The Hungarian economy has opened substantially since the country joined the European Union in 2004. Hungary transitioned from a socialist economy to a market economy in the early 1990s. This meant that many smaller companies were privatised while larger foreign-owned companies opened offices in Hungary, thus promoting more opportunities for expats seeking work in Hungary. This still rings true today.

Job market in Hungary

Hungary’s unemployment rate has decreased in recent years, indicating an improvement in the country’s job market. Despite the global economic conditions, Hungary’s economy remains fairly stable and commercial opportunities abound.

As the largest electronics producer in Central and Eastern Europe, Hungary has plenty to offer for expats in electronics manufacturing and research in particular. Other strong sectors in the country’s economy include mining, technology, telecommunications, and IT. There are also opportunities for young and inexperienced expats as English teachers.

The country is also experiencing labour shortages in the construction, healthcare, finance, and service sectors. The country offers job opportunities in both the skilled and unskilled sectors, making it possible for expats to work in Hungary.

Finding a job in Hungary

If you’re looking for a job in Hungary, you will need to be thorough in your search and use as many job-hunting methods as possible.

The internet is always a good start. Job portals and social networks such as LinkedIn are particularly beneficial. That said, jobseekers should be wary of accepting a job offer before meeting their new employer in person.

If you’re already in Hungary, perusing local newspapers’ job sections might be fruitful. Although to understand these, you will either need to be fluent in Hungarian or have someone to translate for them.

Expats may sometimes find that Hungarian companies are reluctant to employ foreigners. This is mainly because of the amount of red tape involved. In this respect, expats from EU countries and Switzerland will have a better chance of finding a job in Hungary because EU citizenship automatically grants them the right to work.

Non-EU, EEA, and Swiss expats will need a residence permit as well as a work permit to work in Hungary legally. Employers are usually responsible for gaining approval from the Labour Office and applying for the work permit.

If unable to find a Hungarian employer, you may be able to find a job with multinational corporations based in your home country and request to be transferred to Hungary instead.

Visas for Hungary 
Work Permits for Hungary

Useful links

• Állásportál
• Profession
• LinkedIn

Work culture in Hungary

The work environment in Hungary is fairly traditional, especially if you’re working for a local company. Multinational companies, on the other hand, offer environments similar to those in the USA and Western Europe. The work week is generally 40 hours, and annual leave typically amounts to 21 days.

The work culture in Hungary is largely hierarchical, with much emphasis on respect for seniors and a clear chain of command. You’ll be expected to refer to your colleagues and clients using their titles and surname until the relationship becomes more established.

Hungarians are known for deeply taking pride in their work, so it’s not uncommon to see colleagues working extra hours to perfect a product. Relationship building is also an essential part of working and doing business in Hungary, so we recommend taking the time to socialise with colleagues over coffee or lunch.

Basic knowledge of Hungarian is helpful when negotiating salaries and can put job applicants a step above the rest when applying for jobs in Hungary. Expats working for multinational companies can expect to earn more than their Hungarian counterparts.

Business Culture in Hungary

Nationals of countries that are members of the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Union (EU) may work in other member states, like Hungary, with only a passport, so no visa or work permit is necessary.

Unfortunately, expats from countries that are not members of these organisations are not as lucky and will have to deal with the paperwork required to secure a work permit in Hungary.

Applying for a work permit in Hungary

The work permit application is submitted in cooperation with the employer, who must obtain permission from the labour office to hire a foreigner. If the employer can prove that a suitable candidate cannot be found within the EU and EEA areas or Hungary, permission is granted in the form of a labour agreement.

The work permit application hinges on the labour agreement as well as a signed employment contract. Therefore, it is not possible to apply for a work permit in advance and then look for a job at a later stage. It should also be noted that if expats wish to work for a different employer, they will need to apply for a new work permit.

Expats should note that since January 2025, Hungary has significantly limited eligibility for Employment Purpose Residence Permits and Guest Worker Residence Permits. Currently, this is only for nationals who meet specific ‘readmission’ criteria and are from countries listed in a formal annexe. The list currently includes only the Philippines, Armenia, and Georgia. Fortunately, existing permits and applications submitted before 2025 are not affected by this.

Highly skilled workers can apply for an EU Blue Card or a Hungarian Card, which have different eligibility criteria and are less likely to be impacted by the restrictions.

The Hungarian work permit is usually issued within 30 to 60 days of the application’s submission, but it can take longer if the volume of applications is unusually high. The period of validity, which is two years, begins when the visa is issued.

Visa requirements can change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

You should not experience much difficulty managing your banking and taxes in Hungary, as the country offers all the financial amenities expected of a modern European state.

Money in Hungary

Although it has been a member of the EU since 2004, Hungary’s official currency is still the Hungarian Forint (HUF) rather than the Euro. An official date for changing to the Euro has yet to be set.

Historically, the forint was divided into 100 fillérs, but fillérs are not in circulation any more; today they are merely used as a quantity in accounting.

• Notes: 500 HUF, 1,000 HUF, 2,000 HUF, 5,000 HUF, 10,000 HUF, and 20,000 HUF
• Coins: 5 HUF, 10 HUF, 20 HUF, 50 HUF, 100 HUF, and 200 HUF

Banking in Hungary

Banking in Hungary is relatively simple and up to the standards that expats from other Western countries have become accustomed to. Dozens of banks operate in Hungary, and many of them are foreign-owned.

Banking hours in Hungary are from 9am to 5pm from Monday to Thursday, and on Fridays banks tend to close early, usually at 3pm or 4pm. Most banks are closed on Saturdays and Sundays.

Opening a bank account

When opening a bank account, you will be asked if you’d like to open a Forint, Euro or US Dollar account; each account has its pros and cons and varying fee structures. Minimum deposit requirements are typically the equivalent of USD 100.

Expats opening a bank account in Hungary will need to bring their passports. An address card is also sometimes required and a letter from an employing company with proof of income is also helpful, but not essential. Non-residents must also provide a residence permit or work visa. Internet banking is frequently included with most bank accounts.

Credit cards and ATMs

ATMs are widely available in Hungary, and debit and credit cards can be used in most large supermarkets and chain stores.

If you want to use a debit card, you will need to make an initial deposit. While credit cards are available, it is notoriously difficult for an expat to obtain one from a Hungarian bank. For this reason, expats generally use credit cards from their home country or an international bank, rather than ones from Hungarian banks.

Taxes in Hungary

If you’re working in Hungary and your only income is your salary, you will not be required to file tax returns, as tax is deducted from your monthly salary.

Foreign residents employed in Hungary are only required to pay tax on their income earned within Hungary. If you stay in Hungary for more than 183 days of the year, you will be classified as permanent residents and required to pay tax on your income earned in both Hungary and abroad.

Hungary has a flat income tax rate of 15 percent. Expats working in Hungary should note that the country has double taxation agreements with several countries, so they don’t pay tax in two countries. You are advised to check this with the tax office in your home country.

Working in Hungary

Useful links

• National Tax and Customs Authority

Expats moving to Hungary need not be overly concerned about safety, as the country has a relatively low crime rate. Nevertheless, instances of petty crime such as theft, pickpocketing and tourist scams do occur, especially in large cities and tourist hotspots such as Budapest.

The country also has a zero-tolerance policy toward drinking and driving, so it’s essential to ensure that you use alternative forms of transport when heading for a night out. Although rare, protests can sometimes turn violent, so it’s best to avoid them.

