Living in Colombia as an expat

Open-minded and adventurous expats moving to Colombia will find an unspoilt land with a friendly and curious local population. A geographically diverse country, Colombia has all kinds of scenic beauty on offer, from vast mountain ranges to green prairies, lush rainforests and sun-drenched coastlines.

Most foreigners living in Colombia are based in the capital, Bogotá, although Medellín has become increasingly popular with digital nomads and remote workers in recent years. Expats should be able to find a community in most major Colombian cities, including Cartagena, Cali, Barranquilla, and Pereira. While many young expats still come to Colombia to work as English teachers, the country now attracts growing numbers of remote workers and digital entrepreneurs.

Pros and Cons of Moving to Colombia
Expat Experiences in Colombia

Working in Colombia

Working in Colombia typically requires fluent Spanish for most local employment opportunities. Traditional sectors hiring expats include oil and gas, construction, healthcare and education, although foreign investment in these industries has declined in recent years. English teaching is a common path for native speakers, typically requiring TEFL certification.

Colombia has adopted remote work policies and launched a digital nomad visa programme. The country has become increasingly popular with freelancers and remote workers who earn income from international clients. The tech sector continues to grow, particularly in roles serving foreign companies.

Working in Colombia 
Visas for Colombia

Colombian culture

Colombian culture places strong emphasis on personal relationships and warmth. Colombians are expressive, family-oriented people who welcome foreigners enthusiastically. Building trust and establishing genuine connections matters deeply, whether in social or professional contexts.

The work culture in Colombia tends to be hierarchical and formal, particularly in major cities like Bogotá and Medellín. Business relationships develop through face-to-face meetings rather than emails or phone calls. Communication can be quite indirect to avoid offence, so reading between the lines becomes essential. Time operates more flexibly than in North America or Northern Europe, with meetings often starting 15 to 30 minutes late despite expectations of punctuality from foreign guests.

Local Culture in Colombia 
Business Culture in Colombia

Finding accommodation in Colombia

You can find accommodation in Colombia to suit almost every budget, although expats typically gravitate towards middle- to upper-class neighbourhoods that provide security, reliable services, modern infrastructure, access to international grocery shops, and proximity to public transport and amenities. Colombia uses a stratification system (estratos) ranging from 1 to 6, with most expats feeling comfortable in Estrato 3 or higher.

The rental market is active, and properties in popular expat areas move quickly. In Medellín, neighbourhoods like El Poblado and Laureles attract the largest expat communities. Bogotá’s Chapinero, Usaquén, Chico, and Rosales offer similar appeal through good infrastructure and international dining options.

Accommodation in Colombia

Cost of living in Colombia

The cost of living in Colombia is low compared to North America or Europe. Bogotá ranks among the most affordable South American capitals, with Buenos Aires in Argentina, Montevideo in Uruguay, São Paulo in Brazil, and Santiago in Chile all proving pricier.

Private healthcare is reasonably priced by international standards. International school tuition can represent a significant expense for families, particularly at top-tier institutions in Bogotá and Medellín. Income tax rates reach up to 39 percent for residents, although the general tax burden is moderate compared to many Western countries.

Cost of Living in Colombia 
Money and Taxes in Colombia

Living in Colombia with children

Families living in Colombia with children will find an engaging environment with diverse activities and experiences. The major cities provide kid-friendly parks, museums, restaurants, entertainment centres and playgrounds, while the country’s varied geography creates opportunities for adventure-filled holidays. From coffee plantation visits to coastal excursions, families find plenty to keep children entertained and engaged.

Private healthcare maintains high standards in major urban centres and is reasonably priced by international standards. Modern facilities and well-trained medical professionals serve expat families throughout Colombia’s larger cities, and Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla all have particularly strong healthcare infrastructure.

Healthcare and Health Insurance in Colombia

Finding a school in Colombia

Parents finding a school in Colombia have various options available. International schools provide high-quality education comparable to institutions worldwide. Bogotá hosts the largest concentration of international schools, offering curricula including the International Baccalaureate, American, British and European systems. Medellín and other major cities have more limited international school options, although bilingual private schools are widely available.

Colombia’s public and private school sectors have improved significantly in recent years. International schools maintain similar standards to those found globally and cater to both expat families and local students seeking international qualifications.

Education and Schools in Colombia

Getting around in Colombia

Getting around in Colombia varies significantly by city, with public transport options ranging from efficient metro systems to extensive bus networks. Medellín stands out as Colombia’s only city with a metro system, which is clean, safe, efficient, and affordable. Bogotá relies on TransMilenio, a bus rapid transit system with dedicated lanes, while Cali and Cartagena have their own bus rapid transit networks.

Taxis are cheap and widely available, with ride-hailing apps like Uber, DiDi, and InDriver operating in most major cities. These apps help overcome language barriers for non-Spanish speakers. Driving proves challenging due to unpredictable traffic patterns and varying road quality, leading many expats to rely on public transport, taxis, ride-hailing services or hired drivers instead.

Transport and Driving in Colombia

Climate and weather in Colombia

The climate in Colombia varies dramatically across its diverse geography, from tropical coastal lowlands to cooler mountain highlands. The country experiences primarily tropical weather patterns, although conditions differ significantly between regions. Colombia’s tropical forests, deserts, savannas and alpine zones each create their own microclimates, with temperature determined more by altitude than by season.

May to November generally brings the wettest weather throughout most of the country, while December to April marks the dry season. Coastal areas have high temperatures and humidity year-round, while highland cities like Bogotá enjoy mild, spring-like weather throughout the year.

Climate and Weather Charts in Colombia 

Relocating to Colombia will be an exciting step full of new opportunities, even for the most seasoned expat. Although certain challenges face expats in the country, new arrivals should rest assured that the warm hospitality offered by the Colombian people will ensure that they settle in quickly.

Fast facts

Official name: Republic of Colombia

Population: Around 53 million

Capital city: Bogotá

Other major cities: Cartagena, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla

Neighbouring countries: Colombia borders Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

Geography: Colombia forms part of a region known for earthquakes and volcanic activity. The Andes mountain range dominates the country, and most urban centres are set in the mountains. There are large coastal areas, deserts along the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, and vast areas of the Amazonian jungle shared with Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Colombia also has a few remote islands near Nicaragua.

Major religions: Roman Catholicism and other denominations of Christianity

Political system: Multi-party democracy

Main language: Spanish (official). English proficiency is limited outside major business centres and tourist areas.

Money: The Colombian Peso (COP) is, in principle, divided into 100 centavos, but in practice, only pesos are used. It is relatively straightforward for expats to open a bank account in Colombia with proper documentation.

Tipping: Tipping is common for foreigners, but locals rarely tip. Tipping in a restaurant is usually 10 percent of the bill. Some restaurants automatically add a service charge.

Time: GMT-5

Electricity: 110V, 60Hz. Two-pin flat blade attachment plugs and three-pin (two flat blades with a round grounding pin) plugs are used.

