Getting around in Germany is a breeze thanks to the country’s modern and efficient transport system. Most people in Germany use public transport to commute, with trains being the fastest and most economical mode of transport.

If you are living in a major city like Berlin, Munich or Frankfurt, you won’t need a car to travel locally. And on occasions when you do decide to travel through the countryside, you can carpool or hire a car for a few days.

Public transport in Germany

Public transport in Germany consists of trains and buses and, in major cities, trams as well. With such a wide-ranging railway network, long-distance buses aren’t necessary but are a good alternative if you are on a budget.

Trains

Germany has an efficient and reasonably priced rail network that covers most of the country.

Trains are Germany’s most popular mode of transport, as they’re considerably faster than driving. For example, driving from Hamburg to Munich takes eight hours, while the equivalent train ride only takes six.

The Deutsche Bahn runs long-distance and regional trains in Germany, and various services are available for travelling around the country.

All major cities are linked by InterCity Express (ICE) trains. These trains are operated at high speeds of up to 205 miles per hour (330km/h), but tickets are pricey.

Regular InterCity (IC) trains are more affordable. They’re not as modern or fast as the ICE trains but are still reasonably comfortable.

Both ICE and IC trains run approximately every hour during the day on the most popular routes. While the network is fast and modern, delays are known to happen. It’s best to avoid booking connecting trains that are less than 20 minutes apart.

If you are organised and plan your trip in advance, you can make considerable savings. Reservations aren’t always necessary, but pre-booking seats for travel on weekends or public holidays is a good idea.

Ticket prices vary depending on the route and type of train. If you will be using trains regularly, we recommend investing in a Bahn Card. It is valid for one year and offers various discounts. Tickets for trains in Germany can be purchased at stations, on board the train, or at an authorised vendor. However, for the most affordable rates, you should purchase tickets online and as far in advance as possible.

Intercity buses

Apart from extensive bus services in all major cities and towns, there are a handful of intercity bus routes in Germany, most of which travel to or from the capital, Berlin. The bus services in Germany are provided by Deutsche Bahn, which partners with over 40 companies and affiliates to provide services. The major advantage of travelling by bus in Germany is the price.

For those booking in advance, the Neun-Euro Bus allows passengers to travel on any service connecting Hamburg, Hanover, Kassel, Frankfurt, Mannheim, and Heidelberg for a set price. You can see bus stops by their distinctive green capital H (for Haltestelle) in a yellow circle.

Useful links

• Deutsche Bahn

Taxis in Germany

Taxis are plentiful in Germany’s major cities and are cheaper than in many other large European capitals. Most drivers speak English and are generally helpful.

You can either flag one down in the street or find a Taxistand (taxi rank). While taxis are easy to find in city centres, it is best to book a vehicle ahead of time if you are travelling to or from the suburbs.

Travelling by taxi can be useful late at night, and it becomes a cost-effective method of transport if a single vehicle is shared by a group of people travelling in the same direction.

Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Free Now are also a super convenient way to get around. You can simply download the app, link your credit card and start riding.

Useful links

• Taxi.de
• Free Now
• Uber

Domestic flights in Germany

While using trains to get around Germany is often more straightforward, competition between budget airlines can make flight prices very competitive. Sometimes travelling by plane can even be cheaper (and is definitely faster) than the equivalent train journey.

However, you should be aware that budget airlines typically use smaller airports that aren’t always conveniently located, so you might end up spending extra time travelling by bus or train to your final destination.

Driving in Germany

Driving in Germany is easy, as the country boasts a network of excellent roads and motorways, including the Autobahn. There are no toll fees for cars, but taxes mean that petrol prices are high.

Germany’s national roads are in exceptional condition, and signage is easy to understand. But parking can be expensive and hard to find in major cities. While there are generally no speed cameras on motorways, there are many on smaller roads. Getting caught will result in costly fines. Drink-driving isn’t tolerated, and law enforcement is particularly strict and visible around holiday time.

Carpooling is also popular in Germany. It’s an environmentally friendly way to save money, and numerous websites allow people to contact others travelling to the same place. Some websites do charge a small fee for their services.

Driving licences

Foreigners are allowed to drive for six months on any foreign or international driving licence before they’re required to get a German licence. Around 20 countries have licence exchange agreements with Germany, which allows you to simply convert your driving licence to a German one.

If you are not from one of these countries, you must apply for a new German licence. This involves a practical and theoretical driving test. Obtaining a German driving licence typically takes three to five months, so be prepared for this.

If you plan on hiring a car in Germany, you should be aware that most cars are manual, and requesting an automatic car can be considerably pricier.

Useful links

• Federal Motor Transport Authority – Central Driving Licences Register

Cycling in Germany

Germany’s major cities all boast bike paths, dedicated bike lanes and combination foot/cycle paths, and many locals find that getting around cities by bicycle is a cheap, healthy and feasible way to travel.

Cycling in German cities is a pleasant experience, as most drivers are aware of the many cyclists on the roads and are cautious and courteous.

If you wish to cycle in cities, you will have many bike-hiring options to choose from. Alternatively, it is also possible to buy a second-hand bicycle quite cheaply.

Useful links

• Nextbike
• LimeBike

Walking in Germany

Often the best way to explore city centres is on foot, and walking is sometimes the simplest way to travel short distances.

While there are plenty of pavements available for pedestrians, you should be careful not to mistake them for the red-brick cycling paths, which are for cyclists only.

Jaywalking is illegal, and most pedestrians in Germany stick to the rules.

The national government plays a minor role in providing education in Germany, and the responsibility for schools mainly lies with individual states. Differences in the curriculum, teaching style and facilities can therefore vary not only between schools but also between different areas in Germany.

The German education system accommodates and caters for students with various abilities. Beyond the traditional academic subjects of maths, science, geography, history and languages, the German system also provides opportunities for students to study vocational disciplines.

Public schools in Germany

The standard of education and schools in Germany are generally good. Public school is only really an option if you plan on relocating to Germany for the long term or if you have children who are young enough to pick up a new language without it negatively impacting their education.

Most expats send their children to a private bilingual school in Germany or an international school, which allows them to continue studying their home country’s curriculum.

In Germany, most children only attend school in the morning. As there are usually no lunch facilities at public schools in Germany, most return home after their lessons in the morning and return in the afternoon for extracurricular activities. The amount of extracurricular activities available at schools in Germany varies considerably and is determined by each individual school.

Nursery and kindergarten

In Germany, sending children between the ages of 3 and 6 to nursery school or kindergarten is optional. School attendance becomes compulsory from 6 to 15.

Primary education

The education system varies throughout Germany, owing to the fact that each state is in charge of its education policy. Most children attend primary school, or Grundschule, from 6 to 12.

Secondary education

There are five types of schools that make up the secondary education system in Germany:

• Gymnasium: Similar to a grammar school, this secondary school is designed to prepare students for tertiary education and finishes with final examinations after Grade 12 or 13.
• Realschule: This type of school offers a broader education for intermediate students. Realschule offers a range of vocational subjects in addition to the traditional academic courses. There is a final assessment after Grade 10.
• Hauptschule: This type of school offers students a vocational education, and the final examination takes place after Grade 9 or 10.
• Gesamtschule: This combines academic courses with vocational ones and allows the student to transfer to either Hauptschule or Realschule in Grade 10.
• Sonderschulen: prepares students for Hauptschule or Realschule. Few students in Germany attend this type of school.

