As the political, cultural, financial and educational hub of the country, it's hardly surprising that Seoul is the most popular choice for expats moving to South Korea.

A buzzing metropolis situated on the Han River, Seoul offers fast-paced, high-technology living set against a rich historical background of palaces, fortress walls, royal shrines and single-storey wooden hanok houses. At the same time, the city is the birthplace of K-pop and the epicentre of the Korean Wave, exporting the country's culture around the globe.

Living in Seoul as an expat

Seoul is South Korea's major business hub and produces about a fifth of the country's gross domestic product. Many expats working in the city find jobs in information technology, electronics and finance, especially as Seoul is home to major corporations such as Kia, Hyundai, Samsung and LG Electronics. It's also the centre of the English-teaching industry, another popular avenue of expat employment.  

With a wide range of accommodation options and quality healthcare, Seoul has all the essential amenities to make an expat's their stay as safe and comfortable as possible. The options for public transport in the city are also vast and efficient, and taxis are numerous and cheap, making car ownership largely unnecessary. 

The lifestyle in Seoul is extremely diverse, and the city provides a range of activities to appeal to shoppers, nightlife hoppers, sports enthusiasts and art lovers. There are huge shopping malls throughout Seoul, as well as a large selection of both local and international restaurants.

Cost of living in Seoul

The cost of living in the South Korean capital is high. That said, salaries are competitive, and employment contracts often cover the cost of accommodation and schooling, saving expats a lot of money. Transport, locally manufactured goods and Korean food are generally affordable, while foreign foodstuffs and commodities are expensive. 

Families and children in Seoul

South Korea is a child-friendly nation, and Seoul is no exception. There are plenty of international schools in the city, with curricula ranging from American and Japanese to the International Baccalaureate. Tutoring is also a large industry in South Korea and expat parents will therefore not struggle to find school support for their children, should they need it. 

Parents will also have plenty of things to see and do to keep their tots and young ones entertained. There will also be many opportunities for weekend breaks, as Seoul is a stone's throw away from many wonderful attractions. 

Climate in Seoul

Seoul has a humid continental climate, with dry, cold, snowy winters and hot, wet summers. Depending on the season, autumn and spring frequently give way to intense hot and cold temperatures.

Although Seoul's reputation as a big city can be intimidating to some, it has a cultural charm that can endear just about anyone. Expats moving to Seoul will find that the contrast between parks, rivers, mountains, teahouses and tall, modern skyscrapers uniquely form to create a city rich in experiences.   

As with any city, Seoul has advantages and disadvantages, but expats who try to learn about and assimilate to the Korean culture will start to feel at home in the city. 

Seoul’s city motto is 'the Soul of Asia' and, once moving here, or even visiting, it's easy to see why people fall in love with it. Below is our list of pros and cons of moving to Seoul. 

Accommodation in Seoul

Most expats will have their housing arranged for them by their employers, ideally in areas and suburbs that are popular with expats. These apartments will often be fully furnished. If accommodation isn't provided directly by employers, they may still be able to provide some tips on how and where to look for housing.

+ PRO: Creature comforts

South Korean apartments will regularly come with a washing machine, gas range, floor heating and air conditioning. This is especially true of newer buildings. Older buildings may not have these 'extras', but will at least have floor heating installed.

Korean buildings are also very safe. Even though the crime rate in South Korea is already quite low, most Seoul apartments will require a gate/front door key or combination as well as the individual door key/combination.

- CON: Expensive

Typically, the down-payment on a rental is exorbitant. Korean landlords will almost always charge 'key money' under the jeonse rental system, which allows tenants rent-free living. Key money functions as a security deposit, but will frequently amount to a large portion of the purchasing price of a property. That said, it's possible to find apartments in popular expat areas that follow the conventional renting system, meaning tenants pay a reasonable deposit and make monthly rent payments.

Lifestyle in Seoul

+ PRO: Friendly locals

South Korea is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries in the world, leading to foreigners being a rare sight. Despite this, native residents of Seoul are more used to seeing foreigners than residents of other South Korean cities and are generally quite ready to help expats feel welcome in the city. 

+ PRO: Large variety of activities to meet any interest

As Seoul is so massive, the different districts have all been encouraged to nurture unique characteristics. Consequently, every district has a distinct personality and presents exclusive lifestyle pursuits. Seoul is also surrounded by a mountain range to the north, so nature-loving expats will easily find activities to suit their needs.

+ PRO: Large and welcoming expat community

Making new friends in Seoul is easy, as the city hosts a large and friendly expat community. This community hosts frequent events that are easily found on Facebook or the various English news outlets and blogs. 

- CON: Extreme winters and summers

Winters in Seoul are freezing, while summers are sweltering. Korea prides itself on the vividness of its four seasons, but autumn and spring will normally only last a few weeks before extreme temperatures on either side of the spectrum become apparent.

Safety in Seoul

+ PRO: Low crime rates

Serious crimes and petty theft alike are rare in South Korea. Walking alone at night is fairly safe in Seoul, but expats should still be aware of their surroundings and act with common sense. 

- CON: Reckless driving

Bending the law is highly common among Seoul motorists. Scooter drivers will often take to the pavements when roads are congested, and drivers might also run red lights if they think they can get away with it. Drinking and driving also occurs frequently. Pedestrians should keep to the pavement and be careful when crossing any street.

Working and doing business in Seoul

+ PRO: Wealth of opportunities

The English as a Second Language (ESL) industry is huge in Seoul. Schools are always looking to hire new teachers, especially around February and August.

- CON: Limited non-teaching positions

Without knowledge of Korean and an adequate deal of experience in a specific field, it’s difficult to find positions in Seoul outside the education sector. There are positions available in the tourism industry but, again, these are few and far between.