Internet domain: .co

International dialling code: +57

Emergency contacts: 123 (medical, fire, and emergencies), 112 (local police)

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road. Public transport includes minibus taxis, metered taxis and buses. Taxis are generally safe and affordable in major cities. Ride-hailing services such as Uber, Didi, and Beat are widely available in Bogotá, Medellín and other major urban areas.

The weather in Colombia varies widely across five natural regions: the Caribbean coast, Pacific coast, Andes mountains, Amazon rainforest, and eastern plains.

The Caribbean coast sees its wettest months from May to November, with a brief respite in July and August. The Andes experience two rainy seasons (April to May and September to November), separated by drier spells. The Pacific coast receives heavy rain year-round. December to April marks the main dry season across most of Colombia. The Andes have a shorter dry spell from July to August.

Altitude determines temperature more than season does, with the mercury dropping by roughly 3.5°F per 1,000 feet (6°C per 1,000 metres) gained: 

• Coastal and lowland areas stay warm year-round at roughly 75°F to 86°F (24°C to 30°C),
• Mid-altitude cities like Medellín average 70°F to 82°F (21°C to 28°C), and
• High-altitude areas like Bogotá range from 45°F to 68°F (7°C to 20°C).

Heavy rains can trigger flooding and mudslides, particularly in the more mountainous areas and informal settlements. Major cities have better drainage infrastructure, but still experience flash flooding during intense downpours. Expats should monitor local weather alerts during rainy periods. Colombia sits on multiple tectonic plates, so earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are occasional risks.

Working in Colombia is becoming increasingly attractive as word gets around about the country’s natural beauty, welcoming locals, and easy-going lifestyle. Despite political instability, Colombia has made impressive economic progress over the last 15 years.

The abundance of natural resources, the relative stability of the economy, the low cost of living, and the country’s promotion of free-trade agreements have led to substantial foreign investment in recent years. As a major economy with a relatively stable outlook, Colombia is an attractive destination for foreign investors and entrepreneurs.

Expat entrepreneurs often find that starting a business is much less tedious than searching for a traditional job in Colombia. Entering the Colombian job market is often quite difficult for expats, although some knowledge of Spanish will make the process easier. Securing employment before arrival is uncommon.

Obtaining the necessary visas can be a lengthy and frustrating process as well. If a company wants to hire you, it will need to submit a document detailing the employment offer. Smaller companies may be reluctant to sponsor your visa.

Job market in Colombia

Due to the increase in tourism in the country and an increasing emphasis on locals learning English, many expats in Colombia work as English-language teachers. These jobs are plentiful and relatively easy for native speakers to secure. You can work in government-sponsored programmes, in language schools, or you can give private lessons. The pay tends to be relatively low, though. Many expats start off teaching in an effort to make connections and adjust to Colombian culture in a more relaxed environment.

Other positions can be found in industries such as information technology, tourism, mining, and construction. The tech sector has been particularly strong. Expat job markets are primarily centred in Bogotá and Medellín, but you can find jobs nationwide.

Finding a job in Colombia

Finding a job in Colombia can be challenging before you arrive. Colombians traditionally value face-to-face contact, and many employers still prefer meeting prospective employees in person before making hiring decisions, although remote hiring has become more common in recent years. You can begin the process from home by making contacts via social media, professional networking sites and expat groups or forums.

Other expats may prove to be your most helpful resource in searching for opportunities, although job advertisements can also be found through community forums and online job boards. International sites like LinkedIn, Indeed and Glassdoor are quite popular in Colombia, as are local sites like Opcion Empleo and El Empleo.

Spanish fluency will be important when searching for a job on Colombian websites and local classifieds. Many employers won’t speak English either. Ensuring all necessary documents, including resumes, have been translated into Spanish is essential.

In some cases, starting a new business in Colombia may be easier than finding a traditional job. The country is actively promoting entrepreneurship and seeking foreign investment.

Visas and Permits in Colombia

Useful links

• El Empleo: Colombia’s Leading Job Portal
• Opcion Empleo
• Computrabajo
• Indeed Colombia
• Get on Board

Work culture in Colombia

Fostering good relationships with friends and colleagues is central to Colombian work culture. Inland cities such as Bogotá and Medellín are more formal in their work culture, while in coastal areas like Cartagena, locals have a more relaxed approach to business.

Attitudes toward time and punctuality vary across Colombia. In Bogotá and Medellín, punctuality is generally expected for business meetings. In coastal cities like Cartagena and Barranquilla, a more relaxed approach to timing is common, and meetings may start 15 to 30 minutes late. Don’t be offended if colleagues are not strictly punctual, as relationship-building often takes priority over rigid schedules.

Read more on Business Culture in Colombia.

Doing business in Colombia is an attractive prospect for expats, thanks to its position as one of the more stable economies in Latin America. Colombia has been enjoying strong economic growth over the last few years, with some fluctuations due to the pandemic, global economic dynamics, and domestic factors. Major industries include information technology, construction, mining, shipbuilding, and tourism.

Before conducting business in Colombia, you should familiarise yourself with the local customs that will influence your dealings in the country. Colombians are warm and expressive people who emphasise the importance of family and friendship. Establishing personal relationships and building trust will help you succeed in the Colombian workplace.

Fast facts

Business hours

Working hours in Colombia are typically Monday to Friday, commonly from 8am to 6pm, with a one or two-hour lunch break. The maximum working week was set to 46 hours in 2024, reduced to 44 hours in 2025 and will come down to 42 hours in 2026.

Business language

Spanish is the official language of Colombia. Although an increasing number of businesses may have English speakers on their staff, it is advisable to engage an interpreter.

Greetings

Handshakes are central to Colombian culture and are expected upon arrival and departure, accompanied by direct eye contact and a smile. Once business partners know each other well, greetings may become warmer, and men will embrace and pat each other on the shoulder, while women will kiss once on the right cheek. First names should only be used once invited to do so. Initially, you should address everyone by their title and surname.

Dress

Colombians place value on appearance. You should be neat and presentable and should dress conservatively in dark suits and ties for men, and dresses or suits for women. Clothing may be less formal in the warmer regions of the country.

Gifts

Gifts are received well and are expected when visiting a colleague’s home. Women are typically given flowers, particularly roses, while men will appreciate a bottle of liquor, as imported alcohol is expensive in Colombia. When receiving, it is polite to say thank you. Gifts are typically not opened immediately in front of the giver.

Gender equality

Although gender equality may be something of an issue in Colombian society, with a wage gap persisting and women still underrepresented in senior leadership positions, this should not be a problem for foreign businesswomen in the corporate world. Foreign businesswomen will be treated with courtesy and respect, although perhaps with some curiosity.

Business culture in Colombia

The business culture in Colombia tends to be quite formal in the major cities such as Bogotá and Medellín, with a more relaxed attitude in the hot coastal regions. Colombians prefer to engage in some small talk before focusing on business concerns, and they prefer to do business in person, favouring face-to-face meetings over phone calls or emails.

