Bahrain is regarded as an attractive place for expats to work, and it's also an extremely easy country to settle in. Expats working in Bahrain will be rewarded with high salaries and no personal taxes, an easy incentive for putting in the hours the daily grind demands.

To legally work in Bahrain, expats need a sponsoring employer who can apply for a work visa on their behalf. Companies in Bahrain can only sponsor a limited number of visas according to their quota for foreign employees, which is relative to the size of the company.

Job market in Bahrain

Oil was discovered in Bahrain in the 1930s, and while the oil industry is largely responsible for the country's initial rapid modernisation, the Bahraini government has taken large leaps towards diversifying the economy. The archipelago is still a major petroleum producer, but Bahrain is also a banking and financial capital in the region.

As a result of Bahrain's economic growth, many multinational companies have established their regional headquarters in Manama, its capital and commercial centre.

Besides oil and banking, other major employers in Bahrain include tourism and construction.

Finding a job in Bahrain

Most expats working in Bahrain are hired from abroad by recruitment agencies, head-hunted by individual firms, or transferred from another branch of a multinational corporation. Online job portals and recruitment agencies are good places to start for expats who don't have the option of an intercompany transfer.

Networking is key, so it's a good idea to make use of sites such as LinkedIn to find vacancies and make connections.

Useful links

• Indeed Bahrain
• NaukriGulf
• Bayt

Work culture in Bahrain

Expats should have no difficulty in communicating with their Bahraini colleagues as English is widely spoken in the workplace, but the way in which work is conducted can differ from practices in the West. Small talk is common, and expats will benefit from getting to know their colleagues on a personal as well as professional level. 

Punctuality is highly valued in Bahraini society, so expats should make sure they arrive on time for appointments. Arriving late or being unprepared can easily ruin a reputation.

Expats looking for accommodation in Bahrain will almost certainly find bigger and better property options available to them than back home. Regardless of whether expats prefer a modern apartment in a lofty high-rise, an expansive villa outside of the city centre, or a cookie-cutter home in a safe and secure expat compound, there are options to satisfy all tastes and budgets.

The first factor to consider is the location of a property. Expats will need to decide whether they want to be in the city centre of Manama or further out in the suburbs. Though the difference is a mere 10- to 30-minute commute, the type of accommodation available differs according to area.

Expats with families who want larger properties are more likely to find these outside the city centre. They will also need to consider proximity to good international schools.

Types of accommodation in Bahrain

Expat compounds are a popular option for foreigners. The insular community, added security, access to amenities and the spirit of camaraderie are all major drawcards for those who choose to live in these compounds.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Furnished, unfurnished and semi-furnished homes are all available in Bahrain. Semi-furnished accommodation generally includes the provision of kitchen appliances, air conditioners and curtains, while unfurnished often means completely bare. Fully furnished accommodation in Bahrain comes comprehensively equipped and, in many cases, stylishly decorated.

There's no shortage of good furniture stores in Bahrain, and artisans can also be commissioned to make some truly unique fittings and innovative household goods. As a result, many expats choose the semi-furnished or unfurnished route.

Short-term rentals

To give themselves time to get to know Bahrain before selecting an area to live in, many expats opt to stay in short-term accommodation initially. Serviced apartments and other temporary accommodation are more expensive than long-term rentals but give expats more flexibility. This type of accommodation also comes fully equipped with everything guests may need from day to day, making it convenient and easy to set up a temporary base.

Finding accommodation in Bahrain

Renting accommodation in Bahrain is a fairly simple process, and there are numerous resources available to help expats find the perfect home.

Many expats relocating to Bahrain have accommodation arranged through their employer. Those who are left to find a home in Bahrain on their own usually enlist the services of a real estate agent. These individuals are incredibly helpful and often go so far as to negotiate the lease once a property has been selected. In Bahrain, estate agents are paid by landlords, so expats need not worry about agency fees should they choose to go this route.

Other resources include Bahrain expat groups on social media and property portals online.

Useful links

• Property Finder
• Mourjan
• Dubizzle Bahrain

Renting accommodation in Bahrain

Deposits and fees

Tenants will generally need to pay a security deposit, typically equating to one month's rent. The amount is fully refundable depending on the state of the property at the end of the contract. The landlord may also request up to three months of rent upfront. Subsequent rent payments are usually monthly or quarterly. Expats should consult their lease to ensure that they understand when and how much rent is to be paid throughout their stay.

Signing a lease

Rental contracts are available for various lengths of time, although most leases are signed for one or two years with the option to renew. Expats need to ensure that they are committed to living in the property for the complete period specified in the rental agreement, as getting out of a contract prior to its expiration can be difficult.

Termination of the lease

If expats think there is a possibility that they may need to leave the island before the end of their lease, they should request a diplomatic clause to be included in the lease. This will mean that if they are required to leave the island, with the relevant paperwork, they can give one month's notice at any time during the lease.

