Straddling the River Spree in the northeast of Germany, Berlin is blessed with abundant greenery. Nearly a third of Berlin is covered in parks, gardens, forests, canals, rivers and lakes, and the city is unquestionably one of Western Europe's most scenic cities.

Germany's capital and largest city has built itself up and reinvented itself after the end of the Cold War as a forward-thinking Bohemian metro. The city's creative prowess often attracts expats moving to Berlin.

Living in Berlin as an expat

Berlin is cosmopolitan and eclectic. The city's laid-back bohemian culture combined with characteristically German efficiency makes it a desired posting for many professionals. 

Unemployment rates are still relatively high, but those with the right skills are sure to secure employment in Berlin. More of a creative hub than corporate, Berlin's residents will find that suits are relatively rare on the city's wide avenues and job opportunities for expats in the financial or other formal sectors can be limited. 

Berlin has plenty to keep its residents occupied. Its streets are lined with trendy cafés, eateries, bars, and clubs of nearly every persuasion, as well as interesting galleries, art studios, and theatres. The city's rich history and prolonged division also mean there are a slew of museums, monuments, and other fascinating attractions and reminders that are sure to tickle history buffs. 

Housing is abundant and affordable in Berlin. Everyone, from young professionals and families, can find a home that is suitable to their needs. There are 12 districts, with 97 neighbourhoods across the city. A downside to renting accommodation in Berlin is that most apartments are completely unfurnished, which may come as a shock if you're from a country where rentals are furnished. 

Lifestyle in Berlin
Accommodation in Berlin

Cost of living in Berlin

Many expats choose Berlin for its relatively gentle cost of living. The cost of accommodation is more affordable than in most European capitals. As a result, artists, designers, musicians, writers, and performers are increasingly deciding to call Berlin home. 

Accommodation in Berlin is usually more affordable in other German cities, but most rental properties in the city come completely unfurnished, so this is an expense you'll have to budget for. Transport and groceries are also fairly affordable, depending on where you shop. 

Cost of living in Berlin

Families and children in Berlin

Berlin also benefits from excellent civic services, including an easy and efficient public transport system, effective healthcare and first-rate education opportunities, especially when it comes to higher learning.

The city is also dotted with an abundance of green spaces, perfect for active families or those who like a picnic. Though young professionals may want to live in the city centre among the action, Berlin also boasts several leafy and quiet neighbourhoods ideal for families to settle in. The city's position makes it the perfect base from which to explore the rest of Germany, as well as Eastern and Western Europe.

Getting around in Berlin
Healthcare in Berlin
Education and schools in Berlin

Climate in Berlin

Berlin has a continental climate with biting winters, hot summers and mild autumn and spring seasons. The weather in summer (June to August) is mostly pleasant and sunny, with temperatures averaging 73°F (23°C). Winters (December to February) can be bitterly cold and damp, with temperatures hovering around freezing. The weather in Berlin is exceptionally unpredictable, and an umbrella is always a good idea when leaving the house.

Though some native Berliners are abandoning the city for greener pastures of employment, there continues to be a massive influx of internationals to the city. Expats moving to Berlin can certainly look forward to a healthy, diverse community imparting its own character to the German capital.

Berlin has a continental climate with biting winters, hot summers and mild autumn and spring seasons. The weather in Berlin during the summer (June to August) is mostly pleasant and sunny, with long days and temperatures averaging 73°F (23°C). Still, Berlin's climate is unpredictable, and the weather can change rapidly. 

Winters (December to February) can be bitterly cold and damp, with temperatures hovering around freezing. Snow often falls between December and March, but Berlin seldom stays covered in snow for long. 

Rain can fall all year round, and it is always a good idea to have an umbrella in Berlin, no matter the season. The wettest months are June and August, and the driest months, on average, are October and February. 

Berlin is a year-round travel destination because so much of the city's appeal lies in its cultural and historical attractions, which are fabulous regardless of the weather, so you can look forward to exploring your new city in all conditions. That said, you will likely most enjoy your new home in the summer months when sidewalk cafés, parks, and gardens are brimming, and a number of summer events can be enjoyed.

The decision to pack up and move abroad isn't always easy, even when moving to a buzzing and attractive European capital such as Berlin. While the city has plenty of positives, there are some negatives about life here, too. 

It's best to have some idea of what to expect before moving, so for a balanced presentation of the good, bad and ugly, here are some pros and cons of moving to Berlin.

Cost of living in Berlin

+ PRO: Something for everyone’s budget

Despite being the capital city, the cost of living in Berlin is slightly lower than in other German cities. Even a city-centre apartment is relatively affordable, especially compared to other Western European capitals. And for more affordable accommodation options, you can save by looking in the surrounding areas and suburbs. 

Public transport is also reasonably priced, while the low fees in public and bilingual schools attract expat families. If you are on a budget, you can enjoy live music in local bars, and those who wish to splurge can dine in Berlin's Michelin-star restaurants.

- CON: Unavoidable expenses

Having a relatively lower cost of living doesn’t mean Berlin is cheap. Things are still pretty pricey relative to average incomes, and some expenses, such as healthcare, are unavoidable. All residents – local or expat – in Germany must have health insurance, and expats typically also pay for private health coverage.

Working in Berlin

- CON: Finding a job is hard

Berlin consistently proves a hard job market to enter, and those who do find a job may not always be rewarded with a lucrative salary and employment benefits. Career growth and promotions also remain a pipe dream for many Berlin residents. Unfortunately, the city struggles with the highest unemployment rate in Germany.

