Most international schools in Ghana are in the capital, Accra. The primary advantage of these schools is that they follow various foreign curricula that allow many expat students to continue where they left off in their home country. The standard of teaching at international schools tends to be high, and facilities align with those in Europe or North America.

Many of them allow bilingual learning experiences as well as additional foreign languages. Some schools are Montessori or Christian-based, which some expat families may prefer, and several schools offer care and educational services for children from just a few months old to 18 years of age.

Of course, international schools carry hefty fees, but the higher-quality facilities and better education and schooling are worth it. Expats may be able to negotiate tuition allowances with their employers to help them.

Here is a list of some of the international schools available in Ghana.

International schools in Ghana

American International School

At the American International School of Ghana (AIS), expat families will find a welcoming community dedicated to nurturing young minds. The school, striving to be an IB Candidate School, offers a stimulating academic environment from Pre-K3 through high school, emphasising the development of 21st-century skills like critical thinking and global awareness. With a newly unveiled state-of-the-art Girls’ Boarding House, AIS creates a home away from home, ensuring its students’ academic and social flourishing.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American
Ages: 2 to 18
Website: www.aisghana.org

British International School

The British International School in Ghana is a hub of excellence, embodying a blend of disciplined, creative and inquiry-based learning. The school thrives on the mantra of consistent study to achieve excellence and recognition, a principle echoed in the admirable performance of its Cambridge IGCSE students. With an inviting ethos and a journey toward academic distinction, BIS is a place where every learner can blossom and achieve their full potential.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels)
Ages: 1 to 18
Website: www.bisghana.com.gh

Ghana International School

The Ghana International School (GIS) is a beacon of international education and offers a rich history dating back to pre-independence Ghana. GIS blends the English National Curriculum and Cambridge International Examinations, fostering a diverse learning environment. The school is an outlier in that it's Ghana's only school to be accredited by the Council of International Schools (CIS) and the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), making GIS one of the best international schools in Ghana. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels)
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.gis.edu.gh

German International School Accra

As part of the esteemed network of German Schools Abroad, the German International School Accra (GISA) promotes German language and culture while embracing the bilingual advantage inherent in its location. GISA provides a robust academic foundation from nursery to secondary education, preparing students for the global professional landscape. In a multilingual country like Ghana, the school’s bilingual programme embodies a rich educational experience blending linguistic proficiency with cultural understanding.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: German
Ages: 1 to 18
Website: gsis-accra.org

Lincoln Community School

The Lincoln Community School stands as a paragon of international education in Africa, offering the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum in line with American standards. LCS emphasises a community-centric, diverse learning environment from the Primary Years Programme (PYP) to the Diploma Programme (DP). The school’s co-curricular programmes enhance students’ experiential learning, encouraging a well-rounded development amidst a vibrant community setting.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American and International Baccalaureate
Ages: 4 to 18
Website: www.lincoln.edu.gh

Lycée Français International Jacques Prévert d'Accra

The prestigious Lycée Français International Jacques Prévert d’Accra is a haven for fostering academic excellence and multicultural camaraderie. With a rich history of delivering quality French education, LFIA boasts a robust language policy ensuring a multilingual foundation for students, preparing them for a globalised world. Explore their remarkable educational pathway that adheres to the French national education system and extends a welcoming hand to the international community, embodying a blend of cultural diversity and rigorous academic programmes.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: French
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: lfaccra.com

Tema International School

Tema International School was established in 2003 with a vision to mould world-class citizens through its distinguished American and IB programmes. TIS offers a nurturing environment for Grades P–12 students, fostering academic excellence and cultivating responsible, performance-oriented and service-minded individuals. With many extracurricular activities, from sports to the arts, and a strong emphasis on community engagement, TIS provides a holistic education, guiding students towards a bright and impactful future.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American and International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.tis.edu.gh

The Ghanaian government has immigrant quotas in place that limit the number of foreigners who can be employed by companies operating in Ghana. Aimed at reducing unemployment in the country and increasing international investment, these quotas are generally based on the company or organisation’s investment in Ghana.

For foreigners who can secure a job in Ghana, the next step is to apply for both work and residence permits. Because the work permit application process must be started in Accra, most employers assist with it.

Application process for work permits for Ghana

Work permits in Ghana are also known as Grants of Employment Quota. Applications must be done in person at the Ghana Immigration Services headquarters in Accra. In most cases, the employer will submit the documents on a foreign worker’s behalf before they arrive in the country.

Work permits are usually granted for one year, the length of the contract or a maximum of two years. After this period, expats must apply for a renewal.

The company applies for the work permit on behalf of the applicant with certain company-specific documents, but it also requires specific personal details and particulars of the expat. These are subject to change but usually include:

• passport-sized photos
• a curriculum vitae and supporting documents
• letter of employment and employment contract
• a copy of their passport
• two references from Ghanaian citizens (one of which should be the employer)
• police clearance report from the applicant’s home country
• a medical certificate from a recognised Ghanaian hospital

The application process can take anywhere between two weeks and multiple months, so it’s vital to submit the application as soon as possible.

*Visa and work permit requirements are subject to change at short notice, and expats should consult their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Apart from the heat, one of the first things that new expats moving to Ghana will notice are the friendly locals and laid-back culture. Whether moving from North America, Europe or even from nearby West African countries, newcomers will find plenty to explore and experience in Ghana. Ghana is relatively quiet and peaceful, from Accra, the country’s coastal capital, to the dusty northern towns bordering the Sahara Desert.

Living in Ghana as an expat

The expat community in Ghana has grown over the years and is diverse. Lebanese traders who have been in the country for generations have been joined by diplomats, aid workers and, more recently, professionals in the private sector, as an increasing number of expats are flooding into the country to work or otherwise do business in the growing hydrocarbon, telecommunications, mining and transport industries.

It can be challenging but not impossible for expats to find suitable accommodation. Most expats live in enclaves that offer a wide range of modern amenities and private security. Expats living in standalone houses might need to install generators and water storage tanks for when the mains supply fails, and life without functioning air conditioning in Ghana is difficult. 

Getting around in Ghana makes for an interesting and adventure-filled experience if expats choose to use public transport. Most locals use buses or minivan taxis known as tro-tros. These minivan taxis are the cheapest way of travelling around Ghana, but may not be the most comfortable as passengers are often congested into the vehicle with luggage and even livestock.

On the upside, highly skilled foreigners will find that salaries often exceed those in their home countries for the same work, and that companies often view Ghana as a ‘hardship posting’ which brings additional financial benefits.

Cost of living in Ghana

Although far cheaper than major European or North American expat destinations, the cost of living in Ghana may be higher than what expats may expect in a West African country. The high cost of living in Ghana is largely driven by accommodation, health insurance, and transport expenses. 

Water and electricity in Ghana are not reliable, so expats may have to budget for generators and water storage tanks. These extra utilities are additional costs on top of the price of accommodation, which is in short supply and therefore expensive.

Healthcare in Ghana is of variable quality, and private health insurance is a must, adding another expense to the monthly budget, although some expats will have this taken care of by their employer.

Most expats will need a vehicle and a driver to get around in Ghana, as the road infrastructure in the country is underdeveloped and local driving is erratic. Those who do not have this benefit included as part of their employment package will need to budget for it separately. 