Utilities in Bahrain

The rent for fully furnished accommodation or an apartment often already includes utilities such as electricity, water and municipal tax. In some cases, rent can also include luxuries like internet, satellite television and housekeeping. On the other hand, semi-furnished or unfurnished accommodation, as well as villas, usually exclude utility bills.

Expats will need to make sure of what their rent includes before signing their lease, as this can have a significant effect on monthly costs. If utilities are included, there's often a cap based on reasonable usage. This will be specified in the lease. Any usage over and above the cap must be paid by the tenant.

Electricity, water and municipal tax

In Bahrain, the Electricity and Water Authority (EWA) manages the provision of water and electricity. The EAW is also responsible for collecting municipal taxes, which are charged at a rate of 10 percent of the rent. These three expenses are billed together monthly.

When renting fully furnished accommodation or apartments, these costs are usually included in the rent, and the EWA account remains in the landlord's name. For freestanding homes such as villas, as well as semi-furnished or unfurnished homes, the tenant is generally required to pay these utilities. In this case, prior to moving in, expats will need to contact the EWA to have the bill put into their name and pay the EWA a security deposit.

Gas

In older accommodation, cookers may run on gas. As there is no mains gas in Bahrain, gas cylinders are used. Once empty, they can be refilled. It's best to keep a spare full canister to hand in case the one in use runs out. Some apartment blocks have a communal gas tank, in which case gas is typically included in the rent. Bahrain Gas sells and refills gas canisters.

Telephone and internet

Batelco is the national telecommunications provider and can provide landline telephone and internet. Other popular internet providers include Zain and STC.

Useful links

• Electricity and Water Authority
• Bahrain Gas
• Batelco

Education in Bahrain is of a high standard. As a result of the ever-growing expat population, there are plenty of international schools in Bahrain to choose from. An official body known as the Bahrain Education and Training Quality Authority (BQA) provides regular reports and reviews on both public and private schools, including international schools.

Bahrain championed the Arabian Peninsula's first public education system in 1930. Today, the Kingdom boasts a high standard of education, with a literacy rate of approximately 96 percent.

Public schools in Bahrain

Education in Bahrain is compulsory for all children aged six to 14, and tuition at state schools is free. Textbooks, uniforms, lunches and school transport are also provided free of charge.

Despite these perks, expat children living in Bahrain rarely attend Bahraini public schools. This is for a number of reasons, such as the local language barrier, the typically transient nature of expats' stays in Bahrain, and the difficulty in overcoming local cultural norms.

While English is taught in Bahraini schools, the main language of instruction is a local dialect of Arabic. This puts non-native speakers at a significant disadvantage.

Private and international schools in Bahrain

Bahrain's private education sector is largely composed of international schools alongside a handful of religious private schools. Bahrain's international schools have been established to meet the needs of a growing expat population in Bahrain. There are dozens of schools for expats to choose from, but demand still outweighs supply. As a result, classes fill up quickly, so the application process should be started as soon as possible – even from abroad, prior to relocation.

Expats of a number of nationalities will be able to find an international school following the curriculum of their home country. This provides continuity in the child's education and limits the disruption caused by the move. There are several British and American schools to choose from, as well as schools offering other curricula, such as those of India and France. Some schools offer the world-renowned International Baccalaureate programme instead.

Generally speaking, standards at international schools in Bahrain are high, smaller class sizes are the norm, and most have modern facilities and healthy extracurricular programmes.

As is the case globally, tuition fees at international schools in Bahrain can be extremely high. It is therefore wise for expats to factor this expense into their employment contract when negotiating with their employer, ensuring their salary is high enough to adequately cover the costs of schooling.

For more info and a list of recommended schools, see International Schools in Bahrain.

Useful links

• School reviews by the BQA
• International Baccalaureate Schools in Bahrain

Homeschooling in Bahrain

It is possible for parents to homeschool their children while living in Bahrain, as there is no law against it. Many parents choose to enrol their children in a private school to ensure they're following a structured curriculum while learning at home. Alternatively, there are a number of academies, such as Teach Bahrain, that offer private teachers for full-time study at home. These academies follow various curricula, such as the International Baccalaureate and the British curriculum.

Special-needs education in Bahrain

The Kingdom of Bahrain is one of the first Middle Eastern countries to embrace inclusive education. The Ministry of Education's mission is to integrate as many special-needs children as possible into mainstream public and private schools, depending on the preferences of the parents. The ministry follows a continuous and comprehensive approach to ensure that students' requirements and individual needs are met.

Should a child require more support than what can be provided in a mainstream schooling setting, there are several dedicated special-needs schools in Bahrain.

Tutors in Bahrain

Tutors are widely available for children in Bahrain and are extremely useful in providing school support for all subjects, assisting children with learning Arabic, adjusting to their new school environment and curriculum, as well as test and exam preparation. If children are being educated in a language other than their home language, tutoring can be a great way to keep home-language skills sharp.

