Since the country gained independence, doing business in Azerbaijan has presented both opportunities and challenges. Foreign investment is actively encouraged, and expats will find a friendly and hospitable business environment. The country has shown strong economic growth, and its resilience has become a hallmark of the Azerbaijani market.

The economy’s backbone is still the oil and gas industry, where many foreigners secure work. That said, Azerbaijan has been steadily diversifying, with its non-oil sectors achieving impressive growth that far outpaces the oil sector’s growth. Four sectors lead this charge: agriculture, tourism, information technology, and transport/logistics. Baku, the capital, serves as the heart of Azerbaijani business – the most Western-influenced city where most expats are based.

While infrastructure has seen rapid development alongside improved services, the gap between rich and poor in Azerbaijan has widened. Wealth increasingly rests in the hands of a small elite, and corruption affects many business dealings.

Working in Azerbaijan 

Fast facts

Business hours

Business hours in Azerbaijan typically run Monday to Friday, 9am or 10am to 5pm or 6pm. Some government offices are open on Saturdays. Time flows differently here – Azeris take a relaxed approach to punctuality, and meetings may start late. Don’t be surprised when arriving within 30 minutes of the scheduled time is considered perfectly acceptable.

Business language

The official business language is Azerbaijani (Azeri), but Russian is widely spoken and often preferred in business settings. English usage is growing, particularly in the oil and gas sector, but it’s rather uncommon elsewhere. Consider hiring an interpreter for business meetings to manage language barriers smoothly.

Greeting

Greeting etiquette in Azerbaijan follows traditional patterns. Men typically exchange handshakes. As a businesswoman, you may also greet with a handshake, but expat men should wait for a local woman to extend her hand first – a small but meaningful gesture of cultural awareness.

Dress

The dress code for business in Azerbaijan trends toward Western-style clothing. For business settings, bring formal and conservative attire. Smart-casual works well for social occasions. First impressions carry significant weight in Azeri society.

Gifts

Gift-giving customs in Azerbaijan involve subtle rituals. Items won’t be opened immediately, but after the meeting concludes. The hospitality rule of three applies – offer gifts or food to business partners at least three times, and when receiving, accept only after the third offering. Quality items representing your country or company make appropriate gifts.

Gender equality

Gender equality in Azerbaijan presents a mixed picture. While there is legally guaranteed gender equality, practical reality differs sharply. Women hold just 22 percent of parliamentary positions and virtually no ministerial roles. Traditional gender roles are firmly entrenched in business culture.

Business cards

Business cards in Azerbaijan function best when presented with Azeri text on one side and English or Russian on the reverse. This practical approach bridges communication gaps and demonstrates respect for local business customs.

Business culture in Azerbaijan

Business culture in Azerbaijan reflects its deeply hierarchical society, where status carries significant weight in every interaction. This hierarchical structure permeates all business dealings. Decision-making often takes time, so cultivate patience when working in this market.

Relationships

Relationship building forms the cornerstone of Azerbaijani business success. Deals happen between people who know and trust each other rather than between companies. Networking proves indispensable, as personal recommendations drive business opportunities. Build rapport with local associates as a priority to earn their trust before business discussions begin.

Communication

Communication styles in Azerbaijan tend toward indirectness. Direct questions or criticisms might come across as confrontational. Local businesspeople often ‘talk around the issue’ using metaphors or stories to convey messages. Learn some key phrases in Azeri and Russian to demonstrate a commitment to your Azerbaijani business relationships. For important meetings, arranging interpreter services is a practical necessity.

Meetings

Meetings in Azerbaijan begin with an important preliminary step – sending an introductory letter outlining your company, history and visit purpose. When face-to-face, start with a casual conversation about family and general topics before addressing business matters. Building personal connections takes precedence over immediate business outcomes. Azeris are firm negotiators, so prepare to bargain. Meeting times serve as general guidelines rather than strict appointments, so expect some flexibility in schedules.

Dos and don’ts of business in Azerbaijan

• Don’t discuss politics with local business associates. Criticising the government should be avoided completely. The topic of Azerbaijan’s relationship with Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh situation is particularly sensitive.
• Do arrive on time for meetings, even when local associates might follow a more relaxed schedule. Your punctuality demonstrates professionalism and respect.
• Do learn basic phrases in Azeri or Russian. English remains limited outside the oil and gas sector, and this small effort makes a sizeable impression on potential business partners.
• Do initiate meetings with friendly conversation about non-business topics like family. This approach builds the foundation of trust necessary for successful business relationships in Azerbaijan.
• Do recognise that while most citizens identify as Muslim, Azerbaijan functions as a largely secular society where religion remains primarily a private matter.
• Do bring appropriate business gifts that reflect your home country or company. Avoid alcohol unless you’re certain the recipient drinks.

Working in Azerbaijan means working in a country with a rich history as part of the extensive Silk Road trade routes linking Asia and the Arabian Peninsula to Europe and Africa. Commerce and economic relations have played a major role in shaping the country’s culture. While Azerbaijan isn’t yet as popular an expat destination as other European locations, the country’s abundant oil and gas reserves have attracted substantial foreign investment in recent years.

Thanks to this natural resource wealth, Azerbaijan has developed and diversified and seen an influx of foreigners seeking work opportunities. The capital, Baku, is the centre of commerce and where most expats working in Azerbaijan are based.

If you’re working in Azerbaijan, you are legally required to have a valid work permit, which is usually arranged through your employer. The process typically requires your employer to prove that a local Azerbaijani couldn’t fill the position, demonstrating that your unique skills are needed for the role. Once approved, your work permit validity will match your employment contract period.

Job market in Azerbaijan

Given the country's wealth of natural resources, the job market in Azerbaijan traditionally offers opportunities in the oil, gas, and energy industries. Agriculture is another key economic sector, and you may be interested to know that the country also boasts a significant winemaking industry that’s seen recent growth as a tourism draw.

Azerbaijan’s government has actively diversified the economy beyond traditional sectors, and the non-oil sector is growing quite a bit faster than the oil and gas sector. Communications and information technology offer increasing opportunities for expat professionals, and tourism has bounced back post-pandemic.

Education also presents opportunities if you’re seeking employment. International schools appeal not only to families who move to Azerbaijan with kids but also to teachers with wanderlust who have experience teaching international curricula.

Infrastructure development projects and rising housing demand have fuelled the construction industry, which is booming. The Baku 2040 master plan aims to transform the capital from a monocentric to a multicentric sustainable city, creating new economic zones and improved transport networks. The government’s focus on renewable energy development also presents new employment possibilities for international talent looking to build a career abroad.

International Schools in Azerbaijan
Public Transport in Azerbaijan

Finding a job in Azerbaijan

Finding a job in Azerbaijan is not a concern for most expats, who arrive on an intra-company transfer for a short-term project. If you arrive in the country without a job offer in hand, you’ll want to start your search online. You’ll find numerous job portals where companies advertise in both English and Azerbaijani, with popular sites including Jobsearch.az, Boss.az, and LinkedIn.