Families and children in Ghana

Schooling in Ghana can be a concern, and expats should do their best to ensure that their sponsoring company provides an education allowance to cover the high fees. There are some excellent private international schools in Accra and other large cities, but enrolment is limited and tuition expensive.

While entertainment in Ghana can be challenging to find, particularly outside of Accra, parents can make great use of Ghana’s natural bounties. Lush forests, rushing waterfalls, vast lakes and flawless beaches are all fantastic for a day out in the sun.

Climate in Ghana

Sunshine is plentiful in Ghana, but getting used to the weather can nevertheless be a challenge, with year-round temperatures of between 77°F (25°C) and 100°F (38°C). The only noticeable distinction in seasons is precipitation, with heavy rainfall during summer, which can be a welcome break from the heat.

With many parts of the Sub-Saharan Africa region emerging as markets of the future, Ghana is proving a favourable destination for expats. In particular, the instability in neighbouring countries has propelled Ghana to the forefront as a viable alternative for families seeking an African experience in a stable, safe environment. With a bit of patience and time to get to know the local culture and customs, expats moving to Ghana should settle into Ghanaian life quite well.

Fast facts

Population: Over 33 million

Capital city: Accra (also the largest city)

Neighbouring countries: Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast to the west, Togo to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.

Geography: Ghana is a geographically diverse country encompassing plains, low hills, rivers and lakes. Lake Volta is the world’s largest artificial reservoir.

Political system: Unitary presidential constitutional republic

Main languages: English

Major religion: Christianity (roughly 71 percent) and Islam (20 percent)

Money: The Ghana Cedi (GHS), divided into 100 pesewas. The US Dollar (USD) is widely accepted in the main cities and tourist areas. Many international banks are represented in Ghana. ATMs are commonplace in the cities but are harder to find in more rural locations. Ghana is a predominantly cash-based economy, and due to the prevalence of credit card fraud, it is unwise to use cards too liberally.

Tipping: A 10-percent tip for good service is appreciated but not mandatory.

Time: GMT+0

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. ‘Type G’ flat three-pronged and ‘Type D’ rounded three-pronged plugs are standard.

International dialling code: +233

Internet domain: .gh

Emergency contacts: 112

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road in Ghana. While public transport networks do exist in Ghana, they are generally poorly developed, and traffic can be chaotic. Within cities, taxis are an inexpensive way to get around.

Settling into life in a new country comes with many challenges and opportunities, and Ghana is no exception. On top of culture shock, expats have to endure the red tape surrounding visas, finding affordable accommodation, and integrating their children into a suitable school. On the other hand, there are plenty of upsides, and life in Ghana, with the right attitude, can be quite wonderful.

Here is a list of some pros and cons of moving to Ghana.

Culture in Ghana

+ PRO: Friendly people

Ghanaians are warm and friendly. They are happy to help and like to get to know each other, socialising before getting down to business and having light-hearted chats when haggling in local markets. Expats will be happy to know they are welcome in Ghana and are encouraged to learn local customs.

- CON: Unique eating style

Standard Ghanaian cuisine involves starch alongside a stew or soup. Meals are often eaten from a communal dish, with the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand being used to pick up food. This eating style can be a bit of a culture shock for those unused to eating with their hands.

Safety in Ghana

+ PRO: Fairly safe

Expats need not be anxious about their safety living in Ghana. While neighbouring and nearby countries experience political unrest, Ghana remains relatively peaceful. Expats living in compounds have the luxury of security staff as an added, but not strictly necessary, measure of protection.

- CON: Be aware of pickpocketing and scams

While safety is not a major issue, opportunistic petty crime does occur in Ghana. Expats should be aware that they may be targeted if they appear to be a new arrival, unaware of customs, confused in their new environment, and not paying attention to their belongings. Remain vigilant and take common-sense precautions like not walking alone at night and keeping valuable items out of sight.

Getting around in Ghana

+ PRO: Excitement in travelling by tro-tro

Of course, travelling by tro-tro is both a pro and a con. These minibus taxis are a cheap way to whizz around town and can be lots of fun for foreigners looking to get familiar with the local way of life and experience some excitement; on the other hand, expats should take note that road rules are hardly obeyed, which means taking a tro-tro is not always the safest option. Taxis and ride-hailing services are a safer alternative.

- CON: Hectic traffic congestion

Being stuck in traffic is nothing new in Ghana’s major cities like Accra. Rush hour sees gridlock traffic jams stressing out drivers and impacting their arrival times to and from work and school. Poorly designed roads and high car ownership numbers contribute to this, although there are plans to improve existing road networks.

Visas for Ghana

+ PRO: Expat businesses organise visas

Fortunately, foreigners moving to Ghana with secured employment will likely receive much support from their employing company. Companies must process work permits themselves and can help with visas and residence permits to get their expat employees settled.

- CON: Complicated, time-consuming procedures

Expats will face many bureaucratic procedures in Ghana when applying for visas, work permits and residence permits. Different governmental institutions need to be contacted, going through various departments. Patience is vital, and expats should consult their embassy for advice.

Accommodation in Ghana

+ PRO: Various housing options

Expats moving with families can find large homes with gardens, while young and single expats might enjoy renting a luxury apartment. The expat housing stock is indeed in short supply and high demand, but expat companies often extend their support to accommodating employees in high-quality housing with air-conditioning.

- CON: Landlords expect heavy rent advancements

Oftentimes, securing a lease for accommodation is dependent on paying several months’ rent in advance – and although contrary to legislation, this could even extend to two years’ worth of rent. By law, the maximum amount to be paid in advance is six months’ rent, but this isn’t always adhered to in reality.

Cost of living in Ghana

+ PRO: Employment packages are negotiable

Despite high costs, many employment contracts can be negotiated in favour of the expat employee. This can include accommodation, tuition fees, insurance, and visa and travel expenses. It’s important to discuss these matters with the employer when securing a job in Ghana.

- CON: Costs may be higher than expected

Plush accommodation and quality education typically come with heavy fees. The accommodation that meets Western standards is expensive, especially in Accra, and prices are often set based on the US dollar and then converted into Ghanaian cedi, which may fluctuate. International schools with high tuition fees also contribute to the cost of living in Ghana.

Education and schools in Ghana

+ PRO: Fantastic international schools

Expat children from America, Canada, France, Germany and the UK will have few issues settling in because of the range of quality international schools to choose from. Those with a certain religious background or preference for Montessori education will also have their needs met, especially in large cities such as Accra.

- CON: Limited support for children with special needs

Despite Ghana’s Inclusive Education Policy, public schools provide limited help for children with disabilities and special needs. International private schools are more likely to provide inclusive education, but these schools should be contacted directly to determine the support level available.

Working in Ghana

+ PRO: Business language is English

Although there are many languages spoken in Ghana, English is the official language and is spoken in business settings. This eases culture shock and language barriers for many English-speaking expats.

- CON: Work opportunities for expats are limited

Work opportunities for expats are limited because they are primarily quota-based. Companies must apply for a work permit to employ foreign workers, and this is dependent on their capital investments in Ghana. Other options are available, such as possibilities for company transfers to branches in Ghana or even starting up a new business. 

