Situated in South Holland and divided by the Nieuwe Maas, Rotterdam stands as a major port city that has overcome significant historical hardships. If you move here, you are likely to settle in quite quickly and will generally be welcomed with open arms to a city often thought of as a symbol of resilience and regrowth.

Living in Rotterdam

After the Rotterdam Blitz of 1940 flattened the city, the reconstruction of the city centre gave Rotterdam a unique opportunity to rebuild and redefine itself. Today, living in Rotterdam means experiencing its experimental architecture, which is unique among Dutch cities, alongside the vibrant energy that makes it an exciting place to call home. Innovative designs, such as the cube houses and the Markthal, serve multiple purposes, from accommodation and workplaces to top attractions and landmarks.

Newcomers to Rotterdam may encounter a few challenges when adjusting to the city’s transport network. Although many Dutch people speak English, transport signage and announcements are typically in Dutch, which could make figuring out schedules and ticketing tricky.

Learning Dutch is a worthwhile investment for integration into the local culture. While English is widely spoken, understanding Dutch can open doors to better job opportunities and deeper social connections. Services like the Rotterdam Expat Centre offer invaluable resources to help you settle in seamlessly.

Rotterdam’s thriving shopping, nightlife, and restaurant scenes also mean there’s always something to do. Whether you’re haunting the local markets, catching a show, or indulging in the city’s lively culinary scene, you’ll find plenty to amuse yourself.

Lifestyle, Activities, and Landmarks in Rotterdam 
Pros and Cons of Moving to Rotterdam 
Transport Network in Rotterdam

Cost of living in Rotterdam

While some parts of the Netherlands are expensive, Rotterdam’s cost of living is comparatively low. Living in Rotterdam allows you to enjoy a good quality of life without the high price tag attached to cities such as Amsterdam.

Beyond housing, key expenses include utilities, groceries, transport, and healthcare. You can manage these by adopting simple strategies like energy-efficient practices, cycling instead of relying on public transport, and comparing healthcare plans to find the best fit.

Rotterdam offers diverse housing options across its neighbourhoods. The city centre boasts modern high-rises and a buzzing urban atmosphere, but has a higher price tag. Areas like Kralingen offer green spaces and stylish homes that are popular among expats, while Rotterdam West provides affordable housing and a rich arts scene.

Accommodation in Rotterdam
Cost of Living in Rotterdam
Working in Rotterdam 

Families and children in Rotterdam

If you have kids, Rotterdam provides a range of extracurricular activities to keep them engaged. Sports clubs for football, hockey, and swimming are widely available and encourage teamwork and fitness. Music and arts institutions offer lessons in instruments, dance, and visual arts, sparking creativity in young minds.

When choosing schools, consider the difference between Dutch and international options. Although some offer bilingual programmes, Dutch schools emphasise local traditions and language. International schools often follow global curricula such as the International Baccalaureate, which is taught in English.

Safety is a priority in Rotterdam’s parks and playgrounds. Public spaces are regularly maintained and designed with soft ground materials and age-appropriate equipment to minimise accidents. Family-friendly locations like Het Park by the Euromast offer plenty of space for picnics and outdoor fun, making it easy to enjoy quality time together.

Healthcare and Hospitals in Rotterdam
Education and Schools in Rotterdam

Climate in Rotterdam

Like most of the Netherlands, Rotterdam has a temperate oceanic climate, although its position on the coast gives it slightly milder weather than cities further inland. Summers (June to August) are warm to mild, and you can use the long, sunny days to head to the beach or explore the city’s waterfront areas.

The temperature cools off a bit as autumn gives way to winter, although it stays fairly mild. Late autumn and early winter (October to December) tend to be the wettest months, while April and May are the driest.

With so much to offer, Rotterdam is a destination well worth considering if you are planning a move to the Netherlands. Living in Rotterdam provides an attractive combination of lifestyle perks, a low cost of living, and excellent infrastructure and amenities, making it a fantastic place to call home.

Rotterdam is a popular destination for newcomers, offering a mix of affordability and bustling city life. But like every destination, life in Rotterdam also has some downsides. Check out our list of pros and cons for moving to Rotterdam.

Cost of living in Rotterdam

+ PRO: Reasonable cost of living

The cost of living in Rotterdam is relatively lower compared to other major European cities such as London and Paris. Rotterdam offers a more affordable lifestyle while still providing access to excellent amenities. This balance allows for a comfortable and, at times, even luxurious standard of living.

– CON: Accommodation is not cheap

Accommodation will take up a substantial portion of your income. Recent trends show a tightening housing market with rising rental prices and limited availability. Consider options like shared housing, searching outside the city centre, and using platforms like Kamernet to find more affordable accommodation.

Cost of Living in Rotterdam
Accommodation in Rotterdam

Lifestyle and culture in Rotterdam

+ PRO: Plenty to do

The lifestyle in Rotterdam is dynamic and offers a wealth of experiences. From the North Sea Jazz Festival to the International Film Festival Rotterdam, the city’s cultural calendar is packed with world-class events. Witte de Withstraat is perfect for art and nightlife enthusiasts, while Hofbogen caters to those who enjoy a more alternative scene. Museums and galleries are spread across the city, ensuring there’s always something new to explore.