General safety in Hungary

Expats in Hungary should take general precautions, such as not travelling alone at night in unfamiliar areas and not leaving valuables unattended. Hungarians are friendly and generally welcoming of foreigners, but expats should nevertheless keep their wits about them and not be too trusting of strangers.

Crime in Hungary

Although Hungary is largely considered a safe country, petty crimes such as pickpocketing and bag snatching can be an issue. This is especially the case in touristy areas and on public transport. We recommend remaining vigilant and avoiding leaving your personal belongings unattended.

It’s also fairly common for valuables to be stolen from parked vehicles. Always put your bags out of sight and ensure you do not leave your valuables in your car.

Scams in Hungary

New arrivals should be wary of scams such as being overcharged by taxis, restaurants, and bars. Establishments that are involved in such activities are known to work with some taxi drivers, so you should treat any recommendations from a cab driver with caution. To avoid complications, you should ensure that the food and drink prices are clear before ordering at any restaurant.

Emergency numbers in Hungary

• Ambulance: 104
• Fire: 105
• Police: 107
• EU emergency help number: 112

Hungary is a fascinating country with its seamless blend of tradition and modernity. Expats should be able to adjust to the local culture in Hungary fairly easily. The key cultural differences you may encounter tend to be the cuisine and language.

Hungary has a unique culture and history. The population is largely homogeneous and mostly made up of native Hungarians. Of the minority groups, Roma and Germans are the largest.

Christianity is the predominant religion, but Hungary also has a significant Jewish population – Budapest is home to Europe’s largest synagogue. Hungarians are generally friendly people who enjoy socialising and sharing their country and culture with visitors.

Food in Hungary

Hungarian food is quite distinct and has particular tastes. Hungarians are well-known for their hearty meals, the most popular of which is goulash, a thick soup made with meat, vegetables, and paprika. Some expats may find the use of paprika (not hot, just spicy) difficult to stomach. Western foods are available in supermarkets and restaurants, especially in Budapest. Nonetheless, most expats will find they take to Hungarian cuisine pretty quickly.

Budapest has an incredibly popular coffee culture. Hungarians also enjoy drinking alcohol, with beer drinking being a favourite pastime. Hungarian wines have also gained prominence recently, and locals are quite proud of this.

Meeting and greeting in Hungary

Handshakes are a common way of greeting in Hungary. Eye contact is important and should be maintained during handshakes; avoiding eye contact may be interpreted as being evasive or having something to hide.

When greeting a woman, male expats should wait for her to initiate the handshake. Meanwhile, close friends may greet one another with a kiss on each cheek.

Language barrier in Hungary

Hungarian, or Magyar, is the official language in Hungary. It is spoken throughout the country and is the language used on signs and notices. Although it may help to memorise a few key phrases, Hungarian is a notoriously difficult language to learn, and expats will largely be forgiven for being unable to speak it.

English is also spoken in parts of Hungary, especially in large cities such as Budapest and popular tourist regions such as the Danube Bend and Lake Balaton. English is an essential language for doing business in Hungary, and expats working in Hungary should have no trouble communicating in a business setting.

Working in Hungary 
Doing Business in Hungary

Relationships and communication in Hungary

The Hungarian communication style is direct, and it’s not unusual for Hungarians to ask very personal questions and share intimate details about themselves. This may be something expats from more conservative cultures aren’t used to, but it is in no way meant to offend, and is rather considered a part of getting to know one another.

Family is the centre of social structures in Hungary. Family members look after one another, and it’s not uncommon for extended families to all stay together. Women and elders are highly respected in Hungary.

Folk culture and the arts in Hungary

Hungary’s architecture is a unique blend of the different nations that have occupied the country over the centuries, from Roman ruins to Turkish baths and Gothic churches. Budapest, sitting on either side of the Danube River, is often cited as the most beautiful city in Europe, and there is plenty in terms of arts and cultural activities to keep expats occupied.

Hungarians are immensely proud of their culture. The country has a rich folk tradition, with dancing, music, and decorative arts, such as colourful embroidery and pottery.

LGBTQ+ in Hungary

Although homosexuality is legal and there are protections in place to guard against discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals, Hungary has a long way to go when it comes to societal attitudes. In 2025, the government passed a constitutional amendment banning all public LGBTQ+ events, with plans to use facial recognition software to identify attendees.

With this in mind, it’s recommended that expats avoid all public LGBTQ+ events as well as public displays of affection, especially in rural areas, as this may be less accepted. It’s also illegal to share or portray LGBTQ+ content with minors in media, educational content, and bookshops.

Read more: Diversity and Inclusion in Hungary

Women in Hungary

Expat women often report feeling safe walking alone in Hungary, particularly in Budapest. It’s still recommended to avoid walking alone at night and only stick to well-lit areas if you choose to.

While women are legally protected against discrimination, the government has recently shifted its strategy from gender mainstreaming to family mainstreaming, meaning there is less of a focus on empowering women.

Hungary also has one of the highest rates of intimate partner violence in the EU. Still, the country also has one of the lowest gender pay gaps in the EU, making it a largely safe country where women can thrive.

Read more: Diversity and Inclusion in Hungary

Hungary has a rich history of education, with some of its universities dating as far back as the 14th century.

Education and schools in Hungary are generally of an excellent standard, although they frequently adopt a more traditional approach than those of other European countries. This is most evident in the increasing prominence of church-funded public schools, which incorporate religious elements into their curricula.

It is mandatory for children between the ages of 3 and 16 to attend some form of full-time education. Several educational options are available to expats moving to Hungary with children; however, language barriers may be a deciding factor.

The school year in Hungary runs from September to June, with short breaks in autumn and at Easter and a slightly longer break over Christmas. The longest holiday in the school calendar is the summer holiday, which starts in mid-June and continues until the end of August.

Moving to Hungary

Public schools in Hungary

Although they can be inconsistent in terms of quality, accessibility, and facilities, public schools in Hungary are free and attended by most of the population. Public schools in Hungary’s rural areas are not usually as well-equipped as those in the country’s urban centres.

Hungary’s official language of instruction is Magyar (Hungarian), which tends to dissuade many expats from enrolling their children in the public education system. Some public schools do offer extra Hungarian language classes for foreigners, but this is at the school’s discretion, and little further assistance can be expected.

Expats should note that many public schools in Hungary have looked to the Catholic Church for funding in recent years. This has inevitably altered the teaching approach of many schools, which may not be ideal for everyone.

Useful links

• Ministry of National Resources

Private and international schools in Hungary

There are a fair few private schools in Hungary, many of which offer a unique teaching method and curriculum. These schools, which use teaching methods based on the philosophies of the likes of Steiner Waldorf, Carl Rogers and Maria Montessori, are free from government regulation, allowing for more specialised and modern learning approaches.

If you’re hoping to provide your children with an international education, you can look into Hungary’s numerous international schools. All located in and around Budapest, international schools in Hungary are generally of high quality and boast comprehensive facilities. Curriculum options include the International Baccalaureate, as well as the British or American and a range of other curricula.

International schools in Hungary are bound to be the priciest option for expats. Still, the cost can be justified by the fact that they teach in English, can provide continuity with children’s previous schooling and will allow for acquaintance with other expat families – for some families, this makes them the ideal choice.

Admissions to private and international schools in Hungary can be competitive and involve multiple steps such as tests and interviews. We recommend that parents begin the application process as early as possible.