Communication and saving face

Communication tends to be quite subtle and indirect in Colombian business so as not to offend. Read between the lines, and use context and non-verbal cues to save face. Colombians may decline without directly saying “no”. Mistakes should never be pointed out in a public setting.

Although communication may be more indirect than you are used to, Colombians are also very warm and animated communicators. Engage in small talk and ask about family, friends, and hobbies before you get into business discussions. Trust and personal relationships matter deeply in Colombian culture. In terms of personal space, Colombians may interact within closer physical proximity than you are used to.

Time

Punctuality expectations vary by context in Colombia. Business meetings in major cities like Bogotá typically start on time. Arrive punctually to show respect for your Colombian counterparts. A five-minute delay is forgivable, but you should aim to be on time. That said, meetings may start 15 to 30 minutes later than scheduled, so it’s wise to leave buffer time between appointments. Time is generally more flexible than in North American or Northern European cultures. Relationship-building takes priority over rigid schedules.

Hierarchy

Hierarchy in Colombia is well-defined and respected. Colombian businesses typically maintain traditional organisational structures, where decisions flow from senior management. Respect for authority, seniority, position, and experience runs deep. Older colleagues and those in leadership roles command particular deference, and you should address them with appropriate titles and formality. This hierarchical approach means decision-making authority rests at senior levels rather than being distributed across teams.

Meetings

Business meetings in Colombia should be scheduled at least a couple of weeks in advance and confirmed closer to the time. Meetings typically begin 15 minutes or so after the scheduled start, so leave some extra time between appointments in case sessions run late or last longer than expected.

Meetings do not always follow the agreed-upon agenda and will generally go on as long as needed. Don’t rush the proceedings or push too quickly toward business matters. Initial meetings may involve substantial personal conversation before any direct business discussion takes place. Corporate lunches and dinners are popular for conducting business, although these tend to be large, leisurely affairs rather than quick working meals.

Attitude towards foreigners

Colombians tend to have a positive attitude towards foreigners. They’ll always ask your opinion about Colombia and how it differs from what you expected. Colombians are eager to help their country escape its sometimes poor global reputation. They welcome foreigners and emphasise the best of Colombia.

Dos and don’ts of business in Colombia

• Do accept invitations to social events
• Don’t offer opinions on local politics or make jokes about Colombian history
• Do make an effort to learn some Spanish
• Don’t mistake Colombian animation for aggression, as it is an expressive culture
• Do take time with business dealings rather than rushing things
• Do have business cards printed with Spanish on one side and English on the other
• Don’t bring up Pablo Escobar, narco-trafficking, or FARC unless your Colombian counterparts raise these topics first
• Do exchange business cards during first meetings, but only with people you’ve agreed to keep in touch with
• Don’t be overly direct or blunt in your communication style

Depending on your nationality and the purpose of your stay, you may need to get a visa for Colombia, whether you wish to visit, work, study or reside in the country. Ensure you know which type of visa is required. Colombia offers many different categories of visas.

Citizens from particular countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and France, do not need a visa to enter Colombia as a tourist for up to 90 days. Consult your local Colombian embassy to determine whether you need a visa.

Visas are classified under three broad umbrella categories: Visitor (V), Migrant (M) or Resident (R). There are more than 30 subcategories under each umbrella category. It’s essential to understand the visa rules before applying for a Colombian visa.

Visitor visas for Colombia

Visitor visas for Colombia are available for foreigners travelling for tourism purposes or to do business, participate in academic exchange and studies, do an internship, or volunteer. The visa also applies if you’re being transferred for work by an international company or travelling for a working holiday. Other categories of visitor visa include those for medical treatment and digital nomads.

The digital nomad visa allows you to work for a foreign company while living in Colombia. On this visa, which is valid for two years, you can be in the country for up to six months a year.

The rentista visa (also known as an annuity visa) is for those living on income from annuities, renting property, dividends, or interest.

Doing Business in Colombia 

Useful links

• Colombian Foreign Affairs: List of Nationalities Exempt from Short-Stay Visas
• Colombian Government: Apply for a Colombia Visa Online
• Colombian Foreign Affairs: Classes or Categories of Visas in Colombia

Migrant visas for Colombia

The migrant visa is intended for foreigners visiting Colombia for short trips or staying in the country temporarily. The visa is available if you want to live in Colombia and establish yourself, but don’t meet the resident visa requirements.

Migrant visas include marriage, work, retirement, and investment visas. If you’re a spouse of a Colombian national, employed full-time, a businessperson, investor, retiree or landlord, you could be eligible for this visa.

The migrant visa is typically valid for three years. This depends on the purpose of your visit.

Applying for a work visa in Colombia

Work visas in Colombia fall under the migrant visa category. Typically, your employer sponsors the application and must provide a formal employment contract detailing job responsibilities, salary, and the duration of employment. Applicants need to submit their passports, proof of qualifications, a criminal background check, and evidence of the employer’s legal registration in Colombia.

The application is submitted online through the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website. Processing times generally range from 15 to 30 business days. The employer plays a key role in gathering documentation and demonstrating that the position requires foreign expertise.

Working in Colombia

Useful links

• Colombian Government: Apply for a Colombia Visa Online
• Colombian Foreign Affairs: Temporary Worker’s Visa Information

Resident visas and permanent residency in Colombia

The resident visa is for expats who want to establish themselves permanently in Colombia. To be eligible for a resident visa, you need to hold a migrant visa for at least five consecutive years. Some categories have shorter requirements: spouses of Colombian citizens may qualify after two years, and some other family-based visas only require three years of continuous residence.

Resident visas allow visa holders to take up any employment in Colombia and provide long-term legal residency status.

The resident visa application requires substantial documentation, including proof of continuous legal residence, a clean criminal record and evidence of financial stability. Applicants must also demonstrate they’ve maintained their qualifying status throughout their time in Colombia.

Processing times for resident visa applications typically range from five to 30 business days. Once approved, you must register your visa with Migración Colombia within 15 days and obtain your Cédula de Extranjería (foreigner ID card), which is essential for accessing services, opening bank accounts and conducting official business in Colombia.

Useful links

• Colombian Government: Apply for a Colombian Visa Online
• Colombian Foreign Affairs: Qualified Resident’s Visa Information
• Colombian Foreign Affairs: Classes or Categories of Visas in Colombia

Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, so contact your respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Many, though not all, expats have some trouble adapting to the local culture in Colombia. The culture and lifestyle may not appear completely alien, but you’ll notice many idiosyncrasies that can take some adjusting to.

The experience expats have of local culture in Colombia will vary depending on their personality, lifestyle, and location within the country. Western-style shopping malls, grocery shops and eateries can be found in all the major cities, whereas adapting to life in smaller towns and rural areas will be significantly more challenging for newcomers.