Useful links

• Teach Bahrain
• The Princeton Review

Expats living in Bahrain will have access to a solid healthcare infrastructure, with options for treatment in the public and private sectors. The island supports an assortment of state-sponsored hospitals, private institutions and clinics, and speciality hospitals.

That being said, the healthcare system in Bahrain still faces challenges. The economic boom has inspired a large population influx, and the state must now take steps to address the high numbers of expats that have come to set up home in the archipelago.

Furthermore, although many health workers are fellow foreigners or have been trained overseas and do speak English, there still may be a language barrier to overcome if expats find themselves in an emergency.

Public healthcare in Bahrain

As of 2024, the Bahrain government plans to implement a health insurance scheme for both expats and Bahraini nationals. The scheme introduces both compulsory and optional packages – these are provided to Bahraini nationals by the government and provided to expats by insurance companies.

Despite the country's rapid growth, Bahrain's relatively small population means that long queues or delayed appointment times are a rarity, even in public healthcare facilities.

Useful links

• Health services in Bahrain

Private healthcare in Bahrain

While expats do have access to the public system in Bahrain, many also opt to take out private medical insurance and use private facilities instead of public ones. The standard of care is excellent in Bahrain, but it's important to be aware that specialist treatment centres may be limited. In such a case, it may be necessary to seek such treatment outside the country.

Health insurance in Bahrain

Although covered by Bahrain's national health insurance scheme, expats can still benefit from comprehensive health insurance, including medical evacuation insurance.

Many employers provide their employees with health insurance, but top-up insurance policies may be needed to ensure complete coverage.

Pharmacies and medicines in Bahrain

Pharmacies are easily found in Bahrain, some of which are open 24 hours a day.  

Most medications are readily available at pharmacies. If a medicine is unavailable, the pharmacist should be able to order it. Expats should be aware that medications available over the counter in their home country may need a prescription in Bahrain, and vice versa.

Any prescription medicines being brought into Bahrain need to be accompanied by a letter signed and stamped by a registered medical practitioner. This letter must state that the medicine is for the personal use of the traveller or expat. It's also advisable to bring a copy of the original prescription.

Health hazards in Bahrain

Due to the extreme temperatures, heatstroke, sunburn and dehydration are the most common medical ailments affecting expats in Bahrain. In addition, continuous construction, accompanied by sand and dust from the island, can aggravate respiratory problems for expats, especially for those already suffering from conditions such as asthma.

Emergency services in Bahrain

Emergency medical services in Bahrain tend to be well-equipped but aren't always quick to respond. For this reason, wherever possible, expats are advised to get themselves to the hospital in the case of a medical emergency.  

The number to call in the event of a medical emergency is 999.

With a long history of sea trade, expats shipping to Bahrain have plenty of service providers to choose from. Bahrain's main port is Khalifa Bin Salman Port. In addition to shipping by sea, expats also have the option to ship their possessions via air freight; this method is generally more expensive but considerably quicker. Shipping companies will often provide quotes for free, so expats should take the time to consult a number of different organisations and find out which can offer the best price and the best service.

Shipping personal goods to Bahrain

Expats will also want to think carefully when deciding on the household goods they'd like to bring across. Shipping can quickly become expensive, and Bahrain has an assortment of furniture shops. Expats should also consider the fact that it's perfectly possible to find stylishly furnished accommodation in the country.

Generally speaking, no customs duty is imposed on those bringing personal goods into Bahrain as long as they have been in use for three months or more and are brought into the Kingdom within six months of the expat's move. This does not apply to vehicles, and expats will therefore have to pay customs duties if they want to bring their car into Bahrain.

Shipping pets to Bahrain

Expats who wish to bring their furry friends across the border to Bahrain will need to apply for an import permit. Pets must be microchipped and vaccinated and have a recent health certificate from a vet. Depending on the incidence of rabies in the pet's country of origin, they may also need to be tested and certified as free of rabies.

Expats moving to Bahrain are bound to have many queries and concerns about their soon-to-be home. Below we provide answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about moving to Bahrain.

Is there an expat community in Bahrain?

Absolutely. Bahrain is one of the most popular expat destinations in the Middle East, with a significant portion of the population being expats. These expats are attracted by job opportunities, lucrative employment packages and little to no personal tax. New arrivals in Bahrain should settle quite easily into the expat community.

Do I need a car in Bahrain?

Expats will almost certainly need a car in Bahrain. Public transportation is limited to buses and isn't very reliable, and private taxis can make getting from point A to point B expensive. Even if you live in the city centre, skyrocketing summer temperatures and intense humidity can make for damp clothes and discomfort.

Expats can either lease or buy a car in Bahrain. Petrol is inexpensive, and the vehicles are generally reasonably priced. In many cases, expats are able to afford cars that they would never dream of driving in their home country. That said, driving behaviour in Bahrain is erratic, and expats should always buckle up and drive defensively.