International Schools in Budapest

Special educational needs in Hungary

Expat parents of children with special educational needs can rest easy, as Hungarian schools (be they mainstream or specialised schools, depending on the severity of the disability) are well set up to cater for any disabilities or behavioural issues.

An education rehabilitation committee will assess children with special educational needs. The committee can either recommend that the student be placed in a specialised class or institution or propose integration into mainstream education. According to the Act on Equal Opportunities, parents have the right to be involved in any decisions that are made.

Presently, in Hungary, children with special needs are integrated into the education system in the following ways: an inclusive mainstream class, a special class in a mainstream school or in a special school. Children with special educational needs may start elementary school at the age of eight at the latest.

Useful links

• European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education – Hungary

Tutors in Hungary

Many expat and local parents in Hungary opt to have their children tutored. Tutoring is helpful in cases where children require assistance in specific subject areas such as maths, science or Hungarian, studying for important entrance exams, or for students with learning difficulties.

The best place to start the search for a tutor is at your children’s school, where you can get recommendations from the school administration or other parents, making the process easier. An exceptional tutoring company in Hungary is Tutoroo, where parents can browse and find the perfect fit for their children’s needs.

Useful links

• Tutoroo
• TeacherOn
• Preply

The quality of healthcare in Hungary is up to the standards of most Western countries. This, combined with the relatively low cost of medical treatment in the country, has made Hungary a burgeoning medical tourism destination.

Healthcare in Hungary is financed by the Health Insurance Fund (HIF), which allows access to various treatments in public hospitals. The HIF is funded by the state and public contributions.

Public healthcare in Hungary

Although treatment is generally excellent, public healthcare services in Hungary still have their fair share of challenges. Doctors in the public sector are not well paid, and many of the best physicians opt to work in the private sector instead.

This has led to the public sector being understaffed and overburdened, so waiting times for non-essential surgery can be long. In rural areas, finding English-speaking medical staff in public hospitals can be more challenging. Issues like limited diagnostic equipment and hospitals being understaffed are also particularly pronounced in rural areas.

Useful links

• Ministry of the Interior
• National Public Health Centre

Private healthcare in Hungary

Although the National Health Insurance Fund (NEAK) grants access to subsidised or free medical care and prescription medications, some expats still prefer private health insurance and treatment. This allows them admission to private hospitals with shorter waiting times and usually more English-speaking staff than in public hospitals.

Hungary’s combination of affordability and technical prowess in the private sector has led to its rise as a popular medical tourism destination. Dental, cosmetic, eye and joint surgery and rehabilitative practices are all popular.

Health insurance in Hungary

If you are studying or working in Hungary, mandatory contributions cover you under the NEAK. Applying for a health insurance card, known as a Társadalombiztosítási Azonosító Jelet (TAJ) Card, at the local health authority in your residential area is relatively simple once a work permit is in order.

Once you have your TAJ Card, you must register with a local general practitioner. All foreigners, including tourists, are automatically covered for first aid and emergency treatment in Hungary.

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access state healthcare during a short-term visit. UK citizens can use their Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), which replaced the EHIC for UK citizens post-Brexit.

The card does not give cardholders access to medical treatment for pre-existing conditions but covers chronic conditions. Travelling to another country for the sole purpose of medical treatment (i.e. medical tourism) is also not covered by the EHIC. Therefore, private health insurance is necessary for those visiting Hungary for medical tourism purposes.

Working in Hungary 
Work Permits in Hungary

Useful links

• NEAK

Pharmacies and medication in Hungary

Hungary has a large pharmaceutical industry. As a result, medications are plentiful, and the country has a high concentration of pharmacies.

Pharmacies in the public sector provide subsidised prescription medication, so while patients must contribute, the fee is generally nominal. Pharmacies in the country are easily identifiable with their green cross and the word ‘Gyógyszertár ‘. Emergency pharmacies (ügyeletes gyógyszertár) are marked for night and weekend service.

Vaccinations for Hungary

There are no mandatory vaccinations to enter Hungary, but there are several recommended vaccines, including the Covid-19 vaccine. Some recommended vaccines include:

• Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
• Hepatitis A and B
• Polio
• Influenza
• Pneumonia
• Meningitis

Those who will be travelling to western and northern Hungary should consider getting a tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, as ticks are prevalent in these areas. Chickenpox and Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) are also recommended.

Emergency services in Hungary

Emergency services are largely adequate in Hungary – they usually arrive on the scene within 15 minutes of receiving a call. There will typically be someone who speaks English on staff at the main emergency call centre to handle calls. Otherwise, expats can dial the EU emergency line on 112.

Emergency numbers:

• Ambulance: 104
• Police: 107
• Fire department: 105
• EU emergency line: 112

Although you may be far from home, you will be pleased to know that keeping in touch in Hungary is easy and convenient. There are many reliable and affordable ways of contacting family and friends, and keeping up to date with local and international news.

Internet in Hungary

In the past, the internet in Hungary has been a bit pricey. That said, major internet service providers such as Magyar Telekom are having to contend with the low prices offered by newcomers to the industry, leading to an overall price reduction.

Although fibre connections are more ubiquitous these days, many service providers still offer useful broadband internet, cable television, and landline telephone service bundles. These bundles are often cheaper than purchasing each service separately.

Useful links

• Telekom
• Yettel

Mobile phones in Hungary

Several mobile operators operate in Hungary, including Yettel, One Hungary, and Digimobil, a relative newcomer. Mobile reception is usually good in the cities but often patchy in rural areas, particularly for 4G and 5G mobile internet.

You can choose between prepaid and postpaid plans. Although postpaid plans frequently offer the most attractive packages, you will need numerous documents to sign up. Typically, mobile companies require expat customers to present at least a passport, residence permit, address card and bank card. Expats who pick a prepaid plan will have to do an annual data reconciliation in person.

Useful links

• One Hungary
• Digimobil

Postal services in Hungary

The national postal service is Magyar Posta. It is considered reliable but can be painfully slow, and international shipping services are costly. While at the post office, you can also pay bills or buy lottery tickets.

Expats have reported with amusement that post offices in Hungary typically sell all sorts of interesting things, from fridge magnets and beaded necklaces to keyrings and stuffed animals.

English-language media in Hungary

If you’re in search of English-language newspapers, you can pick up a copy of The Budapest Times once a week to get their fix of local news. Funzine, published once every two weeks, targets expats and is ideal if you want to explore Hungary’s culture and entertainment scene.

Magyar Televízió (MTV) is run by the state. It airs a few channels and, while expats may be lucky enough to catch the occasional news broadcast in English, all programming is usually in Hungarian. This network is not to be confused with MTV Hungary, the music channel owned by American network, MTV Music Television.

Streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and HBO Max are a great way to access international TV programmes at a fraction of the price of cable television services.

All foreigners require a passport valid for at least three months and issued within the last 10 years to enter Hungary. Hungary is part of the Schengen area, and citizens of EU and EEA states don’t need a visa to enter the country; all they need is either their passport or European identity card.

Citizens of a select number of non-EU countries, including the US, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and Brazil, do not need a visa, but those who do need a visa for Hungary have to apply for a Schengen visa.

