With one foot in Europe and the other in Asia, Istanbul is a cultural capital with bustling markets, stunning royal palaces and minarets, and modern art and entertainment. Expats moving to Istanbul will experience a vibrant place where many traditions intermingle to form a city that captivates the senses. 

Living in Istanbul as an expat

Owing to the relatively high unemployment rate in Turkey, expats in Istanbul may discover that finding a job can be a challenge, as many sectors are unable to employ foreigners but must reserve jobs for locals. That said, English speakers can usually find employment in teaching positions or the tourism sector. 

There are plenty of options for accommodation in Istanbul on both the Asian and European sides of the city. While the European side tends to be pricier, the majority of expats in Istanbul live in this part of the city. That said, expats can find a home that suits their needs and budget on either bank of the Bosporus. When choosing an area and suburb in Istanbul, expats must be aware that some areas in the city are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes, so they should heed government safety warnings in the event of a quake. 

Istanbul has a lively nightlife, accentuated by some upmarket restaurants and even trendier nightclubs. There are also numerous modern shopping malls and markets to entice avid shoppers. Most notably, Istanbul is home to the Grand Bazaar, which boasts more than 4,000 shops and is surrounded by a maze of streets lined with even more shops.

Expats in Istanbul will hardly find themselves bored. The public transport system in Istanbul is efficient and highly affordable, making it easy to explore the city and its famed historic sites. There is also an abundance of nearby villages and towns that offer the chance for weekend escapes from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Cost of living in Istanbul

Compared to the rest of Turkey, the cost of living in Istanbul is expensive. Petrol prices are exceptionally high compared to Europe and the US, as is imported alcohol. In fact, most branded imported items will be costly due to high import duties. That said, for daily groceries, medical care and domestic help, Istanbul is cheaper than most Western countries.

Families and children in Istanbul

Education is another expense that expats with children will have to consider when moving to Turkey. Most expats choose to send their children to international schools, which generally offer a superior education to the local public schools in Istanbul, but this comes at a price.

Parents looking for a way to entertain their children in Istanbul will not have to look much further than the child-friendly interactive museums and science centres in the city. VIALAND Tema Park is perfect for a day of fun, and a trip to the Princes' Islands will get the whole family out and enjoying the sunshine. 

Climate in Istanbul

Expats in Istanbul will be blessed with the best of every season each year. They will not have to travel far to get to the ski slopes during the cold winters, and the city itself may be coated in a blanket of snow from time to time. Springs bring a riot of colour as the tulips bloom throughout the city during this time of the year, while summers are hot and humid and lead into mild autumns. 

Expats moving to Istanbul will discover a city exploding with culture and history. While they may experience some initial culture shock, they will also be met with welcoming locals and a lively lifestyle in this bustling metropolis. An effort to embrace the city with all its quirks will soon have expats calling Istanbul home.  

Istanbul has four distinct seasons. The winter months (December to February) are cold and rainy, and the city is known to get snow that can sometimes be heavy enough to justify schools being closed. Spring, beginning in March, can be exceptionally wet, but it also brings a riot of colour as flowers bloom throughout the city. June ushers in summer, which is hot and humid enough to make an air conditioner extremely useful during this time of the year. Autumn in Istanbul, from September to November, is mild.
 

Istanbul sits at a crossroads of cultures and civilisations, an iconic Mediterranean city which bridges the continents of Europe and Asia. Originally founded as Byzantium in 657 BCE, the city blends both ancient history and progressive modernisation, making it a popular expat destination. It enjoys a storied history with periods of both Christian and Islamic influence, resulting in a melting pot of cultures, backgrounds and religions.

As with every city, there are ups and downs that come with living in Istanbul, so we've put together a list of pros and cons to moving to this Turkish city. 

Lifestyle in Istanbul

+ PRO: Rich in history

Because of its prime strategic position along the Bosporus River, Istanbul has been a hub of trade and industry throughout the centuries. Serving as the seat of power both for the Eastern Roman Empire and later the Ottoman Empire, history and culture pervade its buildings and peoples. Expats will marvel at the epic glory of the Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque, and be entranced by the magic of the Basilica Cistern. The Hippodrome of Constantinople harks back to ancient times, while the medieval stone Galata Tower in the old quarter dominates the skyline.

+ PRO: Fun in the sun

Beyond Istanbul's history, there are plenty of other attractions that make the city special. Among the most popular of these are the famed Bosporus cruises and yacht expeditions, a few of which travel far up the river to the Black Sea. A trip to the Princes’ Islands, a quick ferry ride away, is the perfect antidote for those tired of the hustle and bustle, with horses and bicycles the only permitted ways to get around these quiet and relaxed islands.

- CON: A few culture shocks

There are several culture shocks in Istanbul to be aware of. English is not widespread, so it might be wise to brush up on a few basic Turkish phrases. The city has a more relaxed approach to timekeeping than expats might be used to, and things tend to be less organised. Locals can be extremely friendly and engaging, to the point where some Westerners might see it as intrusive.

Cost of living in Istanbul

+ PRO: Quality of life isn’t detrimental on the wallet

It’s easy, and quite affordable, to enjoy a high quality of life in Istanbul, due to its relatively low cost of living. Supermarkets are good places to do grocery shopping, but expats in Istanbul will no doubt enjoy the quality ingredients and products found in the city’s famous covered markets, such as the Grand Bazaar. Restaurants and cafés in the low to middle tiers are relatively cheap and great value for money.