- CON: Rotterdam is a small city

Rotterdam’s compact size means you might feel the need for a change of scenery from time to time. Thankfully, its central location and excellent transport connections make travelling to other European destinations a breeze.

Lifestyle, Shopping, Activities and Attractions in Rotterdam.

Healthcare in Rotterdam

+ PRO: Excellent healthcare system

The healthcare system in Rotterdam, as part of the Netherlands, is among the best in Europe. You’ll have access to modern facilities and highly trained professionals, ensuring peace of mind for you and your family. The city’s infrastructure supports seamless access to a range of medical services.

– CON: Healthcare is expensive

Although the quality of healthcare is exceptional, it comes at a high cost. Taking out a Dutch health insurance policy is a must, as this will help you manage expenses and avoid higher costs in emergencies.

Healthcare in Rotterdam

Education and schools in Rotterdam

+ PRO: Good public and international schools

Rotterdam provides exceptional educational opportunities, from top-tier international schools to good-quality public schools. Some public schools offer bilingual programmes, such as Tweetalig Onderwijs (TTO), which combines Dutch and English instruction. International schools in Rotterdam cater to a diverse community, offering comprehensive curricula and innovative programmes aimed at building confidence and positive thinking in students.

– CON: International schools are expensive

If you’re considering private international schools, be prepared for significant costs. Many expats negotiate school allowances with their employers to offset these expenses, which can be substantial but often worth the investment for a quality education.

Education and Schools in Rotterdam

Getting around in Rotterdam

+ PRO: Good public transport system

Thanks to its efficient public transport system, getting around in Rotterdam is a breeze. Recent upgrades to the tram network, including renumbering and re-routing several lines, have improved connectivity and reliability. Travel cards make using trams, buses, and the metro even more cost-effective. Cycling is also a popular and convenient way to navigate the city, with dedicated bike paths criss-crossing the area and routes like the Erasmus Bridge accommodating thousands of cyclists daily.

– CON: Cars are expensive

If you prefer to drive, you’ll find that owning a car in Rotterdam is both costly and often unnecessary. Recent regulation changes, such as increased taxes on private vehicles and incentives for zero-emission cars, aim to reduce emissions but further discourage car ownership. High purchase prices, maintenance costs, and the city’s excellent public transport and cycling infrastructure make car ownership less appealing for most residents.

Public Transport and Driving in Rotterdam

Rotterdam is an exciting, cosmopolitan city undergoing constant development and brimming with possibility. As a global gateway and Europe’s largest seaport, it offers tremendous opportunities for career-focused individuals. Still, you may find that looking for work here can be tougher than expected.

Compared to the national average, Rotterdam’s rate of unemployment is considerably higher. This can make competition for jobs fierce. The process can be even more challenging for non-EU citizens, as employers must prove that no EU citizen can fill the vacancy before offering you a position.

Job market in Rotterdam

Known as the gateway to Europe, Rotterdam is home to the continent’s largest seaport. This strategic location drives the city’s economy, with logistics and maritime industries forming the backbone. In recent years, Rotterdam has also emerged as a global hub for architecture, with internationally renowned firms based in the city.

If you work in the retail sector, you may find securing work in Rotterdam relatively easy. The healthcare and welfare industries also have significant opportunities. Thanks to institutions like Erasmus University Rotterdam and Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, academia and teaching remain viable career paths. Additionally, the city’s vibrant energy and chemical industries offer roles for specialists.

Specialised skills and the ability to speak Dutch can significantly improve your chances of finding work, but given Rotterdam’s cosmopolitan and diverse population, fluency in Dutch is not always a requirement. For expats, the Dutch government’s ‘30 percent ruling’ may allow you to receive up to 30 percent of your salary tax-free, easing your financial transition.

Finding a job in Rotterdam

To find a job in Rotterdam, start by checking online job portals or connecting with a recruitment agency. Platforms such as LinkedIn, Indeed, Monsterboard, and Nationale Vacaturebank are excellent resources for job listings and insights into company cultures and work environments.

Networking is essential. Having contacts in Rotterdam often yields better results than solely relying on job postings. If you are targeting a specific company, check their website for job openings and consider directly reaching out to HR or a recruitment consultant, even if no positions are listed. This proactive approach can highlight your initiative, a quality Dutch employers value.

Working in Rotterdam is straightforward for EU citizens, as no work permits are needed. Non-EU citizens, however, will typically require an employer-sponsored work permit. Employers must demonstrate that no suitable EU candidate is available, so securing a job offer before moving is essential.

Work Permits for the Netherlands

Useful links

• LinkedIn
• Indeed
• Nationale Vacaturebank
• Monsterboard

Work culture in Rotterdam

Although company culture varies between organisations and fields of work, there is a general perception of business culture in the city. Punctuality is critical when working in the Netherlands, and honesty and directness are appreciated.

Doing business in Rotterdam may entail a communication style you might be unfamiliar with. Meetings tend to skip the small talk and dive right into the agenda in a very direct and straightforward manner. While this way of communicating may be efficient, it can feel a little blunt at first. Given the emphasis on collaboration, teamwork, and valuing every member’s opinion, decision-making can still be a slow process.

