To be legally employed as an expat, you must obtain a work visa for Ireland. If you are a citizen of the EU, the EEA or Switzerland, you do not need a work permit and can work freely.

If you require a work permit, an offer of employment is usually a prerequisite for applying. Many companies handle much of the visa process for their foreign employees. Various employment permits are available for Ireland, each with its requirements and application process.

There are nine different work permits in Ireland, including:

• Critical Skills permits (for skilled workers) and 
• Dependant/Partner/Spouse permits (for those related to them), 
• Intra-company Transfer permits (for those moving within a multinational organisation),
• General Employment permits (for those meeting a certain income threshold),
• Reactivation permits (for those whose work permits lapsed under specific conditions),
• Internship permits (usually for students),
• Sport and cultural permits (for qualified professionals in sports and entertainment), and
• Exchange Agreement permits (for participants of exchange programmes like AIESEC, Bord Bia, Fullbright, IAESTE and Vulcanus), and
• Seasonal Employment Permits, which allow you from 2025 to work for a maximum of seven months of the year in seasonally recurring work.

General Employment Permits

Work permits for Ireland are issued by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE) and can be applied for by you or your employer, based on an offer of employment.

A General Employment Permit is typically valid for two years with options for renewal. The job on offer must meet specific minimum salary requirements set by the government. Certain roles, such as meat processing or healthcare assistants, may have different minimum salary thresholds.

You must also have the relevant qualifications, skills, and experience for the job. The job cannot be on the list of ineligible occupations, and your employer must show that they couldn't find a suitable candidate from the EEA by performing a Labour Market Needs Test. The qualification requirements are reviewed and updated periodically, so checking the latest criteria is essential.

After the initial two-year period, you can renew the permit for another three years, provided you still meet the requirements, including any updated salary thresholds.

Useful links

• DETE Employment Permits
• General Employment Permit Details

Critical Skills Employment Permits

The Critical Skills Employment Permit is designed to attract highly skilled individuals to Ireland. It targets sectors experiencing significant skills shortages, such as IT, healthcare, engineering, and finance.

To qualify, your proposed salary must meet the government requirements. The minimum salary is usually high, but exceptions exist for certain roles. You might qualify with a lower salary threshold if your job is on the Highly Skilled Occupations List. This list includes roles like IT specialist, civil engineer, and medical practitioner.

The permit is valid for two years. Unlike other permits, it does not need to be renewed. After 21 months, you can apply for a Stamp 4 Irish Residence Permit. This allows you to work without an employment permit, provided you stay in the same occupation with the same employer at the same salary.

For this transition, you will need a letter from your employer confirming your employment and payslips to show continued employment in the same role.

Intra-Company Transfer Employment Permits

This permit is for transferring employees within the same company. It’s ideal if you are in senior management or have specialised knowledge essential for the business. Transfers usually fulfil specific business needs that the existing Irish workforce cannot meet.

Typical roles eligible for this permit include senior managers and key personnel with specialised expertise. You must have worked for your company's overseas branch for at least 12 months before the transfer. Your employer must demonstrate the necessity of your transfer, often through a Labour Market Needs Test.

The permit is terminated if you leave the company during the permit period. You must notify the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment within four weeks. You then have a six-month grace period to find a new job and apply for a new permit. If unsuccessful, you may need to leave Ireland.

The application process typically takes four to eight weeks. Apply well in advance of your planned start date to ensure timely approval.

Working Holiday Authorisations

If you're from one of several eligible countries, you can apply for a Working Holiday Authorisation (WHA) in Ireland. This visa allows you to engage in casual or temporary work while you explore the country. It’s perfect for those looking to fund their travels without committing to permanent employment.

Countries with working holiday agreements include Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan. Each country has specific eligibility criteria, often based on age, and some have limited places available annually.

You need proof of sufficient funds to support yourself initially. Typically, this involves an original bank statement proving you have at least USD 1,500 (or equivalent) and a return ticket or funds to purchase one.

While in Ireland on a WHA, you can't work for a single employer for more than six months. The primary purpose of your stay should be a holiday, with work being incidental. You can also take short study courses lasting up to six months.

The WHA is generally valid for 12 months from entry into Ireland, except for Canadians who can stay up to two years.

To apply, submit your application form, passport, photos, proof of funds and any other required documents to the relevant embassy or consulate. After approval, register with the Garda National Immigration Bureau within one month of arrival to get your Certificate of Registration.

*Requirements for employment and work permits can change quickly. Always check with your respective embassy or consulate for the latest information.

Everyday life in Ireland is not that different from life in the UK or the United States. As someone from a Western culture, you should be able to adjust to local Irish culture relatively easily.

Ireland’s cities are bustling cosmopolitan centres offering a mix of cuisines and cultures, and the country is well accustomed to foreigners, although it may take some time for you to form lasting friendships with locals.

No matter where you live in Ireland, you are sure to receive céad míle fáilte – ‘one hundred thousand welcomes’.

Socialising in Ireland

As the home of Guinness, pub culture is popular in Ireland. The legal age for alcohol consumption is 18, and alcohol forms a big part of the social and nightlife scene.

You should do your research when looking for a place to eat. There are plenty of fine-dining restaurants in Irish cities, but be aware that not all places serve food, and after a certain time, almost every pub, bar, or club will serve only drinks.

The dress code for a night out depends on the venue. For men, jeans are generally accepted. However, certain places will refuse entry if you are wearing ‘runners’ or tennis shoes. A decent pair of work shoes and a button-up shirt is acceptable almost everywhere. 

Women in Ireland dress to impress, and revealing clothing is seen in all age groups, which could be a slight shock for some. Teenagers tend to dress more provocatively, particularly on St Patrick’s Day, and this can be alarming for those from conservative regions.

Religion in Ireland

Although other religions are present and respected, Ireland is a Catholic country. However, like anywhere, there may be pockets of ignorance and misunderstanding.

If you are visiting or moving to the northern areas of the Republic of Ireland or to Northern Ireland itself, be aware that there is still tension across the borders. Rather than discuss the history of this, just be aware that it can sometimes present itself as ‘Protestants in the North’ and ‘Catholics in the South’.

Present-day Ireland is far removed from its troubled past, but you should educate yourself on the area you are moving to and respect the beliefs of the local population.

Language barrier in Ireland

English is the primary language spoken in Ireland, but Irish or Gaeilge is present in everyday life and can be seen and heard across the country. Public transport stations, announcements, and major road signs will have destinations written in both English and Irish.

Although everyone speaks English, some parts of the country, mainly in the northwest and west of Ireland, are considered Gaeltacht regions and speak Irish. Locals will also speak English as some of these places rely on tourism for revenue, and not all Irish people speak Gaeilge.

Accents in Ireland differ from county to county. This will take some getting used to, particularly if you are going to Kerry, Cork, and some areas of Dublin. Irish people are used to tourists and generally don’t mind repeating themselves if needed.

There will be numerous colloquial references that will also take some getting used to. A book of ‘Irish-isms’ can help.

Manners and hospitality in Ireland

The Irish pride themselves on their generosity and hospitality. This is visible when you are invited to someone’s home, as biscuits and tea are usually provided and sometimes expected.

These manners are less present in shops, food markets, and on public transport. Cutting in line is rare, but gestures like opening doors for others or giving up a seat for a woman aren’t typically seen in the younger generation. Nevertheless, such actions are still appreciated, even if they aren’t entirely expected.

LGBTQ+ in Ireland

Ireland has made significant progress in LGBTQ+ rights. Homosexuality was decriminalised in 1993, and in 2015, Ireland became the first country to legalise same-sex marriage by popular vote. The law also allows transgender people to change their gender without medical intervention legally.

Despite these advancements, challenges persist. LGBTQ+ youth face higher rates of homelessness, and discrimination in the workplace is still a concern. However, cities like Dublin and Cork boast vibrant LGBTQ+ communities, with events like Dublin Pride celebrating diversity and inclusion.

Find out more about LGBTQ+ in Ireland.

Women in Ireland

Ireland has made strides towards gender equality, though issues remain. The gender wage gap was nearly 10 percent in 2022, and women's participation in the workforce is about 60 percent compared to 70 percent for men. Generous maternity and paternity leave policies are in place, yet more measures are needed to encourage equitable workforce participation.

Women hold 23 percent of seats in the Dáil Éireann, reflecting progress in political representation. However, only a few women hold CEO positions in major companies, indicating persistent barriers in the corporate sector. Public attitudes towards gender equality are improving, but conservative views, particularly in rural areas, still exist.