Tertiary education

To apply to a university in Germany, students are generally expected to have passed the Abitur examination following their Gymnasium education. Students who have attended Realschule and passed the Master Craftsman’s Diploma, or Meisterbrief, can apply for specific university courses.

For students who do not choose to attend university in Germany, there’s a special apprenticeship system called Duale Ausbildung. This system allows pupils who have studied vocational courses at secondary school to do in-service training at a company.

Useful links

• Federal Ministry of Education and Research

International schools in Germany

Most expats living in Germany send their children to an international school, as these institutions eliminate concerns surrounding language barriers.

German cities such as Berlin and Munich have many international schools that cater to students of various nationalities. International schools largely offer a high standard of learning, smaller class sizes and a variety of extracurricular activities.

The downside to sending a child to an international school in Germany is the hefty price tag. Some employers may offer an education allowance to help manage this cost, so we recommend speaking to your employer to find out what options are available.

Read more

• International Schools in Berlin
• International Schools in Munich
• International Schools in Frankfurt

Bilingual schools in Germany

An alternative to expensive international schools is bilingual schools. These are effectively public schools and therefore have no fees attached. Bilingual schools are a good compromise, as they allow expat children to mix with both locals and expats.

Bilingual schools in Germany usually offer two curricula: one based on a child’s mother tongue and another in German. These schools are highly popular in Germany, so spaces are often filled quickly. If you’re considering this option, you should start looking for school choices before arriving in Germany.

Special-needs education in Germany

According to the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), children in Germany, regardless of disability, have the right to early childhood education and primary, secondary, and tertiary schooling. Children with disabilities are supported as far as possible in mainstream schools.

Typically, the school will assess and determine the child’s support needs and develop an individual support plan in partnership with multidisciplinary professionals and parents. Children living with severe disabilities can also be sent to special-needs schools if their support needs are too great to be managed in a mainstream school.

Increasingly, there have been recommendations for inclusive educational practices in general education and vocational schools. The goal is to enable children to be educated together regardless of ability and to enhance the standards of special education teaching, advisory and support services.

Ultimately, the government tries to ensure that those with special needs can comfortably attend their nearest school and have access to the same standard of education as their peers. The aim is for students living with disabilities to learn and play in a safe environment that enables them to make good academic and social progress.

Useful links

• Intakt

Tutors in Germany

Education is highly valued in Germany, and tutors are widely used to improve and assist children’s schooling. Tutors might help in specific subjects such as maths or science.

Expat parents often hire tutors to improve their child’s German language proficiency. Tutors are also used to prepare for important exams or university entrance exams.

You might also find that your child may benefit from having a guiding hand in navigating a new school system or building some confidence. Top private tuition companies include Lernwerk and LearnPick.

Useful links

• Lernwerk
• LearnPick

A major international business hub, Germany’s location in the heart of Europe means that expats doing business in the country have instant access to Western Europe and the emerging markets of Eastern Europe.

Many established companies extend their operations to Germany each year and relocate staff there. Budding entrepreneurs also see it as a great place to start their businesses.

Understanding the market and the nuances of German business etiquette will be key to success in your new surroundings.

Fast facts

Business hours

Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 5pm, with an hour lunch break.

Business language

English is widely spoken and commonly used in multinational business discussions. Still, it would be best if you didn’t automatically assume your associates can speak English. Some knowledge of German is useful for those planning to do business with smaller companies or municipal authorities.

Dress

Formal and conservative – dark suits and corporate wear for men and women in banking, business and finance. In more creative industries such as fashion, art and advertising, there is more freedom in what people can wear.

Gifts

Gift-giving is not a usual part of business culture in Germany. That said, you can give small gifts such as flowers, wine, or chocolate if you are invited into a colleague’s home.

Gender equality

Germany has made great strides towards equality in the workplace and ranks highly internationally in this regard.

Business culture in Germany

The business culture in Germany tends to be quite conservative. If you wish to be successful and make a good impression in the local workplace, you must understand and incorporate elements of German business culture into their practices.

Efficiency

Business culture in Germany is formal, and efficiency in the workplace is paramount. Time is money – so being punctual is important. Once the meeting begins, Germans get straight to business, and there’s little room for small talk.

Formality

Business meetings in Germany are formal affairs; first names are rarely used in business relationships. Punctuality and appearance are critical, so you should dress well and arrive at meetings fully prepared and on time.

It’s best to avoid humour, especially at first, as it can be misconstrued. One should expect to be asked detailed questions and have facts and figures on hand to back up what is being presented.

Language

Although most Germans speak English well, many prefer to speak their language during business negotiations. You should consider hiring a translator for key meetings if you don’t speak German.

Greetings

Handshakes are the customary greeting in professional and social contexts. Business contacts must be addressed by their surname, which is to be preceded by Herr for men and Frau for women. First names are only used when invited to do so by a senior person, usually once some level of mutual respect has been established.

Networking

Expats will find that Germans are private and maintain a strict separation between work and home life, so it will take some time to forge more personal relationships with colleagues. At lunch meetings, you should allow the host to start business discussions and shouldn’t be surprised if alcohol is served.

Dos and don’ts of business in Germany

• Do arrive well-prepared for meetings and ready to answer questions
• Don’t arrive late to meetings or job interviews. Punctuality is important.
• Do dress formally in the workplace. Dark suits and corporate wear are safe options.
• Don’t assume everyone speaks English. Learn some German before starting a business venture, or consider using an interpreter for critical meetings.
• Do maintain eye contact when addressing German colleagues, especially during initial introductions
• Don’t try to integrate humour into the business environment

Located in northern Western Europe, Germany offers beautiful landscapes with green forests, rivers, tall mountains, and wide beaches along the North Sea. It’s a country with a rich history going back thousands of years, and each of its major cities has its own unique story and charm, including the capital, Berlin.

If you’re moving to Germany, you’ll likely find the transition smooth and easy, with little culture shock. As a modern and diverse country with a strong economy, Germany is a popular choice for expats because of its high quality of life.

Working in Germany

There are plenty of opportunities for qualified expats in business, science and technology, especially if you have skills in short supply. Healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses, and pharmaceutical technical assistants are also in high demand in Germany.

While opportunities to work in Germany abound, the country’s stringent immigration regulations are one of the biggest hurdles you’ll face. You’ll need a work permit if you’re from a non-EU/EEA country. This can be a bureaucratic process, but fortunately, Germany is famous for its efficiency, so it typically takes one to three months to secure a work permit.

Working in Germany 
Business Culture in Germany

Finding accommodation in Germany

Depending on where in Germany you choose to live, you’ll likely have plenty of options when it comes to finding accommodation. Housing in major cities like Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munich typically comprises apartments, with single-family homes relegated to the outlying suburbs.

