Those moving to Washington, DC are often surprised by how small the city – arguably the most powerful and influential in the USA – can be. Despite its iconic image as the centre of American power, DC is difficult to define, with ambiguous borders and a contrasting image.

The district is populated by little more than half a million people, yet the vast DC metro area borrows from neighbouring state land to create a metropolis ten times that size. 'DC' usually refers not only to the District of Colombia but also to parts of Maryland and Virginia that feed into the city.

The massive concentration of agencies, departments, businesses, consulates and young, eager professionals makes Washington, DC so dense with potential that people from all ends of the earth seem to be magnetically drawn to it.

Living in Washington, DC as an expat

New arrivals in Washington, DC will likely discover job opportunities in its thriving service industry, including sectors such as healthcare, education, finance and hospitality. Alternatively, newcomers can get involved in businesses that work alongside federal operations. Being the capital of the US, DC's biggest employer is the US government. 

With such an array of neighbourhoods in Washington, DC, new arrivals to the city will undoubtedly be able to find a spot that suits their lifestyle and circumstances. Unfortunately, the city is rife with inequality, resulting in high poverty levels. While newcomers are likely to live in better neighbourhoods, the unfortunate realities of living in a city with such significant discrepancies in income and relatively high crime rates are unavoidably noticeable.

Cost of living in Washington, DC

 The cost of living in Washington, DC is generally relatively high, especially as suitable quality accommodation is in high demand and therefore expensive. That said, those living close to the city centre will find that public transportation is fairly reasonable and there's really no need for a car when it comes to getting out and about. 

Expat families and children

There are plenty of good schools in Washington. New arrivals can send their children to public schools that fall within certain residential boundaries at a negligible cost, although these schools can vary in quality. There is also a good range of private and international schooling options, but fees are naturally much higher.

Outside of school hours, parents will find plenty to entertain the kids in Washington, DC. The city's many parks are lovely for a day out in the sunshine. Alternatively, educational fun can be had at the Smithsonian, where there are endless things to see and do, such as visiting the zoo or one of the many museums. There are also a host of events in the city each year to entertain the little ones.  

Climate in Washington, DC

Washington, DC, has a semi-continental climate. Summers are hot and humid, with temperatures averaging between 86°F and 91°F (30°C and 33°C). During winter, temperatures regularly drop well below freezing, and snowfall is common. Autumn and spring are the most pleasant times of the year and draw the most visitors to the city. The weather is generally warm, with clear skies. 

Washington, DC is particularly welcoming to newcomers. Most young professionals in DC have recently moved to the city to pursue careers before relocating again. There's a frenetic energy of friendship-making fuelled by numerous clubs, casual sports teams and nightlife. Newcomers are always welcome here.

Washington, DC, has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, interspersed with frequent rain showers, while winters are extremely cold with the occasional snowstorm. The warmest months are July and August, when temperatures average between 86°F and 91°F (30°C and 33°C). From mid-December to mid-February, temperatures range between 20°F and 45°F (-6°C and 8°C). Probably the best weather is from March to mid-May when temperatures are mild, humidity is low, and the city's cherry trees blossom.

As the capital of the US and home to multinational organisations like the IMF and World Bank, the city of Washington, DC attracts a large number of international expats. Situated on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia, its location was said to be chosen by President George Washington himself in 1790.

Nowadays, it is perhaps most famous for being the seat of government. DC, as it's sometimes known, has a wealth of history attached to it, meaning the city has developed into a dynamic and complex metropolis where both the past and the future are cherished. That said, there are both positive and negative aspects of life in DC. Here are some of the pros and cons of living in Washington, DC.

Cost of living in Washington, DC

 + PRO: Salaries are high 

The high cost of living in Washington, DC, is often more than compensated for by higher salaries. The average household income is well above what's earned in many other cities in the US. 

- CON: Living expenses are high too

Unless moving from another big city like New York, Boston or San Francisco, new arrivals will find the cost of living in DC is high. If from out of state or abroad, they may have to pay a lot more for housing and food than they're used to. Generally, costs get lower the further they live from Downtown DC. 

- CON: Wealth inequality

Although many newcomers will find lucrative, high-profile employment opportunities in DC, there is a massive divide between the rich and the poor. Figures suggest around a fifth of the city lives below the poverty line. 

Lifestyle in Washington, DC

+ PRO: Cultural diversity

A wide variety of people live in DC and the surrounding areas. Politicians, diplomats and military personnel live alongside people working for banks, non-profit organisations and all kinds of other industries. The population is generally well-educated, and the blend of backgrounds, nationalities, religions and ethnicities makes it an exciting place to live.   

+ PRO: An Abundance of cultural attractions

There's plenty to see and do in Washington, DC. History and culture buffs will feel right at home among all the attractions on offer. Many of the city's museums and galleries offer free entrance to residents.