Healthcare in Ghana

- CON: Health concerns like malaria are serious

Mosquito-related illnesses such as malaria and yellow fever have been significant issues in Ghana. Mosquito repellent, mosquito nets and preventive medications are necessary considerations, and expats should be well-informed about the diseases and which hospitals provide quality healthcare.

+ PRO: Private health insurance is beneficial

Expats should organise private health insurance, and although this can be costly, many expat companies include this as part of their employment package. Health insurance can cover various health issues, treatment in higher-quality private medical facilities, and evacuation and repatriation in emergencies.

Expats moving to Ghana will find that financial matters in this West African destination aren't as overly complicated as one might initially expect. Managing banking, money and taxes in Ghana is effortless once new arrivals have opened an account, and tax laws are straightforward.

Moreover, Ghana's economic landscape is burgeoning with opportunities, especially in sectors like oil and gas, telecommunications and real estate, which attract a considerable number of expats. The country's financial system is fairly modernised with a stable banking sector, making financial transitions for expats smoother. Ghana also boasts a reasonable cost of living compared to many Western countries, allowing expats to maintain a comfortable lifestyle.

Money in Ghana

The Ghanaian currency is the Cedi (GHS), divided into 100 pesewas (Gp).

• Notes: 1 GHS, 2 GHS, 5 GHS, 10 GHS, 20 GHS, 50 GHS, 100 GHS and 200 GHS
• Coins: 1Gp, 5Gp, 10Gp, 20Gp, 50Gp, 1 GHS and 2 GHS

Banking in Ghana

All banks in Ghana do business in English, the country's official language. Barclays Bank, Standard Chartered and Stanbic are all international banks that are represented in Ghana and are recommended for expats. Internet, telephone and cellphone banking are also available as banks strive to compete locally and internationally and provide support and services online.

Banking hours in Ghana are Monday to Friday from 8.30am to 4.30 or 5pm, although some banks close earlier on Fridays and others are open on Saturday till noon.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account is the best way to access and deal with money in Ghana. To open a bank account in Ghana, most establishments require that expats show their passports as identification. Necessary documents vary across banks, but will likely include:

• Passport or other valid identification
• Proof of address (utility bill or rental agreement)
• Work permit and residence permit
• Two passport-sized photos

Some may require expats to submit a letter of introduction from a bank in their home country, a reference from their employer in Ghana, and proof of residence.

Credit cards and ATMs

ATMs are readily available in Ghanaian cities, and most international credit cards are accepted at these machines. Credit card penetration in Ghana is low, with less than 1 percent of the population owning one, debit cards are used more widely.

Ghana is a predominantly cash-based society, and the prevalence of credit card fraud makes it unwise to use cards too liberally. Credit card and ATM facilities are also quite rare in rural areas of Ghana, and some retailers only accept cash to avoid vendor charges, so it's wise to always carry some cash.

Taxes in Ghana

Foreigners living in Ghana for 183 days or more over 12 months are considered residents of the country and must pay taxes based on their worldwide income. Taxes in Ghana are charged on a graduated scale, while non-residents are charged a flat rate on their income derived from within the country.

Ghana has double-taxation agreements with several other countries, including South Africa, Italy and the United Kingdom. In such cases, expats may be entitled to relief from double taxation on income, generally including salary, dividends, interest, royalties and capital gains.

Expats should refer to the Ghana Revenue Authority website and consult a financial adviser and tax specialist to ensure they fully understand taxes in Ghana.

Useful links

• For more on taxes, visit the Ghana Revenue Authority website

Most new arrivals in Ghana will be pleasantly surprised by the locals’ helpfulness and warmth, but the degree of culture shock in Ghana may be much more intense for those who have never been to Africa prior to the move.

Many foreigners find the stark differences overwhelming and respond by isolating themselves in small enclaves of expat 'safety'. Though these insular spheres can be comfortable, it often means missing out on all that Ghanaian culture has to offer.

Ghana’s capital, Accra, is a modern city with shopping malls, movie theatres and restaurants catering to various tastes and budgets. On the other hand, the smaller cities and villages are much more traditional and culture shock may be more severe for expats living in rural areas.

Meeting and greeting in Ghana

Ghanaians are generally open and friendly, and it is common for locals to strike up a conversation with foreigners who have recently arrived in the country. They are incredibly hospitable, and expats should take the opportunity to visit acquaintances and colleagues in their homes whenever possible. Ghanaians also appreciate conversations about themselves and their family, and this comes across in business settings, where getting to know one another is valued.

Shaking hands is a common way of greeting. Elders are respected in Ghanaian culture, and when greeting people, especially those who are older, appropriate titles such as Sir or Madam should be used.

Traditional food and cuisine in Ghana

Ghanaians love local traditional food. The cuisine is quite different from what many expats are used to, especially if they have not been to Africa before, and some dishes are an acquired taste. Most meals include a main staple alongside a meat stew or soup accompaniment.

The national dish is fufu, a pounded ball of cassava and yam dough placed in a large bowl of soup. Utensils are not typically used, and sharing one bowl between friends and family is common. Eat only with the right hand, using the thumb and first two fingers to scoop up food.

Languages in Ghana

Although there are more than 30 local languages, English is Ghana’s official language, meaning expats fluent in English are unlikely to experience significant language barriers. That said, while English is widely spoken in the cities, some rural areas might see people only speak their tribal language.

With its various dialects, Akan is the most widely spoken local language, and many phrases are quite easy to learn. Expats who do take the time to learn some of these phrases will find that the locals’ appreciative responses make it well worth the effort.

Shopping and bargaining in Ghana

Bargaining is a cultural institution in Ghana, and the social meaning of bargaining is as essential as the financial benefits. Expats will surely enjoy mastering the art of haggling, negotiation and the associated banter, particularly when shopping in local markets or hailing a taxi.

The seller announces a price. The buyer then responds with a remark about how expensive that is and offers a counter amount, usually less than half the original fee. Expats should be friendly and smile, engaging in banter and a chat. Bargaining then ensues until a price somewhere between the two is agreed.

Attitude towards LGBTQ+ community in Ghana

For expats in the LGBTQ+ community, the cultural milieu of Ghana may pose a significant challenge due to the conservative stance towards LGBTQ+ rights and identities. As of 2023, homosexuality is illegal in Ghana, making the country's societal and legal frameworks unwelcoming towards LGBTQ+ individuals. It’s prudent for LGBT expats to be informed about the local laws and societal norms, exercising a degree of caution in both personal and professional interactions to navigate the cultural landscape safely.

Engaging with international or expat-focused organisations and online platforms may also provide a buffer against potential discrimination, creating a support network that can offer advice, camaraderie and a sense of belonging.

Expats working in Ghana will find a country that abounds with natural resources, from gold and bauxite to cocoa and offshore oil reserves. It has a much higher per capita output compared to the poorest countries in West Africa, but Ghana remains dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Still, Ghana has a fast-growing economy, competing and engaging in international markets.

The service and manufacturing sectors largely contribute to Ghana’s GDP, while agriculture remains the primary source of income for many Ghanaians.