Find out more about Women in Leadership in Ireland.

Irish embassies

• Embassy of Ireland, Washington, DC, United States: +1 202 462 3939
• Embassy of Ireland, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7235 2171
• Embassy of Ireland, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 233 6281
• Embassy of Ireland, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6214 0000
• Embassy of Ireland, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 452 1000
• Embassy of Ireland, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 4 471 2252

Foreign embassies in Ireland

• US Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 668 8777
• British Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 205 3700
• Embassy of Canada, Dublin: +353 1 234 4000
• Australian Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 664 5300
• South African Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 661 5553

You won’t have a problem keeping in touch with family and friends while you're in Ireland, as the standards and variety of internet, telephone, mobile and postal services are generally good.

As a majority English-speaking country, Ireland has plenty of English media, so you can easily keep abreast of news online and through local and international newspapers.

Internet in Ireland

Broadband is available in Ireland’s main cities and towns, including Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway, Waterford, Kilkenny, Sligo, and Letterkenny. Eircom, now known as eir, is a major provider and offers fibre broadband with speeds up to 1Gbps. Providers like Virgin Media and SIRO also offer competitive speeds in these urban areas.

If you live in rural Ireland, getting fast internet can be challenging. Rural areas often rely on slower ADSL, limited fibre options, patchy mobile broadband, or even satellite internet.

Internet options in Ireland include:

• ADSL Broadband: uses a phone line and offers speeds up to 24Mbps, depending on distance from the exchange.
• Fibre Broadband: high-speed fibre-optic cables, offering up to 1Gbps in cities and some rural areas.
• Mobile Broadband: 4G and 5G networks provide wireless internet, with speeds varying by location.
• Satellite Broadband: Available in the most remote areas but with higher latency and possibly lower speeds.

Check internet connectivity before moving to Ireland, especially if your work depends on fast speeds. Coverage can vary significantly by location.

WiFi is widely available in public places like cafés, libraries, and transport hubs, offering a convenient way to stay connected while out and about. Consider using public WiFi to supplement your home internet, especially when travelling or if you experience connectivity issues. Many public spaces offer reliable, high-speed connections free of charge.

Useful links

• eir Broadband
• Virgin Media Ireland
• SIRO Fibre Broadband

Mobile phones in Ireland

The main mobile network providers in Ireland are Vodafone, Three, and eir. Vodafone offers 99 percent 4G population coverage and 5G in select areas. Three provides similar coverage and has 5G available in parts of the country. Eir also boasts 99 percent 4G coverage and 5G in towns and cities across Ireland. All three offer various SIM-only and bill-pay plans.

You can choose from pay-as-you-go packages or a contract. Pay-as-you-go offers flexibility with no fixed monthly costs, making it ideal for light or occasional users. Contracts, on the other hand, give you access to the latest smartphones and allow you to spread the cost over 12 or 24 months. These usually include minutes, texts, and data allowances.

Several mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) in Ireland lease capacity from the main networks. These include 48, An Post Mobile, Clear Mobile, GoMo, Lycamobile, Tesco Mobile, and Virgin Mobile, each offering competitive plans that might suit your needs.

To open a postpaid mobile phone contract in Ireland, you’ll need a valid photo ID, proof of address, and a credit or debit card for automatic payments. The provider will also conduct a credit check; a deposit may be required if you have a poor credit history.

Useful links

• Vodafone Ireland
• Three Ireland
• eir Mobile
• GoMo Ireland

English-language media in Ireland

With English as an official language, accessing media in Ireland is straightforward. National newspapers like The Irish Times, Irish Independent, and Irish Examiner offer comprehensive coverage of local, national, and international news in English. Major television channels such as RTÉ One, RTÉ Two, Virgin Media One, and Virgin Media Two provide a wide range of English-language programming, from news and current affairs to entertainment and sports. National radio stations like RTÉ Radio 1, Today FM and Newstalk are also broadcast primarily in English and cover diverse topics.

Irish, the other national language, is spoken by a minority but is used for signage and in certain media, including TG4, the national Irish-language television channel.

There are five main national television stations in Ireland:

• RTÉ One: offers a mix of news, current affairs, drama, entertainment, and sports programming.
• RTÉ Two: focuses more on entertainment, sports, and content for younger audiences.
• Virgin Media One: provides a range of news, entertainment, and lifestyle programming.
• Virgin Media Two: offers specialised content such as sports, movies, and international programming.
• TG4: provides programming in the Irish language for Irish-speaking communities.

For satellite and cable TV, options include Saorview, Sky Ireland, Virgin Media Ireland, and eir. These offer a variety of Irish and international channels. Saorview is a free-to-air digital terrestrial service, while the others require a subscription.

You must have a TV licence to own a television, whether you use the state-run service or a private satellite or cable provider. The licence fee is collected by An Post and helps fund RTÉ and the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. It can be paid monthly by direct debit or yearly through the post office. Ensure you have a valid TV licence to avoid fines or penalties.

Useful links

• RTÉ
• Virgin Media Television
• TG4
• Saorview

Postal services in Ireland

Postal services in Ireland, provided by An Post, are reliable and efficient. Standard letter mail within Ireland is typically delivered within one to two business days. Parcels sent via An Post's Standard Post service usually arrive within two to three business days. For faster, more secure options, An Post offers Registered Post and Express Post, with next-day delivery available for some items.

International mail delivery times vary by destination, but An Post provides dependable service to most countries.

You can post mail at more than 1,100 An Post branches across Ireland. Freestanding postboxes are widely available in urban areas for depositing letters and small packages. Many businesses, like newsagents and convenience stores, also serve as An Post agents.

Purchasing stamps is easy. You can buy them at any An Post branch, online through the An Post website or mobile app, or from retailers such as newsagents and convenience stores. For businesses or frequent mailers, An Post offers bulk purchasing options.

Useful links

• An Post
• Buy Stamps Online

Ireland, well known for its hospitable and genial people, has a diverse and distinctive culture. Due to the increasing immigrant population, the country is a vibrant blend of various countries, cultures, ethnicities and languages. 

Those who choose to call Ireland home can anticipate encountering this vibrant diversity. Here, we delve into the various facets of diversity and inclusion in Ireland that newcomers might experience.

Accessibility in Ireland

Accessibility in Ireland can vary greatly depending on the region. Urban areas are generally more accessible than rural locations, with public facilities and transport often equipped with features to accommodate individuals with disabilities. Ireland's National Disability Authority is instrumental in guiding these improvements, advocating for universal design and inclusive practices across public services.

Notable cities for accessibility include Dublin and Galway, both of which have invested in improving infrastructure and services for those with disabilities. The government's Accessible Ireland initiative mandates that all new public constructions and significant renovations adhere to strict accessibility guidelines, which has led to more inclusive public spaces and facilities. Service animals are generally welcome on all types of public transport and in public areas.

Public spaces in large cities have been made more accessible through various initiatives. For instance, all of the Luas trams in Dublin are wheelchair accessible, and new buses in the public fleet are all wheelchair friendly. However, expats with disabilities should thoroughly research the specific location they're moving to, as accessibility standards may vary across the country.

Useful resources

• National Disability Authority Ireland
• Transport for Ireland: Accessible Travel Information
• Visit Dublin: Traveller Information

LGBTQ+ in Ireland

Ireland, a country where homosexuality had been illegal until 1993, has made notable advancements in terms of LGBTQ+ rights. While most countries legalise same-sex marriage through legislative or judicial procedures, Ireland made history by being the first country to do so by popular vote. Sexual orientation-based discrimination is prohibited, and since 2015, transgender people have had the legal right to change their gender without medical intervention.

Despite these developments, problems remain. Significant social challenges include issues like LGBTQ+ youth homelessness, with a Focus Ireland report stating that LGBTQ+ youth are disproportionately at risk. Despite legal safeguards, discrimination, particularly in the workplace, is still a problem.

On the other hand, cities like Dublin and Cork are recognised for their thriving LGBTQ+ communities, and celebrations like Dublin Pride are evidence of the country's increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ members.

Further reading

• Nexus Gender and Sexual Orientation Equality Network
• BeLonG To Youth Services

Gender equality in Ireland

Although Ireland has made tremendous progress in recent years towards gender equality, there are still obstacles. For instance, in 2022, the gender wage gap was close to 10 percent, meaning that women made roughly 90 percent of what men made, a rate that was nonetheless somewhat higher than the EU average. Particular industries, such as banking and technology, exhibit this disparity more overtly.