- CON: Taxes are high

German residents will face high taxes, and as the tax rate is progressive up to 45 percent, higher earners contribute more than lower earners. Confirm and calculate net earnings when receiving job offers, and draw up your budget to ensure you can live comfortably in Berlin.

+ PRO: Job prospects for the innovative and creative

Despite its drawbacks, Berlin continues to attract young expats, particularly creatives and those with entrepreneurial minds working in the tech sector. Anyone from singers and performers to writers and painters finds themselves in Berlin, contributing to the Bohemian atmosphere, while start-ups in the IT and media sectors are also growing.

Lifestyle in Berlin

+ PRO: Never a dull moment

Berlin is a melting pot, reflected in its buzzing cosmopolitan lifestyle. The city offers everything from Bohemian art galleries and cafés to outdoor festivals and wild nightclubs, and those who prefer time outdoors can enjoy the green spaces such as Tiergarten and Viktoriapark. There is so much to see and do. If you have an open mind, you will meet people from all over and experience a veritable smorgasbord of fun and exciting things.

- CON: Culture shock of the Berlin Schnauzer

Berlin has a bad reputation for its local people being unfriendly and impolite, so much so that this attitude has gained the name Berlin Schnauzer. Interactions with German locals may seem curt with cold replies. That said, this attitude is not typically intentionally rude, but rather just a result of Germans being more socially reserved. Understanding the culture can help you overcome the hurdles of making friends.

- CON: Learning German is a must

Although Berlin is a globalised city and is home to languages from all over the world, you may face language barriers, and learning German is key to having an integrated expat experience. Understanding and communicating in German is greatly beneficial in both workplace and social settings, but it often proves to be a difficult language and takes time, effort, and practice.

Getting around in Berlin

+ PRO: Public transport is efficient

German culture is characteristically punctual and efficient, and this is evident in all spheres of life, including public transport. One of the quickest ways to get around the city is the U-Bahn, Berlin's metro system, while trams, buses, and the S-Bahn also connect the central and surrounding areas and regions.

+ PRO: Great for cycling

With over 620 miles (1,000 km) of bike lanes and combined foot and cycle paths across the city, cycling is one of the easiest and healthiest ways to get around. Be sure to follow the rules of the road and be aware of pedestrians and other vehicles. You should note that, as a pedestrian, you should not walk in the dedicated bicycle lanes.

Accommodation in Berlin

+ PRO: High standard of accommodation

Berlin hosts a range of accommodation options, most of which are neat, well maintained or recently modernised and refurbished.

- CON: Most rentals come unfurnished

Most expats in Berlin will rent accommodation; of these properties, very few will be fully or even semi-furnished. ‘Unfurnished’ in Berlin may also mean no large kitchen appliances or even light fittings. If you're staying long term, you may prefer this, as you can decorate and furnish your property to make yourself feel at home.

Weather in Berlin

+ PRO: Summer fun

Summers are warm without being unpleasant, and spring and autumn also boast comfortable and mild temperatures. While there are year-round annual events, Berlin comes to life in summer, with park-goers enjoying picnics, outdoor music festivals and parties. You should always be prepared for a chance of rain and pack an umbrella.

- CON: Winter is bitterly cold

If you struggle with cold temperatures, you likely won’t enjoy Berlin’s winter when you find yourself needing to leave the comfort of your heated apartment to go to work or do grocery shopping. Some expats may enjoy the cold weather as well as the snow that falls, typically between December and March, although the snow cover doesn't last long.

Education and schools in Berlin

+ PRO: High standard of education

Berlin has an excellent standard of education. Whether you opt for a public, private or international school, your children will likely have well-trained and motivated teachers and access to multiple learning materials and resources. This includes special-needs education for students with disabilities – schools are inclusive, both in academic and vocational institutions, and provide specialised services.

- CON: Admission to international and bilingual schools is competitive

If you have older kids who may struggle with the language barrier in public schools, you may prefer international or bilingual schools, but demand is high and space is limited. 

Admission is not guaranteed, and parents are encouraged to start exploring their options as early as possible. Moreover, while bilingual schools typically offer reasonable fees, international schools come with steep tuition, often charging extra for external exams, so parents must be able to budget for this.

Each year, both foreigners and Germans working in the creative industries flock to Berlin to establish themselves. It is also a popular destination for entrepreneurs looking to set up their businesses, especially in technological fields. For corporate jobs, however, working in Berlin may not be as lucrative as expected. If you're looking to climb the corporate ladder, it might be best to look for a job in Germany's financial hub, Frankfurt.  

Job market in Berlin

Finding work in Berlin can be quite difficult for expats. Year on year, Germany's capital claims among the highest unemployment rates in the country. Previously a divided city, Berlin was forced to put economic growth on hold for many years to rehabilitate or eradicate inefficient East German businesses and to integrate the separate infrastructures of the formerly spliced metropolis.

The economic funk did little to dampen Berliners' spirits, though. The city has beckoned a young, creative expat community interested in tapping into its culture of innovation and living among its Bohemian crowd. Studio space is cheap in the metropolis, and collectives are abundant, giving artists, performers, writers, and musicians plenty of opportunities to get involved and be inspired. 

Despite Berlin's relatively high poverty and unemployment rates, it ranks near the top of German cities when it comes to job creation. Those with the right skills and the drive have the potential to find a professional niche for themselves.