Many people relocating to Ghana move to volunteer for a short period rather than work. Those with the right skills and expertise, though, will enjoy Ghana's bright longer-term work climate.

Job market in Ghana

While the prospect of farming is unlikely to tempt foreigners to leave their homes and work in Ghana, there are countless private-sector opportunities in the mining, oil, gas and shipping industries, as well as construction, trade and finance. There is also substantial diplomatic representation in Ghana given the relative peace and stability in the country, and foreign diplomats are likely to find a place in this sector.

Ghana’s large service sector is a driving force behind its economy. Tourism is a vital industry thanks to the country’s political stability. This has created a high level of safety and a positive perception of the country among tourists, and as a result, there are many secure jobs in hospitality and tourism.

Finding a job in Ghana

For expats fluent in English, language barriers are unlikely to be problematic when looking to find a job in Ghana. Those with suitable qualifications, experience and personal referrals will likely succeed in the job market.

Work permits are essential and are generally organised by and limited to the company that arranges for the expat’s employment, though new arrivals can seek guidance from their respective embassies. Several institutions issue work permits, including Ghana Immigration Services (GIS), Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) and the Ministry of the Interior (MOI). Generally, companies are given a work permit quota based on the amount of money invested in Ghana.

Considering this, most foreigners find work before arriving in Ghana either through companies they’ve worked for previously or through international job listings. Online job portals such as LinkedIn are excellent for finding employment in Ghana. Networking with contacts in Ghana or other expats already working there can also lead to opportunities.

Useful links

• Ghana Immigration Services (GIS)
• Ministry of the Interior (MOI)
• LinkedIn Job Search

Work culture in Ghana

English is Ghana’s official language, and it is used in the corporate environment. Work culture in Ghana is often a blend of formal and communal attitudes. Respect for hierarchy and seniority is a cornerstone of the corporate culture. 

There is also a strong emphasis on community and interpersonal relationships, making the work atmosphere friendly and inclusive. Expats working in Ghana will also have to get used to the fact that time and plans are fluid. Those from Western countries where schedules are strictly adhered to may initially find this frustrating, but it's essential to make time for delays. 

Understanding and adapting to the local communication style can significantly benefit expats. Although English is widely used, picking up some basic phrases in the local languages can be appreciated. It’s also vital to observe and understand the indirect communication style to navigate the business environment successfully. Building good relationships with colleagues and being respectful towards cultural nuances will go a long way in establishing a fruitful career in Ghana.

New arrivals don’t need to be overly concerned with safety and security in Ghana. Violent crime rates are relatively low, and petty crime can often be avoided by simply being vigilant.

Ghana is relatively safe compared to nearby African countries, and as long as new arrivals familiarise themselves with relevant issues and take the necessary safety precautions, they should enjoy a safe stay.

Crime in Ghana

Despite Ghana’s reputation as a generally safe country, the country has seen an increase in pickpocketing and residential and vehicle burglary.

Due to their relative visibility and perceived wealth, foreigners will find themselves targeted more frequently than locals. Awareness of one’s surroundings is essential, especially in crowded marketplaces and when withdrawing cash from ATMs. Walking at night should be avoided where possible.

Ghanaians are renowned for being friendly and helpful toward foreigners, but it is best to keep overly friendly strangers at arm’s length, as petty crime and scams are increasingly common. Pickpocketing and opportunistic crime are a concern, and there are certain risk areas where one should exercise extra care. When in a vehicle, doors should be locked and windows wound up.

Choosing safe and secure accommodation is a crucial aspect of expat life in Ghana. Gated communities and apartments with 24-hour security are popular among expats for enhanced safety. These housing options often come with additional amenities like swimming pools, gyms and proximity to international schools and healthcare facilities, making them a convenient choice for expatriates.

Driving safety in Ghana

One of the most pressing dangers in Ghana is the hazardous standard of transport infrastructure and driving behaviours. The country has a high road death toll, and it’s no secret that driving in Ghana can be a stressful experience. Many expats in Ghana hire a full-time driver, though this is a matter of personal preference, and many others prefer to navigate the roads themselves.

In an accident or emergency, gathering crowds are common and can sometimes hinder the effectiveness of emergency response. Expats should remain calm and seek help from local authorities. Having a local contact who can assist with communication is beneficial, as English might not be widely understood, especially in rural areas. This is an instance where a local driver would be helpful, as they will know how to handle the situation.

The roads are not always well-lit, and some are in a state of disrepair. Driving at night should be avoided, and those driving on main highways should stay alert in case of road difficulties.

Health and environmental hazards in Ghana

Preventative measures are crucial to maintaining one’s health in Ghana. Vaccinations for yellow fever, hepatitis A and B and typhoid are recommended. Malaria is endemic, and anti-malarial prophylaxis and mosquito avoidance measures are essential. 

Waterborne diseases are also a concern; drinking bottled or boiled water and avoiding ice in beverages is advisable. Maintaining a good personal hygiene routine and being cautious with food choices, especially street food, can further prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.

Ghana is also susceptible to certain environmental hazards. Seasonal flooding is common during the rainy seasons, particularly in low-lying areas and urban centres with poor drainage systems. It’s advisable to be aware of the weather forecasts during these periods and to heed official safety measures to protect oneself.

Bushfires are also common during the dry Harmattan season due to the dry and windy conditions. These fires can cause damage to property and agriculture and can also result in road visibility issues due to smoke. It’s essential to adhere to fire safety practices, especially in rural and farming areas, to mitigate the risk of bushfires.

LGBT rights and attitudes in Ghana

Ghana has a conservative social outlook, and the legal framework concerning LGBTQ+ rights reflects this conservatism. The criminalisation of homosexual acts under Ghanaian law has led to a society where discrimination and prejudice against LGBTQ+ individuals persist. Expats belonging to the LGBTQ+ community should be aware of the legal and social landscape concerning LGBTQ+ rights, exercising caution in public and private spaces.

Community attitudes towards LGBTQ+ individuals can be less than tolerant, with societal norms heavily influenced by traditional and religious beliefs. While the urban centres might exhibit a slightly more liberal attitude, the rural areas are generally more conservative.

When it comes to education and schools in Ghana, most expats find the national curriculum to be limited, teaching methods outdated and the standard of facilities lower than what they might be used to back home. For these reasons, expats tend to bypass public schooling options in Ghana and instead send their children to an international school.

Public schools in Ghana

School is compulsory and free for children aged between 4 and 15, and free for senior secondary as well. Pre-tertiary school is divided into four phases:

• Preschool: ages 3 to 6
• Primary school: ages 6 to 12
• Junior secondary school: ages 12 to 15
• Senior secondary school: ages 15 to 18

As the language of instruction in Ghana's public schools is English, expat children with an English-speaking background are unlikely to face a language barrier.

The teaching focus in Ghanaian public schools is often on learning by memorisation and repetition. Although this can be effective for younger children, most expats will find the lack of focus on individual thinking and problem-solving somewhat limiting. Resources in public schooling are limited and may not meet the standards that new arrivals might expect.

Private schools in Ghana

Private schools in Ghana receive both governmental and private funds. There are public-private partnerships with international organisations, private institutions and individuals, and churches and NGOs contributing to funding, infrastructure maintenance, furniture and technical assistance. Communities and parents participate, paying tuition fees and organising food and transport for their children.