You are entitled to at least 20 days of paid annual leave, but some companies offer more. Employees can also benefit from a decent employment package covering transport costs and, in some cases, partial school fees for children attending a private school.

Read more about Business Culture in the Netherlands.

Accommodation in Rotterdam offers excellent value for money. Rent is significantly cheaper than in other major cities such as Amsterdam and The Hague, making it more affordable. Demand is high, and rental prices are rising, so it’s best to act quickly when you find something suitable.

Areas and suburbs in Rotterdam

Rotterdam offers a variety of neighbourhoods, each with its own character and appeal. 

For example, Kralingen is an upscale area with green spaces like Kralingse Bos and Lake, making it a popular choice for students and professionals. Families might prefer Blijdorp, a quieter area with tree-lined streets and the beloved Blijdorp Zoo. For a vibrant urban lifestyle, the City Centre (Centrum) places you at the heart of Rotterdam’s shopping, dining, and cultural scene.

If you’re looking for expat-friendly amenities, Hillegersberg offers a suburban feel with parks, schools, and family-friendly facilities. Delfshaven combines historical charm with a multicultural community, while Prins Alexander provides convenience with shopping centres and metro connections.

Read more about the Best (and Worst) Places to Live in Rotterdam.

Types of accommodation in Rotterdam

Rotterdam is famous for its exciting modern architecture, which also applies to the city’s housing. From unique designs and architectural landmarks such as the quirky ‘cube houses’ and buzzing Markthal, to towering apartment blocks and traditional Dutch rowhouses, you’re sure to find something you like.

If you’re an international student on a budget, you might opt for a house or flat share in Rotterdam. This involves sharing kitchen facilities and a living room space among multiple tenants but having a private bedroom.

Alternatively, business travellers or those looking for luxury can find several serviced apartments in Rotterdam. These are fully furnished and equipped with attractive amenities and WiFi.

Most accommodation in Rotterdam comes unfurnished, and sometimes even basics such as carpeting and curtains may not be included – this is indicated by the word ‘kaal’ in rental ads. Fully furnished housing (gemeubileerd) is rarer and more expensive, but is often ideal if you’re not settling in the Netherlands long-term.

If you’re looking to furnish your new home, you can buy brand-new or second-hand furniture, sourcing it locally or abroad, or you can opt to rent furniture.

Finding accommodation in Rotterdam

Securing housing in Rotterdam can be a challenge due to high demand and limited supply. The private rental market is under pressure, and competition is fierce.

You can search for accommodation using online property portals like IamExpat, Pararius, Funda, and HousingAnywhere. These platforms offer detailed listings and user-friendly search options, making it easier to find a suitable place. Social media groups, particularly expat communities, are worth exploring, particularly those where listings are frequently shared.

Some rental listings require Dutch language skills, which might limit options for non-Dutch speakers. Hiring a real estate agent (makelaar) can help you negotiate these challenges, especially if you’re new to the city. Many agents offer bilingual services and virtual tours to make the process more accessible. Relocation companies can also make the process smoother, particularly for professionals moving to Rotterdam for work.

Relocation Companies in the Netherlands

Useful links

• Pararius
• Funda
• HousingAnywhere

Renting accommodation in Rotterdam

Tenancy contracts can seem complicated, but you’ll need to do your research and be aware of all the terms and conditions before making a firm agreement. Renting in Rotterdam often requires fast decision-making, as properties are snapped up quickly.

Read more about Renting Accommodation in the Netherlands.

Making an application

You’ll need to provide your citizen service number, known as the BSN (burgerservicenummer). You may also be asked to provide an employment contract or bank statement.

Leases

The type of tenancy contract you’ll sign depends on your preference and duration of stay. Fixed-period rental contracts are for an agreed minimum period, generally 6 to 12 months, but recent legislation has restricted these to specific circumstances, such as student housing. 

Alternatively, a more flexible lease option is an indefinite rental agreement that has no termination date.

In the Netherlands, verbal rental agreements are legally valid. Still, we recommend signing a written agreement to serve as documentation and evidence in case of dispute or changes to the living situation.

The lease will include all necessary details about renting the particular property, the landlord's requirements and the tenant's housing rules. It will stipulate things like payment dates, notice periods, pet policies, deposits, and utilities.

Deposits

In Rotterdam, you can expect to pay one to three months’ rent as a security deposit. This is returned when the rental period terminates, as long as the state of the property remains as it was found.

Before moving in, request an accurate inspection list describing the condition of the property and any furniture. Agents or landlords can then inspect the property in line with these lists when you move out.

Terminating the lease

Ensure you follow the notice period requirements specified in your contract. Document any communication with the landlord or agent to avoid misunderstandings.

Utilities in Rotterdam

Utilities in Rotterdam, such as electricity, gas, water, waste management, and internet, are essential for a comfortable living experience. Here’s what you need to know:

Electricity and gas

Major providers like Eneco, Vattenfall, and Greenchoice dominate the market, offering options for both fixed and variable tariffs. Fixed-rate contracts lock in your costs for a set period, shielding you from price fluctuations, while variable rates adjust with market conditions.