There is a significant gap in the labour force participation rate even though the country provides generous maternity and paternity leave, with mothers eligible for 26 weeks of paid leave and fathers for two weeks. Because approximately 60 percent of women are part of the workforce – versus 70 percent of men – there is a need for measures that encourage more equitable participation.

Reproductive rights have seen landmark changes, with the 2018 referendum that repealed the Eighth Amendment, legalising abortion up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, with exceptions for certain circumstances beyond this timeframe.

Ireland's Equality Act protects against discrimination based on gender, and government initiatives are in place to promote gender balance across public service roles. Public sentiment towards gender equality has also evolved positively, yet some conservative attitudes persist, particularly in rural areas.

Useful resources

• National Women's Council of Ireland

Women in leadership in Ireland

While the representation of women in leadership roles is gradually improving in Ireland, the road ahead is still long. As of 2022, women hold 23 percent of seats in the Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Irish parliament), a considerable increase from just a few decades ago. 

In the corporate sector, progress is slower, with only three in 36 Irish CEOs being women. Despite government initiatives and quotas aimed at boosting female representation, this suggests that deep-rooted societal and organisational barriers might hinder faster progress.

Further reading

• 30% Club: Ireland Chapter
• 50/50 Group

Mental health awareness in Ireland

Irish public healthcare offers mental health services, but due to underfunding and personnel shortages, patients frequently face lengthy wait times. That said, mental health awareness in Ireland has increased significantly recently.

The risks of mental health problems may be exacerbated for expats because they experience additional stressors, such as cultural acclimatisation and isolation from their regular support networks.

The Irish government has introduced the "A Vision for Change" policy, which aims to completely restructure mental health services with a focus on providing person-centred and recovery-oriented care. That said, the implementation of this policy remains incomplete.

Additionally, numerous non-profit organisations are essential to advancing mental health support and understanding in Ireland. Through teaching and outreach programmes, Mental Health Ireland, for instance, actively promotes mental health and well-being. Aware is another non-profit tat provides extensive support to individuals dealing with depression and bipolar disorder.

Useful resources

• Mental Health Ireland
• Aware: Depression Support & Education Services

Unconscious bias education in Ireland

Unconscious bias refers to often unintentional and automatic judgements or stereotypes about people who are different from us. In Ireland, just as in many countries worldwide, there's growing recognition of the impact of unconscious bias in the workplace and society at large, affecting areas such as hiring practices and career progression.

Various governmental and non-profit initiatives are in place to educate and raise awareness about unconscious bias in personal and work conditions. Workplace training programmes on diversity, inclusion and unconscious bias are increasingly common in businesses nationwide.

Further reading

• Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission

Diversification of the workforce in Ireland

As of 2023, foreign workers constitute approximately 18 percent of the Irish workforce, contributing to the richness of the business landscape. Although individuals from Poland and the UK make up substantial portions, the workforce also boasts a broad representation of other nationalities, enhancing Ireland's diversity.

Ireland's companies recognise the advantages of a varied workforce, and many are implementing diversity and inclusion initiatives. These programmes frequently centre on developing a diverse workplace culture that supports equitable chances regardless of a person's gender, ethnicity, handicap, age or sexual orientation.

Accepting a more varied and inclusive workforce has enhanced the corporate environment and stimulated economic progress. A diverse workforce enhances innovation, informed decision-making and a more global outlook within Irish businesses.

Further reading

• Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Ireland

Safety in Ireland

Ireland is generally considered a safe country and has a relatively low crime rate. The country typically ranks well in global safety indices.

For instance, Ireland was rated the third safest country in the world in the 2023 Global Peace Index. Safety in Ireland can, however, vary based on several circumstances, including geography, with urban regions possibly having more crime than rural areas.

The usual safety precautions are advised: stay attentive to personal belongings in public places, avoid walking alone in dark or secluded regions at night, and refrain from providing personal information to strangers. The Gardaí and several community safety initiatives provide safety information and services to residents and tourists.

Although violent crime in Ireland is relatively infrequent compared to global averages, minor crimes such as theft and burglary are more common, particularly in urban areas like Dublin and Cork. Reflecting global trends, cybercrime is also an escalating concern, prompting government actions to counter these threats.

Ireland is considered to have a low risk of terrorism compared to other European countries, largely due to the government's successful counterterrorism initiatives and the accords of peace that have dealt with domestic terrorism. It's always a good idea to be on the lookout, though, especially at large public events.

Useful resources

• Garda Síochána Official Website

Calendar initiatives in Ireland

• January – First Fortnight: a two-week mental health arts festival
• 8 March – International Women's Day
• 21 March – International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
• April – Autism Acceptance Month
• 1 May – International Workers' Day
• May – Bealtaine Festival: celebrates arts and older people
• June – Pride Month: a month-long celebration of the LGBTQ+ community
• June – Traveller Pride Week: a celebration of the Traveller community and their contributions to Irish society
• 9 August – International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
• 10 October – World Mental Health Day
• 20 November – Transgender Day of Remembrance
• 3 December – International Day of Persons with Disabilities
• 10 December – Human Rights Day

A mild, temperate oceanic climate marks the weather in Ireland. Living in Ireland, you will quickly learn that Irish Mist is more than just a whiskey – it's a permanent state of being. Rain is pretty much a constant here, and it can come as a thunderstorm, a soft shower or, commonly, as a fine mist. Although the constant moisture in the air can be bothersome, Ireland's lush, green landscapes are one definite benefit of the copious rainfall.

Temperatures on this small island remain quite moderate, and extremes are a rarity thanks to the mediating effect of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. Summer months settle between 60°F and 70°F (16°C to 21°C) and winter months move between 40°F and 50°F (4°C to 10°C).

Spring is, for the most part, the driest time of year, except in the eastern part of the country. Otherwise, precipitation is at its heaviest in winter and autumn. Snow is not common, but some parts of the country may experience frost.

The weather in Ireland certainly has no drawcard, but the little rainbows that follow short spurts of rainfall and the resultant verdant glades and valleys mean that the climate has its advantages.

Ireland may be small, but it has an enormous amount to offer, including an incredibly rich culture, diverse artistic talent, lively people and gorgeous, lush landscapes.

The ‘Celtic Tiger’, which saw Ireland’s economy and property market boom from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s, took Ireland from one of the EU’s poorer countries to one of the wealthiest. The following recession affected Ireland as severely as any Western country. Still, the country bounced back and experienced an economic boom in the last few years, particularly in light of Brexit regulations that saw a slew of big corporations move their European headquarters to Dublin.

In fact, the Irish capital has become so popular with newcomers since the upturn in the city’s economic prospects that the demand for housing has skyrocketed. This, in turn, drove prices up to an extent where many locals can’t even afford to live in the city anymore. However, despite the pricey cost of living, the quality of life in Ireland remains excellent, and the people, culture and lifestyle outweigh many of life’s difficulties.

Below are some pros and cons of moving to Ireland.

Accommodation in Ireland

+ PRO: Options to suit any budget

Ireland has a wide range of accommodation available to suit any budget. Many metros, especially Dublin, are extremely expensive to live in, but more affordable accommodation is available towards the outskirts of these cities. Conveniently, most places come furnished, with everything from couches, tables, to dressers and usually a new mattress.

Many city dwellers are moving away from metros and into ‘commuter towns’ in surrounding counties. While this often means travel times of up to two hours each way, the financial savings are considerable. If you are looking for somewhere rural, quiet and with a good sense of community, bargains can be had in these areas.

Culture in Ireland

+ PRO: Proximity to Europe

Thanks to its excellent location, Ireland is a perfect launching pad for travelling. Barcelona is two hours away, Rome is three hours away, and for a really short trip, the UK is barely 45 minutes away. If you want to experience other European cultures, Ireland is a fantastic base from which to do that.

- CON: The weather

Ireland’s size and location in the middle of the Atlantic cause frequent variations in weather conditions. It can be sunny, rainy, or a mixture of both at any point in the day. Although it rarely snows in Ireland, if you are unprepared, the perpetual wet weather can definitely be a shock, so it’s essential to have warm jackets and umbrellas on hand regardless of the time of year.

Working and doing business in Ireland

+ PRO: Annual leave

By law, all those who work full-time in Ireland are entitled to 20 days of annual leave. It’s not usually possible to avoid taking leave, and most employers will also award extra days to long-term employees.