+ PRO: Plenty of weekend break opportunities

DC's central location means that it's easy to get out of the city and head to places like New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia for the weekend. The surrounding countryside is also stunning and offers loads of opportunities for those needing a dose of fresh air. There is hiking in the Shenandoah National Park, rafting on the Shenandoah River, and sailing in the Potomac or nearby Annapolis. Virginia Beach is also a four-hour drive from DC for those looking for a getaway on the coast. 

- CON: Traffic and tourists

In contrast to the pace of life in Washington, DC, the traffic tends to be slow. Public transport is good, but those stuck in suburbs that aren't well-serviced by transport routes are doomed to drive. Additionally, because of all the great attractions, there are a huge number of tourists, which can make the central areas around the National Mall and Capitol Hill crowded.

Family life in Washington, DC

+ PRO: Variety of neighbourhoods

Those working in DC have a wide variety of neighbourhoods to choose from, with housing varying from centrally located apartments to suburban townhouses and family homes. Those relocating to Washington can therefore decide to live in an area that suits their lifestyle and family circumstances, provided they can afford it.

- CON: Poor public schools

Unfortunately, the public school system in DC is not up to the standards of other major cities in the US. That said, there are some excellent international schools in the city. Many families move to Maryland or Virginia to find better public schools for their children.

Weather in Washington, DC

+ PRO: Spring and autumn are pleasant

Autumn brings a welcome respite from often stifling summers in DC, while spring happily ends the cold winters. Pleasant balmy evenings and mild temperatures accompany these seasons, although spring can often change from warm to cold in a few hours. Spring is, however, also attended by gorgeous blossoms, which bring the city back to life after winter. 

- CON: Humid summers

During the summer months, the weather can get hot, humid and uncomfortable. Air conditioning is a must, which unfortunately drives up electricity prices in the summer months. 

Working in Washington, DC

- CON: Demanding work environment

The salaries and room for career progression are undoubtedly high in Washington, DC. That said, the demanding work environment can come at the expense of time spent with friends and family. Many employees work long hours, and those who value time with their loved ones may suffer.

+ PRO: High ceilings for career growth

There is a robust, diverse and dynamic job market in the capital due to the presence of government employers and contractors. While many may see the high competition for jobs as a negative, it breeds equally competitive salaries and benefits.

Washington, DC, has a strong economy, bolstered by federal operations based in the city which account for more than 12 percent of the city's employees. That said, because only US citizens can take up government jobs, expats will need to look to other industries if they wish to find work in Washington, DC. Luckily, there are other options, with sectors such as tourism and services also making up a significant part of the city's economy.

Job market in Washington, DC

Although the largest employer in Washington, DC, is the US government, there are also several top area industries closely related to, but not actually part of, the government. This opens up potential jobs for expats in sectors such as defence contracting, lobbying, non-profit organisations and publishing. In addition, many expats work closely with governmental agencies and are employed by overseas companies or foreign governments.

Professional and business services are increasingly becoming top employers in Washington, DC, with important sectors being healthcare, technology, hospitality and education. The city is also home to multinational corporations such as the IMF and the World Bank, making it an attractive city for those working in finance. 

Finding a job in Washington, DC

Online portals are a good way to find a job in Washington, DC, as most major employers advertise vacant positions online, either on their own websites or through recruitment agencies. But above all else, networking is probably the most indispensable aspect of a job search in DC. In a city of politicians and lobbyists, it’s often who one knows, rather than what they know, that will go a long way to securing that dream job.

It's worth noting that the cost of living in DC is one of the highest in the US, and wages should be adjusted to compensate for this. All expats working in DC must have a valid work permit for the USA.

Useful links

• USAJobs.gov – Official website for federal government jobs.
• DCJobs.com – Specialised portal for job listings in the Washington, DC area.
• Indeed and Monster list various job opportunities in Washington, DC.

Work culture in Washington, DC

While most companies follow the typical 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday work schedule, this is not always the case in DC as, for example, federal operations do not have such hours. Much of DC's population work incredibly hard and often continue their days into overtime. That said, there are companies in DC that afford a good work-life balance and a vibrant work culture, and new arrivals should do their research when applying to any company. 

Business culture in the US is incredibly individualistic. The working world rewards 'go-getters' while those who lack independence, initiative and self-reliance lag behind. Status and age are largely obsolete and instead, merit, experience and past achievement are the vehicles for advancement. New arrivals coming from societies where seniority is a consequence of social class, length of service or maturity may find acclimating to this idea especially challenging.

Washington, DC offers a variety of housing options. That said, the actual city limits are considerably smaller than most expect, and many people who move to Washington, DC for work end up living in neighbouring Virginia or Maryland. These nearby states generally offer better options for suburban family living and cheaper accommodation.

Many neighbourhoods in Washington, DC are full of students attending the assortment of nearby universities or young professionals who have recently moved to the city to start their working life. Residential family homes are usually found further out of the city centre and vary in terms of quality and price, depending on their neighbourhood and proximity to public transport.

Because property becomes more expensive closer to the city centre, commute times via car are long. Accommodation near public transportation routes, such as the bus or metro lines, is therefore highly sought-after.