+ PRO: The choice is yours

Generally, accommodation is only slightly pricier on the European side of town than on the Asian side across the river. Apartments with two or more rooms are available with good facilities and utilities. Household costs are pleasantly affordable in regular Turkish neighbourhoods, while it’s far costlier to stay in expat compounds.

- CON: Paying for your sins

Because of high taxes, alcohol and cigarettes are quite expensive. Electronic goods are also on the pricey side, so expats should try to make sure they bring along whatever they may need.

Working in Istanbul

- CON: Challenging job market

Working in Istanbul as an expat can be quite challenging. While the city is the centre of international relations and employment in Turkey, the state restricts the hiring of foreigners in various fields. Legal, medicinal, veterinary, dental and pharmaceutical positions, among others, are not available to international workers. There is, however, a demand for teaching English as a foreign language, as well as English speakers in the tourism sector.

Education in Istanbul

+ PRO: Lots of international schools

There are numerous international schools in Istanbul, so expat families will enjoy a healthy choice. Most follow either the International Baccalaureate programme or the Council of International Schools system. Languages of instruction include English, French, Turkish and Russian.

- CON: Cost of private tuition

Tuition at these international institutions is high. Turkish state schools, on the other hand, are free and allow kids to mix with and befriend local children – but the language of instruction is Turkish.

Getting around in Istanbul

+ PRO: Good public transport

Public transport in Istanbul is pretty efficient and affordable. An Istanbulkart allows fare payment on services such as buses, ferries and trains.

+ PRO: Location, location, location

Istanbul sits on prime real estate when it comes to air travel. Situated on the doorstep of three continents, the city is but a quick hop from a vast array of destinations in Europe, Asia and Africa.

- CON: Terrible traffic

Traffic in Istanbul has been rated as among the worst in the world. Expats averse to using public transport can use taxis but, as in many major cities all over the world, drivers will often try to shortchange foreigners. BiTaksi is a useful ride-hailing app, with payment by card available, while Uber also operates in the city.

Weather in Istanbul

+ PRO: Something for everyone

Istanbul has distinct seasons, so expats won’t have to worry about prolonged periods of hot or cold weather. But the city is perhaps most enjoyable in spring and summer. This also means Istanbul's numerous historical attractions and museums are enjoyable come rain or shine.

Istanbul is a large, sprawling city, and it can be overwhelming for new arrivals seeking accommodation. Most expats looking for accommodation in Istanbul tend to choose the areas on the European side of the city, although there are also plenty of housing options on the Asian side.

Areas and suburbs in Istanbul

Istanbul boasts a whopping 39 districts, with the European side claiming 25 and the Asian side hosting the remaining nine. All new arrivals in Istanbul can find a neighbourhood perfectly suited to their needs, lifestyle and budget. 

Young professionals and singles who want to be close to their workplaces while having quick access to some of Istanbul's trendiest restaurants, attractions and nightlife spots should consider neighbourhoods in the Beşiktaş district. Beşiktaş, Arnavutköy, Ortaköy and Levent are some of the most beautiful and popular neighbourhoods in the Beşiktaş district, but accommodation in these suburbs comes at a premium. The Beyoğlu district is also an excellent base for young expats, boasting lively cafés, restaurants and bookshops. 

Şişli is a central district that caters for both young professionals and families alike. The district is home to diverse neighbourhoods, such as Teşvikiye, Nişantaşı, Esentepe and Gayrettepe, that have exceptional public transport links. Located on the Asian side of Istanbul, Kadıköy is a peaceful waterfront district that is typically home to retirees and families. 

Expat families who have a few bucks to spend and are looking to enjoy seaside living will love the Sarıyer districts. It is perched on the northern tip of Istanbul, and the accommodation here generally comes in the form of luxury villas, but if expats search hard enough, they can also find budget options. 

See Areas and Suburbs in Istanbul for more detailed information on the city's different neighbourhoods. 

Types of accommodation in Istanbul 

There are numerous accommodation options in Istanbul, including apartments, houses, condominiums and luxury villas. The price of property in the city varies according to the type and quality of the residence, as well as its location, age, and whether it has parking facilities. 

There are options for furnished and unfurnished apartments and houses in Istanbul. Many expats choose to live in housing estates, which are becoming increasingly common. 

Finding property in Istanbul

There are many online property portals that cater to all budgets and tastes. There are also many real-estate agencies (emlak) throughout Istanbul. Some of these specialise in the expat market, which is useful in limiting language barrier issues.

Traffic congestion can be a real problem in Istanbul. Expats should, therefore, consider the proximity of their house or apartment to public transport and the distance they will have to travel to get to work. 

Renting accommodation in Istanbul

Most landlords and estate agents will not be able to speak English, and most rental agreements are written in Turkish. It's therefore best that expats have a trusted friend or colleague who speaks Turkish to accompany them on their house hunt.

Leases, fees and deposits

Leases in Istanbul are usually signed for a year, and a deposit equivalent to one or two months' rent is typically required to secure the property. An agency fee will also need to be paid if working through an agent.

To rent property in Istanbul, expats may need to provide a few documents, such as their passport, a letter from their employer and proof of income. Other documents may also be requested, depending on the landlord or agent.

Read Accommodation in Turkey to learn more about national rental processes. 

Utilities

Utilities, including water, gas and electricity, are normally included in the rental price for short-term leases, while long-term rentals may require tenants to pay for their own utilities. This is often dependent on the landlord and may be negotiable. Expats renting in Istanbul will find that the utilities for most accommodation will be pre-registered in the name of the landlord and that it is the responsibility of the tenant to settle the bill monthly.