Colombia has exploded in popularity with tourists and expats in recent years. While foreigners may still attract some curiosity in smaller towns and rural areas, major cities have become quite cosmopolitan. You may occasionally encounter stares or well-meaning questions, particularly outside urban centres.

Dancing and football are beloved throughout the country, and Colombians are generally family-oriented. You’ll undoubtedly be invited to your new Colombian friends’ homes and family events.

Regional differences in Colombia

Cultural differences across Colombia stem from the country’s diverse geography and history. In the Andean region, which includes cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali, people are often perceived as more formal and reserved, influenced by Spanish colonial history. The lively Caribbean region, encompassing cities like Cartagena and Barranquilla, has a more relaxed, expressive atmosphere, owing to its African, European, and indigenous influences.

The Amazon region, home to indigenous communities with unique customs and lifestyles, shows a fascinating contrast to the urban centres. The lesser-known Orinoquía region, with its vast plains and cattle-ranching culture, has its own distinct music, dance, and cuisine, reflecting its strong cowboy (llanero) heritage. The Pacific region, known for its lush rainforests and Afro-Colombian communities, is home to distinctive musical styles like currulao and a seafood-rich culinary tradition.

Time and punctuality in Colombia

Life tends to progress at a fairly slow pace in Colombia. The local approach to time and punctuality is flexible in social settings, although Colombians generally value punctuality in business contexts, particularly in major cities like Bogotá and Medellín.

With 18 public holidays annually, among the highest globally alongside countries like India and the Philippines, Colombians highly value their family and personal time, as well as their festivals and traditions. Queueing and waiting in long lines are commonplace. The practice of jumping these lines can also make visits to banks or shops tedious affairs.

Meeting and greeting in Colombia

Colombians are usually welcoming and passionate. People from Bogotá, Medellín, and other inland regions may be slightly more formal and reserved, but those from the coastal areas are quite laid-back and expressive. Adjust your greetings accordingly to make sure you don’t offend anyone.

Appearances are important in Colombia. Personal care services such as hairstyling, manicures and pedicures, teeth whitening, and even plastic surgery are far more affordable than in many European and North American countries. Everyone is generally expected to be well-groomed and neat at all times.

Women and gender roles in Colombia

As a predominantly Catholic population, people in Colombia are generally conservative, with men and women usually expected to conform to conventional gender roles. That being said, there is a growing number of women in business, and they tend to be respected by their male colleagues.

Like many countries in Latin America, chauvinism or machismo can be a problem. Female newcomers may have to deal with catcalling and harassment in the street, and men might be expected to pay for everything on a date or in a relationship.

That said, Colombia has made significant progress in promoting gender equality and empowering women in recent years, and the tides are gradually changing.

LGBTQ+ in Colombia

LGBTQ+ rights in Colombia have advanced significantly in recent years. Same-sex marriage has been legal since 2016, making Colombia the fourth country in South America to recognise marriage equality. The law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and same-sex couples enjoy adoption rights. In 2022, Colombia became the first country in Latin America to legally recognise a non-binary gender marker.

But there’s a significant gap between legal protections and LGBTQ+ people’s lived experiences. Violence against LGBTQ+ individuals is a serious concern, and transgender people face particularly high rates of violence and discrimination.

Major cities are much safer and more welcoming environments for LGBTQ+ expats than rural areas. Bogotá stands out as one of Latin America’s most LGBTQ+-friendly capitals. The Chapinero neighbourhood is the heart of the city’s lively queer scene and home to Theatron, the largest gay club in Latin America. Medellín and Cartagena also have established LGBTQ+ communities and nightlife scenes.

Language barrier in Colombia

The language barrier in Colombia can be significant, as the average Colombian does not speak much English, despite government efforts to prioritise bilingualism. This is particularly apparent outside the major urban centres. Learning Spanish will be essential if you’re hoping to integrate and fully adjust to life in Colombia.

The Spanish of the inland regions tends to be relatively easy to understand, but even if you speak the language well, you may find it challenging to comprehend Colombians from the Caribbean coast. There’s a huge range of vocabulary and slang, and regional meanings can vary widely.

To overcome language barriers in Colombia, take advantage of language exchange programmes and online courses or enrol in local language schools. Apps and language meet-ups can provide supplementary practice and opportunities to engage with native Spanish speakers. If the app has the option, select Colombian Spanish or South American Spanish to ensure that you’re learning the correct language for the region.

Safety in Colombia

Safety in Colombia has improved significantly in recent years, but street crimes like pickpocketing and armed robbery are still common. Expats should take certain basic precautions and be aware of their personal safety. You should also stay vigilant around roads, as Colombians tend to drive aggressively and have little patience for pedestrians.

Eager to put past stereotypes behind them, Colombians do their best to make foreigners feel welcome in their country. They work to put forward an image that is warm and generous. People are generally friendly, although they can also appear oblivious to those around them.

Colombia signed a peace agreement with FARC in 2016, but there are still active dissident groups. Parts of Colombia still experience conflict between guerrillas, paramilitaries, and government forces. The US State Department advises avoiding the Colombia-Venezuela border region, as well as areas like Arauca, Cauca (excluding Popayán), and Norte de Santander.

Food and drink in Colombia

Lunch is the most important meal of the day in Colombia. In rural areas, everything comes to a halt for two hours each day as people go home to enjoy a hot meal with their families. The Colombian diet is very carb-heavy and includes a lot of sugar, with numerous soft drinks, fruit salad drizzled with condensed milk, and tubs of dulce de leche sold on street corners.

Beer costs the same as, or sometimes even less than, a soft drink in the ubiquitous corner store tiendas. Coffee, particularly the strong and bitter tinto, is everywhere, as is freshly squeezed fruit juice. Water and other soft drinks are often sold in plastic bags, which may be unusual for newcomers.

In the larger cities, you should have no trouble finding eateries serving cuisines of any type. Imported food items will be available in larger grocery shops, but usually, they will have a hefty price tag attached.

Transport in Colombia

Colombia is a developing country, and the standard of public transport may not be what you’re used to at home. Traffic in Colombia’s major cities is notoriously congested, and Barranquilla and Bogotá rank among the world’s worst for gridlock. Drivers in Colombia pay little attention to signs and traffic lanes. Omnipresent motorcycles also completely ignore road rules as they wind through traffic.

Buses are often crowded, yet street vendors and performers frequently push through the crowds to sell their wares or serenade passengers. The major cities of Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla have rapid transit bus systems, and Medellín is the country’s only city with a metro.

Public Transport in Colombia

Accommodation in Colombia is becoming pricier as the economy develops, but you’ll likely find housing remains affordable, especially if you’re earning in a foreign currency.

When choosing where to live, you’ll need to weigh up factors like cost, security and location. Accommodation to suit almost any budget is available. However, you’ll generally be limited to a relatively small selection of middle- to upper-class neighbourhoods that offer security and proximity to public transport, supermarkets, department stores, and restaurants.