Visitor visas for Hungary

Schengen visas allow visitors to stay in Hungary for up to 90 days. To apply for a Schengen visa, you will need to gather the required documents, complete the visa application form and submit it to the Hungarian consulate or embassy in your home country before you travel. You’ll need the following documents:

• Proof of travel health insurance
• Proof of return flight tickets
• Proof of accommodation
• Proof of sufficient funds for the duration of your trip

Processing time can vary, so you should apply well before your departure date.

If applying for a Schengen visa to travel to Hungary for business purposes, you’ll usually need to include a letter of invitation from the Hungarian business party and a letter from your local employer stating your duties in Hungary.

In some cases, applicants may be asked to provide additional documents at the discretion of the Hungarian embassy or consulate. It’s common to be asked for proof of employment and residence in their home country to indicate that they will return home after their trip.

Once granted the Schengen visa, it is still best for expats to bring their documents with them on their trip; in some cases, the border officers may request them.

Long-stay visas for Hungary

Foreigners intending to stay in the country for longer than 90 days need to secure a long-stay visa for Hungary. Depending on the purpose of your stay in Hungary, you can apply for a work, study, family reunification, working holiday, or digital nomad long-stay visa.

You should apply for a long-stay visa before entering the country. Successful non-EU applicants will be granted a single-entry visa to collect their residence permit. The long-stay visa is typically valid for 30 days.

Residence permits for Hungary

After arriving in Hungary on a long-stay visa, you’ll need to apply for a residence permit within 30 days. The permit allows you to apply for address registration, which is renewable and valid for a year. Long-term resident status is granted for both EU and non-EU nationals after five years of continuous stay in an EU country. This residence permit will be valid for three years and is renewable for another three years.

For EU/EEA nationals and other nationalities that do not need a visa to enter Hungary, a residence permit can be applied for at the Office of Immigration and Nationality in Hungary after arrival. This should be done within the first 93 days of being in the country. Upon the issuing of a residence permit, EU citizens will be given a registration card, and an address card will be posted to them.

The Registration Card is only valid if presented with your Address Card and passport. The documentation required to secure a residence permit depends on the purpose of your stay in Hungary.

Once you have a valid residence permit and card, you can apply for tax and social security cards. You’ll need a work and residence permit to secure employment in Hungary.

Work Permits for Hungary

Useful links

• National Directorate-General for Aliens and Policing

Visa requirements can change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Hungary occupies a strategic location at the heart of Europe. With an open and export-driven economy, the country is an attractive destination for international business. Expats doing business in Hungary will find themselves among a highly skilled and educated workforce, as well as a largely Western business culture.

As with most countries in the former Eastern Bloc, Hungary moved from a socialist economy to a market economy in the early 1990s, and it’s been a member of the EU since 2004.

Hungary’s main industries include mining, construction materials, electronics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and motor vehicles. The capital, Budapest, is the commercial centre of Hungary, and many multinational companies have offices in the city, including IBM, Pfizer, Ericsson, and Microsoft. The city is also a central hub of innovation and research, home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology.

Fast facts

Business hours

Business hours are usually between 9am and 5pm, Monday to Friday. It is not unusual for Hungarians to work overtime and not take a lunch break. Most Hungarians take holidays during the summer months of July and August, so it’s best to avoid scheduling important meetings during these months.

Business language

Hungarian is the official language. Although much of the younger generation has a good command of English, which is becoming increasingly popular in business circles, the older generation primarily speaks Hungarian or German.

Dress

Hungarians take pride in their appearance, and it’s essential to dress appropriately. Formal business attire is the norm; men should wear a dark-coloured suit and tie, whereas a classic business suit is acceptable for women.

Gifts

Gift-giving is not necessary in Hungarian business circles. If invited to a Hungarian associate’s house for a meal, a small gift of chocolates or flowers is appropriate, but roses and lilies should be avoided. Gifts are generally opened immediately.

Gender equality

While women have equal opportunities, most senior management positions are still occupied by men.

Greetings

A firm handshake with direct eye contact is an acceptable greeting between Hungarian business associates. If greeting a woman, wait for her to extend her hand first. Otherwise, a nod of the head is sufficient. Hungarians address each other by their surnames first and then by their first names, e.g., John Smith would be Smith John.

Business culture in Hungary

Hungary’s communist legacy means that bureaucracy is still rife in business dealings. That said, Western influences have become more prominent in business culture in Hungary in recent years, and you should not struggle too much to get accustomed to how things are done in this Central European country.

Communication

Hungary is a largely homogenous country, with a little under 98 percent of the population being Hungarian. Although English and German are also widely spoken, the official language is Hungarian, or Magyar as it is known locally.

English is becoming increasingly popular in business circles and is now Hungary’s unofficial language of business. Although expats would do well to learn a few key phrases in Hungarian, it is a notoriously difficult language to learn.

Relationships

Hungarians are generally friendly and generous hosts, and socialising is an important part of business relationships; face-to-face meetings are key. In line with this, Hungarians prefer direct communication, so avoid vague and ambiguous language. Meetings frequently start with small talk, as Hungarians prefer to get to know their business partners. Business relationships are vital, and a lot of time is taken to build a solid foundation.

Hierarchy

Business structures in Hungary are hierarchical, and status is highly valued. Decisions are made from the top down, and senior managers don’t consult their subordinates before making a decision. Decision-making can be a slow process, as Hungarians prefer to consider all aspects of a deal before taking any concrete action. Punctuality is essential, and cancelling meetings at the last minute is decidedly detrimental to any further business dealings with the company in question.

Dos and don’ts of doing business in Hungary

• Do expect to socialise with Hungarian business associates. Hungarians enjoy getting to know business partners in a social setting before making decisions in the boardroom.
• Do address Hungarian business associates by their full titles.
• Don’t be late for meetings and avoid cancelling at the last minute.
• Do show respect to senior managers and older associates, as hierarchy and status are key in Hungarian business circles.
• Don’t rush meetings and business negotiations. Hungarians prefer taking time to consider all aspects of a business deal before making an informed decision.

Hungary’s public transport system is comprehensive, and you’ll find it relatively easy and affordable to get around the country. Most cities have far-reaching bus and tram systems, and Budapest also has a metro system.

Alternatively, cycling is a popular means of getting around most cities, while taxis and select ride-sharing services allow you even greater freedom of movement.

Public transport in Hungary

Hungary has an extensive public transport system that is efficient and affordable. Frequent commuters can buy monthly passes covering all modes of transport at all main transport hubs. Discounted rates are available for students and pensioners.

Trains

Budapest is the central hub for Hungary’s train network. All rail lines fan out from the city’s three railway stations, Keleti, Deli and Nyugati. Major cities in Hungary and other European cities are linked to Budapest by intercity and express train lines.

Intercity trains are the fastest way to travel, and booking one at an MAV office is easy. You can buy tickets for domestic departures on the day of your trip, but it’s best to book ahead for international trips. When you purchase a ticket, it’s essential to specify if you want a one-way (egy útra) or a return ticket (retur or oda-vissza).

Metro

Budapest’s city centre has a metro system with four lines running through 48 stations. This includes the historically significant Line 1, mainland Europe’s oldest underground railway. The metro connects major train stations and seamlessly integrates with other forms of public transport in the city.

BKK operates the metro system and most of the public transport in Budapest. You can buy tickets 24 hours a day at BKK ticket vending machines with cash or a bank card.

Buses

Volánbusz operates most of the buses in Hungary. The country has a developed and comprehensive bus network spanning the entire country. Some bus routes reach further than the railway lines, making bus transport a viable means of getting around Hungary.