You might also go through recruitment companies. Large corporate enterprises may have direct, steady recruitment drives for projects in Azerbaijan, particularly in the growing renewable energy and construction sectors.

Communication will likely be your biggest hurdle in Azerbaijan. Language barriers frequently cause issues adapting in the workplace for new arrivals. English proficiency varies widely across sectors – it’s more common in multinational companies, oil and gas firms, and tourism, while local businesses typically operate in Azeri and Russian. It’s well worth learning at least a few key phrases in one or both of these languages to build rapport with colleagues and demonstrate respect for the local culture.

Local Culture in Azerbaijan

Useful links

• Jobsearch.az
• Boss.az
• Manpower Azerbaijan

Work culture in Azerbaijan

Work culture in Azerbaijan puts relationships first. Azerbaijanis bring their trademark friendliness into business settings, where building rapport and developing trust matters more than rushing straight to business. Meetings typically begin with social conversation before addressing formal agenda items. Punctuality is appreciated, but there’s some flexibility, as meetings may occasionally begin later than scheduled.

Respect for hierarchy and elders plays an important role in Azerbaijani workplace culture. Senior members are typically addressed first in meetings, and their opinions carry significant weight. When working in Azerbaijan, demonstrating this respect shows appreciation for experience and tradition.

Islam is the predominant religion in Azerbaijan. However, the society is largely secular, and it follows that the workplace is too. Business dress is formal and conservative, similar to Western countries, and you’re advised to dress according to the weather, which can get extreme in both winter and summer. Standard working hours generally follow the typical 9-to-5 pattern, although this can vary by industry.

Doing Business in Azerbaijan

Local culture in Azerbaijan reflects strong influences from Middle Eastern, Russian and Turkish traditions, creating a distinctive cultural identity. Most of the population is Azerbaijani, also known as Azeri (representing about 95 percent of the total population), with minority groups including Lezgins, Russians, Talysh, Avars, and Turks. These cultures have all contributed to Azerbaijan’s rich history and its unique traditions, language and cuisine.

You may take some time to adjust to the local culture in Azerbaijan, but any feelings of discomfort should pass as you become more accustomed to life here.

Language barrier in Azerbaijan

The language barrier in Azerbaijan is likely to be one of the biggest obstacles you’ll face. Azerbaijani (also known as Azeri) is the official language. As with Azeri culture, it is closely related to Turkish. Many residents also speak Russian as a second language, and Turkish is also spoken.

While English is increasingly used in business circles, particularly in the energy sector, the majority of the population can’t speak or understand it. A 2023 report ranked Azerbaijan 86th among 116 countries in English proficiency, with the level classified as ‘low’.

In general, when dealing with the local population, communication will likely be challenging if you’re unable to speak one of the local languages. Azerbaijani can be a complex language to learn, but attempting at least a few key phrases will go a long way to interacting positively with the local population. You can also negotiate the language barrier with the help of a friend or colleague who speaks Azeri and, when house hunting, hire a real estate agent who has experience working with expats.

Business Culture in Azerbaijan 
Renting Accommodation in Azerbaijan

Food and drink in Azerbaijan

Food and drink in Azerbaijan feature flavours largely influenced by Turkish, Russian and Asian cuisines. Meat and rice are popular, and spices are commonly used to create rich and intense flavours. Azerbaijani cuisine is hearty, and portions are generous. The country’s favourable climate also means that fresh produce is readily available throughout most of the year.

A popular dish in Azerbaijan is plov, a rice dish flavoured with saffron and enriched with meat or vegetable stuffing. Azerbaijan boasts over 40 different plov recipes, making it a staple in the national cuisine. Kebabs and shashlik (skewered meat) are also popular dishes, typically made with lamb, beef, chicken, or sturgeon fish served with a tart pomegranate sauce called narsharab.

Black tea flavoured with spices is a traditional drink offered as a welcome before a meal and usually served afterwards too. Although most of the population is Muslim, alcohol is widely available and readily consumed in Azerbaijan.

Meeting and greeting in Azerbaijan

There are specific customs when it comes to meeting and greeting in Azerbaijan. Men typically greet each other with a handshake. Women will also greet each other with a handshake, or if they’re very familiar with each other, a kiss on the cheek. For expat men greeting a woman, it’s best to wait for her either to make initial contact or not. The usual greeting in Azerbaijan is ‘Salaam’, meaning ‘Hello’.

While Azerbaijanis are generally friendly and hospitable to newcomers, they are often misinterpreted as unfriendly, as they seldom smile at strangers. Smiling is usually reserved for relatives and close friends.

When arriving at an Azeri’s home, it’s customary to remove your shoes. The host may offer you slippers. It’s also polite to bring a gift, although you should avoid gifting alcohol unless you’re certain the family drinks. If giving flowers, bring an odd number, as even numbers are usually reserved for funerals.

Religion in Azerbaijan

Religion in Azerbaijan has a unique character; while the majority of the population is classified as Muslim (approximately 96 percent), very few Azeris would describe themselves as religious. Azerbaijan is considered one of the most secular states in the Muslim world, and religion is viewed as a very private matter. The country observes freedom of religion, and besides Muslims, there are Christian, Orthodox and Jewish minorities.

Respect for religion and religious sites is important when visiting. This includes avoiding taking photos of mosques and churches unless you have explicitly asked permission.

Women in Azerbaijan

Women in Azerbaijan live in a society that officially promotes gender equality but maintains many traditional gender roles. Family is at the centre of Azerbaijani society; men are viewed as the main breadwinners and women traditionally look after the home and children. In the 2024 Global Gender Gap Index, Azerbaijan ranks 103rd out of 146 countries, with particular challenges in women’s political empowerment.

Some women do achieve success in high-level positions within both the political and corporate arenas, with recent legal reforms improving employment opportunities. Men are also highly chivalrous towards women, and still give up their seats on buses and open doors for them.

Women and men living in Azerbaijan’s capital city dress in modern Western-style clothing, although business attire tends to be formal, particularly for women. Outside of Baku, dressing conservatively is generally more acceptable.

LGBTQ+ in Azerbaijan

LGBTQ+ in Azerbaijan face a legal and social environment that differs significantly from many Western countries. Same-sex relationships were decriminalised in 2000, but there are no laws protecting against discrimination, and same-sex marriages or civil unions aren’t recognised. As a predominantly Muslim and traditional society, public attitudes toward LGBTQ+ people remain largely conservative.

If you identify as LGBTQ+, it’s advisable to be discreet about your sexual orientation in public spaces. Baku, the capital, tends to be more tolerant than rural areas, but public displays of affection between same-sex couples should be avoided throughout the country. LGBTQ+-friendly venues may be subject to random raids, and activists have reported cases of harassment and detention.

Transport in Azerbaijan

Transport in Azerbaijan offers several options, particularly in Baku, where you’ll find a clean, modern metro system, extensive bus networks, and affordable taxis. The Baku Metro provides efficient travel through the capital, while ride-sharing apps like Bolt operate throughout the city. Outside Baku, many expats find having a private vehicle or driver essential for getting around the country.