Most expats settle in Bogotá, the culturally rich and bustling capital. Another favourite city is Medellín, known as the ‘City of Eternal Spring’ due to its comfortable climate. Cali, the capital of salsa dancing, Barranquilla, Santa Marta, and Cartagena, along the Caribbean coast, are also popular locations.

Whether you’re renting or buying, you may struggle to find and secure accommodation in Colombia without a sound knowledge of Spanish. You may also be more susceptible to exploitative landlords and various scams. If you’re unfamiliar with the local language and culture, enlist the help of a professional translator or a friend who speaks fluent Spanish.

Types of accommodation in Colombia

The type of accommodation in Colombia you choose will depend on the town or neighbourhood you want to live in, your family’s requirements and, of course, your budget. Generally, the further you move from the city centre, the more choice you’ll have and the more affordable the properties will be.

Modern apartment complexes in Colombia have good security and often offer amenities like a pool or a small gym. Older apartment blocks are usually more spacious and comfortable. They also tend to have thicker walls than more modern buildings. Houses are typically expensive and are generally situated further away from the city centre.

If you’re single or on a tight budget, you might consider renting a room in a private home. Many have private entrances, including access to the entire house and its amenities, while allowing you to improve your Spanish. Although Colombians tend to live at home until they get married, you may also be able to find a room in an apartment shared with Colombian roommates or fellow foreigners.

Furnished or unfurnished

Both furnished and unfurnished housing is available in the major urban centres, although furnished apartments are typically significantly more expensive.

Unfurnished apartments may not include many of the appliances you’d expect, such as refrigerators, washing machines and microwaves. That said, renting an unfurnished apartment is often much more affordable, and if you’re staying in the country for a year or more, you’ll likely find buying your own furnishings worthwhile.

Short lets

A short lease is a good option if you're in Colombia for only a few months. They also allow new arrivals to get to know an area before committing to a long-term lease. A short let usually offers some flexibility in the length of the rental. These properties generally come furnished, and the price often includes utilities and services.

Useful links

• Airbnb Colombia
• Vrbo Colombia
• Booking.com Colombia

Finding accommodation in Colombia

Finding accommodation in Colombia may be difficult, especially if you don’t speak Spanish. There’s high demand for properties in the more affluent areas of every Colombian city. Establish your budget well in advance and research your preferred neighbourhoods to focus your search.

The best way to find an apartment is to walk around the desired neighbourhood, talk to locals, and look for ‘se arrienda’ or ‘for rent’ signs, and contact the owners via phone or email. Many apartments and houses are rented out by individuals rather than agencies. It’s pretty unlikely that the owner will speak English, so consider enlisting the help of a Spanish-speaking friend.

You can also use a real estate agency or refer to expat forums where other foreigners may advertise available rooms or properties. There are several different online portals for people in Colombia looking for flatmates or advertising apartments. Some people moving to Colombia will be lucky enough to have a relocation company working on their behalf, who will assess their preferences and shortlist properties for them to view.

When searching the internet, avoid using English sites, which generally market to tourists. Local websites will yield a more significant number of options at greatly reduced prices.

When using a real estate agency, the landlord typically pays the agent’s commission, although it’s worth confirming this arrangement before committing to an agent.

Useful links

• Encuentra24
• Fincaraiz
• PremierCasa

Renting accommodation in Colombia

Renting accommodation in Colombia can be a tedious process. Rental agencies typically require you to fill out lots of paperwork and provide references. Renting a room in a shared house or apartment is generally more relaxed and informal.

The rental market is competitive and fast moving. Definitely do some research before leaving your home country and shortlist suitable cities and neighbourhoods in Colombia that will suit your needs and budget.

Making an application

After deciding on the area you want to live in and the type of property you’d like to rent, you’ll typically research properties online. You’ll then contact real estate agents to set up viewings.

Once you’ve found a suitable property and made a successful application, the estate agent will draw up the contract. Colombian real estate agencies require background credit checks. This may prove difficult if you don’t have a credit history in the country, but the landlord or agent will usually accept a salary slip or bank statement.

You and the landlord should make an inventory (inventario del inmueble ) at the beginning of your tenancy agreement. Both parties should keep a copy for their records. Sign the inventory and add it to the tenancy contract. It should typically include details of the contents of the property. You and the landlord or agent should note any damaged furniture or fittings.

Leases

You’ll need one or sometimes two Colombians to co-sign your rental agreement (known as a fiador ). These co-signers will generally need to be property owners and will be responsible for payments should you default. You may find that local friends are either unable or unwilling to take on this responsibility, but an employer will often help with the process.

Although real estate agencies tend to be strict about this requirement, you may be able to avoid the necessity of Colombian co-signers by paying a large percentage of the rent upfront or by negotiating directly with the landlord.

Rental contracts in Colombia usually last 12 months. This can vary from landlord to landlord, depending on the contract. Both landlords and tenants can legally terminate the contract early if the other party doesn’t comply with the terms set out in the lease agreement.

Deposits

Deposits are prohibited by law in Colombia. Instead, landlords use insurance companies to provide security against rent arrears and property damage.

This kind of policy typically covers the property owner for multiple months’ rent and a fixed amount for damage to the property. They’ll write the cost of the policy into the lease agreement. You’ll either have to pay a monthly charge added to the rental price or an annual lump sum.

Terminating the lease

Terminating your rental lease in Colombia involves several steps. Firstly, you must provide written notice to the landlord one to three months before the intended termination date – the notice period should be specified in the rental agreement. Should you fail to provide sufficient notice, you may be liable to pay compensation, typically equivalent to the rent for the remaining lease period.

It’s essential to carefully review your lease agreement, as it might contain specific clauses regarding early termination. Upon termination, you’re responsible for returning the property in its original condition, accounting for normal wear and tear. Lastly, you and the landlord should settle any outstanding financial matters, such as unpaid rent or utility bills, before parting ways.

Useful links

• Función Pública: Colombian Government Information Portal
• Utility Services Regulator

Utilities in Colombia

The cost of services like water, electricity, and gas in Colombia varies based on usage and strata. The strata system helps subsidise the cost of utilities in lower-income neighbourhoods. In the more desirable neighbourhoods of the city, you’ll pay more for these services. Many people in rural Colombia forgo the luxury of hot water, especially on the coast, where it’s sweltering and humid. Be sure to confirm that your chosen property has hot water.

Although this varies between rental agreements, it’s usually your responsibility to pay for services such as water and electricity. Ensure that your rental agreement stipulates who pays for utilities. Utilities are generally included in the rental price of short-term leases.

Electricity

Regional companies provide electricity in Colombia, and the three largest are Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM), CODENSA (now Enel Colombia) and Celsia. Your electricity provider will vary depending on location. Electricity bills are issued monthly, and you can usually pay online or at local payment points like supermarkets or banks. Most electricity providers in Colombia offer online account management, allowing you to easily track consumption and pay bills.