Do women in Bahrain need to cover up?

Though the majority of Bahrain's population is Muslim, modernity and liberalism have been much more integrated into society than in neighbouring countries such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

Expat women dress in Western clothes in public spaces, and generally speaking, what is appropriate in Western countries is most likely appropriate in Bahrain. That said, it's best to dress modestly in order to avoid attracting attention.

Will I have to partake in Ramadan?

Expats experiencing Ramadan for the first time can experience some culture shock. They don't have to partake, but eating or drinking in public is not allowed during Ramadan. It's also considered disrespectful to eat or drink in front of Muslim colleagues or friends who are fasting. Many workplaces, particularly multinational companies that employ lots of expats, will have a dedicated room for non-Muslim expats to eat and drink during Ramadan.

Expats should also be aware that businesses, restaurants and grocery stores may adjust their opening hours to better fit the daily meal times during Ramadan, staying shut during daylight hours.

*Islamic holidays are subject to the sighting of the moon, and dates can change on the Gregorian calendar.

Expats should be aware that getting used to transport and driving in Bahrain will likely take some time. That said, the island's diminutive size means that this adjustment is somewhat less dramatic than in larger countries.

As public transport options are limited to bus services, most expats find that driving is the easiest and most convenient way to get around in Bahrain. Driving on the island is generally safe, but traffic can be a headache.

Public transport in Bahrain

Buses

The primary mode of public transport in Bahrain is buses. Free WiFi is available on board. All buses have air conditioning, and an increasing number of bus terminals across the island are air-conditioned as well. Buses are plentiful and cover just about anywhere one would need to go on the island.

The bus system is complex to navigate, and route maps aren't easy to understand, but a Bahrain Bus app is available to download, which makes navigating the bus system a lot easier. Otherwise, expats can speak to a staff member at the bus station for assistance.

Fares can be paid using a GO Card. They can be topped up using machines on buses or at stations and are the cheapest and easiest payment method for the buses.

Useful links

• Bahrain Bus

Taxis in Bahrain

Taxis are reliable and plentiful in Bahrain's main city centres. All taxis are required to make use of a meter, so expats should check to make sure the driver has activated the meter to ensure a fair price.

Uber is also available in Bahrain, which can be cheaper than regular taxis, and expats will have the added benefit of knowing the fare beforehand.

Useful links

• Authorised taxi companies in Bahrain

Driving in Bahrain

Most expats living in Bahrain have a car. In the heat of the summer, air-conditioned transport is essential even to drive to the local shop.

Driving in Bahrain is on the right-hand side of the road, and traffic is commonly regulated by roundabouts. Road signs are usually in both Arabic and English, and roads are generally well-maintained.

Expats will need to convert their licence from home to a local driving licence. To do so, they need to take their licence, passport and Bahrain ID card to the General Directorate of Traffic. Applicants will have to pass an optometry test and attend a theoretical lecture. Once this is done, they will be issued a Bahrain driving licence.

Useful links

• Foreign driving licence conversion

Cycling in Bahrain

Although there is a lack of cycling infrastructure in Bahrain, the island is home to a handful of cycling groups. Bahrain's small size and flat landscape should make commuting by bicycle easy, but it can get unbearably hot. Most cyclists use their bikes for recreation rather than transport.

Despite its small size and extensive exposure to a multitude of nationalities and ethnicities, Bahrain has maintained the Arab roots of its local culture. Islamic morals govern personal, business, legal and economic life, but the country is regarded as quite liberal compared to its neighbours.

Bahrainis often speak English and are friendly towards newcomers. Nevertheless, expats unused to the Arab way of life may experience some level of culture shock in Bahrain.

Dress code in Bahrain

On arrival, expats may be surprised to see just how smartly dressed locals usually are. Traditional clothing for men includes a long white garment known as a thobe as well as a linen headwrap called a gutra. Local women wear headscarves and abayas – loose-flowing garments, usually black, sometimes with detailed decoration at the neck or sleeve edges.

Expat women need not dress in the traditional manner, but loose-fitting clothing covering the shoulders and knees is generally best.

Both men and women should dress conservatively for business meetings.

Ramadan in Bahrain

Ramadan can be a period of severe culture shock for expats who have never experienced the holy event in an Islamic country. During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk and work a maximum of six hours a day.

Though expats aren’t required to fast during this period, they should not consume any food or drink (including water) in public between sunrise and sunset. Working hours and restaurant opening times are adjusted accordingly. Some companies may provide a room where non-Muslim staff can eat during the month of Ramadan.

Customs and etiquette in Bahrain

If invited to a Bahraini home, expats should take a non-alcoholic gift, such as chocolates.

In Bahraini culture, men greet other men with a handshake and kiss on the cheek if they know each other. Women shouldn’t expect a man to shake hands with them, but a female friend may welcome her with a hug and a kiss. Men should not touch a Bahraini woman unless the woman offers her hand first.