Public transport costs are remarkably low compared to Western countries, making daily commuting budget-friendly. Many expats living in Baku choose to hire private drivers, which is an affordable option compared to Western standards. When venturing beyond the capital to explore tourist destinations like Gobustan National Reserve or other regions, having your own transport arrangement becomes particularly valuable.

Telecommunications in Azerbaijan

Telecommunications in Azerbaijan have seen significant development, and nearly 90 percent of the population uses the internet. There are several mobile options for expats, with Azercell being the largest provider offering extensive coverage and premium services, while Bakcell focuses on more affordable packages.

When settling in Azerbaijan, you’ll find getting connected relatively straightforward, with both prepaid SIM cards and eSIM options widely available. Internet speeds in urban areas are generally reliable, although connectivity can occasionally be affected in rural regions. The government’s ‘Online Azerbaijan’ project aims to further improve nationwide internet access.

Tips to overcome culture shock in Azerbaijan

• To overcome culture shock in Azerbaijan, learn at least a few key Azeri phrases. It’s a difficult language to learn, but it helps enormously when getting along with locals.
• Never insult the president, Ilham Aliyev, or the ruling Aliyev family, as this is an offence. It’s best to avoid discussions about politics altogether. This includes the sensitive issue of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Azerbaijan’s relations with Armenia.
• It’s best to avoid discussing religion. Most people are Muslim, but religion is viewed as a very private matter.
• Don’t take it personally if Azeris do not smile at first. It doesn’t mean they are not welcoming; it’s just not customary to smile at strangers. Apart from this, Azeris are known for their hospitality, and if you’re in trouble, they will likely be happy to help.

When choosing international schools in Azerbaijan, you’ll find several high-quality options that maintain excellent standards. These schools follow various curricula, including British, American, and International Baccalaureate programmes, giving your family plenty of educational choices. All international schools are located in Baku, making the capital city the hub for expat education.

Families living in other cities like Sumgait or Ganja typically commute to Baku for international schooling options.

Some of the international schools in Azerbaijan are listed below.

International schools in Azerbaijan

Baku International School (QSI)

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: Quality Schools International Curriculum (American-based)
Ages: 2 to 18
Website: www.qsi.org/baku

Baku Oxford School

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Early Years Curriculum, British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels), and Azerbaijani
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.bakuoxfordschool.com

British School in Baku (BSB)

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE and A-levels)
Ages: 5 to 18
Website: www.bsb.edu.az

European Azerbaijan School (EAS)

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate (PYP, MYP, DP)
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.eas.az

The International School of Azerbaijan (TISA)

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 19
Website: www.tisa.az

MTK International School (The Modern Educational Complex Named in Honour of Heydar Aliyev)

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Primary Curriculum, British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge Secondary Curriculum with IGCSE, A-Levels), and Azerbaijani
Ages: 2 to 18
Website: www.mtk.edu.az

SABIS Sun International School

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: SABIS International Curriculum
Ages: 4 to 18
Website: sabissun.sabis.net

Dunya School

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: dunyaschool.az

When planning your move to Azerbaijan, you’ll discover a populous country lying on the Caspian Sea, ensconced between the Caucasus Mountains, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. This expat guide to Azerbaijan shows how the country’s geography, natural resources, and location – where East meets West – have shaped its rich cultural heritage and economic development.

Living in Azerbaijan as an expat

Living in Azerbaijan places expats at the heart of a former Silk Road network, where international trade has been significant throughout its history. The country is rich in oil and gas reserves, which continue to attract foreign investment and expats working in the energy sector.

Azerbaijan has developed significantly over the past few decades. Its capital, Baku, showcases this transformation with its modern cityscape, efficient metro system, extensive public transport network, luxury hotel accommodation, and unique architectural designs.

Interesting buildings such as the Heydar Aliyev Centre and the three 530- to 600-foot (160m to 180m) Flame Towers, linked to the country’s adopted motto, the Land of Fire, contrast with those in the Old City. Icherisheher, the historical centre of Baku, will surely impress newcomers, with sites including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and the 12th-century Maiden Tower.

When moving to Azerbaijan, expats face a range of hurdles, from culture shock to safety concerns, but locals often go out of their way to help newcomers settle in. Crime rates in Baku have dropped in recent years. The Nagorno-Karabakh situation has evolved significantly since 2020. Following Azerbaijan’s offensive in late 2023, the region was officially dissolved in 2024, and a draft peace treaty between Armenia and Azerbaijan was finalised in early 2025. Most expats live in or around Baku, well away from affected areas.

Safety in Azerbaijan

Working in Azerbaijan

To legally work in Azerbaijan, you’ll need both a work permit and a temporary residence permit. Unlike tourist visas, which are available through Azerbaijan’s eVisa portal, work visas must be processed through the consulate in your home country. Recent changes exempt highly qualified foreign professionals from work permits in certain cases, although a residence permit is mandatory.

The Azerbaijan job market provides opportunities primarily in the energy sector, although the economy has diversified considerably, and non-oil industries are growing quickly. Job opportunities now span teaching, construction, humanitarian aid, agriculture, and a growing winemaking industry.

International companies often provide competitive packages for skilled foreign workers, particularly in Baku. Knowledge of Russian proves advantageous, although many businesses operate in English.

Finding a Job in Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani culture

Azerbaijan’s culture reflects its place at the nexus of East and West, a convergence that is apparent in all kinds of Azerbaijani cultural traditions from cuisine to etiquette. The Azerbaijani people are warm and hospitable, with strong family values. Islam is the predominant religion, although the country maintains a secular stance.

Azerbaijan is a hierarchical society where traditions, family, and religious affiliation often take precedence over official laws. Women have many rights in Azerbaijan, but in practice, gender roles often follow traditional patterns.

Tea culture forms a cornerstone of social life and hospitality. You’ll likely receive invitations to share tea served in special pear-shaped glasses called armudus, accompanied by sweets and conversation. The arts scene thrives with carpet-weaving traditions that vary across regions, each with distinct designs reflecting the local natural landscapes and beliefs.

Local Culture in Azerbaijan

Finding accommodation in Azerbaijan

When searching for expat housing in Azerbaijan, you’ll find most options concentrated in Baku. Standards differ dramatically, depending on whether you lock down a basic Soviet-era flat or a modern luxury development. Many expats choose to live in the city centre or in newer developments in the suburbs, and some companies provide housing compounds for their international employees.

The rental process can prove challenging if you don’t have knowledge of the local language or property market. Hiring a local estate agent familiar with expat needs will simplify your search.

Renting Accommodation in Azerbaijan

Cost of living in Azerbaijan

The cost of living for expats in Azerbaijan presents both challenges and advantages. Baku ranks among the more affordable capital cities globally. Housing standards vary and living expenses can strain local budgets, but with a competitive expat employment package, you’ll find daily costs manageable and dining options plentiful.