Gas

Gas supply in Colombia is distributed in two ways: natural gas pipelines and propane gas cylinders. Natural gas is available in major cities like Bogotá, Medellín and Cali, serviced by providers such as Gases de Occidente and EPM. Gas bills are sent out once a month or every two months, depending on the provider and service. In more rural areas or smaller towns, you can purchase propane gas cylinders from authorised distributors and exchange empty cylinders at local petrol stations.

Water

Regional companies primarily manage water supply in Colombia, such as Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá (EAAB) in Bogotá and Aguas de Manizales in Manizales. Expect monthly water bills, which you can pay at local payment points or through online account management, depending on the provider. Water supply in Colombia is generally reliable, although major cities like Bogotá have experienced water rationing during severe drought conditions.

Bins and recycling

Municipal authorities manage waste management and recycling services in Colombia, contracting private companies to handle waste collection and disposal. Depending on the area, bin collection services typically run once or twice a week. Familiarise yourself with the local waste disposal and recycling guidelines, as there may be separate collections for recyclable materials such as paper, plastic and glass.

Internet

Be aware of additional utility costs in Colombia, such as television and internet services. These services are generally provided by companies such as Claro, Tigo, Movistar, and ETB (mainly in Bogotá). You can choose from a range of service packages, with monthly fees varying depending on the provider and package chosen. Account management for these services can usually be done online or via mobile applications.

Useful links

• Electricity and gas: CODENSA/Enel in Bogotá, EPM in Medellín and Antioquia, Celsia in Cali and Pereira, and Gases de Occidente
• Internet: Claro, Tigo, Movistar, ETB

Education and schools in Colombia have shown significant improvements in recent years, and the government’s commitment to enhancing its education infrastructure has led to better learning outcomes and global competitiveness.

The public education system is governed by the Ministerio de Educación Nacional (Ministry of National Education), but the standard of public schooling does vary rather widely, tending to lag behind in the more rural areas of the country.

The government has initiated multiple programmes, such as the National Development Plan, to bridge the education gap between urban and rural areas by enhancing infrastructure, providing teacher training and implementing technology-based solutions.

Private schools in Colombia form an important part of the education system. There are also many international schools in cities across the country.

The school year typically follows one of two calendars. Calendar A starts in late January or early February and ends in November, and is used by public schools and some private schools. Calendar B runs from August or September to June, followed by many private and international schools.

Public schools in Colombia

All mandatory stages of education in Colombia are subsidised by the state, allowing lower-income families access to free schooling. Children can attend state-sponsored community nursery schools or daycare centres from the age of one. Children enrol in elementary school at the age of six.

Secondary education is divided into four years of compulsory basic secondary schooling (ages 12 to 15) and two years of optional vocational education called educación media (ages 15 to 16, Grades 10 and 11). Students are offered different technical and academic specialisations.

Although you can enrol your children in public schools, many expat families choose not to due to the varying standards of public education. Children who don’t speak Spanish will find public schools extremely challenging. On the other hand, public schooling can offer an opportunity for cultural immersion, especially for the little ones who’d pick up the language more easily than older kids might.

Useful links

• Ministry of National Education

Private schools in Colombia

There is a wide variety of private schools in Colombia, and the standards, entry requirements and fees at these schools may differ considerably. Generally, private schools have higher learning standards, smaller classes and a wider range of extracurricular activities. Private schools are attended not only by expats but also by the children of wealthier Colombian families.

Many private educational institutions are bilingual, teaching classes in both English and Spanish. Research schools thoroughly before enrolling your child; although some schools call themselves ‘bilingual’, teachers may have only an intermediate knowledge of English, and most classes may be taught in Spanish.

International schools in Colombia

There are many international schools in Colombia, most of which are in Bogotá. There are also international schools in major cities such as Medellín and Cali. Expats will find English, French, German, and Italian schools in Colombia. Like many private schools, these are attended by a large number of local students.

International schools adhere to the educational model of their affiliated country. Schools will generally follow the national curriculum of this country, but many offer globally recognised qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate (IB). The teaching language is usually that of the school’s country of origin, but many international schools also offer bilingual programmes.

International schools in Colombia offer a high standard of education, similar to international schools across the globe. Tuition tends to be on par with private education in Europe or the United States, which is very expensive by local Colombian standards. Admission and enrolment procedures differ from school to school.

Useful links

• International Schools Database: Colombia

Special educational needs in Colombia

If you have a child with disabilities, you should consider an international school in Colombia, as these institutions provide the best special-needs care and education. The Ministry of Education implements policies and regulations for children with special education needs in Colombia. The system aims to include children with disabilities within mainstream schools, but there is still much room for improvement.

International schools will cater for most disabilities, including hearing, vision and other physical impairments, as well as mental disabilities. We recommend thoroughly researching each school to ensure that your child will be accommodated, as not all international schools cater for children with special educational needs, or perhaps not all challenges. Spaces at these schools also tend to fill up quickly, so apply well in advance.

Useful links

• Ministry of National Education: Inclusive Education Policies

Tutors in Colombia

Tutors in Colombia can be a valuable resource for your children, whether they need help learning Spanish or other speciality subjects or assistance preparing for entrance exams or SATs. A good tutor can also boost the confidence of expat kids in their new environment or with a new curriculum.

We recommend you inquire at your child’s school about reputable tutors, or browse for a recommended tutor on online resources such as Apprentus, Preply, Varsity Tutors, or TeacherOn.

Useful links

• Apprentus
• Preply
• Varsity Tutors
• TeacherOn

Healthcare in Colombia has become known for its quality, coverage, and accessibility. The country generally provides care of an excellent standard at a relatively low cost. This attracts numerous medical tourists looking for affordable treatment.

Health insurance is compulsory. All residents must be registered with a health service provider. Both public and private companies provide insurance to promote competition and a higher standard of service.

Public healthcare in Colombia

Public healthcare in Colombia can be of a high standard, but its quality and reliability are inconsistent. The system has faced significant strain in recent years. You may encounter overcrowded emergency rooms, long waiting times and shortages of doctors in public hospitals. Wait times for specialist care and non-emergency surgeries can stretch to several months.

Despite this, the level of care in major cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali is usually excellent, with well-trained doctors and well-equipped facilities. Access to healthcare in rural areas can be far more challenging, with significant disparities in both service availability and quality.

Most expats in Colombia opt to have some form of private healthcare plan, at least as a backup or for medical emergencies.

Useful links

• Superintendencia Nacional de Salud (Supersalud)

Private healthcare in Colombia

You’ll find private healthcare in Colombia easily accessible and affordable, even on a local salary. The country boasts a modern private healthcare system centred on the major cities. There is a range of insurance and treatment options for almost every budget.

Private healthcare in Colombia also attracts many medical tourists, especially from the US, who are wooed by the high quality of care and the low prices. This is particularly true for cosmetic surgeries and dental work.