Cost of living in Ireland

- CON: Cost of living is high

Everything is priced in euros, and the high demand for accommodation in cities like Dublin drives the cost of living through the roof. Naturally, the further you move from Dublin, the lower the cost of living will be.

Safety in Ireland

+ PRO: Safe with few guns

Ireland is very safe. Guns are illegal unless you own a farm. Naturally, some are smuggled in, and shootings that do occur now and then are hyped up by the media. Compared to the USA, though, gun crime is nearly non-existent, and the annual crime statistics released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) back this up. There are bad areas, like elsewhere, and caution should still be taken.

- CON: Fewer police forces

There is not a sizeable visible police presence, and the response times when they are needed can be slow.

Healthcare in Ireland

+ PRO: Healthcare is accessible

Both private and public healthcare are available in Ireland. The public healthcare system is funded by general taxes. If you require immediate attention, it’s likely that a subsidised fee, depending on age and income, will have to be paid, but the cost should nevertheless be minor. Otherwise, if it is something that can wait, you should expect to go on a waiting list. There are numerous private healthcare providers where you can pay for services such as private rooms and no waiting lists.

- CON: Waiting lists and A&E delays

The waiting lists for medical procedures can be as long as a few weeks. However, expect a delay if you go to emergency care for something non-life-threatening. A standard wait before being treated is between 10 and 14 hours. This obviously deters most people without serious conditions from going to the hospital and is an ongoing source of debate and frustration in Ireland.

Lifestyle in Ireland

+ PRO: Pubs, pubs and more pubs

Ireland doesn’t mess around when it comes to its pubs. Take a walk through any city here, and there will be more pubs per square foot than anything else. Whether you are searching for a small, quiet pub with a handful of patrons or a full-on standing-room-only, shout-over-the-noise pub, Ireland has it all.

- CON: Not much of a social scene without alcohol

The lifestyle in Ireland has incorporated alcohol into its very core. This is great for those who enjoy a drink, but if not, there’s not really much to accommodate. There are, of course, sights to see and things to do all over the country that don’t involve alcohol, and Ireland is famous for its theatres, music, sites, and people. But ultimately, the pub is the number one destination for many locals and newcomers alike.

Getting around in Ireland

+ PRO: Cheap rental cars and plenty of public transport

Ireland’s size makes travelling the country exceedingly easy. Rental cars are incredibly cheap, and buses run between cities, as do trains. Public transport in Ireland is heavily relied on. If you are moving to Ireland, ensure you figure out local train and bus times, as both are readily available.

- CON: Delays and expensive fuel

Ireland is small, and so are its roads. Approximately a third of Ireland’s population lives in Dublin. You can expect the usual traffic associated with any major city, and if you take the inner-city rail line, prepare for daily delays and stoppages in services during rush hour. Petrol in Ireland is generally expensive.

Education in Ireland

+ PRO: High-quality education

Ireland ranks third in Europe in terms of education quality and access. The country’s schools consistently perform well in international assessments, particularly in reading.

- CON: Competitive admissions

Admissions to popular schools can be highly competitive. When applying, it’s essential to consider the school’s reputation, curriculum, and proximity to home.

+ PRO: Strong public school system

Public primary schools are state-funded and do not charge fees. They provide excellent education, with options for teaching in English or Irish (Gaelscoileanna).

Transport and driving in Ireland are not without challenges, but you'll generally find the public transport system efficient and the road networks well-maintained. While the rest of Europe drives on the right-hand side of the road, in Ireland, you’ll be driving on the left. 

This is a holdover from British rule and can be a bit tricky if you’re not used to it. In Irish vehicles, the driver’s seat is on the right, which may take some getting used to, especially when turning or navigating roundabouts.

Dublin and other major cities boast modern transport networks, but some areas of Ireland have infrastructure that might feel a bit dated. Still, you won't have much trouble getting around. Ireland’s public transport network, although not perfect, is more comprehensive than what you’ll find in many other countries.

Driving in Dublin can be congested, with frequent delays. Consider using public transport or walking within the city.

Public transport in Ireland

Trains

Ireland has a punctual and comfortable rail network that connects most major towns and cities, including Dublin, Cork, Galway, and Limerick. It’s an affordable option if you plan ahead. Booking tickets online can save you up to 50 percent of your fare.

Dublin is connected to its suburbs by the DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit) and to surrounding counties by commuter rail services. Both options are great if you live outside Dublin but work in the city.

Recent upgrades and expansions, like the Cork City rail upgrade and new trains for the Dublin-Belfast route, promise even better service in the future.

Buses

Ireland has an extensive city and intercity bus network. Buses serving remote areas may not run on Sundays and can experience delays in winter. Regular rural bus services, operated by TFI Local Link, run on fixed routes between towns and villages.

Bus Éireann is the main national bus service, complemented by other operators like Dublin Bus. The Leap Card, a reloadable prepaid travel card, can be used on Bus Éireann, Dublin Bus and some private operators, making it easy to navigate routes. Bus Éireann’s Expressway service is similar to the rail network and also serves airports.

Useful links

• Irish Rail
• Dublin Bus
• Bus Éireann
• Transport for Ireland

Taxis in Ireland

It’s quite easy to hail a taxi in Ireland: just look out for the distinctive yellow and blue signage. You can hail one from the street, get one at a taxi rank, call for one or order via an app. All taxis are metered, and fares are among the highest in Europe. Dublin’s standard fare is pricier than in cities like London in the UK and Paris in France but cheaper than Zurich, Switzerland.

Taxis are plentiful in city centres but can be harder to find in smaller towns or rural areas. In these places, ask locals for recommendations on the best taxi companies.

Ride-hailing services, including Uber, FREE NOW and Bolt, are available. Uber operates only with registered taxi drivers, as private cars aren’t permitted.

Useful links

• Uber Ireland
• FREE NOW Ireland
• Bolt Dublin

Driving in Ireland

Dublin’s roads are among Europe’s safest. The city features extensive traffic-calming measures, widespread roundabouts, dedicated bus and cycle lanes, and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. Outside the city, drivers are generally courteous.

You don’t need a car if you live in cities like Dublin, Cork or Galway. These cities have extensive public transport networks and are easy to navigate on foot. In the countryside, a car may be necessary due to limited public transport.

Country driving can be challenging. Roads are narrow, winding and sometimes unmarked. Livestock, lack of street lighting and poor road conditions add to the difficulty. In summer, thick hedgerows can obscure bends. The best advice is to keep left and drive slowly.

You can drive in Ireland with a valid foreign licence for up to 12 months. After that, you must apply for an Irish licence. Ireland has exchange agreements with many countries, including EU nations, allowing easy conversion without testing. 

If you're from a country that has no exchange agreement with Ireland, you will have to go through several steps to obtain an Irish driving licence. First, you must pass a theoretical test, apply for a learner's permit, complete an Essential Driver Training (EDT) course, pass a practical driving test, and finally apply for a local driving licence. 

Useful links

• National Driver Licence Service

Cycling in Ireland

For the eco-conscious, cycling in Ireland is a fantastic option. Dublin boasts over 186 miles (300km) of dedicated cycle lanes, placing it among the top European cities for cycling. The Greater Dublin Area Cycle Network Plan aims to expand and connect the cycling infrastructure further.

Outside the capital, there are plenty of scenic routes. The Ring of the Reeks is a 68-mile (110km) loop through the stunning MacGillycuddy's Reeks mountains. The Tralee to Dingle route offers 84 miles (135km) of breathtaking coastal views. Killarney National Park provides 17 miles (27km) of family-friendly paths, and the famous Ring of Kerry, a 111-mile (179km) route, showcases Ireland's dramatic southwest coastline.

Other cities, such as Cork, Galway and Limerick, are also investing in cycling infrastructure, promoting a shift towards sustainable mobility.

Useful links

• Cycling in Ireland
• Dublin Cycling Campaign
• Cork Cycling Campaign

Air travel in Ireland

Dublin Airport is the largest in Ireland, handling millions of passengers annually. It offers connectivity to numerous destinations across Europe and North America. Other major airports include Shannon, Cork, and Ireland West Airport Knock.

Several factors have disrupted air travel in the recent past, including a pay dispute with Aer Lingus pilots, which led to numerous flight cancellations and affected thousands of passengers. Looking ahead, Dublin Airport is planning a new runway and terminal expansions to meet growing passenger demand. 