Bahrainis love to socialise, and expats should make an effort to reciprocate the hospitality if possible. Small talk will always precede a business meeting or a meal. Accept any offer of tea or coffee, as declining may be considered an insult to the host.

When visiting someone’s home, check if they’ve removed their shoes and follow suit. Leaving footwear at the door avoids tramping dust through the house.

Alcohol in Bahrain

While alcohol is forbidden for Muslims in Bahrain, it’s available to non-Muslims at specific outlets. For instance, certain hotels, restaurants and expat social clubs are permitted to sell alcohol for consumption on the premises.

Expats planning on living in Bahrain may find one of the most challenging adjustments they'll have to make is acclimating to the high temperatures. The weather in Bahrain is marked by extreme heat, and an uncomfortable humidity is present throughout the year.

Summer is from April to October, with temperatures averaging 104°F (40°C). Winter is from November to March. Though milder in comparison, winter temperatures can still be fairly warm and hover between 50 and 68°F (10 and 20°C).

The archipelago is incredibly arid, with only irregular, short, heavy bursts of rainfall throughout winter. On the other hand, the spring and summer months are marked by the shamal – strong winds that bring damp, humid air into the country and cause sandstorms – although these do not occur regularly.

Expats should be forewarned that the weather in Bahrain can cause heat exhaustion or heat stroke, especially for those not used to such high temperatures. It's best to stay indoors during the day's hottest hours, and sunscreen is advised. Expats should also be sure to stay hydrated.

Bahraini embassies

• Embassy of Bahrain, Washington, DC, United States: +1 202 342 1111
• Embassy of Bahrain, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7201 9170
• Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Ottawa, Canada (also responsible for Bahrain): +1 613 237 4100
• Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Yarralumla, Australia (also responsible for Bahrain): +61 2 6250 7000
• Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Pretoria, South Africa (also responsible for Bahrain): +27 12 362 4230
• Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Dublin, Ireland (also responsible for Bahrain): +353 1 676 0704
• Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Wellington, New Zealand (also responsible for Bahrain): +64 4 472 3655

Foreign embassies in Bahrain

• Embassy of the United States, Manama, Bahrain: +973 1724 2700
• Embassy of the United Kingdom, Manama, Bahrain: +973 1757 4100
• Embassy of Canada, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (also responsible for Bahrain): +966 11 202 3288
• Embassy of Australia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (also responsible for Bahrain): +966 11 250 0900
• Embassy of South Africa, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (also responsible for Bahrain): +966 11 482 8515
• Embassy of Ireland, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (also responsible for Bahrain): +966 11 407 1530
• Embassy of New Zealand, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (also responsible for Bahrain): +966 11 488 7988

Bahrain has a healthy economy with major industries that include the petroleum and aluminium production industries. It is one of the most important centres for Islamic banking in the Middle East. Expats relocating here can look forward to dealing with banking services that are efficient and reliable.

Money in Bahrain

The currency used in Bahrain is the Bahraini dinar (BHD), which is divided into 1,000 fils.

• Notes: ½ BHD, 1 BHD, 5 BHD, 10 BHD and 20 BHD
• Coins: 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 fils

With a strong and sophisticated banking industry, there are a number of good options for expats looking for a local bank in Bahrain. For those who prefer to bank internationally, there are also a host of foreign and multinational banks with branches in Bahrain.

Banks that are popular with expats in Bahrain include Arab Bank, HSBC Bahrain, Ahli United Bank, Citibank and Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait (BBK). Many expats find it easier and more convenient to open a bank account with the bank their employer uses.

Opening hours for banks in Bahrain are generally between 7.30am and 2.30pm, from Sunday to Thursday.

Opening a bank account in Bahrain

Opening a bank account in Bahrain requires a fair amount of paperwork. Expats looking to open a bank account in Bahrain must appear at the prospective bank in person and present a number of documents. The exact requirements vary from bank to bank, but a passport, work and/or residence permit, and proof of residence (such as a utility bill or rental agreement) will usually be required.

ATMs and credit cards in Bahrain

There are plenty of ATMs in Bahrain, and expats won't need to look too hard to find one. The majority of ATMs offer 24-hour service.

Although Bahrain has been a predominantly cash-based society in the past, they are moving away from this. Expats will be able to pay with a debit or credit card almost anywhere now, with many establishments also allowing the use of online payment apps.

Taxes in Bahrain

One of the great incentives for expats moving to Bahrain is that there is no income tax levied against personal earnings. Expats will only be liable to pay social security, which amounts to 1 percent of their monthly income. Expat employers pay an additional 3 percent towards each expat employee's social security.

Before getting too excited, expats are strongly advised to research whether a double-taxation avoidance agreement exists between Bahrain and their country of origin though. If not, expats may have to pay tax in their country of origin on the money they earn in Bahrain. It's worth consulting a specialist expat tax practitioner in order to ensure all obligations are met.