Property prices and rent in Washington, DC are among the most expensive in the country. It'll likely be the most significant monthly expense for people planning to relocate there.

Areas and suburbs in Washington, DC

The city is divided into distinct areas and suburbs that cater to various lifestyles and budgets. Washington, DC has something for everyone, from the historical charm of Georgetown to the trendy atmosphere of Adams Morgan.

For young professionals, areas like Dupont Circle and Foggy Bottom provide a vibrant urban experience. Family-oriented communities can be found in areas like Chevy Chase and Capitol Hill. Those seeking luxury and high-end living might consider neighbourhoods such as Kalorama and West End.

See Areas and Suburbs in Washington, DC to learn more about the city's neighbourhoods.

Types of accommodation in Washington, DC

Apartments are the city's most common type of housing, ranging from single-room studio apartments to luxury multi-bedroom lofts and penthouses. Rent will naturally vary according to size and location, with the more expensive apartments closer to the city centre. Practically all apartment buildings are equipped with modern facilities and amenities.

Another option for new arrivals to rent in DC is townhouses, which are cheaper than single-family homes but generally have separate entrances and multiple storeys. These are often historical Victorian homes built in a row along one street, hence referred to as rowhouses.

Single-family houses are fully detached residences which may be best suited for a family, as they usually include a garden and are located away from the city centre. Despite being predominantly in the suburbs, single-family detached houses are particularly expensive.

Finding accommodation in Washington, DC

Due to limited space in the city, newcomers are advised to begin the search for accommodation as early as possible. Knowing one's price range and desired accommodation type is essential, as it will clarify the search and simplify the decision-making process. It is worth considering factors such as space requirements, amenities and proximity to shopping hubs, public transport and schools.

New arrivals may want to find a local real estate agent who understands the local area and can help identify a home suited to their requirements. If considering living in the Maryland or Virginia suburbs, new arrivals should remember that agents require separate licences to work in different states. It may therefore be necessary to employ several realtors to scout the surrounding areas thoroughly.

Renting accommodation in Washington, DC

With DC being such a small city, it follows that accommodation is in high demand. This has made housing expensive and harder to come by than in some other American cities. If a newcomer has their heart set on a place, they should act quickly, as good properties don't tend to stay on the market for long.

Making an application

As in most of the US, potential tenants will need to obtain and fill out an application form from the landlord. The application typically requires references, identity numbers, credit card information, sources of income and monthly disposable income.

Having a US bank account will act in one's favour when applying to rent accommodation in Washington, DC, especially for expats without a social security number.

The landlord may also ask for permission to have a background check performed on the applicant, including a credit and criminal record check. The applicant should also plan for a screening fee to cover the costs of the background check and verification process.

If the landlord approves, they'll contact their chosen tenant with a rental agreement. Together, they will sign a standard lease agreement.

Leases, costs and fees

The lease length in Washington, DC, typically ranges from six months to a year, though some landlords offer more flexible terms. The lease will outline the rent, security deposit, any additional fees and the tenant's and landlord's responsibilities.

Additional costs may include application fees, pet fees (if applicable), and move-in fees. Utilities such as water, gas, and electricity are usually not included in the rent and must be paid separately.

It's crucial for new arrivals to thoroughly read and understand the lease before signing, as breaking a lease can lead to financial penalties. If possible, consulting a legal expert is advised.

Read Accommodation in the USA for more on rental processes in the country.

Utilities in Washington, DC

Newcomers renting accommodation in Washington, DC, should check the conditions set out in their lease to find out the details on utilities. In some cases, the landlord may assume responsibility for utilities such as gas, electricity and water. 

Tenants will typically be expected to pay for extras like telephone services, internet and cable TV packages. New arrivals should spend some time looking into different service providers, as one can often find a good range of inclusive deals for telephone and internet services.

Electricity and gas

Electricity and gas services in Washington, DC, are competitive and provided by various companies. New tenants must set up these services in their name, choose a suitable plan, and often pay a deposit.

Comparing rates and providers online can help to find the best deal, and many suppliers offer both electricity and gas, providing an opportunity for bundled savings. Service reliability and customer support may vary between providers. Newcomers are encouraged to consult local reviews and ask neighbours for recommendations to ensure a smooth transition into their new homes.

It's essential to note the type of energy used in the property, as some buildings may rely solely on electricity. Washington, DC is also known for its green energy initiatives, and several providers offer renewable energy options.

Water

Water services in the city are managed by the DC Water and Sewer Authority. Residents receive bills every two months, and charges depend on consumption. Payment options are available online, by mail, or in person at various locations throughout the city.

New residents must typically notify the DC Water and Sewer Authority of their move-in date, and in some cases, a deposit may be required. Services include water supply and wastewater treatment, and residents can monitor their water usage online through the customer portal.

For those concerned about sustainability, the DC Water and Sewer Authority provides information about water conservation practices and offers tips to reduce usage and save on bills.