Shannon and Cork airports are also investing in infrastructure upgrades. These developments aim to enhance the capacity and connectivity of Ireland's air transport network.

If you plan on doing business in Ireland, you can look forward to a welcoming and friendly work environment.

An active member of the European Union, Ireland is viewed by many foreign companies as a gateway to the European market. Numerous multinational firms have offices in Ireland, particularly in Dublin, the country’s commercial and economic centre.

Most expats work in one of the major industries in Ireland, which include business services, finance, IT, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry.

Fast facts

Business hours

The workweek in Ireland is Monday to Friday, and office hours are generally from 9am to 5.30pm, with an hour-long lunch break.

Business language

English is the main language of business in Ireland.

Dress

Traditional corporate environments like finance and law typically require dark suits and formal attire, while creative industries such as media and tech often embrace smart casual dress codes. The public sector typically leans towards business casual, especially for non-client-facing roles.

Gifts

Gifts are not usually part of Irish business, but flowers, chocolates, or a good bottle of wine or spirits are appropriate if invited to an Irish associate's house.

Greeting

A firm handshake and direct eye contact are appropriate greetings with Irish associates.

Gender equality

While men still dominate the business arena in terms of senior positions, women are treated equally, and many women hold high positions in Irish business and political circles.

Business culture in Ireland

Humour

Although the business culture in Ireland is generally conservative, the Irish are known for being modest and having a good sense of humour. Jokes and teasing are a part of general conversation, and this can extend to business meetings as a way to build rapport and avoid conflict. Expats may struggle to reconcile Irish humour with the professional environment but should take it in the good spirit in which it is intended.

Hierarchy

Business structures in Ireland are hierarchical. Decisions are usually made at the top, but the division between managers and subordinates can sometimes be blurred. Irish businesspeople are often less formal and more friendly than their European counterparts.

Meetings

Business meetings can be unstructured, and it’s not unusual to conduct them outside the office – in a coffee shop or even over a pint of Guinness at the pub. Many business interactions also take place on the golf course.

Networking and establishing good rapport is important in Irish business, and expats should allow for small talk before negotiations officially begin. Polite conversation can centre on Irish culture and sport, but politics and religion should be avoided. Once negotiations start, the meeting should be focused on business, and the conversation should be direct and to the point.

Avoid being loud or arrogant in your interactions, as this may be met with suspicion. Professional titles are not prevalent in Irish business culture, and titles will not automatically command respect. It’s not unusual to move to a first-name basis with Irish associates fairly soon, but you should wait for your Irish colleagues to invite you to do so first.

Time

The Irish have a reputation for being shrewd negotiators. They prefer systematic procedures and a relaxed sense of time, meaning that decision-making can be a slow process. While an expat’s hosts may be late for business or social engagements, they should always be punctual out of respect.

Family and religion

Family forms an integral part of Irish culture. Many businesses are family-owned and business in Ireland is often based on whom a person knows, making relationships integral to success in the workplace. Although much less than it used to, religion also plays an important role in Irish culture. Most of the population grew up in a Catholic home, deeply influencing Ireland’s cultural values and social norms.

Dos and don’ts of business in Ireland

• Don’t refer to the Republic of Ireland as part of the United Kingdom, and don’t refer to Northern Ireland as part of the Republic of Ireland. These are two completely different political entities, and this is a sensitive subject.
• Don’t talk about religious matters
• Do exchange business cards when meeting with Irish associates
• Do maintain eye contact when speaking to Irish associates. This is seen as a sign of respect, and avoiding eye contact may be viewed with suspicion.

The standard of education and schools in Ireland is high. Education is compulsory for children from ages 6 to 16. Your children are eligible to attend local Irish schools, just like any other child in Ireland.

Education in Ireland consists of publicly funded schools, known as national schools at the primary level and secondary schools at the secondary level, as well as private schools. Irish schools include religious schools, non-denominational schools, and schools that teach the national curriculum in Gaelic.

The main language of instruction at Irish schools is English. Gaelic classes are part of the local curriculum, but your children are not required to learn the language.

National and secondary schools in Ireland

The quality of education at publicly funded schools in Ireland is high. You may be perfectly happy to enrol your children in these schools. Public school education is free, but you are usually expected to pay for uniforms, books and extracurricular activities.

Public schools in Ireland are known for their high academic standards and strong exam performance. They offer caring, nurturing environments that support student well-being. Although costs can vary, the availability of extracurricular activities is a plus.

All publicly funded schools follow the Irish national curriculum. The Irish public schooling system is exam-focused, which may be challenging for your children to adjust to. To support students, post-primary schools have student support teams that coordinate help from different departments and provide pathways for referrals to external services when necessary.

Useful links

• Your Child's Education: Department of Education
• Citizens Information: Education

Private schools in Ireland

There are numerous private schools in Ireland, many of which are located in Dublin. These schools are privately funded and operate independently of state control regarding curriculum and daily management.

Many private schools have religious affiliations, predominantly Catholic, while some teach in Gaelic. Dublin's private schools stand out for their strong focus on extracurricular activities like sports, music and arts, reflecting the city's affluent environment. They also tend to attract a more diverse student body, including international students, offering valuable cultural exposure.

Private schools in Ireland generally follow the national curriculum but often supplement it with additional subjects such as foreign languages, philosophy, economics, or entrepreneurship.

While private education in Ireland is costly, with tuition and additional expenses adding up significantly, the benefits include smaller class sizes, more individualised attention and stronger university and career connections. These schools also have closer ties to elite networks, offering potential advantages for future career opportunities. That said, the high costs and potential for social segregation are drawbacks to consider.

Useful links

• Private Schools: Department of Education

International schools in Ireland

Numerous international schools in Ireland specifically cater to foreign nationals. These schools offer curricula like the International Baccalaureate (IB) and provide instruction primarily in English, which benefits non-native speakers. Most of these schools are located in Dublin and offer various IB programmes, fostering critical thinking, intercultural understanding and multilingualism.

International schools in Ireland are known for their cultural diversity and inclusion, creating an environment where students from different backgrounds can thrive. They also offer support for English language learners to help them succeed academically.

Admission to these schools is competitive, often requiring entrance assessments, interviews, and the submission of transcripts and recommendations. Long waiting lists are common due to high demand, limited capacity and the growing expat population. It's advisable to apply as early as possible.

Tuition fees at international schools can be steep. Consider negotiating with your employer to include tuition fee coverage in your compensation package to offset these costs. Emphasise the importance of international education for your children's future, and highlight the common practice of providing this perk for expatriate employees.

Useful links

• International Schools: Department of Education

Special-needs education in Ireland

In Ireland, all children with disabilities have the constitutional right to free education up to the age of 18. This right is implemented through a hybrid model that includes mainstream classes, special classes within mainstream schools and specialised special schools. The aim is to provide the most inclusive and suitable educational setting for each child's needs.

In mainstream schools, inclusive practices are common. These include dedicated special education teachers, special-needs assistants (SNAs) and sensory rooms. Schools also use differentiated teaching methods and curriculum adaptations to cater to diverse learning needs. The goal is to integrate students with disabilities into the mainstream environment as much as possible.

There are several special schools in Ireland, mainly in Dublin, catering to various disabilities. These include schools for intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, physical disabilities, sensory impairments and emotional and behavioural difficulties. Special schools have smaller class sizes, highly trained staff and tailored facilities to meet the complex needs of their students.

Special schools use individualised education plans, multidisciplinary teams, assistive technologies and vocational training to support students. This holistic, student-centred approach aims to enable each child to reach their full potential.

Useful links

• Support for Pupils with Special Educational Needs: Department of Education
• Citizens Information: Special Education Needs Services

Tutors in Ireland

When arriving in Ireland, your child may feel overwhelmed by the unfamiliar surroundings. A dedicated tutor can provide not only academic support but also help them settle in and build confidence. English language tutors are particularly valuable for children who are not fluent in English.

Tutors in Ireland are highly qualified, often holding degrees in English, maths, sciences, and languages. Many have teaching experience and are Garda-vetted for child safety. They can offer one-on-one attention tailored to your child's needs, helping them progress academically while adjusting to their new environment.

Tutors also assist in easing the transition to a new school system and culture, acting as mentors and guides. They help build your child's confidence, making the adjustment smoother and less stressful.

Top tutoring agencies in Ireland cover various subjects and age groups. They offer support in primary and secondary school subjects, exam preparation, special-needs education and extracurricular activities like music and sports. Some leading agencies include First Tutors Ireland and Home Tutors Ireland.