Expats anticipating doing business in Bahrain will find an environment that’s well acquainted with foreign influence and arguably the most progressive in the Middle East. Although more than 50 percent of Bahrain’s population is made up of foreigners, the country takes its mandate from Islam, so expats will need to familiarise themselves with appropriate customs and practices.

Fast facts

Business hours

Usually Sunday to Thursday from 8am or 9am to 5.30pm or 6pm. This can vary from company to company though, especially when it comes to multinational corporations.

Business language

Arabic is Bahrain’s official language, but English is commonly spoken and is often used in business.

Dress

Business attire is formal and conservative.

Gifts

Small gifts are acceptable. Gifts aren’t opened in the presence of the giver and are typically saved for later.

Greetings

A handshake is the most common greeting. When a man greets a woman, he should wait for her to extend her hand first.

Gender equality

Men and women are treated equally in business.

Business culture in Bahrain

Personal relationships

Business moves slowly in Bahrain, and any attempt to rush it is considered improper. Similar to most Arab countries, the business culture in Bahrain is based on personal relationships.

A letter of introduction from a mutual acquaintance is a great way to facilitate meetings, as Bahrainis generally prefer doing business with people they know. It follows that initial meetings focus on building a relationship rather than hammering out details.

Business attire

Business attire in Bahrain is strictly formal. No matter how hot the weather, a suit and tie are mandatory. Women should dress modestly, keeping their arms and legs covered at all times and wearing closed-toed shoes. Local businessmen may wear Western attire or a thobe, a flowing robe seen at nearly every type of occasion.

Communication

It’s important to use formal titles when addressing local businesspeople. Business language tends to be indirect, and care is taken to save face and avoid disappointing others with flat refusals. It is considered impolite to fast-track discussions or openly contradict another person.

Bahrain has continued to be affected by a politically turbulent period that began with an uprising in 2011. More than 10 years later, periodic violent protests and demonstrations still continue. The unrest has largely occurred outside of the capital, but protest activity in Manama is occasionally reported. These are dangers that expats should be able to navigate fairly easily as long as they avoid such gatherings.

In terms of crime, Bahrain is relatively safe, but expats should be careful on the road as fellow drivers can be erratic and unpredictable.

Protests in Bahrain

Expats are advised to avoid crowded places when protests and demonstrations are taking place. From time to time, when political violence flares up, the Bahraini government may enforce a curfew, and it is recommended that expats respect these regulations for their own safety.

Crime in Bahrain

The crime rate in Bahrain is low and unlikely to impact expats. Crimes are generally petty in nature and include opportunistic theft, burglary and pickpocketing. Basic precautions, such as avoiding travel at night in unsafe areas and securing valuables, will lower the risk of being targeted. Expats should use their common sense and be vigilant.

Terrorism in Bahrain

Bahrain has not been affected by terrorism to the same degree as some of its neighbours in recent years. Nonetheless, the country is occasionally the target of low-level and relatively unsophisticated incendiary attacks. These typically occur during demonstrations or periods of civil unrest and are used against the police and other security services.

Road safety in Bahrain

While road conditions in Bahrain are good, speeding is a major cause of road fatalities. Death rates have improved in recent years, but driving remains risky. Other potential road hazards include wandering animals and drifting sand.

It's common among expats to hire a local driver, as this tends to be a safer way to travel than driving themselves. Expats who do opt to drive should do so defensively and with caution, particularly on major highways and during times of reduced visibility.

Read more about getting around in Transport and Driving in Bahrain.

Visas for Bahrain fall into several different categories. The type of visa required will depend on the purpose of the visit, the number of expected visits and the length of an expat's stay in the Kingdom.

Depending on their nationality, many expats will be able to obtain a visa on arrival in Bahrain and will receive a stamp in their passport when entering. Otherwise, expats may be eligible for an eVisa, which is applied for in advance and stored online. Those not eligible for an eVisa or a visa on arrival will need to apply for a tourist visa in person at their local Bahraini embassy.

Foreigners entering Bahrain will usually be required to have a Bahraini sponsor to support their visa application. Sponsors can be an individual, a company or an institution. In most cases, it will be the expat's employer.

Tourist visas for Bahrain

Foreigners visiting Bahrain for a holiday or those on a short fact-finding trip prior to accepting an employment contract will need to apply for a tourist visa. Some travellers will be entitled to a visa upon arrival at the airport in Bahrain, providing that they are in possession of a valid passport and an onward or return ticket.

Visitors ineligible for a visa on arrival must pre-arrange their visa, either through the eVisa system or by application through a Bahraini embassy. These applications must be supported by a sponsor. Those without a contact in Bahrain may be able to use a travel agency or hotel as their sponsor.

Once the visa has been granted, the foreigner is entitled to visit Bahrain for the duration of the period stated on their visa. A tourist visa does not permit the holder to carry out any form of economic activity during their stay, including working and business-related activities.