Although some landlords include utilities in the rent, tenants usually arrange their contracts directly with providers. Green energy plans are widely available, with many providers offering renewable energy generated locally.

Water

Evides supplies high-quality potable water to Rotterdam households. Tap water here is safe to drink and meets EU standards. Setting up a water account is straightforward via Evides' website, where you'll provide your address and meter readings. In some cases, water charges are included in your rent, so check your rental agreement.

Bins and recycling

Rotterdam takes recycling and waste disposal seriously, with clearly defined systems in place. Each type of waste has its own bin. 

• Glass: for bottles and jars, separated for recycling
• Paper: which includes newspapers, cardboard, and similar materials
• Residual waste: for non-recyclable household waste

In some areas, additional options like Plastic Heroes (for plastics) and textile recycling through the Salvation Army are available. Waste collection schedules vary by neighbourhood and can be found on the municipal website. Many areas also feature underground waste containers; to access these, you’ll need a special pass, which is available from the municipality.

Improper waste sorting can result in fines, so follow local guidelines. Stay informed about updates to recycling policies as the municipality regularly refines its waste management practices.

Internet

Rotterdam offers a variety of internet providers, catering to diverse needs. These include KPN, VodafoneZiggo, Odido (formerly T-Mobile Netherlands) and DELTA Fiber. Many providers offer bundled packages with TV and phone services, which can be cost-effective depending on your needs.

Although coverage varies by neighbourhood, fibre-optic connections are increasingly common. Setup times for new connections range from a few days to two weeks, with expedited options available for an extra fee. Get the process started as soon as you can.

Serviced apartments often include pre-installed internet, but it’s always worth confirming the specifics with your landlord or property manager.

Useful links

• Eneco, Vattenfall, and Greenchoice
• Evides
• Rotterdam Waste Services
• Ziggo, KPN, Odido, and DELTA Fiber

The best places to live in Rotterdam

Choosing where to live in Rotterdam is a decision full of exciting options. From trendy, upmarket areas in the city centre to quieter, family-friendly suburbs on the outskirts, there’s a neighbourhood to suit your lifestyle and preferences.

Here’s a list of popular areas for new arrivals to consider in and around Rotterdam.

City-centre living in Rotterdam

Living in the city centre lets you experience the vibrant pulse of Rotterdam. If you’re here for a short stay, city-centre hotels or apartments offer the chance to immerse yourself in the bustling energy while working at one of the many international companies in Rotterdam Centrum. The district is also a transport hub, anchored by Rotterdam Centraal, the city’s major railway station.

Oude Westen

Oude Westen is a creative and multicultural neighbourhood, which is perfect if you enjoy a lively atmosphere. It’s packed with speciality shops, cafés, and restaurants that showcase the city’s diversity. Younger residents love its buzzing nightlife, featuring live music and nightclubs. Despite its central location, rental options in Oude Westen can be surprisingly affordable, making it an attractive choice if you’re on a budget.

Stadsdriehoek

Stadsdriehoek is home to Rotterdam’s maritime heritage, with waterfront restaurants, bars, and the iconic Markthal. This lively district blends modern amenities with historical charm, featuring landmarks like the Maritime Museum and views of Europe’s largest seaport. If you want to live amidst the city’s vibrant history and culture, this is the place to be.

Noordereiland

Noordereiland, an island in the Nieuwe Maas, offers residential tranquillity with stunning views of Rotterdam’s iconic bridges, including the modern Erasmusbrug. Its strategic location between the city’s northern and southern suburbs makes it a peaceful yet connected choice.

Northern and eastern areas of Rotterdam

Families often favour Rotterdam’s northern and eastern suburbs. These areas offer homes with gardens, excellent schools, and green spaces, creating a perfect environment for raising children. With efficient transport links, commuting is a breeze.

Rotterdam Noord

Rotterdam Noord is a serene neighbourhood just north of Rotterdam Centraal, making it ideal if you want proximity to the city without the hustle and bustle. The village-like atmosphere of Blijdorp, combined with nearby parks like Vroesenpark and attractions such as Rotterdam Zoo, makes it perfect for families. Housing in this area is typically reasonably priced, balancing charm and affordability. Planned expansions of green spaces, such as the Lage Bergse Bos, promise to enhance the area’s appeal for outdoor enthusiasts.

Hillegersberg

If luxury is your preference, Hillegersberg is one of Rotterdam’s most exclusive addresses. Known for its detached houses and villas surrounded by greenery, it offers a suburban feel within reach of the city centre. With excellent schools, beautiful parks, and easy transport options, Hillegersberg continues to attract affluent residents seeking a high quality of life. The area’s increasing popularity has made it a sought-after location for those wanting a blend of tranquillity and convenience.

Kralingen

Kralingen combines natural beauty with urban convenience. Home to Erasmus University, it attracts students, families, and executives alike. You’ll enjoy the serene Kralingse Bos forest and lake alongside a thriving selection of restaurants and cafés. Housing options range from apartments to spacious villas, catering to diverse needs.