Household services are widely available in Istanbul at a generally cheaper cost than in the West. Both Turkish and Filipino domestic cleaners are commonly available. Although Filipino domestic cleaners typically charge higher prices, as they are more likely to speak English.

Electricity and gas

Turkey's energy market is deregulated, meaning there are many companies supplying electricity in the country. Istanbul's main suppliers are Electricity Generation Company (EÜAŞ), Istanbul Energy and CK Energy. There are different companies supplying the Asian and European sides of Istanbul. For gas, customers rely on state-owned Istanbul Gaz Dağıtım (IGDAŞ). 

If expats need to transfer accounts to their name, it's best to visit the local branch of their supplier with their proof of identity, earthquake insurance policy, meter number, rental contract copy and statement of registered residency. It's recommended that expats take a Turkish-speaking friend or colleague to assist them with the process, as most branches will not have English-speaking services. 

Water

Officially, the drinking water in Istanbul is perfectly safe to drink, but most locals and expats choose to drink bottled water as tap water has a strong chemical taste. The drinking water in Istanbul largely comes from surface water collections stored in reservoirs and dams.

The Istanbul Water and Sewage Administration (ISKI) purifies and distributes water throughout the city, and expats can visit their website or a local office to transfer the subscription contract to their name. Like electricity and gas, expats must submit their meter number, rental contract, population registration code and current meter reading online or in person. 

Internet and telephone

Setting up a landline telephone is an easy process, as is buying mobile pre-paid SIM cards, but only Turkish residents can get mobile phone contracts unless they are provided by their company. 

Most companies will help expats arrange telephone connections. This is useful as telephone company agents might not speak English. When dialling within Istanbul, remember that the prefix for the European side is 0212 and for the Asian side is 0216. This must be dialled before the number when calling from one side to the other.

Bins and recycling

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is responsible for waste management in the city. The municipality provides large dumpsters for residents to use for curbside collection on demarcated days in different neighbourhoods. Istanbul is still developing its recycling practices, but the city has several recycling depots across its districts where residents can drop off their recyclable materials. Residents are also encouraged to sort and separate their waste before leaving it in the municipal rubbish bins. 

Most housing estates and apartment blocks will have a kapıcı or doorman. In most cases, the kapıcı acts as the handyman and will collect the rubbish and take care of minor repairs. The drawback is that expats will be hard-pressed to find a kapıcı who speaks English. Therefore, most expats will need to rely on secretaries or other office staff to translate for them in their initial days in Istanbul.

Useful links

• Expats can visit EÜAŞ, Istanbul Energy, CK Energy and IGDAŞ's websites to learn more about connecting electricity and paying their bills in Istanbul. 
• ISKI has more on water connections, fault reporting and bill payments. 
• Residents can contact Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality to learn more about their neighbourhoods' rubbish collection days. 

The best places to live in Istanbul

There are many suitable areas and suburbs in Istanbul that have appealing accommodation options for expats. Many expats live in gated apartment complexes consisting of a collection of apartment blocks, or they live in houses in suburban gated communities called siteler.

Factors to consider when selecting an area include proximity to work and schools, commute distance and access to basic amenities. Below is an overview of Istanbul's most popular areas and suburbs for expats.

Central Istanbul

Etiler, Ulus, Levent, Ortaköy 

These neighbourhoods are in the Beşiktaş district, on the European side of Istanbul, and spread out over the hills above the Bosphorus. Depending on which side a house faces, expats can find a home with amazing Bosphorus views.

The area is central and is home to many shops and restaurants, and these neighbourhoods have become popular with expats. There is a wide variety of luxury housing available, including both villas and apartments. Naturally, accommodation in these neighbourhoods goes for a premium, so expats are encouraged to budget well. 

Nişantaşı, Teşvikiye, Esentepe, Gayrettepe and Mecidiyeköy

Nişantaşı and Teşvikiye are located in Şişli, a fashionable shopping district in Istanbul containing several older apartment blocks, most without Bosphorus views. These neighbourhoods usually attract elites and celebrities, while Esentepe and Gayrettepe are typically home to middle-class families. Students often live in Mecidiyeköy, as this neighbourhood is also quite central. That said, apartments tend to be smaller and sometimes have no pools, gardens or elevators.

Bosphorus villages on the European side of Istanbul

Bebek, Kuruçeşme, Arnavutköy, Rumelihisarı

These are the more central Bosphorus neighbourhoods. If expats want to be on the waterfront, they will need to live in apartments. These tend to be expensive, especially since they are in a premium location along the Bosphorus.

Emirgan, Yeniköy, Tarabya 

Located in the Sarıyer district, Emirgan, Yeniköy and Tarabya are further north along the Bosphorus shore but are no less exclusive. There are large waterfront villas, pretty tree-lined streets, cafés and beautiful views. Most waterfront housing is not available for rent, and if it is, it will be exorbitantly priced. That said, there are several housing complexes in the hills above the coastal road with panoramic views of the Bosphorus. 

Suburbs on the European side of Istanbul

Kemerburgaz

Kemerburgaz is a 20- to 30-minute drive northwest of central Istanbul. Although the area has recently undergone development, it is still quiet and lush with leafy green foliage. Decent hospitals, supermarkets and shops can also be found in the area. 