If you prefer a more formal career path, you should look into one of the many internet and media start-ups that have popped up in Berlin. The city has also taken steps to establish itself as a global competitor poised to attract high-tech, modern service companies and those in the processing industry.

With dozens of universities, colleges, and polytechnics and more than 200 research institutes, Berlin has no shortage of job opportunities in research and development. Healthcare is another industry that has many opportunities for skilled expats. 

As a final alternative, English-speaking expats should consider teaching English or working part-time in the tourism and hospitality service industries, the city's largest source of employment. These professions pay little, but are often easier to come by than freelance work or a position in a more formal sector.

Useful links

• City of Berlin – Working in Berlin

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Finding a job in Berlin

You can start by using online sources to gain insight into the types of jobs available in the city and find work in Berlin. Those looking for work in niche industries will benefit from networking and contacting those already in their field in Berlin.

Speaking German is not a prerequisite for many jobs in Berlin, but some knowledge of the local language will certainly be beneficial if you're hoping to pursue a successful career in this city. 

If you're an expat moving to Berlin from outside the EU or newer EU-member states such as Bulgaria or Romania, you must ensure that you have the necessary work permit for Germany. Realistically speaking, without an EU passport or sought-after qualifications, you are unlikely to find work in Berlin, more so than in any other German city.

Useful links

• Absolventa
• Berliner Jobmarkt
• Talent Berlin

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Work culture in Berlin

The work culture in Germany's capital is rather conservative. If you want to be successful and make a good impression in the local workplace, you must understand and incorporate elements of German business culture into your practices. 

Business culture in Berlin and Germany in general is formal and efficiency in the workplace is paramount. Time is money – so being punctual is important. Once the meeting begins, Germans get straight down to business and there's little room for small talk.

Punctuality and appearance are critical, so you should dress well and arrive at meetings fully prepared and on time. It's best to avoid humour, especially at first, as it can be misconstrued. You should expect to be asked detailed questions and have facts and figures on hand to back up what is being presented.

Although most Germans speak good English, many prefer to speak their language during business negotiations. If you don't speak German, you should consider hiring a translator for key meetings. Newcomers to Berlin will find that Germans are private and maintain a strict separation between their work and home life, so it will take some time to forge more personal relationships with colleagues.

If you're looking for accommodation in Berlin, you will have a wide variety of options, ranging from Cold-War-era East German high rises to the sophisticated neoclassical buildings of Prenzlauer Berg and the experimental collectives of Kreuzberg; there is something to suit just about everyone's taste in Berlin.

The city has long been renowned for its reasonably priced housing options. The real estate market is defined by relative oversupply and subsequent low costs.

If you're fortunate enough to consider purchasing property, apartments in Berlin's cutting-edge central district of Mitte are quite affordable, especially compared to the exorbitant sums paid for precious space in the likes of London or Paris. That said, Berlin residents tend to rent property rather than buy. 

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Areas and suburbs in Berlin

Home to 12 eclectic districts, Berlin boasts close to 100 recognised neighbourhoods, each with a unique charm and character. If you're a young, single professional, you will enjoy living in neighbourhoods like Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, and Mitte. 

Prenzlauer Berg is perfect for those who prefer a quieter, more residential neighbourhood. Charlottenberg-Wilmersdorf and Rixdorf are some more family-friendly suburbs in Berlin. 

Read our guide on the Best (and worst) Areas and Suburbs in Berlin for a detailed look at the top neighbourhoods in the city. 

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Types of accommodation in Berlin

Few other European capitals have as much variety in terms of property. Berlin has a truly eclectic range of accommodation options, from old-world townhouses to Soviet-era apartment blocks. 

The standard of accommodation in Berlin is generally excellent. Even in buildings with a somewhat dated facade, you can find that the apartments themselves have either been well maintained or completely modernised. Refurbished buildings with beautiful amenities are also plentiful, but are pricier. 

Accommodation in Berlin is largely spacious. In fact, apartments tend to be around 40 percent larger in Berlin than in other European capitals.

While you may find furnished properties to rent in Berlin, these will mostly be holiday lets available for the short to medium term and often cost quite a bit more than the average. 

Typically, property in Berlin will be unfurnished, and we recommend you consider investing in some basic furniture items. It may surprise some that unfurnished properties in Berlin are typically empty, frequently without carpets, light fittings or large kitchen appliances. 

The advantage of this is that tenants are allowed more leeway in terms of decor. While many people do paint their apartments, tenants must repaint in white or neutral colours at the end of a lease. 

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Finding accommodation in Berlin

There are several ways to find a property to rent in Berlin. If you are relocating to Berlin via a company transfer, you may get assistance from your employer in securing suitable housing. For those without such luxury, the best place to start searching for a home in Berlin is online. While some sites and accommodation portals may provide listings, having some knowledge of German terminology is always beneficial. 

But by far the most efficient and stress-free way of finding a home in Berlin is using the services of an agency. Known as mitwohnzentrale or mitwohnagentur, these agencies have intimate knowledge of the city's property market and can assist new arrivals in finding a home that meets all their requirements. 

Useful links

• ImmoScout24
• Immonet.de

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Renting accommodation in Berlin

Affordable real estate has attracted scores of young creative expats to both Berlin's centre and its outlying suburbs. That said, the face of the Berlin housing market is changing in small ways. Rent has steadily increased in the city, and average incomes in Berlin are still relatively low compared to other German cities.

Those arriving in Germany without a firm job offer must have a substantial amount saved to cover the cost of accommodation while searching for employment.