These schools tend to offer the same national curriculum but at a slightly higher standard because of the additional funding and support. There are also private international schools that offer either curricula from other countries or international curricula like the International Baccalaureate (IB).

International schools in Ghana

Due to the large expat community in Accra, the city has a range of private bilingual international schools with international accreditation. Most of these schools teach the American, British (English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels) or International Baccalaureate curricula, and there are also Canadian, French and German schools. They can provide excellent opportunities for further study and career development.

Some schools are rooted in religion with a Christian-based academic environment, and there are also opportunities for Montessori education.

For their prestigious curricula, well-maintained campuses and expanded offering of extracurriculars, international schools charge hefty fees, and expats should take care to negotiate tuition allowances in their employment contracts or to negotiate their salaries accordingly.

Though fees are high, international schools ease the transition for expat children, allowing them to make friends with students from various cultures and nationalities but in similar situations to theirs, allowing a diverse environment to grow up in. Similarly, this provides opportunities for parents of comparable circumstances to expand their network.

For families in larger cities such as Accra and Kumasi, finding an international school is unlikely to be a problem. Those based further from these cities may need to settle for a boarding school option or homeschooling.

See International Schools in Ghana for more information on this option.

Special-needs education in Ghana

Ghana's Inclusive Education Policy envisions a path for all children to receive a fully supportive and inclusive educational experience. The government, private sector and NGOs are working towards inclusive education and providing teachers with assistive devices and training opportunities.

Despite the push for mainstream education, many children with special needs are placed in segregated special schools, but parents may prefer more inclusive options. Most often, these can be found in private schooling. International schools may provide varying levels of support for children with disabilities, and expats should get in contact for specific information.

Useful links

• For more on special-needs education in Ghana, expats can visit the Special Education Division's website. 

Homeschooling in Ghana

The law on homeschooling in Ghana is not explicit, but it is by and large considered legal, with a small but growing number of families opting for this. Expat parents may find homeschooling an ideal alternative to lower-quality public schools and extremely pricey international schools.

Numerous associations and parent groups can be found in Ghana. Parents should ideally connect with these networks to make use of resources and first-hand advice.

Tutors in Ghana

For parents who require extra tuition for their children, there is no shortage of tutors in Ghana. There are many private tutoring companies, especially in and around large cities. Schools can often suggest good tutors in the area, but tutor companies can be found with a quick look on a search engine, through social media or by word of mouth.

Tutoring can be centre- or home-based and can help students who struggle with particular subjects, build self-confidence or just assist in maintaining focus, and it can be a great benefit close to exam time. Tutors can also help expat children pick up a new language faster or to maintain their mother tongue.

Useful links

• Superprof Ghana is an online platform that connects tutors in a variety of subjects to students. It has a presence in many countries, including Ghana.
• Chegg Tutors is a renowned global platform offering online tutoring services in a wide range of subjects and can be accessed by students from Ghana as well.
• Tutor.com is another well-known tutoring service that offers online tutoring across various subjects. They have experienced tutors to help students at different academic levels.

Ghanaian embassies

• Ghana High Commission, London, United Kingdom (also serves the Republic of Ireland): +44 207 201 5991
• Embassy of Ghana, Washington, DC, United States: +1 202 686 4520
• Ghana High Commission, Toronto, Canada: +1 365 608 5007
• Ghana High Commission, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6290 2110
• Ghana High Commission, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 342 5847

Foreign embassies in Ghana

• British High Commission, Accra: +233 302 21 3250
• US Embassy, Accra: +233 302 74 1000
• High Commission of Canada, Accra:  +233 302 21 1521
• Australian High Commission, Accra:+233 302 21 6400
• South African High Commission, Accra: +233 302 74 0450
• New Zealand Honorary Consulate, Accra: +233 020 082 2815
• Honorary Consul of Ireland, Accra: +233 30 251 8112

Ghana doesn't experience a vast array of seasons and has a tropical climate typified by wet summers and dry winters. Being close to the equator, Ghana enjoys minimal temperature variations but distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainy season arrives in May in the northern regions of Ghana and begins in April until July in the south. Wet weather continues until October or November.

Temperatures and humidity are generally high all year round, particularly in the coastal regions. The coolest time of year is from June to September, but even then, temperatures tend to hover around 83°F (28°C).

The hottest months are between late November and mid-March, when the dry and dusty harmattan winds blow in from the Sahara in the northeast. The harmattan lowers humidity drastically and creates hot days and cool nights. Daytime temperatures reach 95°F (35°C) and higher.

Expats will need to do some research and ensure that they have the correct visa before arriving at a Ghanaian point of entry.

Nationals of certain countries may be exempt from needing a tourist visa for Ghana, whereas others will receive one upon arrival. When it comes to moving to Ghana, most expats from outside the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) will be required to apply for work and residence permits.

Tourist visas for Ghana

Most people travelling to Ghana will need to get a tourist visa in their home country before arriving in Ghana, but nationals of certain countries can obtain a visa on arrival or can enter visa-free. Citizens of ECOWAS member states and some other African countries are exempt from entry visa requirements to Ghana, while nationals of African Union members can obtain a thirty-day visa on arrival.

Those who don’t qualify for visa-free entry or a visa on arrival must apply for an entry visa at the Ghanaian embassy or high commission in their respective country. On the application form, foreigners will be required to specify whether they need a single-entry visa or a multiple-entry visa, valid for a maximum of three months.

Anyone intending to enter Ghana on a tourist visa must provide proof of Yellow Fever vaccination. They must also ensure their passport will be valid for at least six months after their entry in Ghana, and they will need to supply proof of accommodation and return travel tickets. 

Business visas for Ghana

A business visa is essential for professionals and entrepreneurs looking to engage in business activities in Ghana. This type of visa is explicitly tailored for individuals intending to attend business meetings, seminars, conferences or explore business opportunities in the country. Typically, a business visa’s duration is shorter than a tourist visa, often valid for up to 30 days, but can be extended if necessary.

It’s crucial to note that a business visa does not grant permission to work in Ghana; for employment, one would need to apply for the necessary work permits. When applying for a business visa, applicants may require proof of the business activities they intend to undertake, including invitation letters from Ghanaian companies, conference registrations or other relevant documents.

Residence permits for Ghana

People from outside ECOWAS moving to Ghana for work will likely need a residence permit and a work permit. The residence permit application process requires many of the same documents as those needed to apply for a work permit. Once granted, residence permits are valid for between one and four years and are renewable for up to eight years in total.

Expats with a residence permit for Ghana are entitled to apply for a similar permit for their dependants, including their spouse, children under 18 and parents over 60.

Permanent residency in Ghana

Expats are eligible to apply for permanent residency in Ghana if they meet one of the following criteria:

• They are married to a Ghanaian citizen and have lived in Ghana for three or more years
• They have lived in Ghana for at least six years within the last eight years and made significant contributions to Ghana’s economy

The applicant must also have resided in Ghana throughout the twelve months immediately preceding the date of the application.