There are many housing complexes and gated communities in Kemerburgaz, as well as apartments. This is an ideal location for those who want to be out of the city but still want to be a commutable distance away.

Alkent 2000

Alkent 2000 is a large and prestigious gated community located about an hour's drive west of central Istanbul. The estate boasts sporting facilities, supermarket options and malls nearby. Although it is quite a commute from central Istanbul, it is close to renowned private and international schools. Generally speaking, it is a popular choice for expats with school-going children, but otherwise, it can leave expats feeling fairly isolated.

Zekeriyaköy 

Zekeriyaköy is further north, at the edge of the Belgrad Forest and near the shores of the Black Sea. There are large villas with gardens and pools available here, as well as some schools. Its drawback is that it is quite far out of town – and while there are basic amenities available in Zekeriyaköy, one has to travel a fair distance for most other things.

Suburbs on the Asian side of Istanbul

Most expats tend to live on the European side, but there is also a thriving expat community on the Asian side of Istanbul. There are many apartments and apartment complexes, several of which are set among stunning greenery overlooking the Bosphorus.

Travel from Europe to Asia is easy enough – options include travelling either by ferry, under the Bosphorus on the metro system or over bridges. Traffic on the bridges can sometimes be highly congested, especially during rush hour.

Central Kadıköy

Central Kadıköy is a vibrant and cosmopolitan area which also serves as a transport hub for the Asian side of Istanbul. As the area is located on the Sea of Marmara, expats can find a great deal of sea-facing apartments at different price points. Despite being home to numerous bars and restaurants, many expats appreciate how much more tranquil Kadıköy feels when compared to the European side of Istanbul.

Üsküdar

Üsküdar is an ancient district dating back to the Byzantine era. Üsküdar is a residential area on the waterfront, and it is well-connected to other parts of Istanbul by excellent transport links. Üsküdar is a family-friendly area with many markets and quaint shops. The area is known for being conservative, with few opportunities for nightlife. 

Istanbul has world-class private medical care that is often cheaper than private care in Europe and the United States. The public healthcare system is not up to the same standard as its private counterpart, but has improved dramatically over recent years, and offers good quality care.

There are more private facilities than public hospitals in the city and most expats living in Istanbul access healthcare through private facilities. As such, new arrivals should ensure that they have private health insurance.

Hospitals generally stick to their appointment times and one rarely needs to wait long to see a doctor, even in the emergency room. Many doctors can speak excellent English, and some have trained and worked abroad.

There are plenty of pharmacies in Istanbul. Most neighbourhoods have at least one pharmacy that is open 24/7, so expats should have easy access to essential medication.

Read Healthcare in Turkey for more on the national healthcare system. 

Below is a list of some of the most prominent hospitals in Istanbul.

Hospitals in Istanbul

Avicenna International Hospital

Website: www.avicennaint.com
Address: Küçükbakkalköy, Kayışdağı Cd. No:47, 34750 Ataşehir

Hasar Intercontinental Hospital

Website: www.hisarhospital.com
Address: Saray, Site Yolu Cd No: 7, 34768 Ümraniye

Liv Hospital

Website: www.livhospital.com
Address: Ulus Ahmet Adnan Saygun Cd, Canan Sk., 34340 Beşiktaş 

Memorial Şişli Hastanesi

Website: www.memorialhospitalsgroup.com
Address: Piyalepaşa Blv., 34385 Şişli

While expat children are allowed to attend public schools in Istanbul for free, most expat parents choose to send their children to international schools. This is due to the varying quality of public schooling and Turkish being the language of instruction.

Public schools in Istanbul

Education in Turkey is compulsory and free for all children from primary through to secondary school, but the standard of education varies across Turkey. Public schools in larger cities struggle with overcrowding, and in Istanbul, classes of between 50 and 60 students aren't uncommon.

Another problem expats face with public schools in Istanbul is the fact that Turkish is the language of instruction at all schools. This may make it almost impossible for older expat children, who don't already know the language, to adapt to the public schooling system. Therefore, most expat parents decide to send their children to a private or international school in Istanbul.

See Education and Schools in Turkey for more on the national education system. 

International schools in Istanbul

International schools in Istanbul cater to various foreign nationalities. They offer a variety of international curricula and foreign-language instruction. Most international schools in Istanbul offer students the opportunity to learn Turkish while also organising field trips and cultural activities to assist children in assimilating into Turkish culture and society.

School fees in Istanbul are known to be high, and parents will find that these fees are accompanied by various additional expenses, such as school uniforms, textbooks, extracurricular activities and transport. Parents, therefore, need to budget carefully. If moving to Istanbul as part of a corporate relocation, expats should factor schooling costs into their contract negotiations before moving to Turkey. 

Enrollment at international schools in Istanbul can be limited. It's essential to apply as soon as possible, especially if one's child is of primary school age. Most schools will post admission requirements and application procedures on their websites. In many cases, it's possible to begin the application process from abroad. This should be a priority for expat parents when planning the move to Turkey.

Read International Schools in Istanbul for more information on the top schools in the city. 

Special-needs education in Turkey

The Turkish government has a policy to keep children with special needs in mainstream classes as far as possible.

A fair few international schools in Istanbul offer special-needs education, but the type of support offered varies between schools. The support levels in schools range from assisting students with mild learning challenges to those with more extensive needs.

The British International School is one international school that offers special-needs support throughout its primary and secondary departments, while MEF International School also caters for children with mild learning difficulties.