Southern areas of Rotterdam

Rotterdam Zuid offers a mix of culture and connectivity. Suburbs here are well-linked by public transport and bicycle paths, making them practical for daily commuting while maintaining unique charm.

Kop van Zuid

Once an industrial port, Kop van Zuid is now a revitalised cultural and business district. Its modern architecture, including striking skyscrapers, hosts major companies and offers easy access to the city centre. The Erasmus Bridge connects Kop van Zuid directly to the city's northern parts, making it a convenient location for professionals and families. Its urban renewal has also positively influenced nearby areas, sparking further investment and development.

Katendrecht

Katendrecht has undergone a remarkable transformation, becoming a lively and colourful neighbourhood by the river. Known for its eclectic mix of dining options and scenic waterfront views, it’s an excellent choice if you’re seeking an affordable and lively place to live. Cultural highlights include the Fenix Food Factory and Deliplein Square, offering a dynamic mix of culinary and social experiences.

Western areas of Rotterdam

Rotterdam West offers a mix of history and modernity, with neighbourhoods like Delfshaven providing a glimpse into the city’s past. This area is popular with families, expats, and history buffs alike, offering a vivacious community vibe.

Delfshaven

Delfshaven is steeped in history, with charming streets and harbour views. It’s a lively district where you’ll find historical landmarks alongside modern bars and music venues. The area’s well-preserved architecture and its role as the Pilgrim Fathers’ departure point to the New World add layers of cultural significance. If you’re drawn to picturesque settings with a touch of history, Delfshaven won’t disappoint.

Schiedam

Located just west of Rotterdam, Schiedam is a gem of a city with a rich history and unique attractions, including some of the world’s tallest windmills. Its quaint atmosphere and family-friendly amenities make it an excellent choice for a day out or even a longer stay. Recent community initiatives, such as improved educational facilities and green spaces, have enhanced its appeal for families and newcomers.

If you’re moving to Rotterdam, you’ll be glad to know that the Netherlands has one of the best healthcare systems in Europe. Ranked 4th globally in the 2024 World Index of Healthcare Innovation, the Dutch healthcare system is recognised for its quality, advanced technology, and accessibility.

You’ll need to secure Dutch health insurance within four months of arriving, with coverage backdated to your arrival date. Even if you have international health insurance, it’s mandatory to register for Dutch health insurance to avoid fines.

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), and UK citizens can rely on the Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), for essential medical care during short-term visits. These cards offer access to healthcare on the same terms as local residents but don’t replace comprehensive insurance for longer stays.

Rotterdam is home to several leading hospitals, and most medical staff speak English, making healthcare accessible to international residents.

Read more about Medical Insurance and Healthcare in the Netherlands.

Hospitals in Rotterdam

Erasmus University Medical Center

Website: www.erasmusmc.nl 
Address: Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam

Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland

Website: www.franciscus.nl 
Address: Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM Rotterdam

Ikazia Ziekenhuis

Website: www.ikazia.nl 
Address: Montessoriweg 1, 3083 AN Rotterdam

Maasstad Hospital

Website: www.maasstadziekenhuis.nl 
Address: Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ Rotterdam

IJsselland Hospital

Located in nearby Capelle aan den IJssel, IJsselland Hospital serves the greater Rotterdam area.

Website: www.ysl.nl 
Address: Prins Constantijnweg 2, 2906 ZC Capelle aan den IJssel

While the range of schools and education styles in Rotterdam isn’t as extensive as that in Amsterdam, you still have a few options to choose from. As is the case throughout the Netherlands, both public and private schooling is of a high quality. Public schools typically teach in Dutch, while private international schools teach in the language of their country of origin.

If you have younger children and plan to stick around, they can pick up a new language relatively easily and are best suited to public schools in the Netherlands. Adapting to full-time schooling in a new language can be more challenging for older kids and teenagers. In this case, an international school or bilingual programme might work better for your family. Bilingual education is expanding, with some schools now offering Dutch-English programmes for primary and secondary students.

Homeschooling isn’t a common option in Rotterdam – it’s not explicitly recognised by Dutch law, and with the high quality of education in the city, most families don’t see the need for it.

Public schools in Rotterdam

Compulsory education in the Netherlands begins at the age of five. Still, most parents choose to start their child’s schooling at age four, especially since the government funds this non-compulsory year. Although some schools may ask for an additional voluntary parental contribution, tuition at Dutch public schools is free for children between 4 and 16. 

Teaching is in Dutch, which means that public schools may not always be the best option if you don’t speak Dutch or don’t plan to stay in the country long term. However, many schools support non-Dutch-speaking children through newcomers’ classes where they can learn the language and integrate into the regular curriculum.

Some public schools offer international sections with bilingual education designed for native English speakers. This can be an ideal solution for many families. Although not free, these programmes are subsidised by the government and are significantly cheaper than private international school fees. Only a few select schools in Rotterdam offer bilingual programmes.

Most children attend a school in the same neighbourhood where they live, which makes getting to school easy. This also means you’ll want to think about school choice when choosing accommodation in Rotterdam. Public schools often prioritise children within specific catchment areas, so proximity to a preferred school is key.