Waste management and recycling

Waste collection and recycling services in Washington, DC are provided by the Department of Public Works (DPW). Schedules vary by neighbourhood, and information about what materials can be recycled is available on the DPW website. Rubbish collection includes household rubbish, yard waste and recyclables.

Special arrangements can be made to dispose of bulky items, hazardous waste and electronics. Recycling is encouraged and supported by various programs and initiatives aiming to reduce waste and promote sustainability in the city.

The DPW also offers seasonal services like leaf and holiday tree collection. Residents are encouraged to stay informed about specific guidelines and schedules to ensure proper waste disposal and contribute to a cleaner environment.

Internet

Several companies provide internet services in Washington, DC, and selection depends on speed requirements, budget and availability in the area. Major providers include Verizon and Comcast. Internet packages vary widely, with options for high-speed connections, bundled services with TV and phone and family-friendly content filters.

Installation may require scheduling a visit from a technician, or some providers offer self-installation kits. New residents should consider the necessary internet speed for their household needs, accounting for activities such as streaming, online gaming and remote work. Special promotions and discounts are often available for new customers.

As with other utilities, it's advisable to consult local reviews and ask neighbours about their experiences with various internet providers. Customer service, reliability, and contract terms can vary, so it's essential to carefully review all details before making a decision.

Useful links

• For electricity services, consider Pepco or Constellation. 
• Gas services are available through companies like Washington Gas and Santanna Energy Services.
• For household water, see the DC Water and Sewer Authority.
• The Department of Public Works (DPW) manages waste in the city.
• Comcast and Verizon are well-known ISPs in the country.

The best places to live in Washington, DC

The capital offers a range of accommodation options. There's a variety of areas and suburbs in Washington, DC, to suit every lifestyle, from those wanting to experience the buzz of city living to those preferring a quiet life in the leafy suburbs. Where a new arrival chooses to live in DC ultimately depends on their lifestyle preferences and budget.

Areas close to the city centre, such as Adams Morgan and Georgetown, are perfect for young professionals and students. Meanwhile, Dupont Circle and Anacostia are ideal for those moving with a family to Washington, DC.

As a result of the city's unique location and proximity to the neighbouring states of Virginia and Maryland, newcomers will find that it's even possible to live outside of DC and commute to work in the city daily.

Young and trendy areas of Washington, DC

Washington, DC has a fairly large student population, and plenty of young graduates flock to the capital to start their careers. There are lots of areas close to the city centre that cater well for this demographic.

New bars, eateries and trendy fashion boutiques are constantly springing up to serve the younger market. Rent tends to be pricey close to the city centre, and these areas are most suitable for those with a higher disposable income.

Adams Morgan

Close to the city centre, Adams Morgan is a cosmopolitan part of DC that has traditionally been popular with expat communities hailing from Central America, North Africa and the Caribbean. 

Despite the gentrification and the construction of high-cost housing complexes, Adams Morgan retains a robust multicultural atmosphere. This is evident in the diverse range of international shops and eateries that can be found in the area. 

There are numerous rental options in this neighbourhood. This area is popular for young professionals as it's close to most workplaces in the city centre. It's also a lively nightlife spot and home to some of DC's top nightclubs and bars. The area is served well by public transport, as it has several subway stations in close proximity.

Georgetown

Georgetown is a historic area in northwest DC and is known for great shopping, nightlife and dining options. This neighbourhood is characterised by old houses, cobbled streets and trolley tracks, which are all part of Georgetown's historic charm.

Georgetown is located close to the Potomac River. It's common to see residents walking, jogging and cycling along the canal path. The fact that this area is also home to Georgetown University means that there is a large student population and always plenty going on in terms of entertainment, sporting events and lectures. The area is also home to many foreign embassies, making it a popular neighbourhood for newcomers working in the diplomatic sector.

Family-friendly neighbourhoods of Washington, DC

Each year, large numbers of people are transferred to Washington, DC through companies that allow them to bring their families along. The city is a great place to set up a family home. 

Washington, DC, has some of the USA's top schools and universities. For those moving there with children, being close to good schools will undoubtedly be a priority.

Dupont Circle

This is a choice neighbourhood in which to set up a home as a new family in Washington, DC. Dupont Circle offers many different accommodation options, from large apartment communities to spacious family homes and condos. The area is suitable for a variety of people, from young professionals to those with growing families. 

The neighbourhood has a vibrant entertainment scene, and people come to Dupont Circle from all over DC to eat at some of the city's top restaurants. The neighbourhood also has many coffee shops, bookshops and art galleries.

Dupont Circle has a strong community spirit; residents are often seen relaxing, playing chess or walking their dogs in the grassy circle. Solid public transport links make it easy to travel anywhere in DC from Dupont Circle.

Due to the popularity of this area, however, rent is high. 

Anacostia

Anacostia is a previously neglected residential neighbourhood that lies alongside the Anacostia River in southeast Washington, DC.