Children with special needs in Turkey are served by the HAYPADER Special Education Practice School Istanbul and Gülseren Özdemir Special Education School, which is the largest special-education school in Turkey. HAYPADER Special Education Practice School also offers scholarships for children from families with low incomes.

The Guidance and Research Centre in Istanbul supports parents of children living with disabilities by evaluating their physical, developmental and academic capabilities to recommend a school near their home that is best suited to their children's needs. It also gives the family guidance and counselling on the care and treatment of a child with special needs.

Useful links

• Parents can visit the Ministry of Education's website to find out more about Guidance and Research Centres.

Tutors in Turkey

Receiving private tutoring in Istanbul while preparing for a national examination is common. Owing to the notoriously fierce competition to get into elite high schools and universities, most children will receive tutoring at some point during their schooling careers.

There are three forms of private tutoring in Istanbul. The first and costliest is one-on-one tutoring. This is usually done by an accomplished university student or a retired teacher. These tutors typically guarantee excellent results and therefore charge high prices.

The second type of tutoring takes place at school and is offered by volunteer teachers outside regular class hours. Usually, the school board will organise this form of tutoring. 

Private tutoring centres (dershaneler) are the most popular and common form of tutoring in Istanbul. These centres act like private schools with professional teachers. Students first complete an entrance test to evaluate their current capabilities and are placed in classes based on their knowledge level. These schools charge a monthly fee and can be pricey.

International schools in Istanbul are popular among expat parents. These private institutions teach curricula from around the world in various languages, giving expat children the chance to learn in a familiar environment with their mother tongue as the language of instruction. This eases the transition into life in Turkey and is especially useful for families who are only in the country for a limited period of time.

Tuition fees at international schools in Istanbul are typically high, so parents will need to ensure that their budget can accommodate this expense. Other potential costs include various levies or building fees, textbooks, school lunches and extracurricular activities. Most parents feel that the quality of teaching, school facilities and overall convenience make up for the cost of international schooling.

Below is a list of the most prominent international schools in Istanbul.

International schools in Istanbul

British International School (BIS)

BIS is a small international school of around 600 students, offering a British education combined with the well-respected International Baccalaureate. The school's diverse student body is made up of 55 different nationalities. BIS's average class size of 12 ensures that children receive individualised attention.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum and Cambridge IGCSE) and International Baccalaureate
Ages: 2.5 to 18
Website: www.bis.k12.tr

Istanbul International Community School (IICS)

A globally minded school with a high standard of teaching, IICS offers the full International Baccalaureate Programme from ages three to 18. Most of the school's 500 students hail from countries such as the US, the UK, Germany and South Korea. Attendance is limited to holders of non-Turkish passports.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.iics.k12.tr

Istanbul International School (IIS)

IIS is a British curriculum school that prides itself on its multicultural, close-knit learning community. The school's student-centred approach helps children develop into well-rounded young adults ready for the next step in their life cycle.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE and A-levels)
Ages: 4 to 18
Website: www.istanbulint.com

Keystone International School (KIS)

With a small student body of just 200, KIS is focused on providing children with the skills to become confident and self-disciplined, independent world citizens. KIS is Istanbul's only Canadian curriculum school and offers a high standard of education.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: Canadian (Toronto)
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.keystoneschools.com.tr

Istanbul offers expats a wonderful lifestyle that is novel yet familiar and full of comforts, surprises and delights. The lifestyle in Istanbul is a culturally fascinating experience with unique leisure options for just about anyone. Expats can indulge in Ottoman restaurants, an abundance of bazaars and shopping opportunities, as well as a vibrant nightlife, world-class sporting facilities and Istanbul's famed Turkish baths.

Shopping in Istanbul

New arrivals will find a shopping landscape characterised by a hodgepodge of modern, antique, unique and kitsch buys.

The Grand Bazaar is an excellent starting point. Other famous shopping markets include the Egyptian Market, also known as the Spice Bazaar, and the Beyazıt Square flea market, which can both be treasure troves when it comes to bargains.

Otherwise, Nuruosmaniye Caddesi is known for its exquisite jewellery, while its adjacent side streets are home to many art boutiques and independent stores. Antique lovers would do well to visit Çukurcuma Cadessi, which is home to some of Istanbul's best antique and vintage stores. Expats with a few bucks to spare should look no further than Abdi İpekçi Caddesi, which is home to many international luxury brands and is considered Istanbul's premier shopping street.

Eating out in Istanbul

Turkish cuisine is a combination of fantastic variety and bold flavours. It flaunts Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Central Asian, Western and Balkan influences. The cuisine varies from region to region depending on the produce available.

Eating out in Turkey is a social event, and families and friends often come together over a meal. Meals at local restaurants tend to offer good value. Expats can also find good deals in establishments that don't serve alcohol, but as in many other cities, restaurant prices in Istanbul increase significantly in the main tourist areas.

In Turkey, breakfast is the main meal of the day. A typical breakfast in Turkey typically consists of fresh bread, cheese, cold meats, yoghurt, honey, olives, eggs and fruit. Expats who are coffee lovers should also enjoy a cup of Turkish coffee. Other popular food items are pede, kebabs and baklava.

Nightlife in Istanbul

There are many bars and nightclubs in Istanbul. The more distinctive spots are the open-air clubs near the Bosphorus, which are only open in the summer. With everything from belly dancers to cutting-edge techno beats, those who enjoy a good party will be thrilled to discover Istanbul's dynamic nightlife as trendy clubs, bars and cocktail lounges abound.