The bus network consists of both inner-city and intercity routes, including routes to other European cities. City-to-city tickets can be bought directly from the driver.

Trams

Several Hungarian cities have trolley-bus and tram lines, including Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged, and Miskolc. Budapest is home to route 4/6, the busiest tram line in the world, with trams arriving at 60- to 90-second intervals during peak time.

Useful links

• MAV Group
• BKK
• Volánbusz

Taxis in Hungary

Taxis offer a fast and reasonably cheap way of getting around Hungarian cities and towns. There are numerous operators, and fares vary depending on the company and time of day. You should note that Hungarian taxi drivers are notorious for trying to overcharge foreigners, so it’s important to ensure that the meter is turned on and running correctly. Otherwise, agreeing on the fare before embarking on a journey is best.

Local legislation and an established public transport network have limited the expansion of ride-share services in Hungary. That said, app-based transport services such as Főtaxi, City Taxi and Bolt have flourished in Budapest. Ride-sharing services are often preferred to taxi services, as they give expats more control over routes and service prices.

Useful links

• Főtaxi
• City Taxi
• Bolt

Driving in Hungary

Hungarian highways and urban roads are generally in excellent condition. Thanks to the country’s compact size, most domestic destinations can be reached within two to three hours. Be that as it may, driving in Hungary can be a stressful experience due to the erratic nature of Hungarian drivers, who frequently ignore the rules of the road.

Traffic is heavy in Budapest and other cities, and parking can be an issue. With the country’s extensive public transport system and urban transport links, it may be unnecessary to own a car while living in Hungary.

Cars in Hungary drive on the right-hand side of the road. The country has a zero-tolerance policy regarding drinking and driving, and the traffic police frequently set up roadblocks and checks.

Toll motorways connect cities and towns, and expats driving in Hungary need an e-vignette to use the tolls. These can be purchased online and are valid immediately. Such e-vignettes are available for four-day, one-week, one-month, or one-year periods.

Driver’s licences

EU citizens can drive in Hungary with their national driver’s licence. Non-EU nationals can drive in Hungary for a year with an international driver’s licence and their home country’s driver’s licence, after which they must apply for a Hungarian licence.

If you’re from a country signatory to the 1968 Vienna Convention, you can easily exchange your home country’s driver’s licence for a local one. Expats from non-Convention countries must pass a medical exam as well as theoretical and practical tests to obtain a Hungarian driver’s licence.

Useful links

• Central Office for Administrative and Electronic Public Services

Cycling in Hungary

Cycling is a popular pastime and mode of transport in Hungary. The country’s high daily cycling volume is comparable to that of global cycling capitals such as Amsterdam and Denmark. Plenty of dedicated cycle paths and a widespread bicycle rental scheme in Budapest make cycling an easy and convenient way to get around.

Useful links

• MOL Bubi

Walking in Hungary

Most parts of Hungary are relatively flat, making it highly pedestrianised, but you should take proper precautions to stay safe. Opportunistic crime does happen, so pedestrians should stick to areas that are known to them and keep valuables well out of sight. Drivers in Hungary often behave erratically, so extra caution should be taken when walking near traffic.

Hungary is known for its rich cultural heritage and hospitality. That said, Hungary has a complex diversity and inclusion landscape. The country has limited statutory diversity laws, and some social groups experience discrimination in Hungary.

Prospective expats headed to Hungary often wonder what to expect of day-to-day societal norms. Read on to learn more about diversity and inclusion in Hungary.

Accessibility in Hungary

Although there have been considerable improvements in recent years, Hungary is not the most accessible country for disabled people, but the locals are friendly and helpful towards those who need help. Few pavements have ramps or slopes for wheelchair users, and many shops and restaurants have barriers that make access difficult.

BKK operates the bus, tram and trolleybus network in Budapest, and they acknowledge that there is still a long way to go in the accessibility of Budapest’s transport network. Improvements are being made and almost all the buses are now low-floor vehicles.

Only low-floor buses operate in Budapest at night and on weekends. Low-floor vehicles are in service along almost a third of the tramlines in Budapest, and they have dedicated spots where wheelchairs and prams can be fixed. Improvements are being made to the metro system. All the stations along metro line M4 are step-free, as are a few of the stations along M2 and M3.

Lowered curbs have been introduced at all new and refurbished pedestrian crossings in the city. BKK is also introducing tactile paving and audible traffic lamps at intersections to assist blind and visually impaired people.

Hungary’s laws protect the rights and opportunities of people with disabilities. All employers with a workforce of more than 20 workers, in both the private and public sectors, must hire five percent of people with reduced working capacity.

Further reading

• BKK
• go.bkk.hu – BKK’s downloadable journey planner application displays accessible routes.

LGBTQ+ in Hungary

Homosexuality is legal in Hungary, and discrimination on the basis of sex and sexual orientation is illegal. Although same-sex marriage is prohibited by the constitution, Hungary recognises “registered partnerships”, which offer same-sex couples most of the rights and benefits of married couples. Unregistered cohabitation for same-sex couples is also recognised and puts same-sex couples on an equal footing to unmarried heterosexual couples.

Progress on gay rights has stalled recently, however, and the Hungarian government led by Viktor Orbán passed legislation in 2021 that ended the legal recognition of transgender Hungarians. The government also amended the constitution in 2025, banning all LGBTQ+ events in the country. There has also been a ban on the portrayal and discussion of LGBTQ+ topics in media and educational materials, signalling a regression in LGBTQ+ rights and societal acceptance in Hungary.

Gender equality in Hungary

Hungary is a conservative country with traditional values, but stereotypes and gender roles in society are slowly changing. Under communism, women gained greater access to secondary and university education, and family dynamics have continued to become more progressive since Hungary joined the EU in 2004.

There remains some gender inequality in the workplace, as women experience higher levels of job insecurity. Hungary ranks well below its European peers in the EIGE Gender Equality Index, and it has pledged to invest in gender equality to further improve women’s economic status.

Katalin Novák, the first female President of Hungary, declared that she wants women to have better opportunities and not have to choose between motherhood and a career. The government aims to increase women’s employment and create more flexible daycare facilities to help women return to the workplace.

The average pay gap between men and women is around 15 percent. Some Hungarian women seek roles with international corporations, where there is often a stronger focus on pay equality.

Foreign businesswomen are likely to be treated with respect. Still, they should be prepared for traditional attitudes from their male counterparts, as Hungarian men tend to be chivalrous and somewhat protective toward women.

Further reading

• European Institute for Gender Equality – Hungary

Women in leadership in Hungary

Only one-third of senior executives in EU member states are women, but in Hungary, the proportion is much higher, with 41 percent of managerial positions occupied by women, according to a 2024 survey published by the European Union’s statistical office, Eurostat.

Despite having a female president and the youngest person to ever hold office between 2022 and 2024, women remain woefully underrepresented in parliament. Following the 2022 elections, female MPs held just 30 of the 197 seats, representing 15 percent of the parliament.

Mental health awareness in Hungary

Expats can be at greater risk of mental health issues, especially depression and anxiety, which can be exacerbated by loneliness and the stress of living in new surroundings. International companies are becoming more aware of mental health issues, and many have adjusted their policies to provide better support. This includes ensuring that mental illness is well covered by the company’s chosen employee healthcare schemes, as well as promoting knowledge and decreasing stigma by holding in-house workshops.