One of the most jarring aspects of renting in Germany is that most apartments come bare, with no built-in furniture or even light fixtures. This means you’ll have significant start-up costs when you first start renting in Germany. While most expats decide to rent while they live in the country, purchasing a home in Germany isn’t complicated, even for foreigners.

Renting Accommodation in Germany

Getting around in Germany

The general standard of public transport infrastructure in Germany is excellent. Thanks to extensive public transport in German cities, you probably won’t need a car, and long-distance travel is made easy by low-cost flights and good transport links.

Cycling is also becoming increasingly popular due to its environmental, health, and economic benefits, and Germany is continuously investing in its cycling infrastructure. Walking in the city centres of Berlin, Munich, or Frankfurt is also a popular choice, as these cities are reasonably pedestrian-friendly.

If you do choose to drive, you’ll be delighted to find that renting a car is easy. Most expats can drive on their foreign licence for six months before having to exchange it or apply for a German one.

Transport and Driving in Germany 
Getting Around in Berlin 
Getting Around in Frankfurt 
Getting Around in Munich

Cost of living in Germany

Living costs in Germany can be quite high, but not necessarily higher than the average for Western European countries. As is to be expected, rural areas are cheaper than cities. 

Naturally, housing will be your largest expense, but the cost will largely depend on where you live in Germany and whether it’s a city centre. Income tax rates in the country are also quite steep, so this is something else you must be prepared for.

While Germany’s public transport system is excellent, daily commutes can be pricey. Fortunately, discounts are available, and it’s easy to walk or cycle in some parts of the country.

Cost of Living in Germany
Cost of Living in Berlin
Cost of Living in Munich
Cost of Living in Frankfurt

Lifestyle in Germany

The lifestyle in Germany is vibrant and diverse, with entertainment options to suit everybody who comes to its shores. German beer is world-famous, so visiting one of the country’s many beer gardens is a must. Visiting one of the country’s organic markets is a fantastic way to spend a Saturday morning.

Sports like football, handball, and ice hockey are also favourite pastimes in Germany. There is also plenty for families to get to in their leisure time, including countless museums, amusement parks, city parks, forest hikes and much more.

Shopping, Attractions, Activities, and Annual Events in Frankfurt, Berlin, and Munich

Healthcare in Germany

Families relocating to Germany will be happy to know that the standard of healthcare is nothing short of excellent. You can choose between state or private health insurance depending on your income. Both public and private hospitals in Germany are on par with international standards.

That said, waiting times in public health institutions are longer than in private hospitals. If you have specific health concerns, you can find comfort in the fact that specialist facilities are in good supply.

Healthcare in Germany
Find Hospitals in Munich
Find Hospitals in Berlin
Find Hospitals in Frankfurt

Finding a school in Germany

The standard of education in Germany is also exceptionally high. The system accommodates students’ different abilities, and various options include an array of international schools throughout the country. Public school fees are free, but the language of instruction is German, which may make them unsuitable for expat children.

You can also find bilingual public and private schools, but these are highly popular across Germany, so it’s essential to begin the enrolment process as early as possible. Although pricey, international schools are a great option for expats who will only be in the country for the short term and would like their children to continue learning in a familiar curriculum and language.

Education and Schools in Germany
International Schools in Berlin
International Schools in Munich
International Schools in Frankfurt

Climate in Germany

The weather in Germany changes frequently from day to day, and even seasonal patterns vary from year to year. The country’s northwest region is generally the coldest, with temperatures increasing eastward and southward. On the whole, summers tend to be warm across Germany, and winters are bitterly cold. Extremes aren’t common, but severe winters can sweep through the country occasionally.

Climate and Weather in Germany

Fast facts

Official name: Federal Republic of Germany

Population: Around 84.5 million

Capital city: Berlin (also the largest city)

Neighbouring countries: Germany shares borders with Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Switzerland and Austria to the south, France to the southwest, and Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands to the west.

Geography: Germany’s diverse landscape extends from the mountainous regions of the Alps across the forested North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.

Political system: Constitutional republic

Main languages: German is the official language, but English is widely understood.

Major religions: Christianity

Money: The Euro (EUR), divided into 100 cents, is the official currency. Germany has a sophisticated banking system, and opening a bank account as an expat is relatively easy. ATMs are easy to find throughout the country.

Time: GMT+1 (GMT+2 from the end of March to the end of October)

Electricity: 220 volts, 50Hz. Two-pin European plugs are standard.

International dialling code: +49

Emergency numbers: 110 (police), 112 (ambulance)

Internet domain: .de

Transport and driving: Germany has a well-established and efficient public transport system, and a car is not necessary if living in one of the country’s major cities. Driving is on the right-hand side of the road.

Expats will need to get their paperwork in order and make sure they have the proper visa for Germany before relocating.

As a member of the European Union, Germany permits citizens of other EU states to enter with nothing but their passports and entitles them to live and work in Germany without a visa. Once there, they will still need to get a residency permit.

Non-EU citizens travelling to Germany for a short stay may need to apply for a Schengen visa, which usually takes about two weeks. Non-EU expats planning to live or work in the country must get the necessary work or residency permit.

For more information on visas for Germany, visit the Federal Foreign Office’s Consular Services Portal.

Tourist visas for Germany

Germany is a signatory to the Schengen Agreement, so nationals of other Schengen countries won’t need to apply for a tourist visa before they arrive. Their passports are stamped upon arrival, and they can stay for 90 days.

In addition to the Schengen countries, citizens of the UK, the US, Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand can stay in Germany for 90 days or less without a visa.

Schengen visas for Germany

Most non-EU citizens must apply for a tourist visa at a German embassy or consulate ahead of time. It’s best to apply well in advance – you can submit the application up to three months before your planned departure date.

Schengen visa holders can visit other Schengen states. If they plan on travelling to other countries, they should apply at the consulate of the country they arrive in or the one they plan to spend most of their time in.

Schengen visa holders don’t have permission to work or conduct business in Germany and other member countries.

Business visas for Germany

If you want to travel to do business in Germany, you must apply for a business visa, which requires a formal invitation from a German company. You’ll also need to provide evidence of your visit, including the duration of your stay and a guarantee for any costs involved.

Even someone visiting the German office of their current employer would need a business visa.

Study visas for Germany

If you are already admitted to a German university or are looking to gain admission, you must apply for a study visa. The type of visa you apply for will depend on whether you have already gained admission or are in the application process.

If you have not yet gained admission, you must apply for a visa to apply for a course of study, which is valid for three months. Once you are admitted to a university or college, you can apply for a residence permit for study purposes.

Otherwise, you can apply for a visa for study purposes, which is usually valid for a year. You must also prove that you can support yourself while studying in Germany.

Residency permits for Germany

Applications for a residency permit (Aufaenhalt) must be made in person at a German embassy or consulate or through the immigration authorities in Germany. Since EU nationals have the right to live and work in Germany, getting a residency permit is simply a formality.