Cost of Living in Azerbaijan

Living in Azerbaijan with children

Life in Azerbaijan is family-friendly, with a strong cultural emphasis on children and family values. Baku has several parks, museums, and recreational facilities ideal for young ones. The Baku Boulevard (National Park) stretching along the Caspian Sea makes a fantastic spot for families to spend relaxing days outdoors. Luna Park near the city centre attracts families with exciting rides, games, and a lively atmosphere. Many expat families live in compounds or secured apartment complexes with facilities like playgrounds and swimming pools.

You should plan carefully for your family’s healthcare needs. While Baku offers decent medical care, healthcare facilities are limited outside the capital. We strongly recommend getting comprehensive medical insurance – try negotiating with your employer to cover this expense. Public healthcare is improving but varies greatly in quality, so private medical insurance is a must for expat families.

Healthcare and Medical Insurance in Azerbaijan

Finding a school in Azerbaijan

When researching international education in Azerbaijan for your children, you’ll face particular challenges in selecting suitable options. Russian is spoken across the country alongside ethnic minority languages, but Azerbaijani is the official language and main language of instruction in public schools.

Given these language barriers, expats don’t typically send their children to public schools; instead, they choose international schools, all concentrated in Baku, or boarding schools abroad. Most international schools follow either British, American, or International Baccalaureate curricula, with instruction primarily in English.

School and Education for Expats in Azerbaijan 
International Schools in Azerbaijan

Getting around in Azerbaijan

Getting around in Azerbaijan is relatively straightforward, especially in Baku with its modern metro system and extensive bus network. The capital uses the BakiKart prepaid card system for payment on the Baku Metro and BakuBus services, available from vending machines at metro stations and many bus stops. Taxis abound and cost relatively little, although you may have to get used to agreeing on fares beforehand, as many taxis are not metered.

For travel between cities, trains and buses connect major urban centres, although the quality and availability of these services drop outside the main routes. If you plan to drive, note that expats staying in Azerbaijan for over one month must get a local driver’s licence through the ASAN Service Offices.

Public Transport in Azerbaijan 
Driver’s Licences and Driving in Azerbaijan

Climate and weather in Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan’s weather patterns vary considerably across the country’s nine climatic zones. Most regions lie in the Humid subtropical zone, with no dry season. Summer temperatures can reach highs of 92°F (33°C), while winter (December to March) typically ranges from 34°F to 57°F (1°C to 14°C). In the mountain regions during winter, temperatures drop below zero, often as low as 14°F (-10°C). Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant conditions for outdoor activities.

Climate Charts for Azerbaijan

Moving to Azerbaijan may not be smooth sailing for every newcomer, but by understanding cultural and political sensitivities, you and your family can embrace life in this country with an open mind.

Fast facts

Population: Around 10.4 million

Capital city: Baku

Neighbouring countries: Azerbaijan is bordered by Russia and Georgia to the north, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The Nakhchivan exclave sits between Armenia to the east and Turkey to the west.

Geography: Bordering the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan straddles Western Asia and Eastern Europe. The Greater Caucasus mountain range is in the north, and the country’s central region is characterised by extensive flatlands. Nearly half of all the world’s mud volcanoes are in Azerbaijan.

Political system: Unitary semi-presidential republic

Major religion: Islam. Azerbaijan is largely secular, and religion is generally viewed as a private matter.

Main languages: Azerbaijani (also referred to as Azeri), with some Russian and Armenian spoken in some of the border regions.

Money: The Azerbaijani Manat (AZN) is divided into 100 qapik. ATMs and card facilities are readily available in all major urban centres, but rural areas often rely on cash.

Time: GMT+4

Electricity: 220 volts, 50 Hz. European-style plugs with two round pins are used (types C and F)

Internet domain: .az

International dialling code: 994

Emergency contacts: 101 (fire); 102 (police); 103 (ambulance); 112 (general emergency)

Transport and driving: Vehicles drive on the right-hand side of the road. Despite Baku’s modern metro system, public transport can be unreliable and doesn’t cover all areas, and many expats prefer to use a private vehicle.

The weather in Azerbaijan is remarkably diverse, with eight distinct climate types spread across three main climatic zones. These zones consist of the area north of the mountainous regions, the area south of the mountainous regions, and the coast of the Caspian Sea.

You’ll encounter stark temperature variations between coastal and mountainous areas, where heavy snow blankets the winter landscape. In mountain regions, temperatures plummet to as low as 14°F (-10°C), while the Caspian coast stays milder at around 37°F (3°C). The sea acts as a natural temperature regulator, cooling coastal areas in summer and warming them in winter.

Summers in the capital of Baku, which hugs the shoreline, bring hot days with temperatures typically ranging from 68°F to 89°F (20°C to 32°C), although humidity stays relatively low in summer months. Baku's winters run cold with temperatures usually between 36°F and 50°F (2°C to 10°C). While November (which marks the transition from autumn to winter) is the rainiest month of the year, the core winter months of December through February are relatively dry.

You can pack light clothes for summer trips, but toss in a jumper for cool evenings by the sea. For winter visits, you’ll want proper cold-weather gear and an umbrella, particularly when heading to mountainous areas where snowfall makes some mountain passes impassable for up to four months yearly. The smart approach? Layer your clothing when travelling between regions, as temperatures can shift dramatically within short distances.

When relocating to Azerbaijan for safety reasons, you’ll find that most expats settle in Baku, which sits far from conflict zones. The situation regarding the Armenia border and the Nagorno-Karabakh region has shifted dramatically since 2023. Although tensions have eased, these formerly disputed areas demand caution, and you’d do well to avoid discussing these sensitive matters with locals.

The good news? Baku boasts lower crime rates than many world capitals. That said, take normal precautions during your stay in Azerbaijan and keep tabs on security developments and local regulations.

Crime in Azerbaijan

Crime rates in Azerbaijan are relatively low, with Baku ranking as one of the safer capital cities in the region. Still, petty criminals target tourist hotspots and crowded areas. Foreign visitors have reported home burglaries, robbery and assault, although such incidents rarely occur. Women face unwanted male attention and should exercise caution when travelling alone, particularly after dark.

Watch out for bank card fraud when withdrawing cash or using credit cards. Avoid street ATMs completely, and inform your bank about planned international transactions. Report any suspicious activity straight away.

While martial law was briefly imposed during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, these measures were lifted in December 2020. The government can swiftly change regulations, so check with your embassy for current information.

Working in Azerbaijan

Human rights issues in Azerbaijan

Human rights issues in Azerbaijan are an ongoing concern, with international organisations flagging concerns about freedom of speech and expression. Journalists and human rights lawyers criticising the government risk arrest or harassment, and the LGBTQ+ community faces intimidation. Although homosexuality isn’t illegal, the LGBTQ+ community lacks legal protection. Discrimination persists, and public displays of affection may see social disapproval, especially outside Baku.

Criticising the government or the ruling Aliyev family constitutes an offence, so steer clear of political discussions. The authorities monitor social media, and critical posts can land you in hot water.