There is a low understanding of mental illness in Hungary, and the social acceptance of people living with mental disorders is well below that of other European states. The effectiveness of social services and the quality of the social care system have improved during the past decade in Hungary, but the sector is still underfunded.

Most expats decide to visit a private doctor or therapist. There are some well-respected clinics in Budapest with English-speaking staff. A good health insurance company should be able to recommend suitable professionals.

Useful links

• Pszichészet
• FirstMed Budapest

Unconscious bias training in Hungary

Unconscious bias is an implicit set of often stereotyped ideas an individual carries about groups of people different to themselves. These ideas are not purposefully adopted but rather develop subtly over time, and people tend to hold unconscious biases about groups they never or rarely come into contact with. In Hungary, for example, some local employers will prefer men for specific roles.

Unconscious bias can profoundly affect both personal and work conditions. In the workplace, unchecked bias undermines vital aspects of the company, negatively impacting employee performance, retention and recruitment. To create a better work environment, many companies are beginning to institute unconscious bias training. Several online resources can be used to improve self-awareness regarding bias.

Useful resources

• Project Implicit
• NonprofitReady.org

Diversification of the workforce in Hungary

There is a thriving and diverse expat community in Hungary, with people from countries all over the world but particularly from Germany, Austria, and other nearby European states. Expats often stick together, but many make good local friends too. The offices of international companies based in Budapest buzz with foreign languages, including English, German, Russian, and French.

The local population is not diverse, with very few non-EU foreigners living in Hungary. Black people are something of a curiosity and may attract interest, but they are unlikely to be met with any racism.

Safety in Hungary

People arriving in Hungary have no need to be concerned about safety. The country has an extremely low crime rate and little violent crime. Although there have been reports of pickpocketing and theft at tourist hotspots in Budapest, most Hungarians are honest and welcoming to foreigners. Women should be vigilant when going home late at night but are unlikely to experience any problems. The public transport system is reliable and safe.

Safety in Hungary

Calendar initiatives in Hungary

4 February – World Cancer Day
28 February – Rare Disease Day
March – TB Awareness Month
17 May – International Day Against Homophobia
19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
10 October –World Mental Health Day
14 November – World Diabetes Day
1 December – World AIDS Day

Early History

• 9th century: Hungary has a rich history dating back to when the Magyar tribes migrated and settled in the Carpathian Basin.
• 1000: Hungary becomes a Christian kingdom under the rule of King Stephen I.

Ottoman Empire

• 1526: The Ottoman Empire conquers Hungary, and the country becomes a province of the empire for the next 150 years.
• 1541: The Ottoman Empire partitions Hungary into three parts.
• 1566–1686: Hungary experiences a period of relative stability and prosperity under Ottoman rule, with a flourishing of Ottoman culture and architecture.
• 1683: The Ottoman Empire’s siege of Vienna fails, marking the beginning of the empire’s decline in Europe.
• 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz marks the end of Ottoman rule in Hungary and sees the country transferred to Habsburg control.
• 1711–1716: Hungary experiences a period of Ottoman reoccupation during the Austro-Turkish War, with the Ottomans increasing their control over the next two decades.
• 1739–1791: The Ottoman Empire loses more control of Hungary, with the Habsburgs gradually re-establishing control over the country.
• 1791: The Ottoman Empire officially cedes control of Hungary to the Habsburgs, ending more than 150 years of Ottoman rule in the country.
• 1867: After the Ottoman Empire’s defeat in the Austro-Turkish War, Hungary becomes part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, one of Europe’s major powers. The Austro-Hungarian Compromise establishes the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, with Hungary gaining significant autonomy within the empire.

The Golden Age

• 1872: Hungary’s first parliamentary elections are held, leading to the establishment of a liberal constitutional monarchy.
• 1867–1914: This period of relative stability and prosperity is known as Hungary’s ‘Golden Age’. It is characterised by rapid industrialisation, urbanisation and cultural flourishing.
• 1908: Austria-Hungary occupies and annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, increasing tensions with neighbouring Serbia and Russia.
• 1879: Austria-Hungary signs a Dual Alliance with Germany, solidifying its position as one of the great powers of Europe.
• 1894–1895: Tensions between Hungary and the other ethnic groups within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including the Czechs and Slovaks, come to a head, leading to a series of political crises.
• 1882: Austria-Hungary signs a defensive alliance with Italy, further consolidating its position as a great power.
• 1900–1914: Hungary continues to experience political and economic stability, with a growing national identity and pride. The country becomes increasingly influential within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and its army and economy continue to grow.

1900 – 1945

• 1914–1918: Hungary participates in World War I as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The country experiences significant losses and economic disruption during the war, and the empire eventually collapses.
• 1918: Hungary declares independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and a democratic republic is established.
• 1919–1920: Hungary becomes a communist state under the rule of Bela Kun, who goes on to wage war against Romania and Czechoslovakia. Romanian troops eventually occupy Budapest and hand power to Admiral Miklós Horthy.
• 1920: The Treaty of Trianon sees more than two-thirds of Hungarian territory given to Romania and Czechoslovakia, displacing a third of native Hungarian speakers.
• 1938: Hungary begins to align itself with Nazi Germany, and the country’s anti-Semitic laws begin to be enforced.
• 1940–1941: Hungary occupies and annexes parts of Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, expanding its territory once again and increasing its influence in the region.
• 1941: Hungary enters World War II on the side of the Axis powers. The country experiences significant losses and economic disruption during the war, with its soldiers fighting on the Eastern Front and in North Africa.
• 1942–1944: Hungary’s Jewish population, estimated at around 800,000, is subjected to increasing persecution and violence, including deportations to concentration camps and forced labour.
• 1944: Soviet forces begin their advance into Hungary, and the country becomes a major battlefield of the war.
• March 1944: German forces occupy Hungary and install a puppet government, increasing violence against Hungary’s Jewish population.
• October 1944: Soviet forces enter Hungary and defeat the German army, leading to the establishment of a communist government in Hungary.
• 1944–1945: Hungary experiences significant losses and economic disruption during the war, with many of its cities and towns being heavily damaged or destroyed.
• 1945: Hungary becomes a satellite state of the Soviet Union and begins to implement communist economic and political reforms. The country’s Jewish population, which had suffered greatly during the war, begins to rebuild and recover.

Soviet rule

• 1945–1949: Hungary transitions from a multi-party democracy to a communist regime under Soviet influence. The period sees the groundwork laid for future rapid industrialisation under full communist control, which is formalised in 1949 with the establishment of the Hungarian People’s Republic.
• 1956: The Hungarian Revolution breaks out, a nationwide uprising against Soviet rule. Khrushchev orders the Red Army to suppress the uprising and abolish the independent national government forcefully. Hungary is immediately subjected to merciless repression; thousands of Hungarians die, and hundreds of thousands more flee to the West.
• 1968: Economic and political reforms begin, focusing on decentralisation and market liberalisation.
• 1989: The communist government is abolished, and Hungary begins transitioning to a multi-party democracy.