Culture shock in Seoul

+ PRO: Korean alphabet

Unlike other Asian languages, the standard Korean alphabet has been intuitively developed and is quick to learn. The shapes of the letters are the shapes a person's mouth makes when saying them. Each group of shapes is actually just a syllable, combining the different letter sounds.

- CON: Communication problems

The Korean language, particularly grammar, can be difficult to learn, and the way Koreans communicate meaning verbally with one another can feel different from how Korean is initially learnt. 

- CON: Hierarchical culture

Respect for one’s elders is hugely important in Korean culture, and some elders take full advantage of this. Their behaviour could be seen as rude to outsiders, but in South Korea it’s normal.

Cost of living in Seoul

+ PRO: Absolutely no need for a car

The public transport system in Seoul is fast, efficient, affordable, safe and clean. The roads are full of cheap taxis that make personal cars even less necessary. 

+ PRO: Diverse, cheap, good food

Eating in restaurants, as long as they are Korean-style cuisine, is cheaper than cooking at home. Due to the relative isolation of the Korean peninsula, Korean cuisine is also fairly diverse. 

- CON: Expensive groceries

Western-style products are much pricier than Korean ones. Produce availability is also more dependent on the seasons than in many other countries.

Education and schools in Seoul

+ PRO: Good schools

Seoul is home to plenty of public and international schools that all teach at a high standard. The majority of expats send their children to international schools due to the language of instruction at public schools being Korean. Be that as it may, expats can rest assured that their children's education will be of high quality regardless of which school they attend. 

- CON: High-pressure education culture

Koreans take education very seriously. Those born outside of Seoul will work their entire lives to have the chance to go to university in the city, and those already in Seoul will do whatever it takes to stay there. Students, starting at a young age, often go to after-school academies (hagwon), which focus on various subjects. High school students are under tremendous amounts of pressure to achieve good grades and make it into a prestigious university, either in Seoul or the USA.

Healthcare in Seoul

+ PRO: Accessible and affordable healthcare

Korea has a universal healthcare system that expats working in South Korea can use. The universal healthcare system will cover up to 50 percent of healthcare costs, and most employer-provided insurance will then cover an additional 25 percent.

+ PRO: Access to English-speaking medical professionals

Many doctors in Seoul are considered the best in their fields. And one will rarely get to the top of any field in Korea without the ability to speak at least intermediate English.

- CON: Not many international clinics

Despite most doctors speaking English, there are only a few options for facilities where all the medical staff, including nurses and administrative workers, speak English. Although there are a few international clinics, appointments are difficult to secure, especially during flu season.

As the capital of one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, Seoul is a fast-paced, cutting-edge city with a highly desirable working environment. Working in Seoul can be difficult as competition for jobs in the city centre is fierce, but becomes a little less so in some of its outlying suburbs.

Despite occupying less than one percent of South Korea's surface area, Seoul generates a significant portion of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 

Job market in Seoul

Many of the core industries in Seoul are concentrated in the manufacturing sector in fields such as information and communications technology, electronics, food and beverage production, and publishing. The city is home to the headquarters of major corporations such as Samsung, LG, the Hyundai Group and HiteJinro.

The majority of jobs available to English-speaking foreigners tend to involve either teaching English or working for the US Army. Expats who are interested in non-teaching jobs in South Korea generally need to have postgraduate education and experience in a highly specialised field to be seriously considered. Otherwise, they will be in direct competition with the local workforce.

Outside of teaching, expats may find work in Seoul's service sector and the electronics, automobile and chemical industries. More often than not, being hired depends just as much on the connections a candidate has as it knows, just as much as it does on their qualifications and experience. 

For those that do find employment, many of the biggest companies in Seoul insist that their managerial staff be proficient in English. As a result, doing business in Seoul is fairly straightforward as the language is less of an impediment. That said, there are certain rules of etiquette and social customs that should be researched before attempting to climb the Korean corporate ladder.

Finding a job in Seoul

Most expats find a job before relocating, as this is often a necessary condition of receiving a work visa and because Korean employers often provide key support, such as helping expats find accommodation. South Korea also offers a visa for job-seeking expats, allowing them to stay in the country for a certain period while job hunting.

Many expats find employment through the many job portals available online. The large number of expats looking to teach English in South Korea has resulted in many recruitment companies which organise placements on behalf of private schools, of which there are many in Seoul.

Work culture in Seoul

Traditional social practices and etiquette still have an important role in South Korean business. If expatriate businesspeople want to be accepted by their colleagues, they need to display an awareness of these and a willingness to engage in the social codes that are at the foundation of business culture in South Korea.

While South Korea's place in the global business circuit has changed the way that business is generally conducted in the country, there is still an elaborate system of hierarchy that imbues business culture. This is based on position, age, prestige and, to an extent, gender.

For Koreans, the idea of 'saving face' is less about preserving oneself and more about saving others from embarrassment, especially those of a higher social or professional ranking. For this reason, expats shouldn't expect Koreans to acknowledge if they can’t help or don’t know the answer to a question. In avoiding admitting lack of knowledge, an individual maintains their honour and dignity.

Koreans want to trust the people they are doing business with, and social relationships are directly linked to business success. For this reason, prospective business partners spend a lot of time getting to know each other. Dinner invitations, after dinner drinks and karaoke are also likely to feature at some point and should not be turned down.

Teaching English in Seoul

A steady stream of English-speaking foreigners make their way to the country each year searching for financial, professional and cultural gain. By far, the most popular source of income for these expats is teaching English in South Korea. 

English teaching jobs have traditionally been fairly easy to secure for expats from countries such as the UK, the US, Canada and South Africa, as long as they meet a few basic requirements. That said, recently the Korean government has been cracking down on foreigners teaching English illegally or without a proper visa. Competition, especially for placements in schools based in Seoul, has also increased and requirements have become slightly more stringent.