There are several types of residency permits for non-EU citizens who intend to work in Germany. There are residence permits for general employment (Arbeit), professionals with specialist skills, self-employed foreigners, highly skilled with qualifications in specified sectors (EU Blue Card) and IT professionals. In most cases, non-EU expats must have their residency permits approved before they arrive.

The EU Blue Card

The EU Blue Card is highly popular among expats as it allows them to enjoy similar rights and protections as German citizens and paves the way for permanent residency. In most cases, you must have a job offer with a contract valid for at least six months in one of the ‘bottleneck professions’ in Germany.

These include STEM and healthcare professions. Germany has recently eased salary requirements for the EU Blue Card, and expats applying for it are no longer limited to jobs directly related to their qualifications, making it an even more attractive choice for new arrivals.

Once your application is approved, you will be granted a limited or unlimited residency permit, depending on your country of origin and reasons for being in Germany. Permits attached to a fixed-term contract are granted for the same length of time as the contract states.

Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

As with most things in Germany, the banking, money and tax systems are sophisticated and easy to navigate. Once you have a residence card, opening a bank account is fairly straightforward.

Everyday transactions are simple since online banking is a standard feature, and most outlets accept credit cards.

Money in Germany

The official currency in Germany is the Euro (EUR), with 1 EUR divided into 100 cents.

• Notes: 5 EUR, 10 EUR, 20 EUR, 50 EUR, 100 EUR, 200 EUR and 500 EUR
• Coins: 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents and 20 cents, and 1 EUR and 2 EUR

Banking in Germany

Germany has a well-established and respected banking sector. Some major local banks include Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, and DZ Bank. Many international banks, including HSBC, Lloyds TSB, and Citibank, have branches in Germany. Continuing an overseas account through one of these is sometimes a good option for expats.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account in Germany is easy, and online banking is commonly used to make transactions and manage accounts. As a foreigner living in Germany, you must provide your residence card, proof of address, and a passport to open a bank account.

Some banks may also require you to provide your tax number (SteuerID), which you receive when you register your address. Although rare, some banks may also need you to provide a credit report from SCHUFA, Germany’s main credit bureau.

To open an account immediately, you must bring a nominal amount of cash. Alternatively, funds can be transferred from overseas, which may take a few weeks.

ATMs and credit cards

Once you open an account, the bank issues you a Eurocard (EC), which you can use to withdraw cash, print out bank statements from ATMs (Geldautomat), and make purchases. However, you should note that withdrawing money from another bank’s ATM will incur extra charges.

Most debit and credit cards are accepted in Germany. ATMs can be found nearly everywhere and generally offer good exchange rates (there are transaction charges for international card use that can quickly add up).

Otherwise, you can exchange cash at bank branches, bureaux de change and even post offices – surprisingly, post offices offer some of the best rates.

Taxes in Germany

If you have lived in Germany for more than six months in a year or have a permanent residence, you are considered a tax resident. Those who are tax residents will have to pay tax on income derived from worldwide sources. High earners pay much more tax than those on lower salaries.

Taxes are largely automatically deducted from an employee’s pay cheque by their employer. In Germany, as in most European countries, workers are taxed throughout the year, and adjustments are made for possible under- or over-payments at the end of the year.

Income tax rates increase progressively up to 45 percent. A solidarity surcharge (almost 6 percent of income tax) must also be paid. No income tax is charged on basic allowances.

As an expat, you must get a tax card when you start working in Germany. Self-employed people must complete a tax return at the end of each tax year.

Germany has double taxation treaties with many countries, but all expats must complete an annual tax return regardless of whether they are formally employed or do freelance work.

Useful links

• Federal Central Tax Office

Information about tax allowances and rates change regularly, so expats are advised to check with the authorities for the latest information

Working in Germany, one of the world’s largest, most stable and flourishing economies, is an enticing prospect for many expats. Immigration policies have tried to curb unskilled immigrants entering the country to protect local labour, but there are nonetheless opportunities for qualified expats in industries with skills shortages.

If you are moving to Germany from outside the EU, you must ensure that you are eligible for a work permit for Germany.

Job market in Germany

The German IT and tech industries are enormous and in desperate need of skilled employees, and policy is shaped to attract qualified personnel. There are also opportunities for those working in biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and high-tech science fields.

Salaries in Germany are some of the highest in the world. You can expect to earn well if you have a degree in sought-after fields.

When negotiating your employment packages, you’ll be discussing your salary as a gross amount. Taxes in Germany are high and depending on your salary, you may have as much as 50 percent deducted from your monthly earnings.

Many employers will lure expats by offering incentives such as performance bonuses, salary reviews and contributions towards private health insurance policies.

The German labour market is highly regulated, and, as a result, employees have many protections and benefits. All workers in Germany are entitled to holidays, paid sick days, maternity/paternity leave and the option of working part-time.

Finding a job in Germany

Most expats who move to Germany are transferred from the overseas offices of international companies.

If you are looking to move to Germany without a job in hand, you will need to get to grips with some nuances of the German job market. When applying for a job in Germany, you must provide a comprehensive CV (Lebenslauf) that documents your entire education and professional career in reverse chronological order.

You’ll also have to attach written recommendations from previous employers and copies of degrees and awards. It’s best to include these with the original application rather than waiting for them to be requested, as may be the case elsewhere.

German employers want a complete picture of prospective employees, and omitting any important details could negatively impact your chances of success, especially if the other applicants are German.

Many expats enlist a recruitment agency when looking for a job in Germany. They can help them find jobs in specific fields and advise candidates on which documents to include for a particular application. They’re also well-equipped to advise expats about what they should expect in terms of salaries and benefits.

Online job portals are also a good source of information. Once in Munich, you can consult the job listings in local newspapers for information on vacancies. Company websites also regularly list vacancies.

Useful links

• Stepstone
• Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs – Job Board
• JobMESH

Work culture in Germany

Business culture in Germany, in general, is formal, and efficiency in the workplace is paramount. Time is money – so being punctual is critical. Once the meeting begins, Germans get straight to business, and there’s little room for small talk.

Punctuality and appearance are important, so you should dress well and arrive at meetings fully prepared and on time. It’s best to avoid humour, especially at first, as it can be misconstrued. You should expect to be asked detailed questions and have facts and figures on hand to back up what is being presented.

Although most Germans speak English well, many prefer to speak their own language during business negotiations. If you don’t speak German, you should consider hiring a translator for key meetings. Newcomers to Munich will find that Germans are generally private, and many locals maintain a separation between their work and home life, so it may take some time to forge more personal relationships with some colleagues.

The standard of healthcare in Germany is excellent, and there’s a growing culture centred on healthy living.

Both public and private hospitals in Germany should meet expats’ expectations. Germany is home to several leaders in medical research and pharmaceuticals and numerous specialist hospitals. Berlin, in particular, is a leading health destination in Europe and is home to some of the country’s largest medical centres.

By German law, all residents must have health insurance that covers hospital and outpatient medical treatment. Proof of health insurance is also mandatory when applying for a German visa. Fortunately, if you work in Germany, your employer typically registers you with a local German health insurance company as part of the visa application process.

Public healthcare in Germany

With more than 2,000 hospitals in the country, you will never be too far from medical assistance.