Independence

• 1990: Hungary holds the first free elections since World War II. The conservative government is replaced by a coalition government led by the liberal Hungarian Democratic Forum.
• 1991: Soviet forces leave Hungary, and the Warsaw Pact is dissolved.
• 1999: Hungary joins NATO following a referendum in 1997.
• 2004: Hungary joins the European Union.
• 2006: A socialist-led coalition government takes power and implements social and economic reforms to reduce income inequality and increase economic growth.
• 2006: Protests break out in Budapest after Prime Minister Gyurcsany admits his party lied during the election campaign.
• 2008: Hungary is one of the countries hardest hit by the global financial crisis, which leads to economic hardship for its citizens.
• 2010: A right-wing government led by Viktor Orbán is elected, and it focuses on reducing the budget deficit and implementing business-friendly reforms.
• 2011: Hungary amends media laws to align with EU press freedom regulations. The country also approves a new and controversial constitution without the checks and balances necessary for a modern democracy.
• 2014: Orbán’s government is re-elected and continues its focus on fiscal discipline and economic reforms.
• 2017: The EU threatens to suspend Hungary from the EU due to the country’s attempt to close down the liberal Central European University.
• 2018: A liberal-right coalition government takes power, promising to address income inequality and improve social services.
• 2020: Hungary enacts emergency measures in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, including widespread lockdowns and restrictions on public gatherings.
• 2022: Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán is re-elected for a fourth consecutive term; his government continues to face criticism for its handling of the pandemic and its increasingly authoritarian policies.

Living in Hungary as an expat

A landlocked country at the heart of Europe, Hungary is the perfect mix of Eastern and Western European cultures. Blessed with diverse topography, the country boasts beautifully lush hills, sweeping plains and green river valleys. The mighty Danube cuts through Hungary and bisects the famous capital of Budapest, which is often sold as Europe’s prettiest city.

Expats moving to Hungary can expect a wonderful expat destination with a stable economy and a government intent on expansion and change.

Budapest City Guide

Working in Hungary

Not only is Hungary one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, attracting more than 50 million tourists yearly, but it is also a popular destination for expats employed in the booming private sector.

Some industries in Hungary are attracting plenty of foreign investment, including information technology, luxury vehicle production and renewable energy systems. Smaller areas of foreign investment include the textile and food industries, while high-end tourism is an ever-expanding industry in Hungary.

Expats looking to work in Hungary will need a visa and work permit to live and work in the country legally. The process for acquiring a work permit can be lengthy, requiring employers to prove that no EU/EEA or Hungarian citizen is qualified to do the job.

Working in Hungary
Visas for Hungary
Work Permits for Hungary

Local culture in Hungary

Hungary’s unique history and its ongoing development shape its local culture. New arrivals to the country will largely find it easy to integrate into Hungary’s modern society, but the language barrier may present a challenge for expats who are unfamiliar with the language.

Locals often adopt a direct communication style and enjoy fostering relationships with others by asking personal questions. Expats should consider this as a way to get to know locals rather than as an invasion of privacy.

The work culture in the country is hierarchical and largely traditional. That said, local Hungarians are passionate about doing excellent work and will frequently work extra hours to ensure that projects are delivered on time. Relationship building is an important aspect of working in Hungary.

Local Culture in Hungary
Business Culture in Hungary

Finding accommodation in Hungary

The standard of accommodation in Hungary has improved over the last few years. The country has one of the highest homeownership rates in Europe, and expats can buy property in Hungary. Rental prices in large cities like Budapest are higher than in smaller cities, but accommodation in the outskirts of these cities will be slightly more affordable.

The best way to find accommodation will be through a local real estate agent who is familiar with working with expats, as they can help you navigate the language barrier. Online property portals can also give you a view into housing availability in the country.

Advice on Renting Accommodation in Hungary
Best Places to Live in Budapest

Cost of living in Hungary

The cost of living in Hungary is fairly reasonable in comparison to other European countries. Accommodation and the related costs in large cities such as Budapest will set expats back quite significantly, but new arrivals can mitigate this by living a little further out of the city centre.

Thanks to Hungary’s excellent and affordable public transport links, owning a car in the country is unnecessary, although a vehicle is convenient for exploring the rest of Europe. You can further bring down your monthly bills by buying local produce and staples. Eating out will also be something you can enjoy occasionally, as Hungary boasts many restaurants catering for a range of markets.

Cost of Living in Hungary

Living in Hungary with children

Family is an integral part of Hungary’s society, and as one of the safest countries in the world, you will find Hungary an ideal place to raise children. Hungary also offers plenty of natural landscapes, historical sites, and green spaces for expats who are moving to Hungary with children to explore during their leisure time.

The Hungarian healthcare system has its ups and downs, but good quality public healthcare is available in major cities, and while participation in the government’s insurance scheme is compulsory, many expats choose to take out private insurance as well.

Safety in Hungary
Healthcare in Hungary

Finding a school in Hungary

Education in Hungary is generally considered to be of high quality. The official language of instruction at public schools, which are free to attend, is Hungarian (Magyar), which may present a language barrier for expat children.

Fortunately, several international schools in Budapest offer English-language education and private schools which teach using various alternative pedagogical philosophies. These schools also offer globally recognised curricula like the International Baccalaureate, American, and British systems.

Education and Schools in Hungary
International Schools in Budapest

Getting around in Hungary

Hungary has well-developed public transport networks, and its capital, Budapest, has an easy-to-use metro system, including four lines covering most of the city. Buses and trams also play a significant role in the country’s public transport system, while cycling is also growing in popularity.

Transport and Driving in Hungary 
Getting Around in Budapest

Climate and weather in Hungary

Hungary has a continental climate, with warm summers and chilly winters. While many expats may find the colder months of the year quite trying, the warmth of the Hungarian people definitely makes up for it.

Hungary is home to some of Europe’s friendliest people. The country offers abundant economic opportunities and a relaxed pace of life that appeals to expats seeking a balanced life abroad.

Climate Charts for Hungary

Fast facts

Population: Almost 9.6 million

Capital city: Budapest (also the largest city)

Neighbouring countries: Hungary borders Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, and Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest.

Geography: Hungary is a landlocked country. The Danube and Tisza rivers are the major defining features of its geography, splitting it into three sections. The first of these is Dunántúl, which has a hilly terrain with some small mountains. The other two areas, Duna-Tisza köze and Tiszántúl, are characterised by the Great Hungarian Plain.

Political system: Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic

Major religion: Roman Catholicism

Main languages: Hungarian, also known as Magyar, is the official language in Hungary, with Romanian and German being co-official minority languages. English is also spoken by a small percentage of the population, and business dealings are commonly done in English.

Money: The Hungarian Forint (HUF) is divided into 100 fillérs. Fillérs, however, are now out of circulation. There are plans to replace the forint with the euro in the future. To open a bank account, expats will most likely need to present a residence permit and address card, although some banks may allow accounts to be opened with a passport only. ATMs are easily accessible.

Tipping: Tipping is customary in Hungary. 10 to 15 percent is usually appropriate.

Time: GMT+1 (GMT+2 from late March to late October).

Electricity: 230 volts, 50 Hz. European-style two-pin plugs are standard.

Internet domain: .hu

International dialling code: +36

Emergency numbers: 112 (general emergencies), 104 (ambulance), 105 (fire), 107 (police)

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side in Hungary. There is a well-developed public transport system, including a metro system in Budapest. Most parts of the country are easily accessible by car or public transport.

The weather in Hungary is characterised by four distinct seasons. The country boasts beautiful, warm summers and bitterly cold winters, as well as mild spring and autumn seasons.

Summers are quite warm and sometimes uncomfortable, but there are many ways to beat the heat. Temperatures can reach 82°F (28°C) or higher, with the occasional evening thunderstorm.