*Visa and work permit requirements are subject to change at short notice, and expats should consult their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Getting around in Ghana is quite an adventure for new arrivals. The public transport infrastructure in Ghana is relatively underdeveloped, but ongoing work is gradually improving and expanding the country’s railway network.

Driving in Ghana can be just as challenging. The quality of the road network is not on par with the standards that those from Europe or North America would be accustomed to, so expats who do choose to drive in Ghana should do so with caution.

Public transport in Ghana

Public transport in Ghana isn’t very well developed, and most people in Ghana opt to travel by bus rather than train. Although buses are more comfortable, both modes of transport can be unreliable, and delays are common. Patience and a sense of humour are essential when travelling around Ghana.

Trains

The Ghana Railway Corporation operates three train lines in Ghana which link Accra, Kumasi and Takoradi, as well as some smaller towns and villages. Trains in Ghana are slow. Travelling by train in Ghana is not particularly comfortable, and they are not the most reliable form of transport, as they can be subject to severe delays.

Buses

There are several bus companies in Ghana, but the most comprehensive bus services are provided by the Ghana State Transport Corporation (Intercity STC). Intercity STC has standard and luxury buses that operate over long distances. Other prominent bus companies include VIP and Metro Mass.

Expats should opt to travel on express or air-conditioned buses, which are faster and much more comfortable than ordinary services. It is best to purchase tickets in advance, as seats on the more popular routes fill up quickly. Passengers are charged extra for large items of luggage. The fares for bus travel in Ghana are reasonable but vary depending on the route and the bus operator.

Useful links

• For more on the country's train system, see the Ghana Railway Corporation website.
• Visit the Intercity STC to explore comprehensive bus services.
• For additional bus options, refer to the Metro Mass Transit Ltd website.

Tro-tros in Ghana

Tro-tro is the name given to a shared minibus taxi in Ghana. These minibuses run along fixed routes and charge a flat fare for any stop on a given route. Travelling by tro-tro in Ghana is the cheapest mode of transport. Despite the cost benefits, tro-tros have a questionable safety record and frequently break down. Tro-tro drivers often work long hours, which can result in risky driving behaviour.

Travelling by tro-tro is undoubtedly an experience. Passengers are squashed into the vehicle, along with large pieces of luggage and even livestock. Tro-tros do not run on any fixed schedule.

While travelling by tro-tro in Ghana is an excellent cultural experience and a great way to interact with the locals, they aren’t recommended for long journeys.

Taxis in Ghana

Taxis in Ghana are readily available in all cities. There are different types of taxis, and new arrivals in the country will benefit from familiarising themselves with what is available. There are metered taxis that charge according to distance travelled and private taxis where passengers can negotiate a price with the driver. If using any form of private taxi in Ghana, be sure to settle on a price before embarking on the journey.

Some ride-share and taxi apps have begun operating in major urban centres like Accra. Local apps include Yango, while international apps such as Uber and Bolt can also be used in Ghana. Many people prefer using these apps as it gives them more control over routes and service prices.

Useful links

• If interested in app-based taxi services, consider Yango Ride App.
• Check out Uber in Accra and Bolt in Accra for ride-sharing services.

Driving in Ghana

The standard of roads in Ghana is variable. The quality of roads on the major routes between big cities such as Accra, Kumasi and Sekondi is fairly good. However, these transition to dirt roads away from the urban centres, and driving conditions can be dangerous. Those driving at night need to be extra cautious because of poor visibility, lack of adequate street lighting, and badly potholed roads.

New arrivals in Ghana should always drive defensively, especially on highways. Be vigilant when driving close to tro-tros as they have a habit of driving erratically with little regard for other road users.

Due to unfamiliar roads and traffic culture in Ghana, many new arrivals prefer to rent a car with a driver. This may be organised by the company the expat works for, but they can privately arrange car rental too.

New arrivals to Ghana should obtain an International Driving Permit. These are usually valid for one year.

For those who intend to be in Ghana for over a year, the process of obtaining a Ghanaian driving licence is fairly straightforward and simply requires presenting a valid international driving licence along with passport photos. Expats will have to take a theoretical testing on Ghana's highway codes and also undergo physical and eye examinations. Driving licences or international driving permits must always be carried when driving.

Useful links

• To get acquainted with driving regulations, refer to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority of Ghana.

Cycling in Ghana

Cycling is a common means of travel in Ghana among the general population, especially in the north of the country. Car travel has created much pollution, is expensive, and congestion makes it time-consuming and frustrating. These are some of the reasons why cycling is preferable. That said, expats in the south, especially in Accra, may find cycling dangerous, owing to chaotic traffic, the lack of bicycle paths and poorly maintained roads in some areas.

Riding a bike may not be a preferred choice of transport for a daily commute, although it is perfectly feasible for exercise, leisure, a personal hobby, or travelling and experiencing Ghana from a different perspective.

Walking in Ghana

Many people walk in Ghana, although, for expats in large cities, this may be more out of leisure and to get a feel of the environment. When walking, there are several things that new arrivals should be aware of. Not only do some areas not have well-maintained pavements, but traffic can also be unruly, so it’s advised to walk facing oncoming traffic. Another factor to consider is the heat – walkers may get exhausted or sunburnt quickly and should always keep a bottle of water handy.

Air travel in Ghana

Flying is the fastest way to travel between the major cities in Ghana. It offers a way to quickly bridge the geographical distance between cities, with the added advantage of avoiding long hours on the country's variable roads.

Domestic airlines include Africa World Airlines, Passion Air and Gianair. Kotoka International Airport, situated in Accra, and Kumasi International Airport, in the Ashanti region, stand as the two principal air travel gateways in the country.

Useful links

• For flight options and booking, visit the websites for Africa World Airlines, Passion Air and Gianair.
• To familiarise yourself with the country's main airport, refer to the Kotoka International Airport website.

The infrastructure for healthcare in Ghana is limited. While the Ghanaian government is making progress in improving healthcare, public hospitals remain overcrowded and severely underfunded. Although ambulances may not always arrive timeously, emergency medical services in Ghana are generally of reasonable quality.

Expats living in Ghana nearly always use private facilities, which offer a considerably higher standard of treatment and more modern medical facilities. We advise that expats negotiate private health insurance coverage into their employment package or purchase a comprehensive health insurance policy before moving to Ghana.

Public healthcare in Ghana

Public hospitals in Ghana are generally funded by the government, while religious groups also play a fundamental role in providing the Ghanaian population with medical assistance. Many new arrivals find that the quality of public hospitals and clinics in Ghanaian cities is inadequate compared to medical facilities in Western countries.

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), Ghana’s universal healthcare system for all residents, dramatically improved the health situation in the country. The NHIS provides coverage for a limited scope of health issues, primarily insuring patients for treatment against the most prevalent diseases, such as malaria. It eliminated the need for Ghanaian citizens to pay for their treatment upfront and increased the accessibility of healthcare for Ghana’s poorest. While expats can access the services of the NHIS for a nominal fee, most prefer to be treated at a private facility by investing in a private health insurance policy.

The standard and availability of public healthcare in Ghana vary. The healthcare system in Ghana has five levels of providers, ranging from health posts in rural areas to tertiary hospitals. In major urban centres, such as Accra, there are numerous hospitals, clinics and 24-hour pharmacies, while most rural areas are isolated and lack modern healthcare facilities. In these areas, locals usually choose traditional African treatments over travelling long distances to access healthcare.