Medical facilities in both public and private clinics in Germany are first-class and known for short waiting times. Doctors and medical staff are well-trained and professional and generally speak fluent English. Most German hospitals have several specialists, but it’s also possible to find specialists who work outside of hospitals.

Typically, if you need medical assistance, you would first visit a general practitioner (GP). The GP would assess your condition and refer you to a specialist if necessary.

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access state healthcare during a short-term visit. UK citizens can use their Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), which replaced the EHIC for UK citizens post-Brexit.

Useful links

• German Federal Ministry of Health

Private healthcare in Germany

Although public healthcare is most popular among German citizens, around 11 percent of the local population and expats opt for private healthcare (Private Krankenversicherung, PKV). You can only purchase private health insurance coverage if you are:

• a high-income earner (over EUR 70,000)
• self-employed
• a civil servant

Private healthcare allows policyholders to customise their policies to include services like dental and optometry. Private healthcare costs are significantly higher than public services, but it allows greater flexibility than public healthcare.

There are two kinds of private hospitals in Germany: non-profit and for-profit facilities. Private hospitals typically offer private rooms and a more luxurious experience, and waiting times are also much shorter.

Health insurance in Germany

All residents in Germany legally must have health insurance, including expats with a residence permit or a fixed-term contract for more than a year. Therefore, you will have to sign up for some form of health insurance.

There are two types of health insurance in Germany: private health insurance through a company or statutory health insurance provided by the state. You can only take advantage of statutory health insurance if you are formally employed by a company in Germany, while self-employed expats have to get a private policy.

Employers share the cost of health insurance with expats and usually pay half of the cost, regardless of whether they have chosen private or statutory health insurance.

Useful links

• Techniker Krankenkasse (TK)

Pharmacies and medicines in Germany

Pharmacies, or Apotheken as they are known locally, are easy to find and can be identified by a large red ‘A’ on their signs.

By law, pharmacies in Germany must be owned and run by a qualified pharmacist. But each pharmacist is only allowed to own up to three pharmacies. So, unlike many other countries, you won’t find any large drugstore chains in Germany.

North American expats should note that a drugstore, or Drogerie, in Germany sells toiletries and consumer goods but not medicines.

All medications, including non-prescription drugs, are kept behind the counter in German pharmacies. Only a selection of non-medicinal health products is available on the shelves.

Pharmacists in Germany are cautious and are likely to ask customers whether they understand the dosage on their prescriptions. They also generally speak good English and can offer advice on non-prescription medicines.

Most pharmacies are well-stocked. If a customer needs medicine that’s not in stock, it can usually be ordered for same-day pick-up or, at the longest, the following day.

Most pharmacies are closed in the evenings, on Saturday afternoons, Sundays, and holidays. Some even close early on Wednesdays. However, every pharmacy has a list on the door listing the pharmacies in the local area that stay open late for emergencies.

Health hazards in Germany

There aren’t any significant health hazards facing German residents. Some major health hazards are related to lifestyle diseases. Germany has a strong drinking culture, and much of the cuisine is centred around breads, so obesity and cardiovascular diseases are prevalent in the country. We recommend maintaining an active lifestyle and eating a healthy diet while living in Germany.

Vaccinations for Germany

No special vaccinations are required for expats moving to Germany, but the following routine vaccines are recommended:

• Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
• Tetanus
• Diphtheria
• Hepatitis B

Although it is no longer a prerequisite to entering Germany, a COVID-19 vaccine is also recommended for safe travel. Cases of measles are also on the rise worldwide, and we recommend getting your vaccinations up-to-date if you are not fully vaccinated against the disease.

Emergency services in Germany

In an emergency, you can call an ambulance in Germany by dialling 115. Except for some smaller private hospitals, most hospitals have an Accident and Emergency unit.

Patients arriving at a German hospital in an emergency will receive treatment even if they cannot show proof of health insurance. However, their treatment will likely be expensive if they aren’t covered.

If you are from a Western country, you’ll likely have little trouble adjusting to your new surroundings in Germany, but a few things in German culture may take some getting used to.

We recommend taking the time to learn about local culture in Germany and having a basic knowledge of the local language, which will certainly help you overcome culture shock.

Language barrier in Germany

Many expats find that getting to grips with the German language is their biggest cultural hurdle. Although many Germans speak English as a second language, there’s no guarantee that everyone an expat comes across can speak it fluently or even basically.

It’s a good idea to take some German lessons before you move. This will make socialising with locals easier, and it will be advantageous in the workplace if you can speak a few basic German phrases.

Germans usually appreciate it when foreigners try to communicate in their language and are often willing to help new arrivals improve their language skills.

Food in Germany

While expats will undoubtedly find a wide range of international cuisine and various health foods in Germany’s main urban centres, getting used to traditional German food may take a while.

German cuisine is highly meat-based, so vegans and vegetarians may struggle at first. But it shouldn’t take too long for new arrivals to familiarise themselves with traditional foods and find something that meets their dietary requirements.

Traditional German food tends to be very hearty and rich, and portions tend to be on the larger side.

Cultural etiquette in Germany

New arrivals soon find that Germans generally value order, privacy, and punctuality. Careful planning and preparation help many people maintain a sense of security both in their business and personal lives.

People in Germany tend to adhere to rules quite strictly, and they’ll typically let people know what’s expected of them. You shouldn’t be offended if someone corrects your behaviour – for instance, by telling you that you have parked incorrectly. Keeping each other in check is seen as a social duty and just part of cultural etiquette in Germany.

Germans believe there is a proper time for every activity, and many choose to keep their work and personal lives separate.

Efficiency is also important in the workplace. When the work day ends at around 4pm or 5pm, people are expected to leave. If someone stays after normal business hours, it usually isn’t seen as a sign of extra effort but rather that they didn’t plan their day well.

Punctuality is essential in German business and social arrangements, and being late for a meeting is disrespectful. You should try to arrive on time and let your associates know if you’re running a little late.

Communication in Germany

Germans may seem unfriendly and unemotional at first. But this is often because they respect each other’s privacy. Similarly, being loud or angry in public is viewed as a sign of weakness.

You should be careful about complimenting people and do so sparingly – too many can come across as false and embarrass a person rather than flatter them.

While they are generally polite, Germans tend to communicate directly. This type of honesty may cause offence in other cultures, but it’s appreciated and expected here.

Locals also enjoy their personal space and avoid touching people while speaking unless they are family or close friends. It’s best to keep an arm’s length of space when talking to acquaintances.

True to its high-tech reputation, Germany’s high-quality communication infrastructure features some of the most efficient technologies in the world. You shouldn’t have any problems keeping in touch in Germany and staying in contact with family and friends back home.

Telecommunications in Germany

Telecommunications in Germany are highly developed, so you can expect excellent service from the many service providers that operate in the country. The largest mobile service providers are known for offering world-class service.

The mobile phone market in Germany is dominated by three main operators: T-Mobile, Vodafone, and O2. One advantage for expats who choose a prepaid package over a mobile contract, apart from being able to monitor their usage, is that many include international call perks.