Corruption in Azerbaijan

Corruption in Azerbaijan runs deep, touching nearly all aspects of daily life. The 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International gives the country just 22 points out of 100, placing it 154th among 180 nations. If your work or business brings you to Azerbaijan, stay alert to potentially corrupt dealings and take time to grasp local business customs.

Doing Business in Azerbaijan

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in Azerbaijan

The Nagorno-Karabakh situation underwent dramatic changes in 2023. After Azerbaijan’s military operation in September 2023, the region fell fully under Azerbaijani control. The self-declared Republic of Artsakh was officially dissolved on 1 January 2024, with most ethnic Armenians fleeing the area – nearly 100,000 people crossed into Armenia in just one week.

Although Azerbaijan now governs all seven districts of Nagorno-Karabakh, the conflict’s aftermath still haunts the region. Major governments, including the UK and the US, urge caution when travelling to these areas. The Nagorno-Karabakh issue is a powder keg topic in Azerbaijan, and it is best left undiscussed with locals. The government has launched trials against former Armenian officials from the region, underscoring the ongoing tensions.

Road safety in Azerbaijan

Road safety poses real dangers in Azerbaijan. Many drivers show reckless behaviour, traffic signs and rules are often ignored, and accidents happen frequently. If you live in central Baku, the metro offers a safer transport option, but if you must drive, stay defensive and hyper-aware of risks.

When winter brings snow, pack emergency supplies in your vehicle: a blanket, shovel, old carpet (for traction) and torch in case you get stranded. Skip night driving outside major cities, where poor lighting and road conditions create hazards.

Getting Around in Azerbaijan

The healthcare system in Azerbaijan has seen steady improvements as the government, backed by the World Bank, continues to develop it. New facilities have sprung up across the country, and medical staff training and equipment upgrades form key parts of ongoing healthcare projects. Public spending on healthcare now stands at about 4 percent of GDP, reflecting the government’s increased focus on the sector.

Despite these efforts, the Azerbaijan healthcare system remains less developed than in most European countries. You’ll find most expats opt for private healthcare in Baku, with serious medical cases often requiring treatment abroad, primarily in Turkey or elsewhere in Europe.

Public healthcare in Azerbaijan

When it comes to public healthcare in Azerbaijan, you'll have access to state-run facilities that provide free medical services to residents. You’ll encounter various types of facilities, including polyclinics for outpatient care, hospitals, dispensaries, and specialised clinics offering both outpatient and inpatient services.

Since 2021, Azerbaijan has rolled out a nationwide compulsory health insurance system, and public health spending has quadrupled between 2018 and 2023. The Azerbaijani Management Union of Medical Territorial Units (TABIB) now oversees public medical institutions under this insurance scheme. 

Despite this financial boost, quality gaps persist in the public system. Baku is home to most of the decent facilities, with options practically non-existent elsewhere – the few facilities outside the capital tend to lack proper services, equipment and trained staff. Living outside Baku means you’ll likely need to travel to the capital for any meaningful public healthcare.

Private healthcare in Azerbaijan

Private healthcare in Azerbaijan delivers significantly higher standards, with modern equipment and qualified professionals at your disposal. Expats usually choose private hospitals during their stays. This sector has grown substantially in recent years, giving you more options for your health needs.

Azerbaijan’s standing as a medical tourism destination continues to rise, drawing patients from Georgia, Iran, Turkey, Russia and beyond. TABIB’s 2025–2027 Strategic Plan emphasises further development of medical tourism, including bringing back Azerbaijani doctors from abroad, enhancing staff language skills, and pursuing international hospital certifications. Private health costs remain relatively reasonable, with treatments spanning conventional to alternative approaches.

While private facilities handle basic health issues well, serious conditions might still require treatment outside Azerbaijan. Make sure your medical insurance covers evacuation costs, as this can prove essential in emergencies.

Cost of Living in Azerbaijan

Pharmacies in Azerbaijan

Finding pharmacies in Azerbaijan poses little challenge, particularly in major cities where aptek (the local term for pharmacies) stock a wide range of medications. Baku’s pharmacies often operate round-the-clock, making emergency medication access straightforward at any hour.

You’ll notice many medications sold without prescriptions here – a stark difference from stricter Western regulations. This practice makes self-medication common among locals. As of 2024, Azerbaijan implemented the first phase of medicinal product serialisation for psychotropic and potent drugs, potentially affecting certain medication availability. When in doubt about medication needs, consulting a healthcare professional remains your safest approach.

Health insurance in Azerbaijan

Health insurance in Azerbaijan operates under a mandatory system. Azerbaijani citizens receive coverage through the national universal healthcare policy, which grants access to free medical services. The nationwide compulsory system, launched in 2021, covers primary care, hospital stays, outpatient services, emergency treatment, vaccinations and lab work. The insurance package has expanded impressively.

Moving to Azerbaijan typically means arranging private health insurance – this isn’t optional but essential. Expat employers typically handle this arrangement, but take time to examine your policy documents thoroughly to understand your exact coverage.

UK citizens should know that no reciprocal healthcare agreement exists between the UK and Azerbaijan anymore, making comprehensive private insurance even more critical.

Health hazards and pre-travel vaccines in Azerbaijan

Health hazards in Azerbaijan remain relatively few, although safety concerns like road dangers and regional conflicts deserve your attention.

Malaria exists in specific southern regions, primarily in lowland areas between the Kura and Arax rivers from June to October, exclusively from P. vivax. Prophylaxis might be necessary if your travels take you to these areas.

Tap water safety varies across the country, with Baku suffering from lower water quality. Stick to bottled water, boil tap water, or use filters/purification tablets to stay safe.

Before travelling to Azerbaijan, consider updating all your routine vaccinations, including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), flu and polio. Medical professionals sometimes also recommend Hepatitis A and B vaccines. Schedule a pre-travel consultation with a travel health specialist several weeks before departure to receive personalised advice based on your health history and specific itinerary.

Safety Concerns in Azerbaijan

Emergency services in Azerbaijan

Emergency services in Azerbaijan function reliably in Baku but become sparse outside the capital. For medical emergencies, dial 103 to summon an ambulance. Other essential numbers include 101 for fire services, 102 for police, and 112 for the Ministry of Emergency Situations (handling natural and man-made disasters). Keep these numbers saved in your phone, as emergency services might fall short of Western standards, especially beyond Baku’s city limits.

Banking, money and taxes in Azerbaijan present a mixed bag for expats. Despite ongoing reforms, the country’s banking system remains somewhat limited compared to its GDP. The Central Bank of Azerbaijan regulates all monetary policy and banks in the country. While some banks are owned by the state, a privatisation drive has been in effect since the post-Soviet era. 

Money in Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan’s currency is the Azerbaijani Manat (AZN), divided into 100 qapik. The currency symbol is ₼.