Anacostia is popular with families because of its proximity to some of DC's best schools and the availability of spacious housing. It is also a viable option for those who prefer to be further away from the hustle and bustle of the city or those on a tight budget. Getting around DC from Anacostia is easy, as there are regular Metrorail services to the city centre.

Outside Washington, DC

For those who work in Washington, DC but prefer a quieter suburban life, living in nearby Virginia or Maryland is also an option.

New arrivals will find that certain parts of these neighbouring states are well-connected to Washington, DC, by both road networks and public transport.

Rockville and Bethesda

Owing to their proximity to the capital, the suburbs of Rockville and Bethesda (located in Montgomery County in the state of Maryland) have become popular spots for those working in DC. Rockville and Bethesda have diverse populations and offer a variety of housing options, from high-rise condos to modern family homes.

Rockville is only a 25-minute drive from Washington, DC's city centre and is well-placed on the I-270. Bethesda is located a 20-minute drive from DC and is connected to the capital by the I-495. Both areas are also well served by public transport. 

While rental costs are not cheap in Rockville or Bethesda, many newcomers choose to live in these areas because the properties tend to be more spacious. In addition, these areas are located close to several good schools.

Alexandria

Alexandria, Virginia, is an independent city located just seven miles (11km) south of Washington, DC. It's a charming area steeped in history, and there are many old buildings, churches and museums here. While the area doesn't have the buzz of Georgetown or Adams Morgan, Alexandria does have a fair number of good restaurants and entertainment facilities.

This city is well located on major roads such as the I-95, I-395 and Route 1. When it comes to public transport, bus services link the city to Washington, DC.

Washington, DC, offers a high standard of healthcare, but as with all American cities, it's important to have medical insurance. Long-term care can be denied to those without proper medical insurance, although all DC hospitals are required to administer emergency care. The cost of treatment is extremely high, and without insurance, the payment of these costs falls to the individual.

Many of DC's best hospitals are teaching hospitals connected to the city's top universities. Residents of the greater metro area can also find quality medical care in the neighbouring states of Maryland and Virginia. There are also plenty of pharmacies across the city, with many open 24/7.

Below is a list of some of the most reputable hospitals in Washington, DC, and its surrounding areas.

Hospitals in Washington, DC

George Washington University Hospital

Website: www.gwhospital.com
Address: 900 23rd Street NW, Washington DC

Holy Cross Hospital

Website: www.holycrosshealth.org
Address: 1500 Forest Glen Road, Silver Spring, Maryland

Inova Fairfax Hospital

Website: www.inova.org
Address: 8110 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, Virginia

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Website: www.hopkinsmedicine.org
Address: 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 

Mary Washington Hospital

Website: www.marywashingtonhealthcare.com
Address: 1001 Sam Perry Boulevard, Fredericksburg, Virginia

Washington, DC boasts a variety of schooling options, including public, charter, private and international schools. Expats are eligible to attend every type of school, though those opting for a public school may find their choices limited based on their neighbourhood of residence.

Being the capital of the United States, DC offers some of the best education in the country. It's also home to world-class tertiary institutions like the internationally acclaimed Georgetown University.

Nevertheless, public elementary and secondary schools have faced challenges regarding funding and staffing. This has led to inconsistent quality among schools, which frequently correlates with the average income level of the surrounding area.

Maryland and Virginia, while extremely close to DC, have separate respective school systems.

Public schools in Washington, DC

District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) governs all traditional public schools in Washington, DC. Public schools accept students based primarily on their location of residence. New arrivals should, therefore, consider carefully where they settle in the city.

While there are public schools that are not up to the standards offered in other major US cities, the city does have some public schools that are among the most reputable in the country. Parents who wish to send their child to a public school should find out where the best schools in the city are located and make sure to find a home in one of these areas. 

Charter schools

New arrivals can also send their children to charter schools in Washington, DC, which function independently of government administration despite being publicly funded. Such schools are run by the District of Columbia Public Charter School Board and have more flexible academic programmes than traditional public schools, although they uphold the state curriculum.

Charter schools have grown in popularity over the past decade, mainly due to the perceived flaws of the traditional public schooling system. That said, they too can be inconsistent in quality, and many have been closed down in the past for failing to maintain sufficient standards. Parents can rest assured, however, that the remaining ones tend to offer a higher education standard than traditional public schools. 

Competition for a place at a charter school can be pretty high. If more students apply than there is space available, a lottery is held to determine who is admitted. 

Private schools in Washington, DC

Many newcomers opt to send their children to private schools in Washington, DC. Such schools have complete control over their curricula. As such, it's recommended that parents familiarise themselves thoroughly with an institution before enrolling their children. The Association of Independent Schools of Greater Washington is a collection of accredited private schools in the DC area, providing parents with a way to determine a suitable establishment. 

Tuition fees vary considerably among private schools in DC and depend on numerous factors, such as location and the school's financial endowment. Although this is undoubtedly a pricier option than public school, there are significant perks such as high-quality teachers, effective services and a low teacher-to-student ratio.