Useful links

• Countries eligible for eVisa
• Countries eligible for visa on arrival
• Application for eVisa

Business visas for Bahrain

Business visas are issued to those visiting Bahrain for business and representing a company. Those in possession of a business visa are only permitted to carry out official company business while in the Kingdom. They are not entitled to look for alternative employment or take up any form of employment with another company in Bahrain. Business visas are valid for up to four weeks.

Work visas for Bahrain

Most expats moving to Bahrain do so with a job offer in hand. Anyone who plans on working for either a local or international business in Bahrain will need a work visa to allow them to do so legally. In most cases, the employer will take care of arranging the work visa on the expat's behalf. That said, it's worth being aware of the requirements, as expats will need to provide their employer with several important documents.

Once a job offer is solidified, the hiring company will usually completely bear the burden of organising visas and paperwork. In such cases, expats will merely need to help supply the requested documents.

A health check is required for the work permit application. This can be done in one's country of origin at an accredited health centre no more than three months before moving to Bahrain.

Once the work permit is granted, the employer prints it out.

Work permits are renewable and are issued for the length of the expat's employment contract (either one or two years).

Useful links

• Expatriate Employee Services Guide
• Authorised Health Centres Outside of Bahrain

Residency permits for Bahrain

Those taking up employment in Bahrain will need a residency permit in addition to their work permit. This should be granted to the employer when the work permit is approved. Once the expat is in the country, the employer will make use of the Bahrain National Portal to print the residency permit.

All expats in the Kingdom will need to acquire a local identity card, known as a CPR (Central Population Registry) card. The application for the card can be done online.

Useful links

• Identity Card Services

Expats moving to Bahrain will experience a busy and engaging city life and a blend of modernity with traditional Islamic culture on this archipelago.

There is a sizeable expat community in Bahrain, but those relocating to this Gulf state will still have to contend with elements of culture shock and make some adjustments to their lifestyle. Often referred to as 'Middle East lite', Bahrain is considerably more progressive than its neighbours, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, but is still in touch with its Islamic roots.

Living in Bahrain as an expat

Most expats moving to Bahrain do so for the lucrative employment opportunities. The earning potential for expats is high in Bahrain, and many report enjoying a higher standard of living than they had in their home country.

As a financial centre of the Middle East, highly skilled foreigners will find plenty of positions available in the banking and construction sectors. And, as Bahrain has made efforts to diversify its economy beyond the petroleum industry, there are many jobs to be had in several multinational firms as well.

Moving to Bahrain also means bigger houses for many. A huge variety of accommodation designed to suit all budgets and tastes awaits new tenants. Expats can choose between towering high-rises, standalone villas or even homes enclaved in a secure compound.

Cost of living in Bahrain

Although the cost of living in Bahrain is increasing annually, it is still reasonable in comparison to its neighbours. Accommodation will certainly be an expat's biggest expense, and they will also have to shoulder the cost of a car due to the island's limited public transport network. That said, some companies may include these benefits in an expat's employment package.

Groceries in Bahrain are reasonable, but Western products are incredibly pricey due to import costs. Eating out is also costly, and those wanting to save money should buy local produce and cook at home.

Expat families and children

While expats with children are unlikely to enrol their little ones in any of Bahrain's public schools, plenty of excellent private and international school options exist. Spots disappear quickly, though, so it's important to make registration a priority before the move.

Although Bahrain is not necessarily the most child-friendly, the island certainly has much on offer to entertain the little ones. Water parks, wildlife sanctuaries, museums, malls and an abundance of beaches for a day spent out in the sunshine are just some of the many things families in Bahrain can enjoy in their spare time.

Climate in Bahrain

Bahrain has an arid climate. The weather is marked by extreme heat and an uncomfortable humidity is present throughout the year. This may be quite a shock for expats when they first move to Bahrain, and adjusting to this could be difficult. Irregular, short and heavy bursts of rainfall occur throughout winter, and summer and spring bring occasional sandstorms.

As far as Middle Eastern destinations are concerned, Bahrain is increasingly becoming an expat favourite. It's a fantastic alternative location for those based in neighbouring countries looking to situate their families in a more liberal environment.

Fast facts

Population: About 1.5 million

Capital city: Manama (also largest city)

Neighbouring countries: Bahrain is a small set of islands in the Persian Gulf. The King Fahd Causeway is a series of bridges to the west of Bahrain, connecting it to its closest neighbour, Saudi Arabia. Across the Gulf, a short distance to the southeast, is Qatar, while Iran is further away on the northeastern side of the Gulf.

Geography: Bahrain is an archipelago, with a primarily flat and arid desert landscape. The smallest country in Asia, the total length of the coastline of the Kingdom's main island is approximately 100 miles (161km).