Most expats secure a job in Seoul from overseas before they arrive, and often the employer applies for a work permit on their behalf.

As South Korea's economic powerhouse, Seoul has a wide range of accommodation options available. Few expats buy property, but renting property in South Korea can be considerably more complicated than doing so in Western countries. As a result, employers often organise accommodation close to their offices on behalf of their foreign employees.

Most accommodation in Seoul frequently comes in the form of towering apartment blocks. These tend to consist of four to eight apartment buildings which are clustered together. Most will have small communal playgrounds or recreational areas along with parking facilities.

Areas and suburbs in Seoul

With 25 districts and countless neighbourhoods, Seoul boasts a plethora of diverse areas and suburbs. One of the most important factors for expats to consider when choosing a home in their new city is proximity to their workplace and children's schools. Traffic congestion in Seoul is known to get terrible during peak hours, so expats could find themselves spending hours commuting. 

Students and young professionals looking to be within the hustle and bustle of things should look no further than neighbourhoods such as Hongdae, Itaewon and Gangnam. These are some of the most sought-after areas, as they boast excellent amenities, bars, restaurants and clubs. That said, accommodation in these areas can sometimes go for a premium, so expats who do not have their housing covered by their employer will need to consider this. 

While Seoul may be a sprawling metropolis, expat families will find pockets of tranquillity and green spaces nestled between the concrete jungle. Single-family homes are uncommon in Seoul, so expats looking for a family-friendly neighbourhood that won't break the bank should look no further than Seodaemun-gu. With plenty of nature parks, Seodaemun-gu offers apartments but with more opportunities for outdoor living. 

Hannam-dong and UN Village, Seongbuk-dong, Pyeongchang and Seorae Village are all family-friendly areas that have beautiful freestanding houses with gardens. As these areas offer convenient access to international schools and have majestic properties, they are largely home to diplomats and affluent expat families.

Read more about Areas and Suburbs in Seoul

Types of accommodation in Seoul

While the apartment is by far the most common type of housing in Seoul, there are other options for expats to consider. Serviced apartments are a good option for expats staying in Seoul for a short amount of time. They are usually furnished and offer services like cleaning and a foyer concierge, and amenities such as a swimming pool and gym. These are usually quite expensive compared to non-serviced apartments. 

An officetel is a unit within a high-rise building that houses both office and residential space. These apartments are usually furnished and are quite popular with young expats and students. A private house is ideal for an expat family, but unfortunately, these are extremely rare in a city like Seoul. Expats living on the outskirts of the city might, however, be lucky enough to find one. 

Finding accommodation in Seoul

It might be difficult for expats whose employers haven’t arranged housing for them to find a place to live in Seoul. There are, however, some useful tools available to assist expats in their search for the perfect accommodation. Local English-language newspapers such as the Korea Times and The Korean Herald usually contain property listings. Alternatively, listings can be found through online property portals and expat social media groups. It’s also a good idea to check the advertising boards in apartment buildings for listed vacancies.

Visiting estate agents directly is also a good place to start, as they will be privy to a wide selection of availabilities. Although many estate agents may not speak English, there are some estate agencies which specialise in the expat market, which minimises language barrier issues.

Renting accommodation in Seoul

Making an application

Renting an apartment in Seoul requires a lot of time, energy and usually a helpful Korean-speaking colleague or friend to handle negotiations and lease agreements. Most expats will not need to go through this process as their employer will typically provide accommodation. New arrivals to Seoul will need proof of employment, their residence card and a passport to legally rent housing in the city. 

Leases, costs and fees

Typically, rental leases in Seoul are signed for a one- to three-year term. Renters have to give at least three months’ notice if they want to move out. The financial aspect of renting accommodation in Seoul will depend on which rental system expats choose. South Korea allows tenants to pick between the jeonse, wolse and banjeonse rental systems, which are different in the amount expats need to pay as a deposit. All deposits are refundable at the end of the term should there be no damage to the property. 

See Accommodation in South Korea for detailed information on the rental process in the country. 

Utilities

Utilities aren't typically included in the monthly rent, so expats will need to budget extra for this. Expats moving into apartment complexes or villas will usually have their utilities connected and will only need to add their names to the bill. Expats should note that utility bills can be paid via bank transfer at the bank, ATM, through a mobile app or even at some convenience stores.

Electricity and gas

South Korea's electricity provider is Korea Electricity Power Corporation (KEPCO), and expats must call or email their local office in Seoul to set up their accounts. It is also possible to do this online, and it will usually be activated relatively quickly.

Although South Korea's government is working towards deregulating the electricity and gas markets, the process remains in progress. Seoul City Gas Company supplies the gas in the city. Expats are encouraged to monitor their usage as the monthly bill can be unpredictable.

Water

Water in Seoul is provided by the waterworks of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, and it is sourced from the Han River. Similarly to electricity and gas connections, new arrivals moving into complexes and villas will likely only need to change the name on the bill. This can be done by visiting a local waterworks office with a passport and bank account details. 

Bins and recycling

Waste management and recycling in South Korea are taken seriously, and expats may be subjected to warnings or fines if they fail to adhere to local regulations. Waste disposal in Seoul works on the Volume-Based Waste Fee (VBWF) system, making residents pay for the waste they generate. 

Expats will need to buy different coloured bags to dispose of their food waste, recyclable materials, general waste and large items. These bags are unique to specific districts and cannot be used in other districts. They can be purchased from local grocery or convenience stores, and the prices vary in each region and according to size. 

Waste collection typically takes place once a week, and there will usually be a designated collection area for expats living in apartments or officetels. For large items, it's best for expats to contact their local district office and schedule a collection for a fee. There are also additional regulations regarding how rubbish should be disposed of, and expats should visit their local district's website for more on this. 