International schools in Washington, DC

There are two primary candidates for parents looking to enrol their children in an international school in Washington, DC: Washington International School and the British School of Washington. Both of these institutions offer the International Baccalaureate Programme.

International schools are considerably pricier than other schooling options. Still, they're ideal for families who aren't planning to be in Washington, DC, for an extended period or for children moving from an international school in another country. International schools will provide a more familiar environment, interaction with other expat children, and continuity with their previous curriculum.

Thanks to the city's large expat community, particularly within the diplomatic sector, demand for international schools in Washington, DC is high. Parents are advised to apply as soon as possible to secure a place for their children.

Special-needs education in Washington, DC

Washington, DC has a system of inclusion in place for children with learning and developmental difficulties. DCPS aims to uphold this and provide quality inclusive education and special-needs services to assist students with disabilities with their academic outcomes. That said, as public schools vary in quality, this may not always be the best option. Most private and international schools also offer extra assistance and services to provide the best schooling possible for children with special educational needs.

In cases where a child's disability is too severe for mainstream schooling, there are special-needs schools they can attend. River Terrace is Washington, DC's public school designed for children requiring high levels of support. Alternatively, there are several such private schools in the city. 

Tutors in Washington, DC

Whether a child has fallen behind in maths class or needs additional support to excel in their college entrance exams, there are plenty of private tutors in Washington, DC.

It's wise to start by asking the child's school or other local parents for a recommendation. Alternatively, one could utilise the services of established tutoring companies. These companies offer various packages, from subject-specific intensive programmes to one-on-one home tuition. 

Enlisting the services of a private tutor is an excellent opportunity for students to address gaps in their knowledge, excel at a particular subject, or simply build confidence in their new environment.

Useful links

• Ampleforth Tutoring Services – Professional tutoring in various subjects for all age groups.
• Tutor Me Education – Customised one-on-one home tuition and online tutoring.
• Wyzant – Platform to find local tutors in DC.
• Care.com – Search for private tutors based on specific needs and location.
• DC Afterschool Programs – Information about afterschool programs, including tutoring, in Washington, DC.

The lifestyle in Washington, DC reflects the city's vibrant population. As a city that serves as a hub for politicians, lobbyists and professionals, DC has cultivated a lively social scene. The city offers an enviable lifestyle that provides a broad array of leisure activities for locals and expats alike, contributing to the unique cultural fabric of the city.

New arrivals in Washington can enjoy a wide enough range of entertainment venues, shops, activities and eateries to satiate their own unique cultural appetite while enjoying all the city has to offer.

Shopping in Washington, DC

Shopping is a key activity in Washington, DC. The city's oldest neighbourhood, Georgetown, hosts several designer boutiques, and new arrivals can enjoy a scenic shopping and dining experience at picturesque local retail centres such as Georgetown Park and the Washington Harbor.

Newcomers should drop in at the Georgetown Flea Market to browse its selection of antiques, jewellery, books, rugs, toys and linens. They could also head to Penn Quarter and Chinatown for a similar selection.

Another great shopping area is the Dupont Circle neighbourhood. It's full of bookshops, designer boutiques, and vintage shops. Those exploring the area can also enjoy the FRESHFARM Market.

Eating out in Washington, DC

Those looking to grab something to eat in Washington, DC, are spoilt for choice. Being an ethnically diverse capital city, DC has a wide variety of restaurants and cafés catering to local and international tastes and a range of budgets.

For the more enthusiastic foodies, the city hosts some vibrant food festivals throughout the year. Those wanting sizzling summer sustenance can check out the National Capital Barbecue Battle, while others may enjoy familiarising themselves with the culinary elite at the annual Taste of Georgetown festival.

Nightlife in Washington, DC

Outdoor activities in Washington, DC

There are many parks throughout Washington, DC that are usually bustling with happy families, doting romantics and chatty picnickers. Such parks are an ideal place to get away, enjoy the fresh air and throw a Frisbee around.

DC is also one of the most bike-friendly cities in the US, with many exclusive bicycle lanes and trails that elevate cycling to a perfectly valid form of eco-friendly transportation.

The city also caters to sports enthusiasts of all types, with frequent opportunities to spectate not only baseball and American football games but also soccer, rugby, tennis, ice hockey and even lacrosse. The city boasts numerous major sports stadiums, such as the RFK Stadium and National Park, which host weekly matches for the city's various professional teams.

For new arrivals looking to play sports in Washington, DC there are plenty of health and fitness centres in and around the city that offer sporting facilities.

Although the outdoor activities within the city area itself may seem somewhat limited to especially adventurous new arrivals, the many idyllic camping and hiking spots in neighbouring Maryland and Virginia should be more than enough consolation.

There are plenty of iconic sights and must-see attractions in Washington, DC. While those living there on a more permanent basis will likely grow used to the grandeur of statues and public buildings that rightfully impress tourists, the city's world-class museums are undoubtedly worth repeat visits. Here's a list of the best things to see and do in Washington, DC.