• Notes: AZN 1, AZN 5, AZN 10, AZN 20, AZN 50, AZN 100, AZN 200
• Coins: 1 qapik, 3 qapik, 5 qapik, 10 qapik, 20 qapik and 50 qapik

As a new arrival, you can easily exchange euros, pounds sterling and US Dollars for the local manat at the airport, banks and major hotels. Getting hold of foreign currency has become more regulated under Central Bank policies. You can bring up to USD 10,000 or equivalent without declaration, but you’ll need to complete customs paperwork for larger amounts. Stick to official exchange points to avoid legal complications.

Banking in Azerbaijan

You have several options to manage your finances when banking in Azerbaijan. The market includes both local and international institutions, with the state-owned International Bank of Azerbaijan (ABB) being the largest. Other major players include PASHA Bank and Kapital Bank, which offer increasingly modernised services for expats.

Digital banking is growing steadily, with institutions like the International Bank of Azerbaijan implementing new online platforms. Mobile banking apps have gained traction in Baku and other urban centres, although they lack some features you might be used to from Western banks.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account in Azerbaijan might not be necessary if you’re on a short-term stay or can receive your salary in your existing international account. Should you need a local account, prepare to provide your passport, a valid residence permit, and proof of address. Many banks also ask for proof of employment or an income source. 

The process runs more smoothly at international banks where staff speak English, and accounts can typically be opened in multiple currencies.

Credit cards and ATMs

Although cash reigns supreme across most of the country, credit cards are gaining ground in Azerbaijan. Your international cards will work without issue in Baku’s hotels, restaurants and shopping centres, but smaller businesses and establishments outside the capital often take cash only.

ATMs dot the city of Baku and other major towns, readily accepting foreign-issued cards. You’ll find most machines inside banks, with others scattered through supermarkets and hotels. Watch out for international withdrawal fees from both the local ATM and your home bank.

Many ATMs let you pay utility bills directly through the machine, saving you the hassle of queuing at payment offices. Mobile payment apps like those from Kapital Bank and PASHA Bank have started to catch on, particularly among younger Azerbaijanis in urban areas.

Taxes in Azerbaijan

Taxes in Azerbaijan follow clear residency rules. Residents (those who are physically present for 182 or more days per calendar year) are taxed on worldwide income. Non-residents pay tax only on Azerbaijan-sourced income. Special residency definitions exist under Production Sharing Agreements and Host Government Agreements for specific sectors. The tax year runs from 1 January to 31 December.

Working in non-governmental and non-oil-gas sectors qualifies you for reduced personal income tax rates compared to those in the oil, gas, and government sectors. Income from dividends received from Azerbaijani companies typically faces a 10 percent withholding tax. Azerbaijan maintains double-taxation treaties with numerous countries to prevent you from paying twice on the same income.

Tax regulations shift periodically, so your best move is consulting a tax specialist experienced with expat affairs to stay compliant.

Working in Azerbaijan

Transport in Azerbaijan has undergone much development in recent years. Azerbaijan boasts a clean and modern transport network consisting of trains, buses, taxis and a metro system in Baku, the capital city.

You’ll find it relatively easy to get around central Baku without owning a vehicle by either walking or taking taxis and the metro. It’s worth getting a car if you live further out of the city centre, though.

Public transport in Azerbaijan

Trains

Public transport in Azerbaijan includes an established rail network connecting Baku to other main towns and regional neighbours, including Kars in Turkey and Tbilisi in Georgia.

While rail services may not be known for their efficiency, they are undergoing major reconstruction. Baku Central Station is the focal point of rail transport in Azerbaijan. It has recently been renovated and now offers modern facilities, including a shopping and dining area.

There is also a commuter rail around Baku, which helps connect the central areas to surrounding neighbourhoods.

Metro

Baku Metro connects the city centre to the suburbs and is reasonably well-maintained, clean and efficient. It offers the least expensive option for getting around Baku, and tickets are managed via a smart card system, known as BakıKART or BakuCard. You can buy metro cards at counters at metro stations. Otherwise, tokens are required to ride the metro, and these can be purchased from ticket windows at metro stations.

The Baku Metro system continues to grow, with plans for 51 new stations and an additional 80 miles (130km) of metro lines in the future. The metro now features three lines with 27 stations and transports over half a million passengers daily across the city.

Security is usually quite tight in and around railway stations, and it’s not unusual for security guards to check your bags.

Buses

Buses, coaches and minibuses connect most cities within Azerbaijan as well as with cities in neighbouring Georgia, Turkey, Iran and Russia.

Both public and private buses operate in Baku. Buses to the suburbs are relatively cheap but overcrowded, while private services are more expensive but also more comfortable. You can generally buy tickets directly from the bus driver.

The bus fleet in Baku now includes modern vehicles with air conditioning and facilities for passengers with disabilities, making travel more comfortable throughout the city. The Baku Urban Mobility Program has expanded micromobility lanes to about 20 miles (30km), with network coverage set to increase further.

Useful links

• Azerbaijan Railways
• Baku Metro

Taxis in Azerbaijan

Taxis in Azerbaijan are widely available in major urban centres. They are not normally metered, so you should negotiate the fare before embarking on a journey. In Baku, the state-owned Baku Taxi Service has a fleet of metered taxi cabs.

You can also get a taxi by using popular ride-hailing apps. Bolt (formerly Taxify) and Yango dominate the Baku ride-hailing scene. Uber is also available through a specific Uber Azerbaijan app. These services weave through the city traffic even during the busy midnight hours in Baku’s lively streets.

For airport transfers, ride-hailing apps offer convenience, but watch out for potential scams. Pay through the app using a stored card rather than cash. When using Bolt or similar services, confirm that the driver agrees to charge only what the app shows before starting your journey.

For safety, always check that the vehicle and driver details match the information provided on the app before starting your journey. One of Baku's largest local taxi operators is 189 TAXI, which you can order by phone or through their mobile application.

Useful links

• Bolt
• Uber AZ on Android and Apple
• 189 TAXI

Driving in Azerbaijan

Driving is easy to avoid in central Baku. Still, access to a vehicle is beneficial if you live elsewhere in Azerbaijan, as well as if you have a family or frequently need to travel for work purposes. Driving is on the right side of the road, and right-hand-drive cars are illegal in Azerbaijan.

New freeways are under construction, and the country’s oil wealth has meant many new cars are on the roads. While most roads in Baku and major highways are generally well-maintained, travel outside the city may require a four-wheel-drive vehicle due to poor road conditions in suburban or rural areas. Roads are often poorly lit at night, making night driving risky.

Traffic accidents regularly happen in Azerbaijan, as local drivers have a reputation for disobeying the rules of the road. You should use defensive driving techniques when driving in Azerbaijan.

Be aware that routine traffic stops are common. Keep all required documents with you when driving, including your passport or local registration documents, driver’s licence, vehicle registration papers and proof of insurance.

You can find several car hire agencies in Azerbaijan, although you should check the requirements for renting a vehicle. Most rental companies require you to be at least 21 years old with a minimum of three years of driving experience, although some may set the minimum age at 24 and the maximum at 65. You’ll need a valid credit card, identification (passport for tourists), and an appropriate driver's licence.