Internet

Seoul boasts several excellent telecommunications companies that provide fast internet and mobile services. See Keeping in Touch in South Korea for more information. 

The best places to live in Seoul

Seoul is divided up into 25 districts known as gu, which are further separated into neighbourhoods known as dong. If an area has the suffix '-gu', it is a larger area made up of various dong. If the name has '-dong' at the end of it, then it refers to a specific neighbourhood within a gu.

Split in two by the Han River, Seoul is made up of various areas and suburbs. Traditionally, expats have settled north of the river in central areas such as Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-gu and Hannam-dong. These areas are particularly popular among diplomats and their families. Meanwhile, some newer, more expensive suburbs can be found south of the Han River. This includes Gangnam-gu and Apgujeong-dong, which young professionals are often drawn to.

Most areas in Seoul are connected to the city centre by its efficient train and bus services, so expats who need to commute can do so easily. Expats will most likely choose their suburb based on its proximity to their workplace or their children’s schools.

Areas south of the Han River

Gangnam-gu

Gangnam-gu is a much-desired district with a large foreign community, but is also home to many Koreans. The area has an abundance of apartment complexes and numerous studio apartments that are popular with the young and affluent. It has a central built-up area with many offices, bars and restaurants, and boasts some of the priciest real estate in the country.

Despite the relatively high prices, Gangnam-gu is populated with English teachers, since it offers easy access to transport as well as some of the best schools in Seoul.

Daechi-dong is one of the more residential areas within Gangnam-gu and is popular with expats who prefer a quieter lifestyle that isn't too far from the hustle and bustle of the city. 

Apgujeong-dong

This affluent area is home to many upmarket shops and restaurants. Apgujeong Rodeo Street is one of the best shopping streets in Seoul. With good access to public transport, Apgujeong-dong is another ideal choice for young professional expats. 

Areas north of the Han River

Itaewon-dong

Close to the US Army Base in Seoul, Itaewon-dong is filled with Western restaurants, shops and English-language services and amenities. This neighbourhood has one of the largest expat communities in South Korea. 

Itaewon-dong is a hilly region with a range of affordable accommodation options available. Expats can choose between apartments, villas and large houses with gardens. The area also has easy access to public transport and a variety of excellent schools.

Haebangchon-dong

This is another popular expat area, mainly because it's close to Itaewon-dong and the US Army Base. Many English language teachers settle in Haebangchon-dong and the community is quite multicultural. 

Ichon-dong 

Ichon-dong in Yongsan-gu is known as “Little Tokyo” and has a large community of Japanese expats. There are many authentic Japanese restaurants in this area. There is also an abundance of apartment complexes, making it a convenient place to look for accommodation. 

Hannam-dong

Hannam-dong is a popular residential area for diplomats to settle. It's close to the expat hub of Itaewon and is made up of the UN Village and a residential neighbourhood. Hannam-dong is quite exclusive, and the houses are large and luxurious. The accommodation here consists mainly of freestanding homes, but some apartments are also available.

Hannam-dong is only 45 minutes away from the Seoul International School, and there are two English pre-schools in the neighbourhood. There is also a school bus service to most of the international schools in the area.

The UN Village is an exclusive compound within Hannam-dong that is patrolled by security guards. The accommodation here is palatial, and the complex is close to the Deutsche Schule Seoul (German School Seoul International). 

Seodaemun-gu

Close to many of Seoul's universities, Seodaemun-gu is a residential area that is popular with students and professors. There are also many international schools in the area, which is a big draw for many expats. Seodaemun-gu is surrounded by mountains and is, therefore, a great place for expats who enjoy the outdoors. 

Bangbae-dong

Bangbae-dong is an area favoured by French expats because of its proximity to Lycée Français de Séoul (French School of Seoul). There are many accommodation options available in this neighbourhood, and it's close to shopping centres and the subway. 

Seongbuk-dong 

Seongbuk-dong is an affluent suburb where expats can find large, spacious homes. The suburb is relatively close to the city centre, making it convenient for expats who need to commute into the city. Although the suburb is great for expats with families, it isn't as well-connected to the public transport network as other areas in Seoul are. As such, expats who live in Seongbuk-dong might need to invest in a car. 

Yonhi-dong

Although Yonhi-dong can feel isolated, there are many large and beautiful houses and convenient shopping centres, as well as open areas for children to play in. Accommodation in Yonhi-dong is cheaper than in areas such as Hannam-dong and Itaewon-dong, and the Seoul British Foreign School is nearby.

The standard of healthcare in Seoul is equal to that of most Western cities. Many of the city's hospitals and international clinics have English-speaking staff and high-quality medical services.

South Korea's National Health Insurance programme is a compulsory social insurance system that covers the whole population. Foreigners are required to register for the national scheme if they've lived in the country for six months. 

Doctors and specialists will claim most of the costs of a consultation from the NHI, and expats will have to pay only a portion of the cost. Prescription medication and traditional medicine (including acupuncture) are also covered, and will, therefore, also incur small costs.

Pharmacies in Seoul are plentiful and easy to find throughout the city. While 24-hour pharmacies are rare, there are many pharmacies that are open from 7am to 11pm. Unlike many Western countries that use the medical cross symbol, Korean pharmacies, called yak-guk, are usually indicated by the yak symbol (약) prominently displayed at the shopfront.

Apart from Western-style hospitals, there is also a wide range of Eastern medicine hospitals that cater to those who wish to relieve their symptoms through more holistic practices. Many of the universities in Seoul have hospitals attached, and there are several private clinics as well.

Below are some of the most reputable hospitals in Seoul.