Arts and culture in Istanbul

Expats can indulge in a wide variety of cultural activities in Istanbul. The city offers a comprehensive programme of concerts, ballet and opera. There are also concerts held at the time-worn Hagia Irene, which is a Byzantine church that has been reopened for cultural events.

Rock bands occasionally visit Istanbul, and there are regular jazz performances at clubs. There is, of course, no lack of Turkish culture, including Turkish popular music and whirling dervish shows.

Istanbul also has several cinemas, which are found mainly in malls. The latest English films are shown with only a slight delay from their original release dates. All movies are shown in their original language with Turkish subtitles.

Sports and outdoor activities in Istanbul

The city presents many options for leisure and sporting activities. Football is enormously popular in Turkey, and Istanbul hosts Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray, fierce rivals and the country's most celebrated football clubs.

In terms of exercise, there are many swimming pools and tennis courts around the city, and gyms are widely available. There are also some golf and country clubs for expats to join.

Where to meet people and make friends in Istanbul

Meeting people in a new city can be one of the more stressful experiences of relocating. Below are a few suggestions for expats looking to make friends and integrate into their new communities.

International Women of Istanbul

The International Women of Istanbul (IWI) is a non-profit organisation for expat women living in and around Turkey. The organisation allows women to participate in charitable volunteer events and also arranges business networking opportunities for professional expat women. 

Istanbul&I

Parents looking to ensure their teens make friends and assimilate into their new community should look no further than Istanbul&I. This non-profit organisation aims to impact the local community while bringing youth together through volunteering. Istanbul&I is currently home to more than 2,000 volunteers of over 40 nationalities.

Speech Bubbles Theatre Group

Singing, dance and theatre enthusiasts will feel right at home making friends with like-minded individuals in the Speech Bubbles theatre group. An expat started the group as a way to teach English through drama, and has since evolved into a multicultural group of volunteers that stage an annual musical production to raise money for education and children's charities. Speech Bubbles also serves as a creative art performing school. 

Istanbul Expat Runners

Expats looking to smash their fitness goals while building strong relationships with others who share similar interests can join Istanbul Expat Runners. This running club hosts weekly trail runs in the Belgrad Forest and encourages expats to find running buddies in their local neighbourhoods.

New arrivals will find that their first few months in Istanbul will fly by, especially as they're caught up in discovering the city's intricacies. That said, after a while, the thrill of discovery can subside as newcomers settle into 'real life' and find themselves needing to escape from the big city.

Here are some options for weekend adventures, most of which are only a few hours' drive away from Istanbul.

Edirne

Edirne is perfect for a day trip or a weekend getaway from Istanbul, as it's only a two-hour drive to the west of Istanbul and is close to the border with Greece and Bulgaria. It was the capital of the early Ottoman Empire, so the city has some beautiful Ottoman architecture and mosques to explore. The easiest and cheapest way to reach Edirne from Istanbul is to take a bus.

Gallipoli and Troy

Gallipoli is an elongated peninsula stretching from the Thracian mainland, between the Gulf of Saros and the Dardanelles, and is about a four-hour drive southwest of Istanbul. Expats can get here via one of the several coach tours which travel directly from Istanbul. Thousands of people come here on Anzac Day to pay their respects and visit World War I battlefields and memorials. Nearby is the ancient city of Troy, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and national park, where visitors can see a replica of the Trojan horse.

Polonezköy 

Meaning 'Polish village', Polonezköy was once a thriving Polish village. It is a thickly forested area on the eastern side of Istanbul, which makes for a good day trip, especially in the summer. There are numerous restaurants in the village, some serving traditional Polish meals. There are also a few guest houses and hotels for those wishing to make a weekend of it.

Sapanca Lake

Sapanca Lake (Sapanca Gölü) is situated east of Istanbul. It offers beautiful scenery and is only a couple of hours' drive from the Asian side. The area has become popular for day trips and weekend breaks from Istanbul. 

Skiing in Kartepe

The closest ski slope to Istanbul is Kartepe, which is only a couple of hours' drive away, making it an ideal day trip. That said, it's a small slope, and serious skiers might feel dissatisfied. It also gets crowded at weekends. Uludağ is a fantastic option for serious skiers, but this is further east and might necessitate a two- or three-day trip at least.

Bursa and Iznik

Bursa is a four-hour bus ride from Istanbul and is about 12.5 miles (20km) inland from the Sea of Marmara. The fastest way to get to Bursa from Istanbul, however, is by boat. The city was the first capital city of the Ottoman Empire. The historical city of Iznik, on the other hand, is located on the eastern shore of Lake Iznik and is situated near Bursa. This region offers an ideal two- or three-day trip from Istanbul. The Grand Mosque is a stunning example of the famous Ottoman architecture Bursa is renowned for, while Iznik is famous for its glazed tiles.

The Princes' Islands (Adaları)

The Princes' Islands are a collection of islands in the Sea of Marmara, just to the southeast of Istanbul. They are a short ferry trip away from Istanbul and can easily be visited either for a day trip or as a weekend getaway. Cycling around the island is popular, as is meandering through the island's quaint, villa-lined roads.   

The Turkish are generally known to be friendly towards and accommodation of children. Expats moving to Istanbul with kids will surely find many fun activities and places to visit, including museums and science and technology centres. There are also several popular parks, beach resorts and nearby islands that are ideal for family outings.

That said, Istanbul is not extremely accommodating to those with small children. The streets are narrow, traffic is a constant problem, and most sidewalks don't have ramps for strollers, but improvements are constantly being made.