Making an application

Once you have found a property that meets your requirements, you will be expected to complete a detailed application form and provide evidence of your income and legal status in the country. In some cases, you may be asked for a reference from a previous landlord or a certificate (mietschuldenfreiheitsbescheinigung) indicating you have no outstanding rent due.

Leases, costs, and fees

Most landlords in Berlin ask for up to three months' rent to cover the security deposit on a home. The deposit is refundable and is returned at the end of the tenancy, provided there are no damages to the property. Otherwise, cleaning or repair costs will be taken from the deposit before the balance is refunded.

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Utilities in Berlin

Utility bills are often not included in the rental price and are payable by the tenant. These will commonly include electricity, water, gas, and refuse.

Read Accommodation in Germany for more on rental processes and setting up utilities in the country. 

Electricity

The electricity market in Berlin is deregulated, and you can choose a fixed or variable rate. When you move in, you'll automatically be signed up to Vattenfall, but you can change your provider to find the best deal in your area. 

Gas

GASAG is the basic supplier (grundversorger) of gas in Berlin. Although it's more convenient to stick with GASAG, they typically offer the highest rates of all the suppliers, so it may be worthwhile to consider switching to another provider. 

Water

Berliner Wasserbetriebe treats and supplies Berlin's water. Once you move into your new apartment, you must set up an account in your name, which you can do online. 

Bins and recycling

Waste collection in Berlin is largely managed by Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetriebe (BSR) and several private companies provide complementary services. Regular household waste is placed in grey residual waste bins and is collected weekly. 

There are also separate recycling bins for organic waste, recyclables, paper, glass, and garden waste. These are collected more infrequently than regular household waste. You can also arrange for bulky waste collection of furniture and other large items. 

Read Keeping in Touch in Germany to learn more about mobile, internet, and cable services across the country.  

Useful links

• Vattenfall
• GASAG
• Berliner Wasserbetriebe
• Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetriebe (BSR) 

The best places to live in Berlin

Berlin is a dynamic city in constant flux, and no other metropolis in Germany can match its storied history. Once divided into East and West Berlin, both halves had to reconnect after the fall of the Berlin Wall. As a result, elegant boulevards alternate with trendy and bohemian neighbourhoods. 

The futuristic architecture in the government district and at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin-Mitte contrasts quite dramatically with the Wilhelminian-style architecture seen in Charlottenburg. Accommodation options differ vastly in the city’s twelve districts, which consist of several neighbourhoods each. 

Certain districts are more popular than others. You will need to consider your priorities carefully before choosing an appropriate area of the city in which to settle, but whatever the demands, Berlin leaves no wish unfulfilled. In this multifaceted city, there will be something to suit every taste.

Young and trendy districts in Berlin

Berlin-Mitte

Berlin-Mitte is a truly international district, with an eclectic mix of cultures and nations intersecting and co-existing. Residents live between world-famous sights, government quarters and cultural temples. Nowhere in the capital is reunification more evident than in Mitte. Here beats the heart of Berlin, and desired addresses abound, including Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt, Spandauer Vorstadt, Rosenthaler Vorstadt and the historic Nikolaiviertel.

The district also consists of the neighbourhoods of Tiergarten and Wedding, which are multicultural and perhaps less fashionable than the exquisite Mitte. Nevertheless, these districts attract many expats. The Tiergarten in Berlin is what Hyde Park is to London and Central Park is to New York. This park, located in the Tiergarten district, is Berlin's largest and most beautiful and lifts the area's image accordingly. Even the neighbourhood of Wedding, despite its low-brow reputation, reveals its handsome side with imposing architectural facades.

You'll quickly find that parking can be a problem if you choose to live in Mitte. Spaces are rare, and the traffic can be nerve-wracking. That said, Berlin has an excellent public transport system that you can use to reach almost anywhere in the city.

Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg

If you're a young expat looking to be within the action, as opposed to just nearby, you should look for housing in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. Though this area used to be a predominately working-class district, it has evolved into a fashionable area that captures the attention of young international expats, students, and artists.

Both Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg are among Berlin’s trendiest neighbourhoods, and you can find bars, clubs and pubs on every corner. Because of the cheap rent and lively nightlife, Friedrichshain has become the city's student quarter. In particular, you can find a buzzing scene around Simon-Dach Strasse and Boxhagener Strasse.

In Kreuzberg, many cultures coexist, and residents have an easy-going approach to everyday life. Kreuzberg, together with Wedding, is home to the largest contingent of Turkish residents in the city.

The Berlin Wall used to run between Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg. Though many still feel divided, residents add a lighter spin to the location by organising a water fight each year at the Oberbaumbrücke, which connects the two parts of the district. Other attractions in this quarter include the East Side Gallery, which has remnants of the Berlin Wall, and the former prestige boulevard of the East, the Karl-Marx-Allee.

Family-friendly districts in Berlin

Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf

The district of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is a perfect choice if you prefer a quiet life. Residents are typically cosmopolitan, conscious of tradition, and ambitious.

In addition to the upmarket neighbourhoods of Grünewald and Schmargendorf, Charlottenburg stands out for its solid middle-class respectability. Unlike in the student districts of Friedrichshain and Prenzlauer Berg, this neighbourhood is generally home to the affluent and those who value a certain quality of life.

Wilmersdorf is a cosy area to the west of the city. Normally thought of as somewhat bourgeois, wealthy, and conservative, Wilmersdorf is evolving slightly thanks to the return of a younger, more vibrant crowd. It offers an environment with lots of green space and a wide choice of schools, making it popular with families.