Internet in Germany

If you enjoy the novelty of ordering a double espresso while clicking away on your laptop, you will be happy to know that most coffee shops and restaurants in Germany offer free wireless access.

Many apartments include a wireless connection, with the cost worked into monthly rental fees. However, not all apartments offer this package, and new tenants may need to look for a service provider.

The most popular service providers include 1&1, Vodafone and O2. Selecting a host might seem difficult, but they all offer similar services at competitive prices. Most of the larger mobile operators also offer internet packages.

Useful links

• 1&1
• Vodafone
• 02

Postal service in Germany

The Deutsche Post runs the national postal service in Germany. Although the company has now been privatised, there remains little competition in this area.

The German postal service is generally reliable and fast, with most letters sent within the country arriving at their destination the following day. Depending on the size of the item being sent and when delivery is required, a variety of postal options are available.

Useful links

• Deutsche Post

English-language media and news in Germany

English-language news sources are quite readily available in Germany. The Local is the main English-language news source in Germany, and The Munich Times provides local daily news for the English-speaking expat community in Bavaria.

Bild and Spiegel are useful online sources that offer national news stories in English. International newspapers and magazines are available on daily news-stands and in newspapers throughout the country.

Certain English TV channels, such as BBC World, Sky News and CNN, are available via cable TV in Germany. Deutsche Welle is Germany's main English-language radio station and provides up-to-date news stories. A full bouquet of streaming services is also available in Germany.

For many years, Germany has been one of the most popular expat destinations in Europe, but living in Germany also comes with its challenges.

The country has plenty of job opportunities and excellent infrastructure. However, when you first move to Germany, you might experience some culture shock due to the language barrier and the more traditional aspects of the culture.

Below are some of our biggest pros and cons of moving to Germany.

Accommodation in Germany

+ PRO: Comfortable and high-quality housing

Although accommodation in Germany can be small, most rental properties are comfortable and built to exceptional standards. There are many options, ranging from maisonettes and large suburban houses to stylish studio apartments in the city centre.

- CON: Unfurnished rentals are common

Many of the rental apartments in Germany come completely unfurnished, often without kitchen cabinets or even light fixtures. This can be jarring and expensive if you are from a country with a different rental market. Fortunately, it’s easy to buy second-hand furniture from expats who are returning home, and the local furniture shops are reasonably priced.

Cost of living in Germany

+ PRO: Low cost of living

Overall, the cost of living in Germany is on par with the rest of Western Europe. Basic needs such as food, electricity, internet, and clothing are all relatively affordable. Barring the city centres of Munich and Frankfurt, even accommodation is relatively cheap, depending on where you choose to live. Germany is relatively inexpensive compared to coastal cities in the US and other major European countries.

- CON: Extreme tax deductions

The biggest con of living in Germany is the high tax deducted from a worker’s pay. Depending on your salary, income tax can be as high as 40 percent of your income. The upside of these high taxes is that they allow many subsidies, including free education and healthcare.

Local culture in Germany

+ PRO: Locals are disciplined and punctual

Expats are frequently surprised at the Germans’ punctuality and discipline. But, once acclimatised, you’ll find it refreshing. You’ll also notice that work culture, and life in general, is significantly improved because of it.

- CON: Locals aren’t particularly friendly

Many expats report finding Germans rather unwelcoming at first. This can be intimidating for newly arrived expats, but once they settle in, they usually deduce that this brusque attitude isn’t personal.

Generally speaking, Germans can be tough to engage with, but once you immerse yourself in the local culture and perhaps learn the language, you’ll find that the locals will warm up to you.

- CON: Language barrier

Although most Germans speak English well, there’s a general reluctance from their side to speak the language. Germans often won’t speak English in certain situations out of embarrassment or simply because they don’t want the exchange to last too long. The German language can also be difficult to learn, but it’s certainly worth it if you plan to be a long-term expat.

Working in Germany

+ PRO: Good work-life balance

Working in Germany offers an excellent work-life balance. Munich, Hamburg, and Berlin are frequently ranked among the top 10 ‘most liveable’ cities in Germany. Germans tend to negotiate for more flexible working hours and often prioritise their families over work.

- CON: Rising through the ranks can be tough

Since Germany has such a large pool of highly educated workers, competition for top positions can be fierce. Rising through the ranks can be challenging for many workers, but it’s especially true for foreigners. There’s a definite glass ceiling in workplaces in Germany that only a few get to break through.

Lifestyle in Germany

+ PRO: Easy access to other European countries

Many expats enjoy living in Germany, as travelling to other European countries is easy. You can simply get on a bus or train or even rent a car and experience a completely different environment within a few hours. This proximity makes weekend trips to France, Belgium, and the Czech Republic eminently possible.

- CON: Bland food

Although Germany is known for its excellent beer and delicious pretzels, the local cuisine can be limited. Although expats from other European countries may not notice it as much, those from more exotic countries may struggle with daily meals comprising bread and potatoes.

Healthcare in Germany

+ PRO: High standard of healthcare

The healthcare system in Germany is highly modern and well-developed. Most hospital workers can speak English, so you won’t experience language barriers. Hospital staff, in general, tend to be friendly and efficient, and hospitals are equipped with state-of-the-art technology.

- CON: Public health insurance can be slow

Sometimes, the government can take a long time to pay medical providers. This can make setting an appointment or finding a new doctor with state insurance challenging. There’s a noticeable difference between how those with private medical insurance are treated compared to people on public insurance.

Getting around in Germany

+ PRO: Excellent public transport options

Germany has a great public transport system. You can easily get across the country and even travel to neighbouring countries by train and bus. Cities are also well serviced by local bus, train and tram systems, so much so that many expats don’t feel the need to buy a car.

- CON: Cycling is not that straightforward

You must follow many strict rules when cycling in a German city. Not following these rules will anger other road users and can result in fines. Vehicles also tend to use bicycle lanes for their own purposes, making it difficult to get around on a bike.

Known for its efficiency and innovation, Germany welcomes people from all walks of life to enrich diversity and inclusion in its society. More than 200 nationalities make up German society, and the country continues to attract even more skilled foreign workers.

Additionally, Germany supports its LGBTQ+ and disabled communities by ensuring access to spaces that may otherwise be restricted. Despite its past, Germany has committed to being a safe haven for all who come to its shores.

This guide provides a glimpse into diversity and inclusion in Germany.

Accessibility in Germany

Germany has a positive, progressive attitude toward creating a barrier-free society. From the built environment to technology, the country’s legislation ensures public and private sector organisations design and deliver their services mindful of those with restricted mobility.

In practice, these minimum standards are often exceeded, making Germany easy to navigate in a wheelchair or for anyone with impaired hearing or vision. As with any European country, historic spaces and places are less accessible as urban and regional planners balance modernisation with heritage.

Airports

Most expats arrive at either Frankfurt or Munich, two of the seven major airports in Germany. Both have modern, highly efficient terminals, well linked by road and rail. Passengers with any common impairment can expect comprehensive facilities and courteous staff to help them navigate their way through the airport to a variety of joined-up onward travel choices.