Hospitals in Seoul

Asan Medical Center

Website: www.eng.amc.seoul.kr
Address: 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu

Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine

Website: www.jaseng.net
Address: 536, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu

The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St Mary’s Hospital

Website: www.cmcseoul.or.kr
Address: 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu

Samsung Medical Center

Website: www.samsunghospital.com
Address: 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu

Seoul National University Hospital

Website: www.snuh.org
Address: 101, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu

Severance Hospital

Website: www.sev.severance.healthcare
Address: 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu 

Education and schools in Seoul are excellent and famed for their academic rigour. Expats looking for a school for their children will have plenty of options in both the public and international school domains. 

See Education and Schools in South Korea for more on the national education system.

Public schools in Seoul

Expats moving to Seoul rarely send their children to public schools. The Korean education system is praised for the results its students consistently produce, but many expat families find it difficult to adapt to the high-pressured and singularly focused approach adopted by Korean public schools. There's also a language barrier to content with, as Korean is the language of instruction in public schools.

International schools in Seoul

Expats moving to Seoul with children might find that international school fees are their greatest expense. As a result of Seoul's medium-sized diplomatic community and significant American army population, there is a wide range of international schools to choose from, many of which follow either the International Baccalaureate programme or the American curriculum. 

Most expats send their children to international schools to retain some continuity in their lives. It is important for parents to be aware that the South Korean culture of putting great importance on academic achievement does spill over into Seoul’s international schools to some extent. Because of this, expat children might feel more pressure to excel academically than they did in their home countries. There is also a culture of maintaining the utmost respect towards teachers, which might be an adjustment for children used to more relaxed teaching environments.

Expats sending their children to international schools in Seoul should explore their options as soon as possible, as schools may have long waiting lists. Admission to these schools can be competitive, and may include entry tests and interviews.

Learn more about International Schools in Seoul

Special-needs education in Seoul

By law, children in South Korea cannot be refused admission or discriminated against by any school because of disabilities. Public education is also free for children with physical and intellectual disabilities from the ages of five to 18 in South Korea. 

There are close to 30 special-needs schools in Seoul, but many children with disabilities attend mainstream schools. Students who spend a lot of time in the hospital can also study online while receiving medical treatment.

For a child to attend a school for special needs, they must first be registered as a child with a disability at their local district office. Parents can then apply to the school of their choice.

Not all international schools in Seoul cater for children with special educational needs, and expat parents should therefore check with the relevant school.

Tutors in Seoul

Tutors can be useful for expat children transitioning into a new school environment. They can be hired for anything from general assistance with school subjects to helping maintain a child's proficiency in their mother tongue or helping them to learn Korean. Differences in education systems may result in expat children being behind in some areas of their new curriculum, and tutors are an excellent way to catch up.

Tutoring in South Korea is big business, so expats will have plenty of choices. Expats should research different options thoroughly before deciding on a tutor. Tutoring can be done one-on-one, through online classes and videos, or by attending a hagwon (private after-school academy). Many schools will have a list of tutors or hagwons they can recommend.

Seoul is home to a sizeable diplomatic community as well as a significant population of US Army personnel and their accompanying families. To meet the demands of educating their children, there is a wide range of international schools in Seoul. Because of the large US expat community, a number of these schools follow the American curriculum. That said, there are also schools following British, French and German curricula, to name a few.

Expat parents should research and apply to international schools well in advance. Space is limited at these schools, so competition for admission is fierce. International schools are also notoriously expensive and expats will need to figure this into their cost of living. On a positive note, these schools usually have small classes which ensures children get individual attention. The standard of education is also typically high. 

Expats will need to consider several factors when choosing an international school for their children. Proximity from their home and workplace will likely be chief among them. Parents will be delighted to find that most of the top international schools in Seoul offer a range of extracurricular activities and excellent facilities.

Below is a list of the best international schools in Seoul.

International schools in Seoul

Asia Pacific International School 

Asia Pacific International School is a purpose-driven international school that stems its pedagogical approach in Christian values. With a passion for personalised education and individual care, Asia Pacific International School is a small school by design. 

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: American 
Ages: 3 to 18 
Website: www.apis.org

Dwight School Seoul

Established 150 years ago, Dwight School Seoul is the first and only school in Seoul to receive accreditation for all three IB programmes and has since then focused on its three founding principles of community, global vision and personalised learning. The school prides itself on providing personalised learning and nurturing students' unique talents. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.dwight.or.kr

ECLC International Kindergarten

ECLC International Kindergarten takes a holistic approach to learning and has developed programmes that enable children to learn through fun and engaging activities. Founded in 1969, ECLC International Kindergarten has continued to hone its ability to differentiate learning. The school offers excellent facilities as well as bus service to support busy parents. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Early Years Curriculum
Ages: 2 to 6
Website: www.eclcseoul.com

Kids of the Nations International School

Kids of the Nations International School (KONIS) is a Montessori pre-school in Seoul where children learn to speak English and a variety of subjects, including mathematics and geometry. KONIS aims to cultivate children's concentration, independence, coordination and order. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: Montessori
Ages: 2 to 7
Website: www.koniskorea.com

The Korea Kent Foreign School

Korea Kent Foreign School offers the International Baccalaureate and boasts one of the highest concentrations of expat students in Seoul. This allows its students to develop a unique world view that is informed by interactions with their fellow students from all over the world. The school values academic excellence while encouraging involvement in extracurricular activities. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 5 to 18
Website: www.kkfs.org

The Korea International School

The Korea International School boasts a 1:8 student-to-teacher ratio and more than 125 extracurricular activities. The school prides itself on its educational philosophy, which allows its students to apply the knowledge and skills they've learned. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American (including AP)
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.kis.or.kr

Yongsan International School of Seoul

Yongsan International School of Seoul (YISS) aims to develop truth-seeking leaders that value collaboration, compassion and creativity. YISS boasts world-class facilities that include an auditorium, athletic building and cafeteria. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American (including AP)
Ages: 5 to 18
Website: www.yisseoul.org

A vibrant, bustling atmosphere pervades every aspect of the lifestyle in Seoul. Whether an experienced employee in one of the city's embassies or a young teacher seeking new experiences, expats are sure to find something to their taste in the Korean capital.