Although Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is not a very trendy area overall, Savignyplatz, with its countless restaurants and bars, is one neighbourhood that’s become a magnet for the younger generation.

The main attraction in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is the Kurfurstendamm, Berlin's most popular boulevard and shopping mile. In the immediate vicinity lies the Zoological Garden, a must-see and the best-stocked zoo in the world. 

In the heart of this area lies the magnificent Schloss Charlottenburg, affectionately known as 'Little Versailles'. The famous Olympic Stadium built during the Third Reich is also worth a visit.

Prenzlauer Berg

If you have more refined tastes, you may want to move into the densely populated and trendy Prenzlauer Berg. In addition to actors, designers, and artists, this area also attracts foreign academics and a large contingency of families, hence its nickname, 'Pregnant Hill'.

With its countless bars, clubs, theatres and clothing stores, Prenzlauer Berg is one of the most modern districts of Berlin. It is also home to the famous Kulturbrauerei, a former brewery.

The standard of healthcare in Berlin is high, but you can also expect a culture around healthy living across the city.

The city is considered a leading health region in Europe and forms Germany's largest centre of medical activity. Berlin's healthcare system offers services ranging from basic care and high-end medicine to prevention and rehabilitation.

Berlin has a rich history steeped in scientific research, and pharmaceutical brands such as Bayer, Pfizer and Berlin-Chemie have labs and production facilities in the area. More than 150 companies based in Berlin manufacture cutting-edge medical equipment such as CT scanners and X-ray and laser machines.

As a result, local hospitals certainly appease international standards and, in many cases, set the precedent themselves. If you have specific concerns, you will be relieved to know that numerous hospitals in Berlin are available for specialised treatment.

The Charité Hospital has an exemplary reputation, as does the Max Delbrück Centrum and the German Heart Centre. Sankt Gertrauden Hospital is well known for its focus as an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Breast Centre; Waldfriede Hospital for its gynaecology, obstetrics and diabetology; and the Westend Klinik of the German Red Cross for paediatric, neurology, and radial therapy services.

As an expat living in Berlin, you'll receive a high standard of treatment and have access to English-speaking medical staff at these hospitals. 

Useful links

• City of Berlin – Emergency Medical Services and Pharmacies

Hospitals in Berlin

In Berlin, just like the rest of Germany, education is highly valued. Teachers earn good salaries, and university staff are especially respected. The city places a strong focus on higher education, with many universities, colleges, polytechnics, and over 200 research institutes.

Germany’s education system is different from many other countries because individual states (länder) have a lot of control. The federal government mainly oversees universities and higher education. If you’re an expat or even a German moving to Berlin from another state, you'll need to learn how the system works here.

Public schools in Berlin

If you have children young enough to pick up the local language quickly, or you see yourselves relocating to Berlin long term, you will certainly want to consider standard German public schools. These institutions do not charge tuition, but there may be registration or minimal extras that need to be financed.

In Berlin, students (and their parents) are free to choose which school they attend, as there are no catchment areas. We recommend conducting extensive research to find institutions that align with your child's needs and priorities. The education system in Berlin is divided into several stages: 

• Children attend kindergarten at the age of three
• Start grundschule (primary school) at age six. From this age, students learn a standard set curriculum, which lasts six grades in Berlin. 
• Secondary School begins at 12 until 18.

After primary school, students can attend one of three types of secondary schools: hauptschule, realschule or gymnasium. German education is not divided according to age from this point forward, but rather according to what direction a student decides to take their education.

A child's academic ability usually determines which school they attend, but the final decision often rests with their parents. Bear in mind, though, regardless of which school a child attends, all students must complete at least nine years of education. Also, as schooling is typically conducted during the morning, students frequently receive a lot of homework and cannot be involved in too many extracurricular activities.

Hauptschule, while offering the same subjects as realschule and gymnasium, teaches children at a slower pace and includes vocational courses. During grade 10, students study at a vocational training school, and then attend berufsschule, where they receive further education and apprenticeship training until grade 12.

Realschule, on the other hand, is attended up until and including grade 10, after which students go straight to Berufsschule. Depending on their academic progress, Realschule students can attend a gymnasium upon graduation.

Gymnasium is generally accepted as the type of school for top students. Subjects covered include mathematics, natural science, and classic and modern language studies. The grades range from 5 to 13, and successful scholars receive a degree called an Abitur, which offers university and college preparatory classes or combined academic and vocational training.

Useful links

• Berlin Senate Administration for Education, Youth and Family – School Directory

International schools in Berlin

Berlin has a few private international schools and public bilingual schools. These are often the best options for expats as they eliminate language barrier concerns.

Private international schools catering to various nationalities can be found in the city. You can choose the school that offers your preferred language of instruction and your home country's curriculum. 

International schools tend to uphold high learning standards, boast smaller class sizes, have first-rate facilities, and largely offer more extracurricular activities than bilingual schools or German public schools. Students find their comfort zone easily in these spaces, but they tend to slow local integration and somewhat hinder the multicultural experience. Depending on age and institution, these schools also come with a hefty price tag.

Bilingual schools in Berlin

As an alternative, public bilingual schools come with no fees attached and act as a good middle ground, allowing for integration and cultivating a comfort zone for kids. The Nelson Mandela School and the JFK School are two examples that are well respected by the expat community.