Private healthcare in Ghana

Most expats living in Ghana use private healthcare facilities. Private hospitals in Ghana generally provide a better standard of treatment and boast more modern equipment than public hospitals.

The standard of facilities at private hospitals in Ghana varies, but those in areas with big expat communities are well-equipped and comfortable. The waiting times are much shorter at private clinics in Ghana, and new arrivals will find that doctors and medical staff speak English fluently.

Because insurance and private healthcare are necessary, this must be taken into account when considering the cost of living in Ghana.

Health insurance in Ghana

Expats moving to Ghana should ensure that they have taken out private health insurance coverage before starting life in the country, as this covers a wide range of health issues and treatments in private medical facilities in Ghana. In some cases, health insurance is provided by the employer as part of an employment package.

There are private health insurance companies that operate solely in Ghana, though using an international health insurance provider may be better suited to expats, especially if they travel outside Ghana frequently.

Expats should also consider policies that include medical evacuation and repatriation services. These will provide adequate cover should they need to be transported to another country or back home for treatment.

Pharmacies in Ghana

Pharmacies can easily be found in any major town or city in Ghana, some of which are open 24 hours a day. Expats should, however, take note that only certain pharmacies in Ghana are licensed to dispense prescription drugs.

There are serious concerns about some pharmacies in Ghana selling fake drugs and substandard medication, and expats are advised to purchase medication from a pharmacy attached to a reputable medical facility and to check that any medication they take has been approved by the Ghanaian Pharmacy Council.

Expats suffering from chronic ailments that require prescription medication should try to bring a supply of the medication with them to Ghana, as well as copies of the prescription and generic names of the drugs.

Health hazards in Ghana

Malaria is a serious health concern in Ghana, and new arrivals in Ghana should take a course of anti-malarial medication. They should speak to their GP about this before leaving their home country. As malaria is transferred via mosquito bites, expats should take precautions such as using mosquito repellents and sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets.

Expats should also be aware that food and water in Ghana can trigger illnesses. It’s advised to avoid drinking tap water and having ice cubes in drinks, instead buying bottled water or boiling and filtering tap water before drinking it.

Pre-travel restrictions and vaccinations for Ghana

Before jetting off to Ghana, it's wise for expats to be informed on the essential pre-travel restrictions and jabs. The Ghanaian government requires all travellers to have a Yellow Fever vaccination, and new arrivals will need to show proof of this when entering the country.

The CDC generally recommends travellers get immunised against hepatitis A and B, meningitis, typhoid and rabies. It's wise to have malaria prophylaxis on hand to fend off the common bugs in the area. On top of these, keeping up with the routine vaccines like measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), polio and the yearly flu jab is key.

Beyond the jabs, it's smart to keep an eye on any travel advisories on the radar. Expats should touch base with their embassies or consulates in Ghana to catch the latest travel advisories.

Emergency services in Ghana

The standard of emergency medical services in Ghana is relatively low in most places, especially outside of major cities, where they are almost non-existent. The ambulance service in Ghana saw a significant improvement in 2020 with the acquisition of new ambulances and staff, which has made somewhat of an impact on emergency services.

Most hospitals in Ghana, even private healthcare facilities, only have a few ambulances available, and waiting times can be prolonged. In some cases, it may be faster for patients to make their way to a hospital by car or taxi.

Alternatively, some expats rely on private companies that provide emergency services such as medical evacuation as well as private ambulances and clinics. 

In an emergency, expats can dial 193 for an ambulance, 194 for the fire department and 191 for the police.

New arrivals to Ghana should make finding suitable accommodation their first priority, as it will play a significant role in deciding the quality of life in their new country.

For those moving to Ghana to work for a national embassy, a large multinational corporation or an international development agency, accommodation is often provided as part of their employment package. On the other hand, independent workers, entrepreneurs, university researchers and volunteers are typically faced with the daunting task of finding safe, affordable housing for themselves in an unfamiliar country where suitable accommodation is in short supply.

Expats living in Ghana’s major cities, such as Accra, Kumasi and Takoradi, should expect to pay more than those living in rural areas.

Types of accommodation in Ghana

Accommodation in Ghana might not be overly abundant. Still, those moving to Ghana will find various housing options available to them, from extensive family homes with gardens to luxury apartments in modern complexes.

While the standard of housing is decent, the cost of utilities to meet Western standards can be high, pushing the cost of living. Due to electricity cuts and water shortages, one should invest in a generator, power inverters and a water tank or find a property with an existing borehole. Air-conditioning is another essential factor to consider for Ghana’s climate.

Furnished or unfurnished

Many foreigners moving to Ghana only work on short-term contracts, so fully furnished accommodation tends to be the most popular. Apartments often come furnished in Ghana, but houses are usually semi-furnished or unfurnished – fortunately, furniture can be sourced easily and cheaply through local suppliers. Most expats do not remain in Ghana for more than a few years, so having goods shipped from home may not make much sense.

Short lets

Short-term leases are ideal for those not looking to commit to a long-term lease. These are typically available for periods ranging from a few days to several months. They are especially popular among tourists, business travellers and expats on brief assignments. These accommodations often come fully furnished, with utilities included in the rent, offering a hassle-free stay.

Airbnb and meQasa are popular options for short-term rentals in Ghana.

Finding accommodation in Ghana

There are various ways to find rental properties in Ghana. Those searching for homes on their own should consider using the services of a real-estate agent. These professionals will have a better understanding of the property market in Ghana and can help foreigners find properties that may not be listed publicly. Relocation companies can also aid in searching for accommodation while offering additional assistance with other aspects of the move, such as obtaining a visa and shipping goods.

Networking can also be a valuable tool in the housing search process. Expats with friends or acquaintances in Ghana can tap into their knowledge and connections. Joining expat groups or forums online can also provide insights and recommendations from those who have been through the process before.

Otherwise, new arrivals may also find homes through property listings in local newspapers and online property portals.

Useful links

• Explore properties on meQasa, one of Ghana’s leading online property portals.
• Discover various housing options on Prophunt, a user-friendly real estate platform in Ghana.
• Consider ExpatGH Relocation Services for assistance in moving to Ghana and finding accommodation.

Renting accommodation in Ghana

Once suitable accommodation has been found, potential tenants should ensure they fully understand the lease agreement and the complexities of deposits and utilities.

Rental law in Ghana does little to protect tenants, so foreigners should take care not to be exploited. Landlords have been known to inflate rent and adjust the lease agreement in their favour when renting to expats. It’s advised to sign a detailed inventory of furniture and equipment and take note of the general condition of rooms and features.

Rental process

Initiating the rental process in Ghana typically starts with viewing properties. Once a suitable property is identified, negotiations on the rent and terms begin. After both parties agree, a lease agreement is drafted detailing the terms and conditions of the rental. It’s crucial to review this document thoroughly and, if possible, have it vetted by a local lawyer.

Upon signing the lease, the agreed-upon advance payment is made, and the keys are handed over. It’s also a good practice to document the property’s condition at the time of moving in to avoid disputes during the lease termination.