At age 12, children begin secondary school. Rotterdam, like the rest of the country, offers three public secondary schooling options: VMBO (voorbereidend middelbaar beroepsonderwijs), HAVO (hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs), and VWO (voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs). All three start with a general curriculum before offering specialised streams. HAVO and VWO are typically academically oriented, preparing students for university, while VMBO focuses on vocational training.

Read more about Education and Schools in the Netherlands.

Private and international schools in Rotterdam

Private international schools in Rotterdam are accredited to offer foreign curricula and generally provide a high standard of education with excellent facilities. Fees are typically high, so if you’re considering this option, ensuring it fits your budget is important, especially since education subsidies in relocation grants are becoming increasingly rare.

Choices for private international schools are limited, with just a handful of schools offering international curricula in Rotterdam. Demand often exceeds the available seats, so starting the application process as early as possible is best. These schools frequently cater to globally mobile families and offer a culturally diverse environment.

Nurseries in Rotterdam

If you have infants, you can find many childcare facilities and services across all areas and suburbs in Rotterdam. Daycare centres are typically open from 7am to 7pm, providing food, play activities, and care for the youngest infants. Preschools typically take children from ages two to four, helping them prepare for formal education.

Additionally, you can find after-school centres, join informal playgroups, or hire babysitters, nannies, or au pairs to help with childcare. These options provide flexibility for busy families and create opportunities for social interaction for your children.

Special educational needs in Rotterdam

The level of support for children with disabilities in Rotterdam is high. Many schools provide inclusive classroom settings with additional support staff and facilities, depending on your child’s needs. You can also find various informal support groups in the city to connect with other parents and share resources.

When searching for the most suitable school, your child may be evaluated, and you may be interviewed to determine their needs. Be sure to make an enquiry about this process at your local municipality.

Your child may be integrated into a mainstream school or placed in a school dedicated to children with special educational needs, such as speciaal basisonderwijs (SBO) and speciaal onderwijs. These schools are further divided into four specific clusters: children with visual impairments, hearing or speech impediments, physical or cognitive disabilities or chronic illnesses, and behavioural or social problems. Inclusive education continues to be a priority, ensuring that all children can access quality learning opportunities.

Useful links

• Inclusive Education in the Netherlands

Tutors in Rotterdam

You or your children can benefit from extra tuition in Rotterdam. Tutors are easily found through specific companies or online portals, offering private classes in a wide range of subjects, either online or in person.

Learning Dutch can be especially helpful in overcoming language barriers, and a private tutor is a great way to achieve this. Tutors also provide support for advanced subjects or exam preparation, making them a valuable resource for students of all ages.

Emerging trends include a growing emphasis on STEM subjects and the adoption of digital platforms, which offer flexible and personalised learning experiences. Popular learning platforms in Rotterdam include LanguaTalk, TUTOROO, and StudyTube.

Useful links

• LanguaTalk Dutch Language Platform
• TUTOROO Local Tutoring Services
• StudyTube Educational Resources

The lifestyle in Rotterdam is varied and exciting, and there always seems to be something new to explore. Whether you’re in the mood to indulge in a shopping spree, dine on fine cuisine, dance the night away or all of the above, here are a few tips on making the most out of what Rotterdam has to offer.

Shopping in Rotterdam

There are plenty of opportunities to shop up a storm in Rotterdam. Two main open-air shopping streets characterise the city’s shopping scene: Lijnbaan and Hoogstraat. These are connected by a sunken passage known colloquially as the koopgoot (literally ‘shopping gutter’). It’s more than just a passageway, though, and you can indulge in even more shopping here as you cross from one street to the other.

Van Oldenbarneveltstraat offers exclusive boutiques and speciality shops with a refined, intimate atmosphere. On Nieuwe Binnenweg, you’ll find a stretch of independent shops, vintage shops, and cosy cafés, perfect for uncovering distinctive items. Meanwhile, the Zwaanshalskwartier in northern Rotterdam is a hub for creative entrepreneurs, featuring artisanal products, fashion boutiques, and concept shops.

The popular Markthal is a must-visit destination, not only for its striking horseshoe-shaped design but also for its wide range of cultural influences. With nearly 100 food stalls offering international cuisines, from Mediterranean tapas to Asian delicacies and Dutch classics, the Markthal encapsulates Rotterdam’s multicultural essence. Be sure to look up and admire the massive mural, Hoorn des Overvloeds (Horn of Plenty), a vibrant symbol of the city’s blend of art and culture.

Seasonal markets also bring additional charm to Rotterdam’s shopping scene. The Sunday Market on Binnenrotte, running from April to September, is a highlight featuring artisan crafts and fresh produce. Similarly, the Swan Market showcases local designers and food vendors in a lively setting, adding variety to your shopping adventures.

Eating out in Rotterdam

Rotterdam’s culinary scene is growing, and there are several Michelin-starred restaurants in the city. International fare is a favourite, and you’ll find a rapidly expanding range of Thai, Spanish, Chinese, Indian, Italian, and French restaurants to choose from. Fusion cuisine, blending diverse culinary traditions, is also gaining popularity.

Beyond the lively Witte de Withstraat, various other areas offer exceptional dining experiences. West-Kruiskade, often called Rotterdam’s Chinatown, is a go-to spot for Asian cuisines, including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dishes. 