In these state-sponsored schools, there are usually two streams of curricula based on a child's mother tongue, the difference being the language of teaching.

Spaces fill up quickly at popular bilingual schools in Berlin, so we recommend making admission arrangements as far in advance as possible if you're planning a move to the city.

In both school types, preference may be given to students based on nationality; this does not apply at all institutions, though, and does not guarantee entrance. Admission and enrolment procedures vary from school to school.

Read more

• International Schools in Berlin
• Berlin Senate Administration for Education, Youth and Family – Bilingual Education

Special-needs education in Berlin

Children in Germany, regardless of disability, have the right, according to the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), to early childhood education, primary, secondary and tertiary schooling. Children with disabilities are supported as far as possible in mainstream schools, and there have been recommendations for increasingly inclusive educational practice in general education and vocational schools.

The goal is to enable children to learn together regardless of ability and to guarantee and develop the standards achieved in special-education teaching, advising and support services. 

Ultimately, the government is working to ensure that students with special educational needs can comfortably attend their nearest school and receive the same standard of education as their peers. It's also essential that they learn and play in a safe environment and make good academic and social progress.

Useful links

• Inclusive Special Schools in Berlin

Tutors in Berlin

Education and schools in Berlin play a key role in local society, and tutors are widely used to improve and assist children's schooling. Tutors might assist in specific subjects such as maths or science. 

You'll also find that expat parents often hire a tutor to improve their child's German language proficiency. Tutors are also used to prepare for important exams or university entrance exams.

You might also find that your child may benefit from having a guiding hand in navigating a new school system, or just building some confidence.

Useful links

• LearnPick
• Lernwerk

Several international schools in Berlin cater to the needs of the city's expat population. These schools follow various curricula and help students to make a smooth transition into life in Germany.

Most expats living in Berlin opt to send their children to international schools. While fees can be high, international schools offer the option with the least disruption to a child's education.

For those who can't afford to send their child to an international school in Germany, the option of a bilingual school is also worth exploring. Bilingual schools are often public or private schools that offer German and another language, usually English. These schools are typically the top choice for both Germans and expats, so if this is the route you'd like to take, we recommend enquiring about admissions soon as possible. 

Admissions for international schools can be lengthy and may involve tests and interviews. Generally, schools will require your child's academic record, identity documents, and health certificates to begin the process, so we recommend getting these ready to ensure the process goes smoothly. 

Below are some top international schools in Berlin. 

Useful links

• City of Berlin – List of International Schools

International schools in Berlin 

Berlin Bilingual School 

Established in 2007, the Berlin Bilingual School offers its students an affordable bilingual education, with students graduating with the German Abitur. The Berlin Bilingual School is home to approximately 450 students of 30 nationalities, and the school prides itself on cultivating a truly international environment where students can thrive. The school provides small class sizes and prioritises student development and wellness. 

Website: www.berlin-bilingual-school.de
Curriculum: German and British (Cambridge IGCSE)
Gender: Co-educational
Ages: 4 to 18

Berlin has been compared to Paris in the 1920s and New York City in the 1970s; it is modest yet inviting, attracting the young and the restless from all corners of the world. The lifestyle in Berlin is a lesson in bohemian living, and you should be prepared to immerse yourself in the alternative if you're moving to the once-divided German capital.

Berlin's fashion, design, music, nightlife, art, and architecture attract expats from all over who dream of working and playing in Germany's buzzing capital. 

Internationally acclaimed outdoor festivals grace the city during summer, galleries of every description abound, and the fashion district is bursting at the seams. Berlin is a city to be explored with an open mind and a bohemian mentality. 

Shopping in Berlin

In a city as innovative as Berlin, lifestyle and fashion go hand in hand, and shopping here is an experience defined by both style and originality. While each area in Berlin has a commercial hub, the two most well known in West and East Berlin are Ku'damm (Kurfurstendamm) and Mitte, respectively. 

Ku'damm is a two-mile (4km) stretch of avenue in Charlottenburg where everything from department stores to designer outlets can be found. This area is akin to New York's Fifth Avenue and can seem a bit claustrophobic, with both locals and tourists flocking here during peak shopping season. 

Alternatively, Unter den Linden and Friedrichstrasse in East Berlin are beginning to rival Ku'damm as the city's premier shopping mile. Once host to a bevy of tacky souvenir shops, these areas are now home to several well-known and luxurious fashion houses.

Mitte, on the other hand, is full of funky finds for the more artistically inclined. In contrast to West Berlin's tradition of mainstream megastores, this East Berlin area boasts an array of second-hand shops and flea markets.

Nightlife in Berlin

Berlin's nightlife is second to none. The city boasts full-throttle clubs, intimate cafés and opportunities to enjoy a night as an opera-goer. Specifically, the districts of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain, and Kreuzberg are saturated, and any space is likely to become a venue for young Berliners to dance the night away.

Those who enjoy anything with an intellectual edge will find a fertile nesting ground in Berlin. Art galleries and live music venues are often open till late.

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Eating out in Berlin

The food in the German capital is fuss-free and delicious. Much of the local cuisine in Berlin has been influenced by immigrants from neighbouring countries and ingredients such as pork, goose, fish, cabbage, turnips, pickles, and potatoes commonly feature in the city's cuisine.

If German fare doesn’t suit your tastes, there are plenty of international options in cosmopolitan Berlin. The city is home to a whole host of top-quality restaurants featuring cuisine from across the globe, including Thai, Chinese, Vietnamese, Indian, Italian, French, Turkish, and Spanish.