Recommended sightseeing in Washington, DC

National Mall

The National Mall is a national park in the heart of the city. It constitutes a tree-lined strip stretching two miles (3km) from the US Capitol to the Lincoln Memorial and is surrounded by many of DC's key attractions and monuments.

US Capitol Building

The US Capitol Building is DC's most popular landmark and is home to the US government. It contains the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Supreme Court and one of the three branches of the Library of Congress – the largest library in the world. The building is open to the public for tours. 

White House

The White House has been the residence and administrative headquarters of every President of the United States since 1800. Tours are available and provide a fascinating insight into the House's previous inhabitants.

Washington Monument

Located at the National Mall, this tributary obelisk is one of the tallest masonry structures in the world and offers excellent views of the city from the gallery.

Lincoln Memorial

Built in the Greek style as a tribute to the fathers of American democracy, the Lincoln Memorial salutes the 16th US president, Abraham Lincoln. A number of important marches and speeches have taken place here, including Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech.

Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution is the world's largest museum, education and research complex. It's made up of 19 museums and galleries of unparalleled quality, as well as a zoo. Receiving approximately 30 million visitors a year, this attraction is a must-see.

National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art is the most popular art museum in North America and houses one of the world's leading collections of artworks. Art buffs and casual visitors alike will enjoy taking in the work of many of history's most renowned artists, such as Van Gogh, Picasso, Monet and more.

US Holocaust Memorial Museum

This museum is rated as one of the city's best museums and is dedicated to studying and remembering the atrocities perpetrated by the Nazis on Jews during and around the WWII era. The museum is open six days a week and is free to visit. 

The life of Martin Luther King Jr is honoured annually in January, the month of his birthday. A number of commemorative events take place around the city on the third Monday in January. Events include a wreath-laying service at the Martin Luther King Memorial and a parade. The day is also designated as a national day of community service.

St Patrick's Day Parade (March)

Washington, DC's version of this famous event is a family day out to celebrate the unique culture of Ireland. Expect dancers, singers, Irish music, marching bands, pipe bands and floats.

National Cherry Blossom Festival Parade (April)

The annual Cherry Blossom Festival Parade is a fun and colourful event that takes place along Constitution Avenue. Floats, marching bands and celebrity performers put on a grand spectacle of music and entertainment to celebrate spring.

Smithsonian Folklife Festival (July)

This unique Washington DC tradition is the city's largest annual cultural event, attracting around a million people a year. The festival aims to celebrate the heritage of different states and regions as well as international communities. Attendees can enjoy music and dance performances, storytelling, exhibitions, and delicious tastings of traditional foods.

National Independence Day Parade (July)

Washington, DC is the ultimate place to celebrate the Fourth of July in America. The city comes alive with a huge and impressive parade, numerous music performances, arts-and-crafts festivals, a famous evening performance by the National Symphony Orchestra on the steps of the Capitol Building and, of course, a massive fireworks display.

National Book Festival (August/September)

The National Book Festival is an annual celebration of literature involving a full day of book signings, performances, a poetry slam, and select film screenings. This festival is an excellent place for new arrivals to feed their literary appetite and broaden their cultural understanding of the United States through representatives from across the country showcasing books from their states.

National Christmas Tree and Pageant of Peace (December)

This unique festival celebrates the holiday season amidst decorated trees all around the White House Ellipse, pluus a Santa's Workshop and musical performances from bands, choirs and dancers. The celebration includes a National Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony, in which the president turns on the decorative lights and ushers in Christmas festivity across the country.

Those moving to Washington, DC, will surely have queries and concerns about their soon-to-be new home. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions and answers about life in the US capital.

How do I find cheap accommodation in Washington, DC?

Although the cost of renting property is very high in DC, it can also be easier to find affordable short-term rentals at certain times of the year. There's a large student population in DC that usually vacates for the summer. Sub-letting apartments over university holidays is a cheap means of first renting apartments in the city. Universities also often rent out unused student housing during the summer months. 

Alternatively, choosing to live outside of the city centre will decrease accommodation prices. Towns on the border of Virginia and Maryland are also an option for those working in DC but looking for cheaper rentals and don't mind a lengthy commute. 

What is the job market like in DC?

The largest employer in Washington, DC, is the US government, but there are also opportunities in sectors like defence contracting, lobbying, non-profit organisations and publishing. The service industry is also thriving, and new arrivals may be able to find a job in education, hospitality, healthcare, or finance. 

Is it safe in Washington, DC?

Unfortunately, more crime occurs in Washington, DC, than might be expected of the capital of the US. This is largely due to the unequal distribution of wealth in the city. Safety precautions, as taken in any cosmopolitan centre, should be used to minimise risks. Newcomers should be vigilant when taking the metro late at night. 

What is the weather like in DC?

The summer months of July and August get extremely humid, with temperatures hovering around 86°F (30°C). Winters are coldest during December and January, when temperatures can drop to freezing. There's also occasional snowfall during this time. Spring and autumn, on the other hand, bring lovely, warm weather to Washington, DC, and are the favourite times of the year for visitors to the city. 