Health insurance in Colombia

Residents of Colombia must be insured under one of two regimes. The subsidised regime is for low-income families and is known as SISBEN (El Sistema de Selección de Beneficiarios para Programas Sociales). Meanwhile, the contributory regime known as EPS (Entidades Promotoras de Salud) is for those earning above the minimum monthly amount. You’ll likely fall into the latter category.

The EPS contribution is part of your salary. If you have a contract that meets the minimum salary requirements, you must join the contributory health system. Under EPS, the system requires appointments to be made in advance. You’ll need a referral from a GP before seeing a specialist. Some services may require a small co-payment.

Note that recent policy changes have affected EPS eligibility for some visa types. If you’re applying for residency, check current requirements with an immigration lawyer, as regulations can change.

You should also consider taking out private medical insurance, even if you pay into the national healthcare plan. Most health issues can be dealt with at one of the many hospitals or clinics, but in the case of chronic or long-term illness, it is advisable to have extra cover in case specialist care is required. You can purchase private health insurance from several local or international providers.

When moving abroad with an employer, they’ll likely have already implemented a corporate healthcare plan. If moving independently, you should consider purchasing private insurance to top up the services available in the public system.

Useful links

• Superintendencia Nacional de Salud: EPS Oversight

Pharmacies and medication in Colombia

Pharmacies and medication in Colombia are easy to find. Look for the green cross sign marking droguerías (pharmacies) in cities and towns across the country. Many of these, particularly the large pharmacy chains like Cruz Verde, Farmatodo and Farmacias Colsubsidio, operate seven days a week and are open 24 hours a day. Some pharmacies offer home delivery services. Medication is also available at relatively low prices compared to those in the US and Europe.

Pharmacies tend to be well stocked. While prescription requirements in Colombia have become stricter in recent years, particularly for antibiotics and controlled substances, you may find that some medications requiring prescriptions in other countries are available with fewer restrictions here. You’ll likely find that purchasing your medication in Colombia will be significantly cheaper than in your home country. While there aren’t strict regulations on bringing reasonable amounts of prescription medication into the country, it’s worth checking local availability first.

Useful links

• Cruz Verde: Major Pharmacy Chain
• Farmatodo: 24-Hour Pharmacy Services
• Droguerías Colsubsidio

Health hazards in Colombia

Health hazards in Colombia require some awareness. Tap water in major cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali is generally safe to drink, although many houses and apartments have small water-filtration systems installed. You shouldn’t drink tap water outside these major urban centres unless it has been boiled, filtered or sterilised.

Mosquito-borne viral diseases pose a significant threat in Colombia. Dengue fever has reached record levels in recent years, with major outbreaks reported in 2023 and 2024. Yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are also present in many areas. Malaria remains prevalent in some rural and low-altitude areas, particularly in the Pacific coastal regions, the Amazon region and parts of the Orinoquía region. You should take the necessary precautions. When travelling to high-risk areas, use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and trousers, use window and door screens, and consider antimalarial medications where appropriate.

Useful links

• CDC: Colombia Traveler Health Information
• UK Foreign Travel Advice: Colombia Health

Vaccinations in Colombia

Vaccinations in Colombia should be taken seriously. Colombia experienced a significant yellow fever outbreak in 2024-2025, prompting the CDC to expand recommended vaccination areas. Yellow fever vaccination is now required for entry into Colombia for all travellers aged one year and older.

The following vaccinations are recommended if you’re travelling to Colombia:

• Yellow fever (required for entry; strongly recommended for most areas except Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Cartagena, Barranquilla, high-altitude areas above 2,300m, and San Andrés and Providencia)
• Typhoid
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B (for travellers under 60)
• Routine vaccinations, if not up to date (measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, chickenpox, influenza, etc.)

All routine vaccinations should be current before travel. Measles vaccination is particularly important due to rising global cases. Depending on your itinerary and planned activities, your doctor may also recommend rabies or chikungunya vaccinations.

Emergency medical services in Colombia

Emergency medical services in Colombia are coordinated through a national system. The national ambulance service is called the Servicio de Atención Médica de Urgencia (SAMU). It operates throughout the country and is free to all citizens. Health insurance will typically also cover the cost of ambulance services.

In Colombia, every clinic or hospital must provide immediate medical care to anyone who requires emergency medical attention.

In an emergency, call the national emergency number (123) from any phone. You’ll be redirected to the appropriate service. English is not widely spoken among emergency services, so speaking slowly and clearly is advisable. Tourist police (policía turística) are available in major cities and may offer English-language assistance, although specific contact numbers vary by location.

Useful links

• Policía Nacional de Colombia

Getting around in Colombia isn’t always straightforward, as expats will soon discover. Most cities have extensive bus and public transport systems, but expats often find using these can be an unpleasant, slow, and crowded experience. Driving is an option, although heavy traffic and somewhat unpredictable drivers make this an unappealing choice for many.

The fact that a sizeable portion of the country’s south is covered in rainforest complicates matters further. Expats wishing to travel in this region will find themselves restricted to travel by boat.

Public transport in Colombia

Buses

Buses are usually your best option for public transport in Colombia. They’re cheap, and most of Colombia is well connected by bus, both within and between cities.

Most major Colombian cities have some form of rapid transit bus system. The infrastructure for these is generally quite good, with dedicated bus lanes and well-positioned stations. In Bogotá, this bus system is known as the Transmilenio, in Cali as MIO, and in Cartagena as the Transcaribe.

Inter-city buses are often more comfortable than inner-city buses. Most have air conditioning, and some may screen films (although these are almost always in Spanish). Some bus drivers prefer to play music, so if you’re looking for peace and quiet, you may wish to pack earplugs.

Rail

Colombia has virtually no passenger rail network for everyday travel. The country's railway is almost entirely used for freight transport. The main exception is the Tren Turístico de la Sabana, a heritage steam and diesel train that runs on weekends between Bogotá and Zipaquirá, popular with tourists visiting the Salt Cathedral. A few experimental railbus services operate in remote areas to combat transport exclusion, though these aren't designed with expats or tourists in mind.

Metro

Medellín is Colombia’s only city with an inner-city metro system. Expats will find that it’s efficient, clean, and safe. This is generally the extent of Colombia’s passenger rail infrastructure – beyond this, there are a few tourist trains and routes, but they aren’t designed for everyday travel.

Useful links

• Transmilenio: Bogotá’s Bus Rapid Transit System
• Metro de Medellín
• MIO: Cali’s Mass Transit System
• Transcaribe: Cartagena’s Integrated Transport System

Taxis in Colombia

Taxis in Colombia are a cheap and easy way to get around, although how they operate differs from city to city. In the interior of the country, taxis are usually metered. You may have to negotiate a flat fare in coastal cities, though. A good grasp of Spanish will help you avoid the ‘gringo tax’ that opportunistic drivers sometimes charge unsuspecting foreigners.