Hungary is landlocked and far from the ocean, but many beautiful public baths and open-air swimming pools provide an ideal way to cool down. Lake Balaton and the Mátra Hills are popular summer destinations for locals and visitors alike. In summer, lightweight and breathable clothing is recommended, although a light jumper or cover-up might be necessary for the evenings.

Winters are often freezing, but thankfully short, particularly in Budapest. Winter lows usually hover between 32°F and 5°F (0°C and -15°C), but can easily drop lower, especially when the northeasterly wind known as the Bora sweeps through the country. The coldest months of the year are December and January.

Snowfall is common in winter. If you love the outdoors, you will enjoy the opportunity to ski, snowboard, sledge, or play around in the snow. That said, you should take care, as even light snow can whip up into a vicious snowstorm, especially in the high-altitude, mountainous parts of the country. In winter, you should wrap up warmly with layers and thick coats, particularly if the weather is rainy or snowy.

The pleasantly mild weather in spring and autumn makes these seasons popular with visitors, and they are widely considered the best times of year in Hungary. That said, there can still be bouts of relatively chilly weather in either spring or autumn.

Finding a new home can be one of the most stressful parts of relocating to a new country. Most expats moving to Hungary choose to live in the capital, Budapest.

Although accommodation in Hungary is typically much cheaper than in the rest of Europe, rental prices vary considerably throughout the country and even within cities, so it’s worth spending time looking for a great deal. While Hungary boasts excellent public transport links, expats should always consider renting accommodation close to their workplace and children’s schools to avoid long commutes.

Types of accommodation in Hungary

Apartments are the norm in Hungary’s inner cities, while freestanding houses are more likely to be found in the suburbs or outlying rural areas. The standard of accommodation varies significantly, ranging from historic apartments to luxury high-rises with sought-after amenities. The latter is likely to be pricier, especially considering the shortage of quality housing in Hungary’s major cities.

Families who want to remain fairly close to the city centre may also consider townhouses. There are historic and modern townhouses available throughout the country, which provide more space than apartments but are also smaller than traditional freestanding houses.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Both furnished and unfurnished accommodation is available. Expats who intend to stay in the country permanently usually prefer to rent unfurnished accommodation, allowing them to style their homes in line with their preferences. Meanwhile, expats staying for a shorter term or an uncertain amount of time often find that the convenience of furnished accommodation suits them better.

Short lets

Thanks to Budapest’s booming tourism industry, short lets are becoming increasingly popular in Hungary. These are a great alternative to traditional hotels and allow new arrivals to the country to explore the different areas and suburbs in their city before making a long-term commitment.

If you’re in the country for the short term, you may also benefit from short lets, as they are frequently fully furnished and provide a home-like environment. The rental price also includes utilities like WiFi and amenities that are frequently exclusive to hotels, making them a more affordable option.

Useful links

• Airbnb
• Happy.Rentals
• Sublet

Finding accommodation in Hungary

Owing to the language barrier, it is often preferable to employ the services of a letting agent. That said, you should note that agents charge the equivalent of one month’s rent or up to three months for their services.

If an expat’s budget doesn’t quite stretch to this, rental listings are also available online and in local Hungarian newspapers. This is often the easiest way to begin the house hunt, as you can view listings before you even arrive in Hungary.

Useful links

• Realestate.hu
• Ingatlanok.hu
• Otthonterkep.hu

Renting property in Hungary

Historically, Hungary has been known for its relatively affordable rental market, but there is a supply issue in the country, which is affecting pricing and the availability of good quality housing. That said, expats should still be able to find a suitable home while living in Hungary.

Making an application

The first step to finding accommodation in Hungary is identifying prospective properties and attending viewings. Once you have found a property you like, you must submit an application to the landlord or the rental agent. You’ll need a valid passport or other form of proof of identity, as well as your employment contract or other proof of income.

It’s recommended that you request a recent property deed to verify the landlord’s ownership before signing the lease to avoid falling victim to scams. You should also receive an accommodation reporting form once you sign your lease.

Leases

Some landlords are happy to forgo a written contract in favour of a verbal agreement with the tenant. While this might be more convenient and expedient than a written contract, verbal agreements do not offer the same degree of security and can be susceptible to sudden changes by the landlord.

Once a lease agreement has been drawn up, expats should make sure to go over their contract in detail before signing or moving in to ensure that they understand the terms and conditions of the rental agreement. Most leases in Hungary are signed for 12 months with the option to renew.

Deposits

Tenants will have to put down a security deposit before moving in. The required deposit is set and agreed upon by both parties but usually amounts to between one and three months’ rent.

Terminating the lease

Both tenants and landlords are usually required to give notice on the 15th of the previous month before terminating a lease agreement. If you signed a fixed-term lease agreement, the contract should state the consequences of early termination. Otherwise, the lease will remain valid until the end of the fixed-term period.

We recommend conducting a detailed inventory when moving in and out to document the state of the property and ensure that you are not unfairly charged for normal wear and tear.

Utilities in Hungary

The rent paid to the landlord does not include monthly fees for utilities and, in the case of apartment rentals, monthly levies. These are typically reserved for the tenant’s expense.

Electricity

Electricity in Hungary is supplied by different providers depending on the region, with Magyar Villamos Művek (MVM) being the largest supplier in the country, E.ON serving regions outside Budapest, and Elmű serving Budapest. You will need to present proof of identity (such as a passport), proof of residence (a lease agreement or property deed), and often a Hungarian tax number to open a new electricity account.

To set up the service, you can visit a local provider office or complete the process online where available. Electricity bills are typically issued monthly and can be paid through bank transfers, postal checks, or direct debit from a Hungarian bank account.

Gas

Hungary’s main natural gas supplier is Hungarian Natural Gas Trade, which is a subsidiary of MVM, and it handles most household accounts. To connect gas services, foreigners will need similar documentation to the electricity setup:

• valid identification
• proof of residence
• a Hungarian tax ID

Setting up service can be done online or in person at a customer service office. Monthly gas bills are sent to the registered address or email and can be paid via bank transfer, postal payment slips, or automatic debit. To streamline the payment process, it’s advisable to have a Hungarian bank account.

Water

Water services in Hungary are managed locally, with Budapest Waterworks (Fővárosi Vízművek) serving the capital. Other regions have their own municipal or regional providers. You will need to provide identification and a lease or ownership document, and you may be asked for a Hungarian tax number to register for service.

The process generally involves submitting an application online or at a provider’s office. Water bills are issued monthly or quarterly and can be paid through direct debit, bank transfer, or post offices using payment slips.

Bins and recycling

Waste management in Hungary is overseen by local municipalities, with FKF (Fővárosi Közterület-fenntartó) handling collection in Budapest. Residents are provided with bins for general waste, and in many areas, separate bins for paper, plastic, and metal recycling.

Organic waste collection is less common but growing in availability. Recycling is typically collected on a scheduled basis, while general waste is picked up weekly. Expats should check with their local council or property manager for the exact system and collection days in their area.

Internet

Keeping in touch in Hungary will be seamless, thanks to the availability of high-speed internet across the country. Internet connectivity has become more affordable in recent years due to rising competition among service providers, making it largely affordable. Some of the best ISPs in the country include Telekom, Yettel, and One Hungary.

Keeping in Touch in Hungary

Useful links

• Electricity: MVM, E.ON, Elmű
• Budapest Waterworks
• Budapest City Management