Shopping in Seoul

Seoul is a shopping hotspot with plenty of options for any budget. Areas such as Myeong-dong and Dongdaemun house large assortments of international brands and reasonably priced boutiques. The more upmarket Gangnam District and Apgujeong have huge department stores and several restaurants. 

Another area with notable shopping options is Itaewon. The area boasts a variety of shops, restaurants, tailors and designer products largely aimed at a Western market. Itaewon is also home to other stores that provide Western favourites, as well as some English bookshops.

Technophiles will be in their element in Seoul, as it has some of the largest electronics markets in Asia. For general grocery shopping, there are a few stores such as Costco which provide Western goods and offer bulk discounts.

Nightlife and entertainment in Seoul

Itaewon is a popular area for restaurants, bars and nightclubs and the areas around Hongik University in Sinchon, as well as the Gangnam District, are other fun locales to spend an evening in.

Korean restaurants are found on every city block, but those looking for a traditional Korean dining experience should head to Insadong. For a bit of entertainment, street performers and independent theatres can be found in the areas around Hyehwa and Hansung University. There are also numerous annual festivals happening in Seoul, as well as international film festivals held in both Busan and Jeonju.

Outdoor activities and sports in Seoul

Expats will find a fair amount of outdoor activities in Seoul. Many residents choose to get their fresh air along the Han River, which cuts through the middle of the city. At various spots along the river, expats can find picnic spots, basketball courts and bicycle hire stations, which also offer tandem bikes for couples.

The Seoul Grand Park and Zoo are easily accessed by subway and make for a great day out for the family, offering a combination of exotic animals, plants, an amusement park and cable car. 

The Seoul Forest is also a major attraction, occupying a massive tract of land in the middle of the city. The area has developed from being royal hunting grounds, a military inspection facility and golf course, to housing several naturally themed parks in one area. Visitors have an opportunity to see local fauna and flora, go bird watching or enjoy themselves at the Hangang River Waterside Park.

The mountains that surround Seoul are some of the most beautiful in the country, and hiking is a popular Korean pastime. The Gwanaksan, Achasan and Bukhansan Mountains are all a convenient subway ride away and offer spectacular views of the city.

Meeting people and making friends in Seoul

Meeting people in a new city can be one of the most intimidating parts of choosing to base yourself in a new country. Below are a few suggestions for expats looking to make friends and integrate into their new communities.

American Women's Club Korea

The American Women's Club Korea is an oasis for expat women from all over the world looking to engage in enriching charitable, cultural and educational activities while building lifelong friendships. 

Seoul International Playgroup

Expat parents looking to meet new people in Seoul should look no further than the Seoul International Playgroup. This group hosts weekly play sessions for babies and toddlers up to five years old and is a great way for parents to build support structures in their new city. 

Seoul Expats Handball Club

Active expats can also enjoy a variety of social clubs and facilities all over the city. Prominent among these is Seoul Expats Handball Club, which hosts weekly training for expats from all over the world and participates in friendly matches, tournaments and handball events. 

Seoul International Hiker's Club

Established in 2006, Seoul International Hiker's Club is open to locals and foreigners alike. Nature-loving expats will get the opportunity to take in Seoul's picturesque mountain- and cityscapes while making connections with like-minded individuals.

Expats just arriving in Seoul may struggle to see why someone would want to leave the city. With such a variety of trendy cafés, shows, eateries, and cultural events, Seoul can certainly keep any expat satisfied.

That said, the thrill of exploring local neighbourhoods may subside after a while. Expats could find themselves needing a break from the crowded streets and air pollution that comes with living in the city.

Luckily, heading out of Seoul for the weekend is easier than ever due to South Korea's many transportation options. The country is well connected with buses and trains, making it possible for visitors to cross the country in as little as three and a half hours. Without much effort, expats can visit beaches, traditional cities, or even Japan. 

Weekend breaks from Seoul

Busan

As the second-largest Korean city, Busan is a popular weekend destination for many expats. The city is known for its beaches, seafood markets and cultural villages. Being in the south, Busan also boasts great weather.

Those travelling on a budget can get to Busan by taking an inter-city bus. There are various buses to choose from, with the most expensive being the ‘premium buses’. That said, even the priciest bus ticket is still cheaper than taking the high-speed train, which takes less than three hours to get to Busan. Buses typically depart from Gyeongbu Bus Terminal and the trip takes about five hours, with stops along the way.

Top expat destinations in Busan include Gwangalli and Haeundae Beach, with the aquarium at Haeundae Beach being a highly recommended spot for expats travelling with children. Expats seeking cultural experiences can visit Haedong Yonggungsa, the only seaside temple in Korea, and Gamcheon cultural village. Foodies should definitely stop at the Gukje Market for a true taste of Korean street food, or the Jagalchi Market to experience seafood Korean style.

Gyeongju

Expats hoping to learn about South Korean history will find the ancient capital, Gyeongju, fascinating. A day trip to Gyeongju allows them to learn about the culture and traditions of the ancient Silla Kingdom. This is a great getaway for those wanting to unwind and escape the skyscrapers and noise of the larger South Korean cities.

The town’s historic area was designated a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 2000 and has since been referred to as “the museum without walls”. Some top sites in Gyeongju include the Donggung Palace, Wolji Pond, Gyochon Hanok Village, and Bulguksa temple. While Gyeongju is easy to navigate on foot or by bicycle, sites that are further away can be accessed by taxi or by taking a local bus.

 Jeonju

Jeonju is the birthplace of the traditional dish bibimbap, which is made with raw beef, rice and seasonal vegetables. In 2012, the city was designated a UNESCO City of Gastronomy. Aside from food, however, Jeonju also has many historic sites to see.