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Sports and outdoor activities in Berlin

If you're an active expat, you will find plenty to keep yourself busy in the city. While football (soccer) is probably the most popular sport in the capital, you can also take part in several outdoor activities, such as horse riding or hiking.

Cycling is also a favourite pastime for Berlin's residents, and there are many great biking trails which will allow new arrivals to explore the city and its surrounds on two wheels. Those who enjoy a round of golf will find some excellent and scenic golf courses dotted around Berlin. 

Fresh air is abundant in the German capital, which has more than 2,500 parks and green spaces. You should certainly take the time to visit one of the city's greatest green assets, such as Tiergarten or Viktoriapark. These parks offer a great environment for runners, walkers, and cyclists, but even those who would prefer to enjoy a good book or have a picnic in the sunshine will enjoy these spaces.

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See and do in Berlin

Berlin boasts a multitude of exciting and interesting attractions, from museums and galleries to amusement parks, restaurants, and bistros. The Berlin Welcome Card offers discounts on most of Berlin's major attractions, as well as free travel on public transport within the city for one adult and up to three children aged 6 to 14.

Below are a few sights worth checking out while in Berlin.

Brandenburg Gate

This massive sandstone gate was once inaccessible and unusable, abandoned in the 'no man's land' behind the Berlin Wall. It has since been renovated and has become a popular attraction and testament to some beautiful architecture found in the German capital.

Checkpoint Charlie

Checkpoint Charlie was the notorious border crossing marking the division between East and West Berlin for nearly 30 years. As the checkpoint is no longer functional, a museum has been constructed to commemorate the many brave attempts to go over, under or across the wall undetected.

East Side Gallery

What is left of the infamous Berlin Wall has been transformed into the largest open-air alternative art gallery in the world. Graffiti artists have used the space to showcase their skill on the longest section of the wall, which stretches from Ostbahnhof station to the Oberbaumbrucke. The collection has since become a tourist attraction and is recognised as a memorial to freedom.

Jewish Museum

The Jewish Museum has gained international acclaim for its unique exhibition space and dynamic architecture. Visitors enter the Jewish Museum through the Berlin Museum to explore the exhibition rooms, which are clustered around the main axis void, designed to signify the invisible aspects of Jewish history.

Reichstag

The Reichstag has been the seat of the German parliament since 1894 and is undoubtedly one of Berlin's most famous buildings. Damaged in the carnage of World War II, the structure was famously wrapped in white fabric in the late 1990s by the well-known conceptual artist Christo.

Charlottenburg Palace

Schloss Charlottenburg was built in the baroque style in 18th-century Berlin. The structure is the largest palace in Berlin and was constructed as a summer home for Sophie Charlotte, the wife of Elector Frederick III, the Prussian king.

Useful links

• Berlin Welcome Card

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Meeting people and making friends in Berlin

Making friends in a new city can be intimidating. One of the best ways to start meeting like-minded people is to join a local club or meet-up group. Berlin is a highly creative city, with many options for people from all walks to meet new people. Book lovers can research local book clubs and join one near them.

It's also easy to find running or sports clubs if you're a fitness enthusiast. This is also a great way to meet locals, which can be challenging in a new city. 

Useful links

• The Booker Tea Reading Group
• Berlin International Rotary Club
• Mikkeller Running Club

Berlin is a sprawling, cosmopolitan city with excellent roads and public transport networks. Although you should be prepared to get caught in traffic and crowds at peak times, you'll be able to get just about anywhere relatively quickly and efficiently.

Most Berlin residents do not find it necessary to buy a car. Traffic can be terrible during peak times, and parking is expensive and difficult to find. Even those who have a vehicle often choose to use public transport to commute to and from work. 

Public transport in Berlin

All modes of public transport in Berlin are interconnected and use a common ticket, with prices varying according to the number of zones the rider travels through. There are several reasonably priced ticket options for tourists and commuters.

Commuters can buy tickets from vending machines at U- and S-Bahn stations, and then validate the tickets once they board a bus or train.

S-Bahn (suburban trains)

The S-Bahn has 15 lines and is the quickest way to travel to an entirely different area of the city. Lines run mostly east-to-west in the city centre, and another line circles the whole city. You can find maps on the S-Bahn website or at stations.

On weekdays, the S-Bahn runs from 4.30am to 1.30am, and it runs 24 hours on weekends at 30-minute intervals at night. 

Buses

Operated by Berlin's transport company, BVG, the bus system is extensive. Using buses is a good way to travel to any part of the city that is not close to an S-Bahn or U-Bahn station. Bus services run 24 hours, with Metro and night buses available.

You can use the same tickets bought at S-Bahn or U-Bahn stations on the trains, as long as they are valid within the zone you are travelling in. Simply validate the ticket at the machine inside the doors of the bus (or train).

U-Bahn (underground trains)

The U-Bahn is Berlin’s underground metro system, which functions with characteristic German precision. Commuters can get detailed maps and tickets at all U-Bahn stations (marked by a big blue “U” symbol).

The frequency of U-Bahn services depends on the time of day and the line. We recommend consulting a schedule when planning your journey. 

Trams

The tram system is the third largest in the world, with 20 lines that supplement the subway (U-Bahn) system. Trams offer a fun and novel way to get around the city. The tram maps can be found in S-Bahn and U-Bahn stations, and passengers can buy tickets on the tram.