Leases

What may shock foreign tenants are the unusual lease agreements. Often, six months’ rent is expected in advance to secure a lease. This is likely to be impossible for many people, especially given the high rental costs in the first place. Those who can afford it may prefer this option, giving the rent upfront to ensure the payment is secure.

Some Ghanaian landlords may expect a whole year or even up to three years’ rent in advance despite contradictory legislation that states that six months is the maximum permitted by law.

Lease duration often depends on the advance payment and tends to be two to five years, allowing for negotiable renewal. Despite the trend of requiring upfront annual rent payments, many furnished apartments and short-term leases, especially those aimed at foreigners, require monthly payments.

Deposits

Due to the considerable rent advancements, many Ghanaian landlords might not expect a security deposit, although some may require an amount equal to half a month’s rent. Landlords are known to delay repaying deposit money, especially in early lease terminations, so expats should be aware of this possibility before signing the lease and research the legal routes to follow if this does happen.

Terminating the lease

Tenants who wish to terminate the lease early typically require three months’ notice. Terminating a lease agreement in Ghana can be straightforward if both parties agree. If there are disputes, it’s essential to refer to the lease document and adhere to the stipulated terms. In cases where the landlord is uncooperative, seeking legal counsel might be necessary. It’s also advisable to maintain open communication with the landlord throughout the stay to foster a good relationship.

Utilities in Ghana

In addition to the often high cost of rent, expats also need to consider the cost of utilities and maintenance. For those living in apartment complexes, most utilities will be taken care of by the building management, and for this reason, most new arrivals opt to live in such complexes instead of renting a standalone house.

While water is often included in the rent, most buildings have separate electricity meters, so electricity, mainly prepaid, is an additional cost. Where parking is available, the parking space is usually free or inclusive.

Electricity

Electricity in Ghana is primarily generated from hydro and thermal sources. Expats should be aware of occasional power outages, which can be mitigated with backup generators or inverters. Prepaid electricity meters are standard, requiring users to purchase credits in advance.

It’s essential to monitor usage to avoid running out of credits unexpectedly. Bills for postpaid meters are usually sent monthly, and prompt payment is advised to prevent disconnections.

Gas

Most households in Ghana use bottled gas for cooking. These gas cylinders can be purchased and refilled at designated stations. It’s crucial to ensure that gas installations are safe and regularly checked for leaks to prevent accidents.

Some modern apartment complexes might have piped gas, which is billed monthly based on consumption. It’s essential to be aware of the safety protocols associated with gas usage.

Water

While tap water in major cities is generally safe for consumption, boiling or filtering it before drinking is advisable. Relying on boreholes or wells might be necessary in some areas, especially rural ones. It’s essential to store backup water for times when there are shortages.

Water bills are typically sent monthly, and timely payment ensures uninterrupted service. Water costs might be included in the rent or service charges in properties with shared facilities.

Rubbish and recycling

Waste disposal services vary across regions in Ghana. In urban areas, regular rubbish collection is provided by municipal or private companies. Households are expected to dispose of their waste in designated bins or collection points.

Recycling is not widespread, but there are initiatives in place in some areas. Expats can contribute to environmental conservation by reducing waste and participating in local recycling programmes where available.

Internet and mobile

Telecommunication services in Ghana are reliable, with several major providers offering mobile, internet and landline services. Internet speeds are decent in urban areas but might be slower in rural regions. Expats can choose from various packages based on their needs and budget.

International calling and roaming services are available, but using local SIM cards and internet-based calling apps for international communication is often more cost-effective.

Useful links

• For electricity services, the leading supplier is the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG).
• Ghana Gas and XpressGas are two well-known national consumer gas providers.
• The primary provider of urban water supply is the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL).
• Check out the services of MTN Ghana, Vodafone Ghana, AirtelTigo and Glo for mobile and internet services.

Doing business in Ghana may not be the most popular option for expats, but entrepreneurs are attracted to the country for its natural resources, industrious and well-educated workforce, as well as the fact that English is the language of the Ghanaian business world.

For new arrivals interested in starting a business, there is much research to be done, and expats will need to take the necessary steps to understand the inner workings of Ghanaian business culture and business etiquette to avoid culture shock.

Fast facts

Business language

Business hours

Although this varies, business hours in Ghana are usually Monday to Friday, from 8am to 6.30pm.

Greetings

Handshakes are the norm in professional settings. Expats should always address people using their titles unless told otherwise, such as Madam and Sir or Mrs and Mr.

Dress

Dressing formally is generally appropriate in most corporate environments. Businesswomen often wear modest suits with skirts or trousers, while businessmen wear suits and ties.

Gifts

While gifts are not necessary, they are generally welcome. Gifts need not be expensive, as the thought is more important than the item’s value. Gifts should be given using either the right hand or both hands.

Gender equality

Women are gradually gaining more equality in the workplace, but female representation at senior management levels remains pretty low.

Business culture in Ghana

Ghana’s business environment is underpinned by impressive economic growth and steady innovation in the business sector. The work environment is a unique blend of formality and traditional Ghanaian culture. As such, respecting hierarchy and maintaining relationships with colleagues is vital to succeeding in business in the country.

Hierarchy

Ghanaian business culture is hierarchical, and people gain respect due to age, experience, wealth and their position within a company. Older people are considered wise, and not addressing seniors appropriately is considered disrespectful in Ghanaian business circles.

Addressing colleagues

Professional and academic titles are valued in Ghana, so if a business contact has credentials, expats are advised to address them accordingly. Expats should wait to be invited to refer to their colleagues using their first names before doing so. While older people generally prefer to be addressed formally, the younger generations speak to one another more casually.

Flexible timekeeping

The concept of timekeeping in Ghana is far more flexible than in Western business culture, and punctuality isn’t overly important. Expats should leave a time buffer between meetings to accommodate for meetings that start or run late.

Networking and small talk

Ghanaians appreciate business associates who take the time to inquire about their health and family before beginning formal business proceedings. It’s considered rude to rush initial greetings and move straight onto business. ­­­­­­­

Initial business meetings in Ghana are about business associates getting to know one another and determining whether a future business relationship is likely to work on a personal level. Expats should expect to spend a fair amount of time on relationship and rapport building, and they shouldn’t be surprised if no actual business matters are discussed in the first meeting.

Communication style

Expats doing business in Ghana may find that the communication style among local business people is somewhat indirect. People take care not to touch on topics that could cause tension. Ghanaians generally avoid rejecting an invitation from a business associate, and expats are advised to accept all invitations if possible.

Dos and don’ts of business in Ghana

• Do address seniors and those with academic or professional titles in the appropriate manner. Hierarchy is an integral part of Ghanaian business culture.
• Do leave a time buffer between meetings. The concept of time is flexible in Ghana, and meetings tend to overrun.
• Don’t expect to get down to business at the first meeting. Ghanaian people enjoy getting to know their colleagues personally before beginning any formal business proceedings.
• Don’t use the left hand when offering gifts to a business associate or when receiving them.
• Don’t embarrass a business contact at a meeting. Ghanaians value the concept of ‘maintaining face’ and will try to avoid uncomfortable situations.

*Public holidays that fall over a weekend are observed the following Monday.