The main attractions in Jeonju are largely located in one area, making the city manageable by foot. To reach Jeonju, the fastest but priciest way to travel is by taking the KTX high-speed train from Seoul, a journey of less than two hours. Alternatively, expats who aren't in a rush also have the option of travelling by bus, which will take just under three hours.

Japan

A trip to Japan is definitely one of the most popular travel options for expats in Seoul. This is especially true for long weekends or extended public holidays, such as Chuseok (the annual harvest festival that usually takes place in September or October). 

What makes travelling to Japan so easy is the fact that many expats won’t need a visa. Expats from the UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia are entitled to 90 days visa-free and will get their passports stamped on arrival. It is advisable for expats to double-check whether they would need a visa before planning this trip.

One popular Japanese city that is easily accessible from South Korea is Fukuoka. Flights from Seoul to Fukuoka take about an hour and a half and can be relatively cheap. Expats who have more time on their hands should consider taking a ferry. The ferry from Busan to Fukuoka takes around three hours, is cheaper than flying and is a unique adventure.

Fukuoka is known for its parks, shrines and castles. There are also many shopping options and a robot museum.

Seoul seamlessly integrates ancient traditions with modernity and advanced technology. Consequently, there are almost limitless opportunities for any kind of person looking for things to see and do in Seoul.

Recommended attractions in Seoul

Fortress Wall of Seoul

Expats looking to explore Seoul's history should consider a hike along the old city wall. The wall, which was built in 1396, snakes along the mountains around Seoul and impresses expats with how strategic and well-defended the city was in ancient times. 

The four main city gates of Seoul (Heunginjimun, Donuimun, Sugyojongmun and Gwanghwamun) have all been lovingly preserved. Originally, Seoul was a completely closed-off city and could only be entered or exited either through one of these four main gates or through four of the smaller gates. This walk offers unparalleled views of the city.

The Great Palaces of Seoul

Korean palaces contain some of the world's most extraordinary architecture. Ancient Korean design ensured that palaces complemented the surrounding nature. Due to Korea being controlled by both China and Japan at different times, the marriage of Chinese, Japanese and Korean palace styles has created something wholly unique. 

There are five different palaces (Gyeongbokgung, Changgyeonggung, Changdeokgung, Deoksugung and Gyeonghuigung) in Seoul. Each of them was constructed during different eras in Korean history, with each exhibiting varied styles of Korean architecture.

Namsangol and Bukchon Hanok villages

The two largest Hanok villages are Bukchon and Namsangol. They are traditionally styled residential areas, that have been either constructed or preserved to give both Koreans and visitors a sense of what life was like in old Seoul. Bukchon gives a feel of the ancient city with winding streets, small businesses and some homes that are still functional. Namsangol is more of a museum to showcase the rural aspects of Korean life and is surrounded by a serene park.

Hangang Park

There's no better place to people-watch than in Seoul’s parks. The largest, Hangang Park, runs the entire length of the Han River on both sides. Though sorely in need of more trees, it's excellent for a picnic, a game of Frisbee or just relaxing and watching people walk by.

National Museum of Korea

The National Museum of Korea is the largest museum in Seoul. It houses a combination of traditional art and history, and regularly hosts international exhibits. Traditional Korean art is distinctive to the peninsula, and the museum is curated to provide an art history lesson for knowledge seeking expats.

Leeum Art Museum

The Leeum Art Museum is the most architecturally striking museum in Seoul. It boasts a diverse collection of ancient Korean pottery as well as modern installations and sculptures. 

Samcheong-dong

The largest concentration of galleries in Seoul can be found in Samcheong-dong. The modern galleries of this area provide a wonderful overview of modern Korean art. Expats could easily spend an entire day walking through this neighbourhood, popping in and out of galleries and cafés.

Seoul is a vibrant cultural hub that hosts a plethora of cultural festivals as well as world-class performing arts and creative events throughout the year. That said, expats shouldn't restrict themselves to the Korean capital, as South Korea's compact size and excellent public transport network mean that visitors can explore the rest of the country with relative ease.

Other large cities such as Busan and Incheon are only a few hours away by express train, and also host several festivals and events throughout the year.

Annual events in Seoul

New Year Festival (January/February)

A three-day festival celebrating the lunar new year, also called Seollal, is hosted by the National Folk Museum of Korea in Seoul every year. In a bid to give the festival more international appeal, the museum hosts live performances, instrument demonstrations, traditional outfits and food from around the world for visitors to sample.

Cherry Blossom Festivals (April)

Cherry blossoms bloom in March and April. Many towns across the country celebrate the coming of spring by holding flower festivals. The Seokcheon Lake Cherry Blossom Festival, Yeouido Spring Flower Festival and Icheon Baeksa Sansuyu Blossom Festival are all held in mid-April and are within easy reach of Seoul. Together, they attract millions of tourists each year.

Lotus Lantern Festival (May)

According to Buddhist beliefs, the lighting of the lotus-shaped lantern symbolises a desire or commitment to doing good deeds. Held every May on the weekend closest to Buddha's birthday, the Lotus Lantern Festival takes place in downtown Seoul. This festival sees many live performances, food stalls, arts and crafts tents, and a parade of thousands of elaborate lanterns – some small, some enormous, some in motion and some even breathing fire.

Seoul International New Media Festival (July/August)

The Seoul International New Media Festival (NeMaf) is one of Korea's leading film festivals. Since its inception in 2000, it has continued to celebrate independent and experimental films while pushing the boundaries between film and art.

Seoul Fringe Festival (August)

The biggest independent performing arts festival in Korea, the Seoul Fringe Festival sees two weeks of voluntary performances by participating artists. The aim is to offer an alternative to mainstream popular Korean culture by challenging traditional boundaries and creating a platform for discussion and exploration.