Useful links

• First Tutors Ireland
• Home Tutors Ireland

Whether you are heading to Ireland for holiday or business, some nationals need to acquire the relevant visa. To ensure a smooth transition, familiarise yourself with the various visas for Ireland and understand what is necessary to enter the Republic legally.

Visa regulations for Ireland can change periodically, so stay updated by checking the Irish Immigration Service website for the latest requirements. This site is your primary source for visa information, application processes and regulation changes. Irish embassies and consulates also provide region-specific details on visa requirements.

Short Stay C Visas for Ireland

Planning a trip to Ireland? Whether you're visiting for business or leisure, some travellers need a visa. Familiarising yourself with the various visa requirements for a hassle-free journey is crucial.

While Ireland is an EU member, it's not part of the Schengen Area. This means you can't use a Schengen visa to enter Ireland. Nationals from EU and EEA member states, Switzerland, the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others can visit Ireland without a visa.

If you hold a valid UK visa, you might enter Ireland without an Irish visa under the Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme or the British-Irish Visa Scheme. This applies to nationals from countries like China, India, Thailand, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine and more. Ensure your UK visa is valid and check specific requirements with your Irish embassy or consulate.

Short Stay C Visas for Ireland allow visits up to 90 days for purposes such as tourism, business meetings, attending conferences, visiting family or friends and medical treatment. However, these visas do not permit employment or long-term study in Ireland.

For a smooth transition, follow these steps:

• check if you need a visa based on your nationality, and gather all required documents, such as a valid passport, proof of accommodation and proof of sufficient funds
• submit your visa application through the Irish Immigration Service or at an Irish Embassy or Consulate
• plan your travel, including booking flights and accommodation in advance, and research Irish customs and laws to ease your transition.

Useful links

• Irish Immigration Service: Visiting Ireland
• Department of Foreign Affairs: Visas for Ireland
• GOV.UK: Check if you need a UK visa

Long Stay D Visas for Ireland

If you are not from the EU/EEA, the UK, or Switzerland and want to stay in Ireland for over three months, you will need a Long Stay D Visa. This visa is necessary if you intend to work, study, or join family in Ireland. You must also prove you have enough funds to support yourself during your stay.

To apply for a Long Stay D Visa, you need the following documents:

• a completed visa application form
• a valid passport
• passport-sized photos
• proof of accommodation
• health insurance coverage
• evidence of the purpose of your stay (like an employment contract or acceptance letter from a school)
• a police clearance certificate

We encourage you to have all your documents in English or have certified translations.

If you are planning to work in Ireland, first secure a job offer. Then, apply for an employment permit from the Department of Enterprise, Trade, and Employment (DETE). With your employment permit, apply for the Long Stay D Visa. Once in Ireland, you must register with the Irish Immigration Service (IIS) and apply for a residence permit.

Upon arrival, register with the immigration authorities before your visa expires. Book an appointment at a nearby immigration office, attend it and apply for an Irish Residence Permit (IRP). You will need your passport, visa, photos, and proof of address for this process. The IRP allows you to stay in Ireland legally for the duration of your visa.

Useful links

• Irish Immigration Service: Study in Ireland
• DETE: Employment Permits

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and you should contact your respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Ireland, one of the most beautiful countries in Europe, offers all manner of lovely accommodation options, and the type of housing largely depends on the city or county you settle in. Whether you're looking for a country home, a beachside cottage or a modern city apartment, you have a range of accommodation types to choose from, the specifics of which will often come down to your lifestyle and location of employment.

Most people living in Ireland rent accommodation rather than buy. That said, it is worth considering buying a property if you plan to live in Ireland for the long term.

When looking for accommodation in Ireland, it is important to consider a property’s proximity to work, good schools and public transport, especially in the larger cities. Public schools in Ireland generally give priority to children in their catchment areas. Since places are frequently limited, you should try to secure accommodation close to a particular school if you want to send your children there.

It is also worth noting that in Irish cities, as in most major cities around the world, the further away from public transport a property is, the cheaper it is.

Types of accommodation in Ireland

With housing costs continuing to rise in Ireland, particularly in Dublin, you'll contend with the low supply and high demand for accommodation.

In cities like Dublin and Cork, the most common types of accommodation are apartments and semi-detached row houses. Freestanding houses are more common in towns and villages. Older homes and apartments are usually more spacious. Rental prices drop as you move away from the city centre.

Many younger people and students opt for house shares. They have their own bedroom but share the common living areas of an apartment or house. This is especially popular in high-cost areas like Dublin city centre and student-heavy neighbourhoods such as Rathmines in Dublin and Western Road in Cork.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Most apartments and houses in Dublin and other cities come fully furnished. This includes couches, tables, dressers, and kitchen appliances. Furnished rentals are more common in urban areas and often cost 10 to 20 percent more per month than unfurnished accommodations.

Unfurnished rentals are generally cheaper but require you to provide all furniture and appliances. Some landlords offer the option of renting either furnished or unfurnished, allowing you to choose based on your preferences and budget.

Short lets

Short lets are available, providing flexibility if you need temporary accommodation. These can be found through estate agents and specialised short-term rental websites. They are ideal for business travellers or those in Ireland for a short duration.

Useful links

• Airbnb: Short-term Rentals
• VRBO: Vacation Rentals

Finding accommodation in Ireland

There are plenty of websites that advertise housing in Ireland. The most popular ones are Daft.ie and Rent.ie, which cover rentals nationwide. For short-term stays, you can check Airbnb and VRBO. Many universities also have accommodation portals for student housing.

Online rental sites like Daft.ie and Rent.ie are the most effective methods for finding rentals, especially in urban areas. Estate agents are also commonly used, particularly for higher-end properties. They offer services like finding tenants and property management but charge fees. These fees typically range from 6 to 10 percent of the annual or monthly rent, plus VAT. Some agents may charge a flat fee instead.

Newspaper ads, notice boards and word-of-mouth are less common but can still be useful, especially for finding rooms in shared houses. Local supermarkets often have noticeboards where property rentals are advertised.

Useful links

• Daft.ie
• Rent.ie
• MyHome.ie
• Property.ie

Renting accommodation in Ireland

Making an application

Once you've found a potential new home in Ireland, submit your application promptly. Landlords typically require a completed rental application form, proof of identity, proof of income and references from previous landlords or employers. You'll also need to provide bank statements to show you can afford the rent. Expect background and credit checks.

Deposits

In Ireland, a rental deposit usually equals one month's rent and must be paid upfront. The deposit is held by the landlord or their agent and returned at the end of the tenancy, barring any rent arrears, unpaid bills or damages beyond normal wear and tear. Always get a signed receipt for your deposit payment.

Leases

You'll typically choose between fixed-term and periodic tenancies. A fixed-term tenancy lasts for a set period, typically 12 to 24 months, and can only be terminated under specific conditions with proper notice. A periodic tenancy continues indefinitely after the fixed term and can be terminated by either party with appropriate notice.

Common tenancy terms include rent reviews once a year, tenant responsibilities like maintaining the property and paying bills on time, and landlord duties such as providing a safe, habitable environment and respecting your right to quiet enjoyment.

Useful links

• Citizens Information: Renting a Home
• Residential Tenancies Board

Utilities in Ireland

The first thing you should know about utilities in Ireland is that there’s no such thing. Gas, water, electricity and refuse services are referred to as 'the bills'. Mentioning 'utilities' might get you some blank stares.

Electricity

The Electricity Supply Board remains the main electricity provider in Ireland, but there's growing competition from companies like Bord Gáis Energy and Electric Ireland. The standard voltage is 230V AC. Costs vary based on usage, with off-peak rates being around 30 percent cheaper than peak rates.

Gas

Gas is commonly used for cooking and heating. It's supplied via an underground pipe network managed by Gas Networks Ireland. You can choose your gas provider, with options including Bord Gáis Energy, Flogas and Energia. This allows you to shop around for the best rates.

Water

Domestic water services are provided by Uisce Éireann (Irish Water). Currently, there are no direct water charges for households, but an 'Excess Use Charge' is planned for late 2024 for those who exceed an annual allowance. This charge will encourage the conservation and efficient use of water resources.

Bins and recycling

Waste collection services are typically provided by private companies, with costs varying by region. The average cost for weekly refuse collection is under EUR 50 per month. Recycling services are widely available, with most households accessing kerbside collection for common recyclables like paper, cardboard, plastic, and glass. It's also possible to visit recycling depots and landfills, but this can be inconvenient.