Entertainment for kids in Istanbul

VIALAND Tema Park 

Located in Eyüp, Vialand Theme Park is one of the best days out for children and parents alike. All children can enjoy the amusement park, as it boasts enchanting castles to keep the little ones entertained and thrilling rides for teens. Parents can explore a street called Once Upon A Time in Istanbul and go back to Istanbul in the 80s and 90s while enjoying a meal or Turkish coffee at one of the restaurants. 

Ferry trip to the Princes' Islands

A popular day trip to do with kids in Istanbul is to take a ferry trip to one of the Princes' Islands, located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Cars are banned on the islands, so there are many open spaces for the children to run freely. Children and parents alike can also enjoy horse and carriage rides, take a walk or hire a bicycle to explore one of the islands.

Kid-friendly museums in Istanbul

The Istanbul Toy Museum

Situated in a wooden mansion in the Götzepe neighbourhood on the Asian side of Istanbul, the Istanbul Toy Museum is a popular attraction for families. The museum was founded by a well-known Turkish poet, Sunay Akin. It houses a collection of over 4,000 toys from around the world.

Miniatürk 

Miniatürk is an open-air museum with tiny replicas of historic Turkish structures and monuments. The museum is a fun and educational place for a family outing and is open year-round. The park also features a life-sized chessboard, a labyrinth and a playground for children to enjoy. Miniatürk is situated on the northeastern shore of the Golden Horn. 

Rahmi M Koç Museum

The Rahmi M Koç Museum is an industrial museum dedicated to the history of transport, industry and communications. Kids will have fun climbing into vintage cars and the cockpit of an aeroplane. They can also dabble in real-life scientific experiments.

Istanbul Modern

Located in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district, The Istanbul Modern houses permanent and temporary contemporary art exhibitions. The museum has an interactive section where children aged between six and 12 can have fun while learning about art.

Istanbul is a living, breathing museum. As a fascinating and historic city, Istanbul offers much to see and do for new arrivals. Expats will have a great time finding their way around, soaking up the culture and learning more about their new home.

Although there are innumerable interesting sites throughout Istanbul, we've listed some of the most famous below.

Attractions in Istanbul

Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii)

Turkey's most iconic mosque, the Blue Mosque, is one of the most distinguishable features of Istanbul's skyline. It's one of the finest examples of Ottoman architecture and is still in use today.

Topkapı Palace Museum

Boasting spectacular views over the Bosphorus River and the Golden Horn, Topkapı Palace Museum was the seat of the Ottoman Empire for almost 400 years and home to nearly 3,000 people. Take a tour of the apartments, harem terraces and the royal bedchamber. They all provide a glimpse into Istanbul's fascinating past and the opulence of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire.

Hagia Sophia

Famed for its incredible size and Byzantine architecture, the Hagia Sophia is one of Istanbul's most prominent attractions. It was commissioned as a cathedral in the 6th century and was one of Christianity's most important churches for over 900 years. It was conquered in the 15th century by Mehmet II and turned into a mosque. Since 1935, the building has functioned as a museum. 

Grand Bazaar (Kapalı Çarşı)

Expats will love discovering the oldest and largest covered bazaar in the world when they come to Kapalı Çarşı. Visitors can wind their way around the 65 streets, brimming with more than 4,000 shops, teahouses, hamam (Turkish baths), storehouses, mosques and fountains.

Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts

The Turkish and Islamic Art Museum is housed in what used to be the 16th-century palace of the Grand Vizier, Ibrahim Pasha. It features 40,000 examples of Seljuk, Mameluke and Ottoman Turkish art, as well as one of the world's richest and oldest collections of prayer rugs, carpets and kilim.

Sunken Palace (Basilica Cistern)

Built around 532 AD by Constantinople the Great, the Sunken Palace is a subterranean cavern that is held up by 336 columns. It famously features in the James Bond film From Russia with Love. It features art and intricate designs on the columns themselves, and approximately two million visitors a year flock to cross the walkways of the cavern.

Galata Tower

Providing the best 360-degree panoramic view across the old town of Istanbul, the Galata Tower was originally erected in the 14th century as a bastion for the walls of the Galata colony. Nowadays, expats are sure to enjoy visiting the restaurant nestled at the foot of the tower. 

Dolmabahçe Palace

The Dolmabahçe Palace was the last residence of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire and is one of the most glamorous palaces in the world. It has been converted into a museum, and locals and tourists alike can wander through and admire the sultans of the past.

Istanbul is home to some great annual events that have put the city on the map. With the great climate and varying landscape, it makes sense that many of the city's major events take place outside. Religion also plays a significant role in Istanbul. As most of the city's inhabitants are Muslim, the religion's festivals are widely celebrated annually. 

Here's a selection of popular annual events that take place in the city. 

Annual events in Istanbul

Istanbul Tulip Festival (April)

To celebrate the tulip, Istanbul's enduring symbol, about 30 million bulbs are planted annually. This turns the city's parks into rich tapestries of colour. These flowers generally bloom in the month of April and can best be seen in the Yıldız, Göztepe, Emirgan and Gülhane parks, as well as in Sultanahmet Square.

International Istanbul Music Festival (June/July)

The Istanbul Music Festival showcases opera, ballet, jazz, traditional and classical music. The festival has seen some world-renowned performers and artists over the years and promises a fabulous extravaganza each year.