Taxis

While most taxis can take a foldable wheelchair, fully accessible vehicles are not mandatory, so booking in advance is recommended. Availability varies – for example, hailing a wheelchair-adapted cab is easier in Frankfurt than in Berlin, but increasingly popular apps such as Uber now offer accessible options. In metropolitan areas, metro, bus, and tram services are some of the best in the world and are often better choices for most urban destinations.

Buses

Buses are popular, particularly at night when other services are closed, but they can be slow and less comfortable than newer tram and light rail services. Bus stops in urban centres can be identified by a green-coloured letter H on a yellow background. Most vehicles can be lowered and have ramp access and a dedicated wheelchair space.

Rail

Germany’s metro is called the U Bahn. Most lines run above ground, with a few in a subway system. Stations are marked with a white U on a blue background. The service runs through the night and at weekends in several large cities. By law, all stations and trains must be accessible to wheelchair users, and tactile signs and surfaces are provided to aid the visually impaired.

The U Bahn’s larger cousin is the S Bahn (suburban rail). These express trains travel from city centres deep into the suburbs. They operate flawlessly in bigger cities such as Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and others.

Car hire

Every international car hire company is present in Germany. In fact, one of the market leaders, Sixt, began in Bavaria in 1912 with just three cars. The minimum driving age is 18, but the minimum age to rent a car is 21, and most agencies add a surcharge for those under 25. Documentation is required, including a credit card in the main driver’s name, a valid licence and a passport. Those holding a licence from outside Europe may also need an International Driver’s Permit.

Useful links

• European Network for Accessible Tourism

LGBTQ+ in Germany

In Germany, everyone is free to live their sexual and gender identity – and the law protects LGBTQ+ individuals. Occasionally, LGBTQ+ people still experience hostility and discrimination.

Harassment or inequality is outlawed by the General Equal Treatment Act (Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz), which protects individuals from discrimination based on their skin colour, nationality, sex, religion, disability, age or sexual/gender identity.

The Antidiscrimination Agency (Antidiskriminierungsstelle) efficiently and compassionately addresses unfair treatment while job-seeking, at work, in a restaurant, club, shopping centre, bank, or while flat-hunting.

Useful links

• LSVD

Gender equality in Germany

Equal rights apply to everyone, regardless of gender identity. Germany’s basic law, or Grundgesetz, means women and men are equal, and the state must promote substantive gender equality.

Germany is also committed to fulfilling its gender equality obligations under European law and to tackling the gender pay gap, which is some 18 percent in the country, by upgrading the value of specific roles. Structural changes to childcare provisions are also being made.

Useful links

• European Institute for Gender Equality

Women in leadership in Germany

Despite comparable career paths, the number of top women managers lags significantly behind that of men. This applies to all levels of management and is especially evident on company boards. Only 37 percent of executive board positions in Germany’s listed companies are held by women.

The government aims to encourage and support educational opportunities, career choices and lifestyles that break gender role traditions and stereotypes, and the gap is closing each year.

Useful links

• Fair Share of Women Leaders

Mental health in Germany

It’s not uncommon to experience problems with emotional well-being through concerns about work, family, finances or the future – including neglect or abuse. It’s estimated around one in four German adults suffer from mental health issues each year, including conditions related to anxiety and addiction.

In recent years, there has been an increased understanding of mental health, which has long been an invisible illness. Those living abroad are typically more susceptible to mental health issues, and Germany is well set up to support the well-being of residents and foreign professionals.

Useful links

• Vista Berlin
• German Red Cross

Unconscious bias in Germany

Unconscious bias refers to prejudices absorbed when living in unequal societies. Preconceptions around gender, age, and ethnicity inhibit effective hiring, limit development, and lower staff morale.

Business practice in Germany is to tackle all conscious bias through workplace training and zero-tolerance policies.

Diversification of the workforce in Germany

For historical reasons, Germany does not collect demographic data on ethnicity at a state level. Numbers are gathered by community groups and in private sector surveys of businesses.

It is clear that non-white ethnicities are underrepresented in government and on the boards of large or listed companies. Things are improving, but not at the pace of other European countries with more accurate benchmarks to inform policy and progress.

Safety in Germany

Germany is a safe place to live and work, with good and bad areas in most cities, just like any developed Western country. Crimes such as theft, pickpocketing and vehicle break-ins are common in urban settings – and quite rare in rural ones.

Metropolitan centres have some of the most advanced surveillance and security systems available, and the law (and police force) are respected by the vast majority of citizens.

Women’s safety in Germany

Women’s safety in Germany aligns with that of its developed European neighbours. Gender-based or sexual harassment occurs but is unusual and treated by authorities and fellow citizens with zero tolerance. Walking alone at night does present dangers in certain city suburbs, but common sense and awareness prevail. Women can dress as they wish, without fear or judgement.

Calendar initiatives in Germany

4 February – World Cancer Day
8 March – International Women’s Day
19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day
June – Pride Month
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
10 October – World Mental Health Day
November – ‘Movember’ (Prostate Cancer Awareness and Men’s Mental Health Month)
14 November – World Diabetes Day
1 December – World AIDS Day

Germany’s climate is quite inconsistent. The weather changes frequently from day to day, and even seasonal patterns vary from year to year.

The country’s northwest region is generally the coldest, with temperatures increasing eastward and southward. Summers tend to be warm across Germany, with average temperatures reaching between 64°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C).

Winters are bitterly cold. Average winter temperatures in most regions range from 13°F (11°C) to 37°F (3°C). Snowfall is common, especially in the mountainous regions. Extremes aren’t common, but severe winters can sweep through the country occasionally.

Spring can take shape slowly, and Indian summers lasting well into October can appear occasionally. Rainfall mainly occurs during the summer months. If you enjoy the drama of a thunderstorm, you will likely experience quite a few in Germany.

As a newcomer to Germany, you’ll soon discover that the best way to prepare for the weather is to check local stations daily before leaving the house.

Finding a place to stay in Germany will be your first priority as a new arrival. A comfortable home in an area that’s suited to your lifestyle will go a long way toward easing the transition to your new surroundings.

Accommodation in Germany ranges from furnished apartments and maisonettes to trendy studio apartments, cottages, and large family homes. Luckily, there are many options for reasonably priced housing in most cities.

Further away from city centres, house hunters will find more iconic German Fachwerk (half-timbered) houses, cottages, and Bauernhause (farmhouses).

Most expats rent rather than buy property in Germany because of the short-term nature of most assignments, but most locals also rent their homes.

Types of accommodation in Germany

Your choice of property will depend on where in Germany you are moving to. Generally, within the city centres of major urban hubs, most people tend to live in apartments. The standard of accommodation in Germany is on par with other Western European countries. Properties are often comfortable but small, air conditioning isn’t common (and rarely necessary), and adequate heating is essential in winter.

If you want to rent property in cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich, you will find that housing costs are determined mainly by location; the closer someone lives to the city centre, the more they can expect to pay.

Many people look for accommodation in outlying suburbs, where they get a better balance between price and space than ‘downtown’ areas. One benefit of living in Germany is having access to efficient public transport regardless of where you live.