Driver’s licences

You can drive in Azerbaijan with an International Driving Permit (1968 version) for up to a month. EU driving permits are also accepted. Azerbaijan recognises driving licences from many countries, but obtaining an IDP makes sense if your licence uses a script not commonly understood in Azerbaijan.

If you’re staying in Azerbaijan for over one month, you need to get a local driver’s licence through the ASAN Service Offices. The process involves submitting your existing licence, passport, visa or residency permit, along with medical certification and the required fees. You’ll need to take both a theory and a practical test to complete the process.

Azerbaijan has strict laws about driving under the influence of alcohol. It’s illegal to drive with any alcohol in your system – the limit is zero.

Useful links

• ASAN Service

Air travel in Azerbaijan

Air travel in Azerbaijan centres around Heydar Aliyev International Airport just outside Baku, the main air hub in Azerbaijan, along with five additional international airports in Gabala, Ganja, Lankaran, Nakhchivan and Zagatala. The Baku airport connects to cities throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia via numerous international carriers, including the country’s national airline, Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL).

For domestic travel, Azerbaijan Airlines flies between Baku and regional cities such as Ganja, Nakhchivan and Qabala. Buta Airways, a low-cost carrier based in Baku, also offers domestic flights to Ganja. The flight to Nakhchivan often stands out as the only practical way to reach this exclave.

Useful links

• Heydar Aliyev International Airport
• Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL)
• Buta Airways

Expat accommodation in Azerbaijan offers plenty of options, although the standard of housing varies across the board. Housing is likely to be your biggest expense when living here, so nail down an employment package that covers this cost before you pack your bags.

The Azerbaijani housing market has seen steady growth. Despite this uptick, rents in Baku are much lower than in major European capitals, making the cost of living manageable for most expats. If you’re looking for luxury digs, you’ll pay a premium, but high-end accommodation is readily available. On short-term assignments, the international hotel chains might be your best bet.

Most newcomers to Azerbaijan set up home in Baku, the country’s buzzing commercial hub and capital. The city has transformed in recent years, with upscale areas like White City, Port Baku and Sea Breeze becoming hot spots for the expat community. These developments have brought better housing standards and modern amenities that weren’t on offer just a few years ago.

Types of accommodation in Azerbaijan

The types of accommodation in Azerbaijan mainly consist of apartments in high-rise buildings, especially in Baku. The post-Soviet building boom has created two distinct markets: older Soviet blocks and sleek modern developments. The newer builds boast better facilities with air conditioning, high-speed internet, and satellite TV as standard fare. Many expat apartments feature spacious living areas, large bedrooms, and well-equipped kitchens, often with balconies offering city views.

Location dictates price in Baku’s housing market. City-centre pads and apartments near metro stations command top dollar, as do units in trendy districts like Yasamal, Sabail, and Narimanov – the three neighbourhoods most favoured by the foreign community. With a solid employment package, you can land a comfortable apartment in these prime spots without breaking the bank.

Some expats live in housing compounds tied to their employer. These gated communities typically feature standalone houses or villas with private gardens. The security and shared amenities – swimming pools, tennis courts, and entertainment areas – create a ready-made social circle for newcomers. These compounds are particularly popular with families and those on longer assignments.

Short lets

Short lets in Azerbaijan give you breathing room while house-hunting or on brief assignments. Beyond hotel suites, the market for monthly rentals has boomed on platforms like Airbnb. These turnkey apartments come with everything you need – fully equipped kitchens, WiFi, and all utilities included. Remote workers and business travellers favour these setups for their blend of comfort and practicality, at prices that beat extended hotel stays hands down.

Furnished vs unfurnished

The rental market in Azerbaijan is split between furnished and unfurnished properties. Unfurnished places typically include just the major appliances like fridges and stoves, with some offering literally bare walls and floors. Check the inventory list carefully before signing. 

Furnished flats come with beds, sofas, tables, and basic appliances – although the quality varies wildly. Yes, furnished rentals hit your wallet harder, but they spare you the hefty upfront costs of furniture shopping – a smart trade-off for shorter assignments under two years.

Useful links

• Airbnb: Monthly Rentals in Azerbaijan

Finding accommodation in Azerbaijan

Finding accommodation in Azerbaijan might be easier than you think, with several pathways available. If you’re moving to Azerbaijan on a corporate package, your accommodation may be arranged and provided by your employer, so it’s best to confirm this before arrival. Many international companies handle this aspect of relocation for their employees.

If you’re searching independently, you can browse property listings on real estate websites like BakuBina.az, Property-Azerbaijan.com, and Houses.az. These platforms offer thousands of properties and provide a good overview of what’s available in different price ranges. Local newspapers also carry classifieds, although these may be in Azerbaijani or Russian.

Working with a real estate agency is highly recommended and is the most common method for expats to find property to rent in Azerbaijan. A reputable agent will secure you the best value for money while helping you and your landlord overcome any language barriers. It’s a good idea to visit potential rental properties with an estate agent or trusted associate, as many landlords are unlikely to speak or understand English.

Useful links

• BakuBina.az: Property For Sale in Baku
• Property Azerbaijan
• Houses.az: Real Estate in Baku
• 4321 Property: Rentals in Azerbaijan

Renting accommodation in Azerbaijan

Making an application

The rental application process in Azerbaijan requires proper paperwork. Foreign tenants need to provide passport copies, proof of income or employment, and sometimes references from previous landlords. You can sign rental agreements in your own name, but a copy of your passport must go to the agency.

For company-arranged housing, your employer’s representative typically signs on your behalf. Have your documents organised before viewings – this speeds things up considerably. Expect face-to-face meetings with agents and potential landlords before any deal is finalised.

Leases

Rental contracts in Azerbaijan typically run for one year, although shorter terms can be negotiated in this fast-changing market. Always rent through established agencies with solid track records. The landlord must provide several key documents, including a notarised passport copy and proof of property ownership.

Baku landlords have a reputation for neglecting their tenants and properties. Get everything in writing – especially maintenance responsibilities, utility payment arrangements, and repair protocols. The contract should spell out who fixes what and when. Many expats have successfully haggled better terms before signing, so don’t take the first draft as final. A watertight contract protects you from disputes down the road.

Deposits

When leasing in Azerbaijan, expect to hand over one to three months’ rent as a security deposit. This sum safeguards landlords against property damage and unpaid bills. Your contract should clearly state the exact conditions for getting your money back, including acceptable wear and tear, notice periods, and the timeframe for refunds after move-out. Document the property’s condition with photos when you move in – this visual evidence prevents disagreements when it’s time to reclaim your deposit.

Terminating the lease

Ending your tenancy in Azerbaijan requires proper notice – usually one to two months in advance per your contract terms. Subletting or transferring your lease to others is forbidden without explicit permission from the landlord.

When moving out, take dated photos of the property condition to protect yourself from deposit disputes. Get all termination agreements in writing with signatures from both parties – verbal promises hold no weight here. Breaking a lease early? Prepare to forfeit some deposit money unless your contract specifically allows for premature exits without penalty.