Seoul Street Arts Festival (October)

The Seoul Street Arts Festival is the biggest street festival in the city, attracting around a million visitors every year. The festival is a favourite with locals and tourists alike and sees a variety of live performances, concerts and other activities take place over the course of four to five days.

Seoul International Fireworks Festival (October)

This multimedia fireworks display is held every year in October on the banks of the Han River. Fireworks are set to spectacular displays of music and lasers, with displays orchestrated by Korean fireworks experts and international professionals, all set against the backdrop of the Seoul skyline. Attendance is free and the festivities are a stone's throw away from the subway.

Expats moving to Seoul often have many concerns and queries about what to expect from life in their new home. Here are the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about living in Seoul.

How bad is the pollution in Seoul?

Seoul, like most Asian cities, has its fair share of pollution. Many South Koreans wear face masks to protect themselves from pollution and potential illness. During spring, clouds of yellow dust settle over Seoul. It's strongly advised that everyone going outdoors wears a face mask. Yellow dust originates from China and contains several industrial pollutants as well as fine soil particles. The Seoul Metropolitan Government does make a concerted effort to keep the city green.

Is public transport available 24 hours a day?

While there are some forms of transport available in Seoul, the subway and regular public bus system close at midnight or just after. The 'Owl Buses' then take over from 1am to 4am. However, these buses only drive eight routes and those needing to go elsewhere may need to consider taking a taxi. Metered taxis are always available and many of the drivers understand some English. They are cheap for short trips, but can be expensive over a longer distance. Uber has also returned to Seoul, so expats can also book a taxi through the app.

Is it easy to get out of Seoul for a weekend?

South Korea has an extensive road and rail network that makes it easy to get out of the city. There are many mountain parks a few hours from Seoul, which have well-maintained facilities and hiking trails. All the smaller towns in Korea have relatively inexpensive accommodation and a host of Korean restaurants to choose from. Travelling to some tiny villages will require some knowledge of spoken and written Korean, but locals are typically friendly and are always willing to help.

What is Seoul like for children?

Although Seoul is a significantly large city, it's a fun place for children. There are many public parks with playground equipment. There also are ample cinemas and amusement park areas such as Lotte World. Korean culture values children, and locals often dote on Western kids. As such, Seoul is a very child-friendly city, and it is a safe place to raise a family.

There are also plenty of public and international schools in the city. Expats generally select to send their children to international schools, as the language of instruction at public schools is Korean. There are many American and International Baccalaureate curriculum schools, as well as some Japanese and Chinese schools in the city. These schools come at a high cost, but expats may be able to negotiate a school allowance into their contract.

The best way of getting around in Seoul is by using public transport. Although the city isn't as congested as Shanghai or Bangkok, it has its fair share of traffic jams that cause significant delays.

The extensive subway system in Seoul means that there's usually a subway stop within a 10-minute walk of any destination, and its public buses are also an efficient way to get around. Street signs and subway signs in Seoul are typically written in both English and Korean. 

Public transport in Seoul

Expats will easily be able to take advantage of integrated public transit in Seoul. Commuters can get to almost anywhere in the city using the subway and buses. They can also take advantage of initiatives such as the rechargeable T-money card, which offers lower rates than purchasing single-ticket rides and can be used on Seoul's metro and bus systems.

Metro

The subway system in Seoul is extensive, clean and efficient, and can be used to get around most of the city. Passengers need a subway or T-money card to use the system, which can be bought at subway stations and some stores.

Buses

In addition to the subway, there is an extensive public bus system in Seoul. Buses are colour-coordinated depending on their circuit: green buses travel only around their base neighbourhoods, blue buses go between neighbourhoods across town, yellow buses do short circuits around tourist areas and red buses go to different cities. Passengers pay when they get onto the bus with their T-money cards.

Taxis in Seoul

There are two types of taxis in Seoul. Black taxis with a yellow sign are luxury taxis that are pricier than regular cabs but provide a better service. Silver taxis are regular taxis and are cheaper, these taxis also charge up to 20 percent extra for late night travel. Most drivers don't speak English, so it's a good idea to have a Korean friend or colleague write the destination down in Korean to show the driver. 

Some taxis advertise a free call-in interpretation service that English-speaking passengers can use to establish a fare before they go or to explain where they want to go. It's also sometimes possible to use a T-money card to pay for a trip by swiping it at the start and end of the journey. 

Alternatively, a local app-based ride-hailing service called Kakao Taxi allows expats to order a taxi service to their exact address. Many expats prefer using this and similar apps as they allow for automatic credit card billing as well as greater control over their route. Expats will need a basic understanding of Korean or know their destination in Korean to use this app. After a previous banning, Uber has returned to Seoul and expats can therefore also use the Uber app to get around the city.

Useful links

• Expats looking for English-speaking taxi services can visit the official website of the International Taxi service.
• For ride-hailing options, expats can check out Uber and Kakao Taxi. 

Driving in Seoul

Many expats find that owning a car in South Korea is unnecessary or even best avoided – especially if they don't plan to do much travelling in the countryside.

There are plenty of car rental companies, including well-known international names, that expats can use if wanting to take a trip out of the city by private car. For inner-city travel, however, parking is often difficult to find and navigating the heavy traffic can be troublesome.

See Transport and Driving in South Korea for more on driving licences in the country. 

Walking in Seoul

Although Seoul is large and densely populated, there is usually a subway stop within a 10-minute walk of anywhere an expat might want to go within the city. As a result, it's possible to navigate the city through a combination of walking and riding the subway. 

The city itself occupies a relatively large area, making it impossible to cover more than a tiny portion of it on foot. The networks of roads and back alleys can also be confusing to travel through, so it's best to take note of major landmarks.