Internet

Ireland has several major broadband providers, including Eir, Virgin Media, Sky, and Vodafone. They offer a range of plans and speeds. Average broadband speeds are around 100 Mbps. Fibre-optic broadband is becoming more widely available, especially in urban areas, providing faster speeds at higher price points.

Read more about Irish internet and telecommunications in Keeping in Touch in Ireland.

Useful links

• Electric Ireland
• Bord Gáis Energy
• Uisce Éireann (Irish Water)
• MyWaste

In recent years, Ireland has become one of Europe's unlikely success stories. A picturesque island west of the UK with lush landscapes and rugged, stormy coasts, Ireland's natural beauty is unparalleled. Many expats are moving to Ireland not only because of its incredible scenery but also because of its recent economic growth and excellent standards of living.

Living in Ireland as an expat

The Emerald Isle, as it is sometimes poetically called, is home to roughly 5 million people – almost half the population of New York City. Although infamous for its perpetually inclement weather, Ireland's cloudy forecasts don’t detract from the attractions of a country that boasts an impressive natural aesthetic and values a relaxed way of life.

A host of multinational companies that arrived during the country's economic boom of recent years brought with them a sizeable expat population. Many American and British expats are flocking to the country for its abundant business opportunities and available jobs.

Cost of living in Ireland

The huge influx of foreigners does mean that the demand for housing and amenities has spiked dramatically, resulting in a sharp rise in the country's, and especially Dublin's, cost of living. Prices in Ireland's capital, Dublin, are comparable to major cities like Frankfurt in Germany and Helsinki in Finland. 

Accommodation and utilities in Ireland will be the biggest expenses, while entertainment will be another cost expats must budget for. Expats looking to live outside the city centre may also need to invest in a car, which comes with additional costs like petrol, maintenance, and insurance. 

Families and children in Ireland

If you move to Ireland, you can expect excellent healthcare services and a good education for your children. Public schools in Ireland are free to all residents, including foreign residents, and many expats choose to send their children to public schools rather than expensive private and international schools.

Families will be spoilt for choice when it comes to entertainment, particularly in Dublin, where there are museums, zoos and parks aplenty.

Climate in Ireland

It's safe to say that Ireland's climate is not one of its selling points – but most expats feel that, with so much else to offer, Ireland's rainy weather doesn't put too much of a dampener on life in the Emerald Isle.

Ultimately, the upsides of living here far outweigh the downsides. Not only is it a lovely country to call home, but its convenient location makes it an excellent base for exploring the rest of Europe.

Fast facts

Population: About 5.1 million

Capital city: Dublin

Neighbouring countries: The Republic of Ireland is situated on an island to the west of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, is on the island's north side.

Geography: The coast of Ireland is rugged and mountainous, while the central area of the island consists of flat plains.

Political system: Unitary parliamentary republic

Major religions: Christianity

Main languages: English and Irish

Money: The Euro (EUR), divided into 100 cents. ATMs and card services are readily available throughout the country.

Tipping: 10 to 15 percent in restaurants for good service, unless gratuity has already been added to the bill.

Time: GMT+0 (GMT+1 from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October)

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. Three-pronged plugs with flat blades are standard.

International dialling code: +353

Emergency contacts: 112 or 999

Internet domain: .ie

Transport and driving: Ireland has a comprehensive public transport system, with buses being the most popular form of public transport. Driving is on the left-hand side of the road.

Moving to Ireland, you will undoubtedly have questions about your new home. Below are the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about life on the Emerald Isle. 

Is Ireland safe?

Yes, Ireland is very safe. Like in most major cities, there are certain areas in Dublin where you should be careful about walking at night. Otherwise, you shouldn't be overly concerned with the presence of serious crime.

Is it always rainy in Ireland?

It is often rainy in Ireland, but not always. The weather is worst in January and December, but it rains throughout the year. Despite being at a high longitude, snow is not very common, and Dublin is less rainy than much of Ireland. The good news is that all the rain keeps Ireland famously green.

Is it easy to travel to mainland Europe or Britain from Ireland?

Yes, travel is easy. You can use a low-cost airline to travel from Ireland to almost everywhere in Europe. Several ferry lines also connect Britain and Ireland.

Will I need a car in Ireland?

Not necessarily, especially in the larger cities, many of which have excellent public transport networks. However, if you're living in rural areas, you might find yourself more isolated and require a car to get around.

What is the cost of living like in Ireland?

The cost of living in Ireland can be high, particularly in cities like Dublin. Rent, utilities, and groceries can be pricier than in some other European countries. That said, salaries often reflect these costs, and many expats find the quality of life worth the expense.

How is the healthcare system in Ireland?

Ireland has a robust healthcare system. Although many expats opt for private health insurance to avoid longer waiting times, public healthcare is available in Ireland. The quality of care is high, and there are many hospitals and clinics throughout the country.

What is the education system like in Ireland?

The education system in Ireland is excellent, with a range of public and private schools available. Higher education is also highly regarded, with several universities that attract international students. English is the primary language of instruction, which makes it easier for expat children to adapt.

What is the job market like in Ireland?

Ireland has a thriving job market, especially in industries like technology, pharmaceuticals, and finance. Dublin is a major hub for multinational companies, offering numerous opportunities for skilled professionals. Networking and local job portals can be very useful for finding job openings.

What cultural activities can I enjoy in Ireland?

Ireland is rich in cultural activities. You can enjoy traditional Irish music, dance, and festivals throughout the year. The country is also known for its literary heritage, with many museums, theatres and historic sites to explore. Outdoor enthusiasts will love the scenic landscapes and numerous hiking trails.

With an established financial sector, banking and taxes in Ireland are similar to those of the UK and the USA. Regardless of where you are, taxes can quickly become complicated, even more so in unfamiliar surroundings. We therefore recommend that expats hire a tax expert.

The biggest banks in Ireland are traditionally Bank of Ireland, Allied Irish Banks, Danske Bank and Ulster Bank. Many multinational banks also have branches in Ireland, which can be useful for serial expats or those who already have an account with the same bank back home.

Currency in Ireland

As part of the European Union, Ireland's official currency is the Euro (EUR), which is divided into 100 cents.

• Notes: 5 EUR, 10 EUR, 20 EUR, 50 EUR, 100 EUR, 200 EUR and 500 EUR
• Coins: 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents, and 1 EUR and 2 EUR

Banking in Ireland

The major banks in Ireland offer a wide range of services and popular and easy-to-use internet banking options.

Opening a bank account

It is easier to open a bank account in Ireland in person than trying to open one before arriving. To open an account, expats will need at least their passport and proof of address, but each bank will have its own requirements. The account can take some time to activate, so you should plan to keep your money elsewhere while this process is being completed.

ATMs and credit cards

ATMs are widely available in Irish towns and cities, and it is possible to use a foreign card at most ATMs. Credit cards are widely accepted nationwide, although card facilities and ATMs may be limited in more remote areas.

Taxes in Ireland

Tax status in Ireland depends on an expat's residency status. If you're a foreigner living in Ireland for 183 days or more in a tax year or for 280 days over two consecutive tax years, you're considered a tax resident.

Irish residents pay tax on income derived from both inside and outside Ireland. In contrast, non-residents only pay tax on income earned within the country.

Everyone in Ireland pays a standard rate of 20 percent on their taxable income up to a certain amount, which depends on whether the person is single, married or a single parent. Everything earned above the cut-off point is taxed at 40 percent.

Ireland has tax treaties with most countries, but there are many legal loopholes and idiosyncrasies involved that a professional can best work out.

Ireland actively recruits skilled expat professionals to bridge significant skills gaps in its workforce. Industries such as science, engineering, ICT, finance, and healthcare are always on the lookout for talent.

As an EU citizen, you can work in Ireland without a work permit and typically find employment more smoothly. If you're from outside the EU, securing an Irish work permit will be essential, often linked to roles on the Critical Skills Occupations List.

With challenges linked to entrepreneurship, most expat professionals find opportunities with established companies or start-ups, typically part of Ireland's vibrant corporate expansion into major cities.

Job market in Ireland

Hiring expat professionals is considered strategically useful for specific industries in Ireland. Your expertise could be crucial for sectors such as technology, pharmaceuticals, financial services and construction in Ireland. These industries are keen on filling roles like software developers, engineers, accountants and more, tapping into the global talent pool.