Political system: Constitutional monarchy

Major religions: Islam, with a small Christian minority

Main languages: Arabic is Bahrain's official language, but English is widely spoken

Money: The Bahraini Dinar (BHD), divided into 1,000 fils. Expats will be able to open a local bank account, but the process requires extensive documentation and paperwork. ATMs are widely available in most parts of Bahrain.

Tipping: Restaurants in Bahrain generally include service charges in the bill. Additional tipping is not expected but will nonetheless be appreciated. Ten percent is usually appropriate.

Time: GMT+3

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. UK-style plugs with three flat blades are used.

International dialling code: +973

Emergency contacts: 999

Internet domain: .bh

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road in Bahrain. Public transport is limited to buses and taxis, as there are currently no rail services available.

International schools in Bahrain are preferred by the majority of expat parents. These schools offer foreign and globally respected curricula, including that of the US, the UK and the International Baccalaureate. Bahrain’s international schools also offer a more familiar teaching style and environment in addition to teaching in English.

This leaves expat children with fewer barriers to overcome when adjusting to life in Bahrain, particularly when compared to hurdles they’d face in the public system, such as a new curriculum, different culture and, vitally, a foreign language of instruction.

To find out more about schooling options on the island, have a look at our page on Education and Schools in Bahrain.

Finding the right international school in Bahrain

When faced with so many choices, choosing the right international school can feel like a mammoth task. Parents need not fret though – numerous online resources can help. From school review websites to online expat groups and forums, there’s plenty of information available.

Here are some of the main aspects to consider when choosing an international school in Bahrain.

• Language: Are there schools teaching in the child’s home language or another language they already speak? Young children can pick up a new language fairly easily, but older children may struggle, making teaching language a vital consideration when choosing a school.
• Curriculum: Are there schools offering the child’s home curriculum? If so, this narrows the options down considerably. Transferring to a school with a familiar curriculum eases the transition significantly. If the exact same curriculum isn’t offered, look for curricula with similarities in teaching style, ethos and subject matter.
• School values: Does the school place emphasis on academics or nurturing the individual? Are there strong community values or does the school have a competitive air? Note that the answers to these questions don’t necessarily indicate any kind of superiority between schools – merely that different schools have different values, and their suitability will vary between individuals.
• Cost: International schools have notoriously high school fees, so costs should be taken into consideration. Set a firm budget for education, and remember that some schools charge extras, including building maintenance or technology fees, school transport, textbooks and school lunches. Also pay attention to the structure of fees. Some schools allow parents to pay monthly, while others may require payment upfront or in a set number of instalments.

Tips for applying to international schools in Bahrain

While there’s plenty of choice in terms of international schools in Bahrain, securing a place at the desired school can be tough. It’s therefore advisable that parents begin investigating schooling options for their child as soon as possible, well before the move.

Once parents have identified a few options, they should get in touch with the preferred schools, find out about how much space they have available and submit their applications. Some of Bahrain’s international schools have stringent application processes and are highly selective, basing admission on a number of factors, including entry tests and interviews. Other international schools may have more open admission policies.

It’s important not to assume that tougher entrance requirements automatically signal a better school or that schools with fewer requirements have low standards. That being said, the application process can give a hint of what a particular school values most. For example, selective schools may be more academically focused, while schools that operate on more inclusive policies might be more community-oriented.

To help parents get started, below is a list of recommended international schools in Bahrain.

International schools in Bahrain

Al Noor International School

This multicultural school has over three decades of history and offers a wide range of curricula options. Students can opt for the British, Indian or Bahraini curriculum. More than 40 different nationalities make up the school’s student body of 3,000.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE, A-Levels) and Indian (CBSE) and Bahraini 
Ages: 3 to 18 
Website: www.alnischool.com

British School of Bahrain

Based in Hamala, the British School of Bahrain was founded in 1995 and serves a student body of over 3,000 students hailing from 90 countries around the world. The school offers a British education based on the English National Curriculum, including the Cambridge IGCSE in Years 10 and 11, followed by either A-Levels, BTEC or a combination of both in their final two years.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE, A-Levels and BTEC) 
Ages: 3 to 18 
Website: www.britishschoolbahrain.com

Naseem International School

Naseem International School is a bilingual (Arabic and English) IB World School in Bahrain. It teaches all four International Baccalaureate programmes, namely the Primary Years Programme (PYP), the Middle Years Programme (MYP), the Diploma Programme (DP) and the Career Programme (CP). The school is also accredited for the USA curriculum, culminating in the American High School Diploma.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate and American 
Ages: 3 to 18 
Website: www.nisbah.com

St Christopher’s School Bahrain

Established 60 years ago, St Christopher’s School Bahrain has a long history of providing excellent education in the heart of Bahrain. Over 2,300 students of 70 different nationalities attend St Christopher’s, which offers both the British curriculum (including the Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels) and the International Baccalaureate curriculum.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, IGCSE, A-Levels) and International Baccalaureate 
Ages: 3 to 18 
Website: www.st-chris.net