Ferries

Ferries serve an important in getting Berliners to work daily. Most of the ferry lines in the city are operated by BVG, meaning you can use a Berlin public transport ticket on the ferry. They are also quite popular among weekend visitors. 

Useful links

• S-Bahn
• BVG

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Taxis in Berlin

Taxis are plentiful in Berlin and are cheaper than in many other large European capitals. Most drivers speak English and are generally helpful. 

You can either flag one down in the street or find a taxi rank. While taxis are easy to find in Berlin's city centre, it is best to pre-book a vehicle ahead of time if you are travelling to or from the suburbs.

Travelling by taxi can be useful late at night, and it's even more affordable if you split the taxi with others going in the same direction. Berlin's taxi industry is highly regulated, and it has fixed rates for rides 24 hours a day. 

Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Free Now are also super convenient ways to get around. You can simply download the app, link your credit card, and start riding.

Useful links

• TaxiFunk Berlin
• EcoTaxi Berlin
• FreeNow

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Driving in Berlin

As in any large, bustling city, driving in Berlin can be more trouble than it is worth at peak times or through busy areas where parking is scarce. That said, the road networks have been expanded and streamlined recently, making driving a straightforward experience for the most part. 

Although in peak times the sheer number of cars and traffic light intersections cause traffic, drivers in Berlin tend to obey traffic laws and give way to pedestrians and cyclists. Still, you should be prepared for the Germans’ famous love of speed on motorways.

If you're moving into inner-city areas or areas with metered parking on the streets, you can apply for a resident's permit to be exempt from the fees.

Transport and Driving in Germany has more information on driving licences in the country. 

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Cycling in Berlin

There are over 1,860 miles (3,000km) of bike paths, dedicated bike lanes and combination foot/cycle paths across Berlin, with more currently in the works. Many locals find that getting around in Berlin by bicycle is a cheap, healthy and feasible way to travel.

Berlin is largely flat, and cycling is a pleasant experience. Most drivers are aware of the large number of cyclists on the roads and are, therefore, cautious and courteous.

If you wish to cycle in Berlin, you will have a range of bike-hiring options. Alternatively, it is also possible to buy a second-hand bicycle quite cheaply. 

Useful links

• Dott
• LimeBike
• Nextbike

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Walking in Berlin

Often the best way to explore Berlin's centre is on foot, and walking is sometimes the simplest way to travel short distances in the city.

While there are plenty of pavements available for pedestrians, you should be careful not to mistake them for the red-brick cycling paths, which are for cyclists only.

Jaywalking is illegal, and most pedestrians in Berlin stick to the rules.

Furnished apartments in Berlin

Many expats choose to rent a furnished apartment when moving to Berlin, rather than staying in a hotel or rushing into a long-term rental agreement. Apartments can be rented weekly or monthly while looking for longer-term accommodation. This makes settling into a new life in Germany much easier and allows more time to decide on the most suitable area or suburb to live in. Those moving to Berlin for work or on a short-term assignment often prefer to rent a furnished apartment rather than a hotel room; not only is it usually cheaper, but it’s also normally more comfortable.

How to find a serviced apartment in Berlin

There are many options for finding a furnished or serviced apartment in Germany. Some expats and business travellers will have this organised by their employer or relocation company. Many landlords and rental agencies list their furnished apartments on one of these accommodation portals:

• Airbnb is an online marketplace for short-term rentals, with loads of apartments throughout Germany. They are most popular with those on holiday and short breaks rather than corporate travellers or expats.
• Blueground offers furnished apartments in Berlin’s best neighbourhoods on flexible weekly and monthly leases.
• Homelike is one of the largest online marketplaces for long-term and short-term furnished apartment rentals in Berlin. It offers a simple booking experience and lists high-quality apartments that can be rented for 30 nights or more.
• StaySitu has been helping companies and organisations find rental accommodation for their corporate travellers and relocation assignee when they are on the move for business. They also help individual expats find short-term accommodation in Berlin.

Relocation companies can often help with finding and securing a furnished apartment or serviced accommodation, along with providing other services like visa and immigration assistance, international school search, and help with settling into the local area.

What are the benefits of renting a furnished apartment?

Most expats initially choose to rent a furnished apartment in Berlin rather than immediately taking out a long-term rental. Furnished apartments and houses in Berlin offer much more flexibility and usually come equipped with furniture and kitchen appliances, so you can avoid the upfront cost and hassle of buying furniture or shipping it from home. 

Some serviced accommodation and furnished apartments will come completely equipped with linen, towels, and kitchenware. They will also set up all the utilities, including telephone and broadband internet.

The flexibility of short-term accommodation

Short-term accommodation provides flexibility for business travellers and those moving to Berlin. Serviced accommodation can be rented for as little as a few weeks to a few months, or longer, providing ease and flexibility. This allows those who are moving to Berlin more time to find long-term accommodation for themselves and their family.

What's the difference between a serviced apartment and a furnished apartment?

A serviced apartment is a fully furnished apartment that includes many of the facilities provided by a large hotel, such as laundry and cleaning, concierge services and sometimes even access to a gym. But with all the privacy and comfort of a self-catering apartment. Serviced apartments are usually much cheaper than a hotel of a similar standard.

What are Berlin’s best neighbourhoods?

Berlin has twelve districts, and each of these consists of several neighbourhoods. Whether moving on your own or with family, deciding where to live is one of the most important decisions to make when moving to Berlin. Luckily, our editors have done some research for you, see the page on: Best places for expats to live in Berlin.