Washington, DC is home to one of the USA's most active populations, with many of the capital's residents choosing to walk or cycle to work if they live close to the city centre. The city does, however, have a solid public transport network to assist commuters, which includes various train and bus services.

New arrivals will find that most places in the city centre are located close to one another and sometimes walking, rather than driving or taking public transport, can actually be the quickest way to get somewhere.

Public transport in Washington, DC

Washington, DC's public transport network consists of train and bus services. This network is operated on an integrated ticketing system, which covers all modes of transport.

SmarTrip card

New arrivals who intend to travel in and around DC via public transport will need a SmarTrip card, which can be purchased online or at a station. The card can be used on the Metrorail as well as on the Metrobus and DC Circulator. It's also possible to load flat-rate passes onto the card, which gives commuters an unlimited number of trips within a certain period. Otherwise, SmarTrip cards can be topped up online, at any Metro station and at selected stores in the city.

For information about purchasing and using a SmarTrip card, visit WMATA SmarTrip.

Metrorail

The Metrorail lies at the heart of Washington, DC's public transport network. This system consists of six colour-coded lines, which run primarily underground to serve downtown, and overground to some of Washington's surrounding suburbs. The Metrorail operates until midnight daily and starts at 5am, 7am or 8am, depending on the day of the week.

While DC's metro is clean, safe and user-friendly, commuters often complain about the irregularity of services caused primarily by track maintenance and periodic breakdowns.

For maps and schedules of Metrorail, visit WMATA Maps and Schedules.

DC Circulator

Washington, DC's bus system is helpful for commuters as it allows them to reach destinations not covered by the city's metro system.

The DC Circulator buses are shuttle services that operate on six fixed routes and follow a specific schedule. These shuttles primarily connect the main areas in the city centre with some popular residential neighbourhoods. The shuttles run approximately every 10 or 15 minutes.

For details on DC Circulator routes and schedules, visit DC Circulator.

Metrobus

DC's Metrobus service consists of hundreds of routes that cover the greater DC area and serves areas that commuters can't reach using the Metrorail or DC Circulator services. These buses operate daily, beginning in the early morning until 11pm or 1am on weekends, while specific late-night buses operate through the night on certain routes.

For information about Metrobus services, visit WMATA Metrobus.

Taxis in Washington, DC

There are a considerable number of cab companies to choose from in Washington, DC and taxis can be paid for with either cash or card. Taxis use a metered fare system and can be hailed on the street or ordered over the phone. Drivers are required to take passengers anywhere within the Metropolitan area of DC, but most drivers are reluctant to travel to Maryland and Virginia.

Ride-share services like Uber and Lyft also operate in Washington, DC. These services can be cheaper than using a regular taxi, and new arrivals will have the advantage of knowing the fare beforehand.

Cycling in Washington, DC

The residents of DC love to cycle, and new arrivals will find that cycling is a great way to get around the city.

The city has an excellent bike-sharing system. The Capital Bikeshare network consists of more than 6,100 bicycles that can be picked up and dropped off at any one of the 600 docking stations across the city.

The government has taken steps to make Washington, DC, more cyclist-friendly by increasing the number of dedicated cycle lanes as well as the amount of safe bicycle storage facilities. This has certainly paid off as the city was named a "Gold" Bicycle Friendly Community in 2018, and it is currently the third most bike-friendly city in the US. Bicycles can also be brought onto both the Metrorail and Metrobuses in DC.

Useful links

• For information about the Capital Bikeshare network, visit Capital Bikeshare
• For details on cycling lanes and rules in Washington, DC, visit the DDOT Bicycle Program

Driving in Washington, DC

Driving in Washington, DC is something that's best avoided wherever possible. With the many exceptional alternatives available, the majority of the capital's residents opt to use public transport or cycle to work rather than driving, especially in the city centre.

Those who decide to drive in Washington, DC will find that parking is expensive and hard to find. Traffic is also routinely congested, and navigation is made complex by the one-way roads dotting the city centre.

Visitors can drive on their valid out-of-state driving licence for 30 to 60 days, but once they've established residency in DC, they're typically required to convert to a DC driving licence. The city has reciprocity agreements with many countries, meaning that expats from those countries can easily exchange their foreign licence for a DC licence without taking the road test, provided they meet other requirements. It's essential to check with the Washington DC DMV to see if their country has such an agreement.

Those from non-English-speaking countries without a reciprocal agreement will likely need to pass the DC driving tests to obtain a driving licence. If the foreign driving licence is not in English, it's a good practice to also carry an International Driving Permit (IDP) alongside the original licence when driving. The IDP provides a translation of licence details. It's worth noting that while an International Driving Permit is recognised and can aid in translating non-English licences, it isn't a replacement for a valid driving licence.

Useful links

• For information on parking in Washington, DC, visit DDOT ParkDC
• For traffic updates and road conditions, visit 511 Virginia
• For information on driver's licensing and vehicle registration, visit the Washington DC DMV