Home security shouldn’t be a major issue either. Although petty theft does occur, especially in the downtown areas of major cities, home invasions and violent crimes are rare, so you will generally feel safe in your home.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Although furnished rentals are becoming more popular in urban centres, most of the rentals in Germany are unfurnished. These rental properties often come entirely bare, without even basic fixtures like light fittings and kitchen cabinets. This can make initial renting costs in Germany quite pricey, but unfurnished rentals are often more affordable than their furnished counterparts.

While shipping furniture to Germany – particularly from within the EU – is a viable option, you shouldn’t have much trouble buying items to kit out your new home after you arrive. Most German cities have plenty of shops that sell new, second-hand and antique furniture.

Furnished apartments typically include everything from a bed, light fixtures, and appliances to cutlery and bedding. They are normally more suitable for expats who will only be in the country briefly.

Read more

• Short-term Rental Accommodation in Germany

Finding accommodation in Germany

Finding a property to rent in Germany is relatively easy. You can search online or check social media networks; using a real estate agent can sometimes cost as much as a month’s rent.

Once you’ve found a suitable property, you must arrange a date for a viewing (Bezichtiging) with the landlord. Group viewings are common, and there may be as many as 20 other potential tenants at a single viewing.

Once you’ve found the right property, express interest immediately. Landlords often determine the shortlist for rental applications themselves.

Useful links

• ImmoScout24
• Kleinanzeigen
• HousingAnywhere

Renting accommodation in Germany

The availability of rental property varies from location to location. In the major cities, properties tend to move quickly as the demand is high, so you must act promptly to secure a suitable place.

Making an application

Once you find a property you like, you should start by arranging a viewing with the landlord or agent. If the property is particularly popular, the landlord may hold a group viewing. If interested in a property you’ve viewed, express interest as soon as possible to the landlord or agent.

Ensure your paperwork is in order so you can apply swiftly. You will usually be required to provide a copy of your ID, work permit (if applicable) and payslips or an employment contract.

Leases

To secure the property, you must sign a Mietvertrag (rental contract). The contract contains details about the property and the tenant’s rights and obligations. Before signing the agreement, determine whether the quoted rental amount includes utility costs.

Read the tenancy agreement carefully to ensure you understand how much notice is required to terminate a lease early. Once the contract is signed, both parties are legally bound. It’s essential that you fully understand the document and that you get the document translated into English if it is in German.

Deposits

You’ll need to pay a security deposit of one to three months’ rent, which can be paid in three equal monthly instalments.

Termination of the lease

Most rental contracts in Germany are a year long, and if either party wants to terminate the lease early, they’ll need to provide three months’ notice. Tenants should carefully note inventory and formally report any damages to the property to ensure the security deposit can be returned in full at the end of the lease.

Utilities in Germany

Typically, utilities are not included in the rental cost in Germany. Whether you rent a furnished or unfurnished apartment, utility costs are an additional housing expense you’ll have to budget for.

Electricity

The electricity market in Germany is deregulated, meaning you can often choose your own supplier unless your landlord has a contract with an existing supplier. You can decide between a fixed or dynamic rate contract. Some homes will have two metres, one for the day and one for nighttime, when electricity prices are frequently lower.

Some major electricity suppliers include E.ON, RWE, and Vattenfall. To sign up for an electricity contract, you must provide your proof of identity, rental agreement, German bank account details, and meter information. You can submit this information online, in person at the supplier’s office, or by telephone.

Electricity bills are frequently paid through a direct debit from your bank account. The bills are typically sent annually and will be based on your actual consumption.

Gas

Natural gas is typically used for cooking and heating homes in Germany. The easiest way to connect gas and enjoy discounts is to use the same company for your electricity and gas.

Similarly to electricity, you can set up your gas account by providing your identity, bank account, meter, and rental information documents to your chosen supplier. Gas bills are typically sent monthly or bi-monthly, and you can make payment through a direct debit or bank transfer.

Water

Local municipalities are responsible for treating and supplying water in Germany, so the connection process will be based on where you live. Regardless of where you live, you can expect superior water quality throughout Germany. In some cases, water will be included as part of your monthly rental fee.

If you have to set up your own water services, you can contact your local municipality online, telephonically or at their nearest office to request connection services. You’ll typically have to supply them with your identity documents, rental agreement, meter information, and bank details.

Water bills are sent out monthly or quarterly and will be based on your actual consumption. There are several easy ways to make payments.

Bins and recycling

Waste management in Germany is overseen by local municipalities. Residents are generally required to separate their waste at source into designated bins. The colours of these bins differ across municipalities. Waste is typically categorised into residual waste, recyclables, and biowaste.

The collection frequency will vary based on the type of waste and the municipality. Germany has one of the highest recycling rates in the world, so familiarise yourself with your municipality’s recycling practices. Recycling is taken fairly seriously here.

Read Keeping in Touch in Germany to learn more about the country’s mobile, internet, and cable services.

Useful links

• Check24
• Berliner Wasserbetriebe
• Mainova AG
• Stadtwerke München GmbH
• Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety

Over the last few years, it’s become difficult for non-EU nationals without specialist skills to find employment or get work permits for Germany.

While the government has implemented policies to protect jobs for locals, citizens from certain EU member states have the right to live and work in Germany without restriction. But those hoping to stay longer than three months must get a residency permit. Those who have sought-after skills may qualify for a specialist professional residence permit.

EU citizens can work in Germany without a work permit and will only need to register their presence in Germany. If you are from outside the EU, you must apply for one of several types of work permits for Germany.

General employment permit for Germany

If you apply for a general employment permit (Arbeit), you need a firm offer of employment from a German company and a vocational qualification.

The general employment permit is pretty challenging to obtain, mainly because the German government prefers jobs to be given to German nationals wherever possible – so employers have to justify why a foreign national would be more suitable for the job.

Specialist professional residence permit for Germany

Various expats can apply for a specialist professional residence permit in Germany. Most applicants are graduates with specialist skills. University professors, managers with numerous years of experience, and those with particular specialised skills can also apply for this type of permit.

It would help if you could prove your German language skills. You must also provide a firm offer of employment, your degrees and qualifications, and proof of sufficient funds to support yourself while living in the country.

Self-employed residence permit for Germany

The third type of work permit is for freelancers, self-employed individuals, or those planning to set up a business. To get a self-employed residence permit, applicants must demonstrate how their specific skills are required in the particular area of Germany they plan on settling down in.

Those who want to set up a business need to show that their business will positively contribute to the local economy – by employing local staff, for instance. Applicants must also prove they can fund the startup of their business, as there are limited business funding opportunities for non-German nationals.

If you plan to apply for this type of visa, you should draw up a detailed business plan illustrating its long-term goals and the steps you’ll take to achieve them. It’s likely to be in your favour if you have a similar business elsewhere.

Self-employed residence permits are usually granted for three years to allow the business to get off the ground. When it comes to renewal, the permit will be extended indefinitely if the applicant can prove it’s been a success.

Useful links

• Make It In Germany – Working in Germany

Visa and work permit regulations are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.