Utilities in Azerbaijan

Utilities in Azerbaijan come as a separate expense from your rent. Water, gas, and electricity bills fall squarely on your shoulders as a tenant. The budget for monthly utility costs adds up quickly, especially in winter.

The country’s utilities run mostly through government-owned companies: Azersu handles water and waste, Azerishiq and Azerenerji manage electricity, and Azerigaz supplies natural gas. The ‘my.gov’ portal now lets you handle all utility transfers digitally – a massive improvement over the previous paper-based system.

Electricity

Electricity supply in Azerbaijan is generally reliable in urban areas, although you may experience occasional outages. To get connected, register with Azerishiq if you’re in Baku or AzerEnergy in other regions. Prepaid meters are common, particularly in newer buildings, allowing you to top up using payment cards available at terminals throughout the city. This pay-as-you-go system helps track consumption and avoid surprise bills.

Gas

Natural gas fuels Azerbaijan’s economy, powering 94 percent of the country’s electricity generation. It’s also the main heating source. Azerigas (also called Azerigaz) supplies over 2.5 million customers nationwide. Most apartments are connected to the central gas system. When moving in, you’ll need to ensure the gas supply is active and registered in your name.

Gas usage tends to be higher in the winter months, so budget accordingly. The gas network is undergoing extensive modernisation with smart meters replacing older equipment, making usage tracking much simpler for consumers.

Water

Water supply in Baku and other major cities is generally adequate, although pressure can be inconsistent in some areas or during peak usage times. When moving into a new property, you’ll need to register with Azersu, the national water company, either in person or through their digital services. Water quality varies, and many expats stick to bottled or filtered drinking water. Newer buildings feature water meters, while older properties often charge flat monthly rates.

Bins and recycling

Waste collection falls to municipal services in urban areas, with Azersu overseeing waste management. Most apartment buildings have communal bins where you can dispose of household waste.

Recycling programmes have gained momentum as Azerbaijan prepares to host the COP29 climate conference, with selective collection points appearing in parts of Baku. The recycling infrastructure remains in early stages compared to Western standards, but environmental awareness is growing.

Chat with neighbours or your building manager about local disposal rules when you arrive – practices differ significantly between districts and even buildings.

Useful links

• mygov Portal

Expat parents have several options when it comes to education and schools in Azerbaijan. While public schools offer a decent education, the language barrier makes them impractical for most foreign families. Instead, you’ll likely choose from Baku’s growing international schools, take advantage of Azerbaijan’s legal homeschooling options, or send your children to boarding school back home.

The education system in Azerbaijan has transformed over the last decades. The Ministry of Education oversees a structure featuring optional pre-primary education, nine years of compulsory basic education, and two years of upper secondary education.

Higher education comprises Bachelor’s (four years), Master’s (two years) and Doctorate (three years) degrees. Both state and private universities exist, with Baku State University and Azerbaijan State Oil Academy standing as premier institutions.

Public schools in Azerbaijan

Public schools in Azerbaijan have mandatory attendance for children between 6 and 15 years old. The education system splits into three stages: primary education (Grades 1 to 4, ages 6 to 10), general secondary education (Grades 5 to 9, ages 10 to 15), and full secondary education (Grades 10 to 11, ages 15 to 17). Students sit exams at the end of Grade 9 to receive a certificate for advancing to higher education.

The school year runs from September to June. Classes are taught primarily in Azerbaijani, but some public schools teach in Russian. The government supplies all required textbooks to public schools free of charge.

While Azerbaijan enjoys good literacy rates and decent public schools, expats typically avoid them due to the language barrier.

Language and Culture in Azerbaijan

Private schools in Azerbaijan

Private schools in Azerbaijan have expanded in both number and quality, supported by international groups and large corporations. These schools blend curricula, with some following Azerbaijan’s national programme while others employ international teaching approaches.

Fees will be much higher than public school costs, but your child will benefit from smaller classes, more after-school activities, and teaching tailored to individual needs. Most private schools operate under licences from the Ministry of Education, meeting national standards while delivering extra benefits.

International schools in Azerbaijan

International schools in Azerbaijan deliver high-quality education with various global curricula. Baku hosts several excellent options. These schools charge substantial fees, so check that your expat package covers these educational costs.

Unlike local schools, international schools typically run on different calendars, following their home country schedules rather than Azerbaijan’s September-to-June term.

Each school maintains its own entry requirements and process, so contact them directly for specifics. Spaces fill quickly, so begin your applications early – well before arriving in Azerbaijan – to secure a place for your child.

Best International Schools in Azerbaijan 

Nurseries in Azerbaijan

Nurseries in Azerbaijan cater to children from birth to age six, although pre-school isn’t mandatory. Few Azerbaijani children attend pre-school. The system includes nurseries for children under three, kindergartens for ages up to five or six, and school preparation classes.

Expats in Baku will find plenty of childcare choices. Private nurseries operate throughout the capital, many featuring English-language programmes. Several international schools also run their own daycare centres and early learning programmes, creating a smooth transition when your child reaches school age.

Homeschooling in Azerbaijan

Homeschooling in Azerbaijan is fully legal and recognised by the country’s education system. The Education Act of 2009 established both ‘home education’ and ‘individual learning’ as valid educational paths in the country.

This approach gives an alternative to traditional classrooms when they don’t suit your child’s learning style or family circumstances. With public schools’ language challenges and costly international schools, homeschooling strikes a practical balance between quality, affordability, and adaptability.

Bear in mind that for official recognition, your child must take exams supervised by Ministry of Education officials. This ensures your teaching meets national standards while allowing you freedom in your teaching methods and curriculum choices.

Special educational needs in Azerbaijan

There are some recent government programmes to support special educational needs in Azerbaijan. The government has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and launched the State Programme on Development of Inclusive Education in the Azerbaijan Republic for 2018–2024, showing a commitment to improving inclusive education.

Despite these policy advances, actual services remain thin on the ground. Many teachers lack proper training for working with children with disabilities, and schools struggle with inadequate facilities and learning resources.

Some international schools in Baku provide better support for special educational needs, with learning support services, but these programmes remain limited. To determine if schools can accommodate your child’s specific needs, contact them directly and speak with other expat parents who’ve faced similar situations.

Tutors in Azerbaijan

Hiring a tutor in Azerbaijan can help ease your transition as an expat. You can hire language tutors to learn Azerbaijani, while your children get targeted help with school subjects outside regular class hours.

Finding tutors has become straightforward with online platforms growing across the country. Sites like Preply, TeacherOn, and Tutoroo list tutors for numerous subjects and languages. Most deliver online lessons, connecting you with teachers from Azerbaijan and worldwide.

For face-to-face tutoring, networking through expat forums, school parent groups, and local contacts works best. This approach uncovers tutors with experience helping expat families and understanding their unique educational requirements in the Azerbaijani context.

Useful links

• Preply: Azerbaijani Language Tutors in Baku
• TeacherOn: Online Tutors in Azerbaijan
• Tutoroo: Find Azerbaijani Tutors in Baku