Dublin, a bustling tech hub, has seen an influx of job opportunities, particularly in tech start-ups and multinational companies. This dynamic city could be your next career destination, offering roles that span diverse skill sets and languages.

Note that some jobs in Ireland are not open to foreign workers without exceptional circumstances, such as administrative positions, domestic work, retail work and various craftworkers, including electricians, builders, and mechanics.

Finding a job in Ireland

Every profession in Ireland is linked to a regulatory association, making these bodies an excellent starting point in your job hunt. Beyond associations, dive into online job portals and leverage networks like LinkedIn, which is particularly effective. Keep an eye on adverts in local news outlets and connect with employment agencies. Don’t forget to explore company websites for direct listings in your field.

With major global companies increasingly setting up shop in Ireland, opportunities are ripe across industries like technology, finance, and pharmaceuticals. Dublin, in particular, offers a vibrant job market bustling with prospects for savvy professionals.

Useful links

• Jobs.ie
• IrishJobs.ie

Work culture in Ireland

Working in Ireland, you'll appreciate a well-balanced lifestyle, with workdays typically starting at 9am and wrapping up by 5.30pm. Expect a 39-hour week from Monday to Friday, designed to ensure ample personal time.

The Irish work culture is known for its emphasis on work-life balance, with flexible working arrangements increasingly common, thanks to recent legislation. This approach supports a thriving professional environment where both productivity and leisure are valued. Ireland’s legal framework further enriches this balance through generous leave policies and rights to remote work, setting the stage for a fulfilling career and life.

Healthcare in Ireland is modern, safe and among the best in the world. If you are living in Ireland, you usually qualify for free or subsidised public health services, which the government funds.

Ireland's two-tier system means you can choose to use either the government-funded public healthcare system or the private system, for which fees must be paid in full.

Public healthcare in Ireland

Public hospitals in Ireland are either owned and funded by the HSE or are voluntary public hospitals that may be privately operated but are funded by the government. Some notable public hospitals include St. James's Hospital and Beaumont Hospital in Dublin.

The public system provides high-quality care comparable to private hospitals but is often overbooked. Waiting lists can be long, even for urgent operations, making it a significant concern for many residents.

You can access publicly funded healthcare if you are classified as 'ordinarily resident' in Ireland. To be ordinarily resident, you must have been a tax resident for three consecutive years. Public in-patient and day service fees were abolished in April 2023. However, public healthcare is not entirely free. 

Patients without a Medical Card may have to pay subsidised fees based on income, age, illness, or disability. For instance, there's a EUR 100 charge for attending emergency departments without a GP referral, though recent reforms have abolished many in-patient and day service fees.

Useful links

• Citizens Information on Health System in Ireland
• Government of Ireland Health Information
• HSE Services

Private healthcare in Ireland

Private hospitals in Ireland operate independently of the state, requiring patients to cover the full cost of treatment. Costs for common procedures can vary significantly. We recommend negotiating a healthcare subsidy with your employer or ensuring your salary can cover private health insurance costs.

Compared to other EU countries, private healthcare in Ireland tends to be pricier. Despite the higher costs, private healthcare offers faster access to treatment, avoiding the long waiting lists of the public system. The quality of care is generally high, with private hospitals often providing more luxurious facilities and amenities.

Many employers offer private health insurance as a fully or partially subsidised benefit. This perk can include dental and optical coverage, health screenings, wellness programmes, and mental health support.

Private healthcare is also available in public hospitals through private beds. Choosing private care in a public hospital offers faster treatment, access to private rooms, choice of consultant and shorter waiting times for elective procedures. However, you will still receive care from the same medical staff as public patients and may incur additional costs depending on your insurance coverage.

Health insurance in Ireland

If you don't qualify for a Medical Card, there are other options for free or subsidised care. The GP Visit Card, for instance, covers GP visits and out-of-hours services. To qualify, your income must be below certain thresholds, or you must belong to specific groups like children under eight or those over 70. The Long-Term Illness Scheme offers free drugs and medical appliances for 16 specific conditions, requiring no means test.

Despite the availability of subsidised treatment, many Irish citizens and expats opt for private health insurance. This allows you to receive immediate treatment and access additional services like private hospital rooms and specialist care. Check if Irish private hospitals accept an overseas provider before signing up. Many employers offer private health insurance as a benefit, so it's worth negotiating this into your employment package.

Useful links

• HSE Long-Term Illness Scheme
• Health Insurance Authority

Pharmacies and medicines in Ireland

Pharmacies are widely available in Irish towns and cities. In urban areas, many pharmacies stay open late, with some Lloyds Pharmacy locations open until 10pm. In rural areas, pharmacies typically close early in the evening and may have limited weekend hours.

Prescription medications are free for those with a Medical Card. If you are ordinarily resident in Ireland, you can apply for the Drugs Payment Scheme (DPS). This scheme ensures you pay at most a set amount per month for approved medications, with the government covering any additional costs.

Useful links

• HSE Drugs Payment Scheme
• Citizens Information on DPS

Vaccinations for Ireland

Routine vaccinations are recommended for everyone in Ireland, including measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella and polio. Flu shots and the Covid-19 vaccine are also recommended.

Vaccines are free for everyone, including expats. You can get vaccinated at pharmacies, doctor's offices and vaccination clinics. There's no specific vaccination programme for new residents, but expats have the same access to vaccines as Irish citizens.

Useful links

• HSE Immunisation

Emergency services in Ireland

Both public and private hospitals have Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments for serious emergencies. You can dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance in an emergency. Patients without a Medical Card may be charged for A&E services.

You will find plenty of shipping and removal services to Ireland, particularly to Dublin. The large marketplace of competition can often help with lowering prices, so make sure to get more than one quote.

Shipping goods to Ireland

When moving to Ireland, you have several shipping and removal options. For larger household moves, sea freight is the most cost-effective, with four to six weeks transit times from places like South Africa. If you need smaller shipments or urgent items, air freight delivers in 5 to 10 days but costs more. Full-service removal companies can pack, ship and deliver your belongings directly to your new home. Renting a container is also a good option for larger moves, allowing you to pack and load at your own pace.

The shipping market to Ireland, especially Dublin, is highly competitive. This keeps prices reasonable, but costs can vary based on shipment size and weight, mode of transport, additional services like packing and insurance and the timing of your move. To get the best quote, compare prices from multiple reputable providers.

If you're from a European Union country, you can bring your cargo into Ireland with few restrictions. Your goods must have been owned and used for at least six months before the move and must be for your personal use. 

If you're moving from a non-EU country, you can still import most household goods duty-free, provided they've been owned and used for at least 12 months, and you're seeking residence in Ireland. The duty-free period for importing household goods is generally 12 months from the date you establish permanent residency in Ireland. Motor vehicles can also be imported duty-free if they meet specific criteria.

We highly recommend taking out movers' insurance. This protects against damage, loss, or theft during transit. Consider insuring antiques, fine art, electronics and other valuable or fragile items. You must ensure your goods are insured by a different company than the one you will be using for shipping. 

Useful links

• Citizens Information: Moving to Ireland

Shipping pets to Ireland

If you're moving to Ireland with your pets, there are specific requirements to follow. First, your pet must be microchipped with an ISO-compliant microchip. Then, vaccinate them against rabies after the microchip implantation and wait at least 21 days before travelling. 

Depending on your country of origin, you'll need an EU pet passport or a health certificate. Dogs also require tapeworm treatment 1 to 5 days before arriving in Ireland unless you travel from Northern Ireland, Finland, Malta, or Norway. The requirements vary based on your origin, with specific rules for pets from Great Britain and non-EU/GB countries.

Pets must enter Ireland through approved ports of entry, and you should arrange for compliance checks in advance. No routine quarantine periods are required for pets from the EU or certain other countries, but compliance checks are necessary. Pets from higher-risk countries may need additional blood tests and checks.

The same basic requirements apply to cats, dogs, and ferrets. Birds, rabbits, and rodents have different import rules. Note that certain dog breeds are restricted in Ireland. Besides microchipping and rabies vaccination, additional vaccines like DHLPP for dogs and FVRCP for cats are recommended.

Use airline-approved, well-ventilated carriers to ensure your pet's comfort and safety. Provide water, food, and litter if the journey is long. Avoid sedating your pet unless advised by your vet. Attach a label with your contact information to the carrier, and bring a recent photo in case your pet escapes.

Useful links

• Pet Travel: Immigration to Ireland with Pets