Head to the historic Delfshaven for Middle Eastern delights, where you’ll find authentic Turkish and Moroccan eateries. Kop van Zuid, a sleek modern district, boasts upscale international dining, including Italian and French options.

One standout destination is the Fenix Food Factory, a food hall housed in a converted warehouse in Katendrecht. With its industrial-chic ambience and stunning views of the Maas River, it offers a truly unique setting. Here, you can meet local artisans, including bakers, cheesemakers, and brewers, and sample handcrafted products. The factory also serves as a community hub, hosting workshops, live music, and cultural events.

Nightlife in Rotterdam

Rotterdam’s nightlife is as dynamic as the city, offering lively venues and cultural experiences. Witte de Withstraat remains the heartbeat of the city’s nightlife, with its eclectic blend of bars, clubs, and art spaces.

Music lovers are spoilt for choice in Rotterdam. The city’s electronic dance music (EDM) scene remains iconic, with events like Rotterdam Rave celebrating the genre’s evolution. Live music venues across the city cater to every taste, from jazz to hip-hop, ensuring there’s something for everyone.

Sports and outdoor activities in Rotterdam

Come rain or sunshine, you’ll see Rotterdam residents out and about on their bicycles. Countless outdoor activities are on offer in the city, from riverside strolls to simply enjoying the green spaces in one of the many parks dotted around various neighbourhoods.

Spring and summer bring warmer weather, perfect for cycling, boating, and open-air festivals. Parks like Kralingse Bos become hotspots for picnics and water sports, while the city’s waterfront buzzes with activity.

Rotterdam is also a cycling paradise thanks to its commitment to sustainable mobility. The city invests in innovative infrastructure, including smart cycling lanes and bike-friendly urban planning, setting a global example. Events and initiatives encourage residents and visitors alike to embrace cycling, making it the perfect way to explore the city while reducing your carbon footprint.

See and do in Rotterdam

Thanks to Rotterdam’s rich history and lively culture, you’ll have plenty of things to see and do in your new city. Here are some of the must-see tourist attractions in the city.

Cube houses

A famous instance of creative Rotterdam architecture, the cube houses are experimental living spaces designed by Piet Blom in the 1970s. Constructed on top of a pedestrian bridge, each house has diagonal walls, giving it the appearance of a cube shape. One cube is used as a ‘show cube’, allowing you to tour the interior of a cube house.

Erasmusbrug

The iconic Erasmusbrug can’t be missed in Rotterdam. It connects the northern and southern areas and suburbs of the city and is said to be the second-largest bridge in the Netherlands.

Euromast

This 606ft (185m) tower is the tallest building in the Netherlands and offers stunning panoramic views of Rotterdam. The tower has a coffee shop and a revolving restaurant, and you can even enjoy a traditional high tea. Adventurous visitors might enjoy abseiling or ziplining from the top of the tower.

Kralingse Plas

Arguably one of the city’s best-hidden gems, Kralingse Plas is a lake popularly used for water-related sports, from rowing and sailing to fishing. Kralingse Lake is a local favourite for picnics and simply hanging out in warm summer weather.

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

Centrally located at the Museumpark and only a short walk from the Natural History Museum, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen offers art enthusiasts the chance to take in its remarkable collection. This includes famous pieces by Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Monet, and Dal. Group visits and guided tours can be arranged.

Meeting people and making friends in Rotterdam

Connecting with others in Rotterdam is easy, thanks to the city’s vibrant community and numerous platforms designed to help you feel at home. Organisations like NewBees focus on fostering community. 

Joining expat-friendly groups is another fantastic way to expand your network. The Rotterdam Expat Centre offers essential services and advice, while organisations like the International Women’s Networking Group host regular social and professional events, ensuring you’ll feel right at home in no time.

Useful links

• NewBees
• Rotterdam Expat Centre
• International Women’s Networking Group
• Meetup Rotterdam

You will likely find getting around in Rotterdam using its public transport system efficient and affordable, while cycling is also popular. It isn’t really necessary to own a car, and you may find that it’s not worth the trouble (and extra expense), especially when there are so many good alternatives available.

Public transport in Rotterdam

Rotterdam has a well-integrated public transport system consisting of buses, trams, and the metro. RET (Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram) operates and coordinates all public transport in the city.

The OV system is used to access public transport in Rotterdam and throughout the Netherlands. By the end of 2025, the OV-chipkaart will transition to the new OVpay system, which allows you to pay directly using contactless bank cards or mobile payment apps like Apple Pay and Google Wallet. Until then, you can still use the current OV-chipkaart.

For tourists or short-term visitors, anonymous OV-chipkaarten can be purchased at stations and retail outlets, but with OVpay, you can simply use your contactless debit or credit card to travel, making it even more convenient.

Trams

Nine tram lines operate permanently in the city, with additional lines operating only during big events or festivals. New tram routes and schedules have recently been introduced to enhance connectivity, including faster connections on Lines 6 and 8 between Kleiweg and Rotterdam Central Station. Some existing lines will be shortened to improve reliability, requiring transfers at Rotterdam Central Station.