The best way to get a taxi is to use a call-ahead service to order one. The taxis from these companies are largely reputable. It’s also possible to flag down a cab on the street. You should exercise caution in this case and only hail official taxis, which are yellow.

Taxi drivers are often happy to have repeat customers, and many carry business cards with their contact details so that you can get in touch when you need a ride. This is a good idea if you find yourself using taxis regularly and come across a driver you trust. Motorcycle taxis operate widely in Colombia and can be a way to bypass traffic, although they’re not legally recognised as official transport and the government considers them unsafe.

Ride-sharing services such as Uber, DiDi, InDriver, and Easy Tappsi (a Cabify app) are available in most Colombian cities. If you cannot speak Spanish, you’ll find these services an easy way to overcome the language barrier, as there’s little room for miscommunication with drivers and no need to read Spanish street signs or maps. It’s worth noting that ride-sharing services in Colombia operate in a legal grey area, and drivers may be unwilling to make certain trips.

Useful links

• Uber Colombia
• Taxis Libres
• Cabify Colombia
• InDriver
• DiDi

Driving in Colombia

Colombian drivers are known for driving impulsively and unpredictably. This makes the roads chaotic and dangerous. You should avoid driving if possible and instead hire a driver or make an arrangement with a taxi driver. The quality of the roads in Colombia varies hugely, and traffic is a problem in larger cities.

If you’re planning to purchase a car, you should be aware that in major cities, a system known as Pico y Placa has been implemented to help deal with the infamous Colombian traffic. Based on the last digit of its registration number, each vehicle is assigned two days a week, during which time it cannot be on public roads during peak traffic hours.

Driver’s licences

Tourists can generally use their driver’s licence from their home country, but residents will have to get a Colombian driver’s licence once they’ve received a Cédula de Extranjería (a Colombian ID document for foreigners staying in the country).

The process to obtain a Colombian driver’s licence involves passing both a theoretical and practical driving test. Some countries, including Spain, Peru, and South Korea, have reciprocal agreements with Colombia that allow licence exchange. For most other nationalities, you’ll need to complete the full licensing process through the Colombian National Transit Registry (RUNT).

Useful links

• RUNT: Colombian National Vehicle and Driver Registry

Domestic flights in Colombia

Domestic flights in Colombia connect major cities efficiently and are often the only practical way to reach remote regions like the Amazon. Avianca, LATAM, Wingo, JetSmart, Satena, and Clicair operate routes across the country, with Bogotá’s El Dorado International Airport serving as the main hub. While flights have become more expensive, they remain the best option for covering long distances quickly or accessing areas with limited road infrastructure.

Weather-related delays and cancellations are relatively common, particularly at smaller airports and during rainy seasons. Travellers should avoid booking domestic flights on the same day as international departures.

Destinations like Leticia (gateway to the Amazon), San Andrés (Caribbean island), and remote areas of the Chocó and Pacific coast are effectively only accessible by air. The main domestic routes connect Bogotá with Medellín, Cali, Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta, San Andrés, and Pereira. Regional carriers like Satena serve smaller towns and more remote destinations that larger airlines don’t reach.

Useful links

• Avianca
• LATAM Airlines
• Wingo
• JetSmart
• Satena

Handling banking, money and taxes in Colombia comes with its share of bureaucracy. The language barrier, in particular, adds a layer of difficulty because many of the documents, forms, and processes are in Spanish. You may have to enlist the help of a Spanish friend or translator.

Tax matters can become tricky. It may be worthwhile for expats to hire a tax professional to ensure they remain on the right side of the law.

Money in Colombia

Colombia’s currency is the Colombian Peso (COP). While the peso is technically subdivided into 100 centavos, centavos are no longer in practical use.

• Notes: COP 1,000, COP 2,000, COP 5,000, COP 10,000, COP 20,000, COP 50,000 and COP 100,000
• Coins: COP 50, COP 100, COP 200, COP 500 and COP 1,000

Banking in Colombia

Banking in Colombia is a fairly straightforward process. You’ll find that opening a bank account is simple as long as you have the correct documents. It’s also easy to find ATMs, and most places accept credit cards.

Some banks in Colombia have English-speaking staff to assist those who may not be fluent in Spanish. This may vary from bank to bank and branch to branch. You can check with your local bank branch or the bank’s website to see if they offer English-speaking services or if they have bilingual staff available.

Take heed of currency conversion fees when using foreign credit or debit cards in Colombia. These fees can add up quickly, especially in the case of frequent transactions and ATM withdrawals. Several international banks operate in Colombia, offering various banking services to expats and locals alike. These include Citibank (corporate banking only), BBVA, Scotiabank, and others.

Bank hours in Colombia vary depending on the bank and location. In Bogotá, banks typically open from Monday to Friday, 9am to 4pm. In other cities, hours are often split. 8am to 11.30am and 2pm to 4.30pm. Some branches offer extended hours, and many close at noon on the last working day of each month.

Opening a bank account

Expats wishing to open a savings or current account can do so at a local Colombian bank or a multinational bank such as BBVA or Scotiabank.

There are several documents required to open a bank account. These vary from bank to bank but usually include a Cedula de Extranjería (Colombian ID document for foreigners), passport and visa, proof of address, and proof of employment and income. Some banks may ask for references or require a Colombian guarantor – employers are often willing to fulfil these requirements.

Credit cards and ATMs

Expats are unlikely to be granted a credit card from a Colombian bank unless they already have an existing credit record in the country or have been banking in Colombia for six months or more. New arrivals needing a credit card will either have to bring one from home and possibly bear steep transaction fees, or apply for a credit card with an international bank in Colombia. References from a previous bank back home can boost their chances of approval.

In major cities, credit cards are accepted just about anywhere, including shops, hotels, and restaurants. Don’t be surprised if you’re asked to present some form of identification before you can pay with a credit card. In smaller towns, places that accept credit cards may be few and far between. Similarly, ATMs are easy to find in big cities but can be scarce in smaller towns.

Some ATMs only offer withdrawals at certain hours of the day or place a limit on withdrawal amounts at night for safety reasons. Always be aware of your surroundings while using an ATM, and be wary of anyone loitering close by.

Useful links

• Banco de la República
• Bancolombia
• Davivienda
• BBVA Colombia

Taxes in Colombia

Tax in Colombia is either deducted monthly from a salary or paid in an annual tax return. For individuals, tax return deadlines run from August to October each year, with specific dates based on the last digits of one’s tax identification number. There is a penalty for filing tax returns late.

Full-time residents – foreigners in Colombia for 183 days or more within a tax year – must pay tax on their total worldwide income. Those who spend fewer than 183 days a year in Colombia are only taxed on their earnings from within the country. Income tax in Colombia is progressive, with rates ranging from 0 to 39 percent depending on income levels. Residents may also be subject to wealth tax if their assets exceed certain thresholds.

Due to the tricky nature of expat taxes, we recommend hiring an experienced expat tax professional for guidance.

Useful links

• DIAN: Colombian Tax Authority