The Bosphorus Cross-Continental Swim (July/August)

Expats living in Istanbul should head down to the Bosphorus Strait to cheer on the participants in the annual Bosphorus Swim. This event sees brave swimmers navigating their way across the 4.3-mile (7km) strait between Kanlıca on the Asian side and Kuruçeşme on the European side.

Istanbul Marathon (November)

The Istanbul Marathon is a major running event in Istanbul, which includes a marathon, a competitive 9.3-mile (15km) race and a 4.9-mile (8km) fun run. The events start on the Asian side of the city, close to the Bosphorus Bridge, with the marathon and 15km race ending in the Sultanahmet district on the European side, while the fun run finishes in Dolmabahçe.

Important Muslim festivals in Istanbul

Most of Turkey's public holidays are secular in nature, but Turkey also celebrates the two major Islamic festivals – the first is called Şeker Bayram (literally translated as Festival of Sugar), and the second is called Kurban Bayram (Festival of Sacrifice). Şeker Bayram is celebrated after the month of Ramazan (Ramadan) when Muslims fast during the day and only eat after sunset.

Traditionally, during the month of Ramadan, drummers walk the street before sunrise to wake up the observant Muslims so that they can have breakfast before sunrise. That said, if living in an apartment complex, expats are unlikely to be disturbed by the noisy beat below. Iftar is the meal that is taken to break the fast after sunset. The roads are packed in the hour before Iftar, with people making their way home for the evening meal.

When Şeker Bayram falls in winter, schools are let off early so that the rush-hour traffic can be avoided. On the first day of Şeker Bayram, locals go to each other's houses to distribute sweets and gifts.

Kurban Bayram consists of locals paying to have a goat sacrificed and distributing the meat to charity. Both of these holidays are floating holidays and change from year to year. Although most retail businesses will only close on the first day of the holiday, government departments, banks, schools and offices are generally closed for several days during these periods.

It is customary to give one's maid, driver, gardener, doorman and any other regular staff a gift at Şeker Bayram. This can either be in the form of money or food. All supermarkets have "Ramazan Packets" for sale, which are essentially food hampers. 

Getting around Istanbul is relatively easy, regardless of whether expats decide to use their own vehicle or take public transport. Many expats living in Istanbul's outlying suburbs do have cars, but for those residing centrally, it is often more efficient and economical to utilise the city's many public transport options.

Public transport in Istanbul

Istanbul has an extensive system, with many modes of transport operating within an integrated infrastructure. Those who intend to use public transport regularly should purchase an Istanbul Kart. This electronic chip card can be reloaded and used to travel on most modes of public transport in Istanbul.

Buses

Istanbul boasts more than 700 bus lines and 4,000 buses, making its bus system one of the most comprehensive in the country. Buses in Istanbul are cheap and reliable, but they can be overcrowded. Bus routes run throughout the city and travel less frequently to the suburban areas. 

The one downside to using buses is that they can get stuck in traffic, and some routes may be diverted during peak hours. This can be problematic for new arrivals who are not yet familiar with the different diversions and their neighbourhoods. 

Metro

Istanbul's metro is excellent, clean and modern. The metro system has grown in recent years and now links many suburbs throughout the city with 11 lines and 133 stations. The Marmaray metro system runs beneath the Bosphorus, joining the European and Asian sides of Istanbul. 

Trams

Istanbul also boasts three tram lines that connect various parts of the city on the European side. The tram lines largely cover the tourist areas of Istanbul, making it the perfect form of public transport to explore the city's main attractions. All trams have pram and wheelchair access, as well as air conditioning and WiFi. 

Dolmuş

These are minibuses that stop to pick up and drop off passengers anywhere on pre-established routes. There are no dolmuş stops – instead, these minibuses stop to pick up passengers wherever they are flagged down. They stop to drop off passengers whenever one asks the driver to stop. They are quicker and can be more flexible than regular buses.

Ferries

There are regular ferry services in Istanbul, and they offer a cheap and relaxing way to cross the Bosphorus. Ferries offer multiple payment methods, and expats can use their Istanbul Kart. Ferry schedules are not as regular as other forms of public transport, so commuters will need to plan their journey carefully. 

Useful links

• Expats can visit the IETT's website for assistance with planning their bus journeys. 

Taxis in Istanbul

Taxis are metered and are fairly reasonably priced. As with anywhere in the world, however, the costs add up if using taxis regularly. Another drawback of taxis is that the drivers generally don't speak English. It's best to write down the address in advance and show it to the driver. Taxi drivers in Istanbul have been known to overcharge passengers or take longer routes, and expats should ensure they book a taxi with a reputable service. 

Alternatively, taxi services can be requested through local ride-share apps such as BiTaksi and Uber. Many expats prefer using these apps as it allows them to set their route and determine fare estimates without having to speak to taxi drivers. 

Water taxi

Water taxis in Istanbul serve as an on-call boat taxi service. The fare is calculated according to the distance travelled rather than per person.

Driving in Istanbul 

Istanbul has a good network of highways, but it also has old, narrow and steep streets. Turks tend to drive fast on highways and do not always stick to road rules, so expats should be alert.

By and large, the traffic in Istanbul is well regulated and fairly disciplined. Parking is not a huge problem compared to other major metropolises, as many 'Pay and Park' areas are available.

European and US licences are valid for driving in Turkey. That said, it's essential to get a notarised Turkish translation of the licence when arriving and to keep both the original and the translated copy available at all times when driving.

Read Transport and Driving in Turkey for more on securing a local driving licence.