Although they can become crowded during peak hours, trams are ideal for short-distance travel within neighbourhoods. 

Buses

Buses in Rotterdam are essential for reaching areas not served by the metro or tram. They connect residential neighbourhoods, industrial zones, and peripheral regions, ensuring comprehensive coverage across the city.

The bus network spans about 270 miles (430km), making it a reliable option for exploring neighbourhoods or accessing outlying areas. Passengers should check the RET website or app for the latest schedules and service changes.

Ferries

For trips between Rotterdam and Dordrecht, you can hop on board the Aqualiner ferry service or the Waterbus. Popular Waterbus routes include Line 20, connecting Erasmusbrug to Dordrecht, and Line 21, offering a direct link to Kinderdijk, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These services are ideal for both commuting and sightseeing, offering scenic views of Rotterdam’s waterways.

Ferries are bike-friendly, and you can bring your bicycle on board at no extra cost. While ferries don’t match the frequency of trams or metros, they provide a unique way to travel, free from road congestion. Plans are underway to introduce fully electric waterbuses by 2030, enhancing sustainability and capacity.

Trains

Rotterdam Centraal is a major rail hub, offering excellent connectivity for both regional and international travel. Domestic routes connect you to cities like Amsterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht, while international services such as Thalys and Eurostar link Rotterdam to Antwerp, Brussels, and Paris.

Train travel is faster but often pricier than local transport options. Regular commuters can benefit from NS season tickets and discount plans, while those primarily travelling within Rotterdam might find metro and tram subscriptions more economical.

Useful links

• RET Official Website
• OVpay Official Portal

Taxis in Rotterdam

There are two options for taking a taxi in Rotterdam: by road or by water.

You can hail regular taxi cabs on the street throughout the city as long as the light on their roof is on, indicating availability. Otherwise, you can call a cab via phone or mobile application, and ride-sharing services like Uber and Bolt also operate in the city.

Besides Rotterdam’s ferries, Watertaxis traverse the Maas River and are a fun and speedy way to get around. With 8 or 12 seats, these boats stop at around 50 points across Rotterdam. All newly registered taxis and Watertaxis must now be zero-emission, part of Rotterdam’s commitment to sustainability.

Taxi demand is highest during weekday commuting hours and in nightlife hotspots like Witte de Withstraat and Oude Haven.

• Rotterdamse Taxi Centrale (RTC)
• Rotterdam Taxi Service (RTS)
• Uber
• Bolt
• Watertaxi Rotterdam

Cycling in Rotterdam

The Dutch are known worldwide for their love of cycling. Living in Rotterdam, you’ll find that joining in is an easy and convenient way to get around and has the desirable side effect of getting some exercise and fresh air. Although Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands, it’s still relatively compact, and there are plenty of cycle paths that make it easy to get around on two wheels.

Several e-bike sharing schemes are operational in Rotterdam, allowing you to pick up and drop off bikes at the many docking stations around the city. Cycling enthusiasts might prefer to purchase their own bicycle, in which case you should be able to easily find a new or second-hand bicycle that suits you.

You can take bicycles on board the metro and ferries, although only certain types of compact bicycles can be taken on buses and trams.

Rotterdam’s ‘Fietskoers 2025’ initiative makes the city even more bike-friendly. Wide, safe cycle paths are being constructed, and additional bicycle parking facilities are being installed at key locations like Central Station.

Useful links

• Go Sharing
• Felyx

Driving in Rotterdam

Rotterdam’s excellent public transport system and well-developed cycling infrastructure make it easy to get around the city without a car. In fact, the government actively discourages driving, with measures such as high taxes and expensive parking in place to deter the use of private vehicles.

Rotterdam has introduced zero-emission zones, where only emission-free delivery vehicles are permitted. Parking fees have also risen significantly, with hourly rates among the highest in the Netherlands.

These measures aim to improve air quality and encourage the use of sustainable transport options. The city also offers incentives for businesses to transition to electric vehicles, aligning with national environmental goals.

If you do decide to drive, you’ll need to find out if your current driver’s licence is valid in the Netherlands or if you need to exchange it. When purchasing a vehicle, be sure to take the tax, fuel, and parking costs into account.

Read more about Driving and Driver's Licences in the Netherlands.

Useful links

• Rotterdam City Parking Information

Walking in Rotterdam

Rotterdam is a pedestrian-friendly city, so getting around on foot is easy and convenient. Along with its many cycle paths, Rotterdam’s pavements are well maintained. The ‘Rotterdam Walks 2025’ initiative has further improved walkability with safer crossings, better sidewalks, and expanded pedestrian zones.

Certain neighbourhoods are particularly delightful for walking. Hillegersberg-Schiebroek offers green spaces and a tranquil atmosphere, while Kralingen-Crooswijk is perfect for park strolls and has a vibrant, student-friendly vibe. The city centre remains a bustling yet safe area, with well-lit streets and pedestrianised shopping zones like Lijnbaan.

Walking conditions in Rotterdam vary with the seasons. Spring and summer are ideal for leisurely strolls, while winter might require caution due to slippery pathways. Always check the weather and dress accordingly for a pleasant experience year-round.

Useful links

• Rotterdam Routes App