Kenya's economy has great growth potential, benefitting from a skilled and youthful workforce, constantly improving infrastructure and its geographical location as an economic hub in East Africa. Though some expat positions are well paid in Kenya, the reality on the ground can make it difficult to secure employment.

Unemployment levels remain high overall, and poverty is a major challenge to development. Working in Kenya and earning a decent salary to afford the cost of living can prove difficult if you don't secure a job before arrival. Still, Kenya has one of the largest economies in sub-Saharan Africa, and if you do your research on the job market, you will find some work opportunities.

Job market in Kenya

Kenya, especially Nairobi, is a major business hub. Several multinational companies have set up their African headquarters and main offices there, including Google, General Electric and Coca-Cola. Most expats who work for these multinational corporations move to Kenya on an intra-company transfer.

Industry sectors most likely to employ foreigners include telecommunications, information and communication technology, oil and gas, and exploration and production. Tourism, logistics, agriculture, construction and real estate are other key sectors that external investors are interested in.

The job market in Kenya is driven by a high demand for ICT skills, with significant opportunities in finance, business management, engineering and logistics. 

Many expats work for foreign embassies and consulates. The host of international schools in the country also sees teachers coming and going as they travel and experience life in Kenya.

There are also volunteer positions in Kenya with government and NGO organisations. The country is a regional hub for non-profit organisations and serves as the administrative centre for the operations of aid organisations in East Africa.

If you are entrepreneurial, you may consider running your own company. Expat start-ups, such as Twiga Foods and M-KOPA, are thriving in Kenya. We recommend seeking professional guidance on which sectors allow foreign investment and which do not, as well as additional requirements for starting a business, including minimum start-up capital and the ratio of local Kenyan to foreign shareholders.

Finding a job in Kenya

On the whole, expats rarely show up in Kenya looking for a job. Instead, they are relocated and transferred there or hired from overseas by a company familiar with the immigration and work visa process. These companies usually provide relocation services and support with work permit applications.

Understanding work permits and visa requirements is crucial. Employers often prefer candidates with the necessary permits, so familiarising yourself with these regulations can give you a competitive edge.

Online job platforms, such as BrighterMonday, MyJobMag, LinkedIn and PigiaMe, are some of the best ways to find available positions and send out applications. These searches can be done from abroad or while you are in the country. Directly searching a company’s website is a good idea if you have a specific organisation in mind. 

Networking is key. Leverage existing connections, attend industry events and engage with professional groups on social media. Many positions are filled through referrals, so expanding your network is essential. Expat forums and social media groups can also be beneficial, providing valuable insights and job leads.

Companies hiring expats typically provide relocation packages that may include visa and work permit processing, housing assistance and cultural orientation. Some organisations also offer integration programs to help expats adjust to life in Kenya.

Useful links

• BrighterMonday
• LinkedIn
• MyJobMag
• PigiaMe

Work culture in Kenya

If you are an English-speaking expat doing business in Kenya, you should not be too worried about language barriers, as English is widely spoken as a business language. Working hours are typically 8am or 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday, although banks often close earlier.

Business culture in Kenya emphasises relationships, both personal and professional. Don’t rush work meetings; instead, get to know your business partners and colleagues. Small talk is an essential part of building relationships. Discussing personal topics, such as family or local events, before diving into business is common and appreciated.

Business relationships in Kenya are generally built on personal connections and trust. Unlike some Western cultures, where business may be more transactional, Kenyans prefer establishing rapport before engaging in business discussions. Participating in social events and sharing meals can significantly enhance relationship-building.

Kenyan business culture emphasises hierarchy and respect for titles. Individuals are typically addressed by their professional or academic titles, and showing deference to senior members is crucial. Communication tends to be indirect, and it is important to read between the lines. Kenyans may avoid direct confrontation or criticism, valuing harmony over bluntness.

The average workweek in Kenya is approximately 31 hours, shorter than in many Western countries where the average can exceed 40 hours. Despite the shorter hours, the pace of work can vary significantly based on the region. Nairobi tends to be faster-paced than coastal areas like Mombasa, where business is conducted in a more leisurely fashion.

While punctuality is valued, the concept of 'Kenyan time' suggests flexibility. Meetings may start later than scheduled, and arriving late is often tolerated if communicated in advance. It’s critical to be patient and attentive to non-verbal cues, as expats may misinterpret the indirect communication style as evasiveness.

Having a basic understanding of Swahili can enhance rapport and show respect for the local culture. Simple greetings like 'Jambo' can go a long way in establishing goodwill. Language proficiency can help navigate cultural nuances and foster deeper connections with local colleagues and clients.

Common business etiquette practices in Kenya include greeting everyone in the room with a firm handshake and a smile. Business attire is generally formal, and dressing appropriately signifies respect and professionalism. It’s advisable to steer clear of sensitive topics like politics and religion in professional settings to avoid offending anyone.

The quality and availability of healthcare in Kenya vary tremendously, depending on your location, the hospital and the treatment required. Generally, you may find healthcare throughout Kenya below European standards. You should look at private healthcare options and investigate each hospital's speciality areas, as these are usually better than public facilities.

As is the case elsewhere in the world, private healthcare in Kenya is considerably more expensive than the country's public healthcare. Most people are willing to pay a higher price in exchange for better quality healthcare with shorter waiting times.

Public healthcare in Kenya

There are several different types and levels of public medical facilities in Kenya, all of which work on a system of escalating referrals, depending on the problem.

If you are not on private healthcare, government-run dispensaries are your first port of call. KEMSA (Kenya Medical Supplies Authority) is the state-run organisation that supplies these dispensaries with most of their medical equipment and medication. These facilities are run and managed by nurses and provide the most basic outpatient services for simple illnesses such as colds and flu, skin conditions and the initial treatment of malaria.

If the nurses at the dispensary cannot deal with a problem, you will be referred to a health centre. Government-run health centres are run and managed by a clinical officer. Health centres in Nairobi provide primary care and focus mainly on preventative care, such as vaccinations. They tend to fall short when it comes to curative treatment, though.

Complicated cases may be referred upwards to a government district or provincial hospital.

Private healthcare in Kenya

Most people prefer to use private healthcare facilities in Kenya. Though the cost is much higher than treatment at public facilities, the quality of service is better, and doctors are often more experienced. Hygiene levels and the quality of equipment have also improved significantly.

Kenya has an extensive network of private healthcare facilities, from small local clinics to large hospitals. There are several private hospitals and medical clinics in Nairobi and Mombasa.

Day-to-day treatment can be surprisingly affordable, but a hefty deposit is required for patients without insurance. We highly recommend that you invest in private health insurance to cover more complex procedures and expensive evacuations.

For serious operations, some people look outside the country for help. South Africa is widely considered to have the best medical facilities on the continent and is the usual destination for emergency medical evacuation.

Health insurance in Kenya

Kenya's public healthcare system operates with contributions from two types of social security services: the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) and the National Social Security Scheme (NSSF). The NHIF is largely targeted at Kenyan citizens over 18, although all citizens and expats working in Kenya must make monthly contributions to this, deducted from their salary.

As a resident, you are eligible to take advantage of the NHIF, but most people opt for private healthcare, which requires a greater and more comprehensive insurance policy.

Although not compulsory by law, private health insurance is strongly recommended. Without it, healthcare costs are just as expensive as in Western countries, and covering the costs for emergency care, especially medical evacuation, can be impossible out of pocket.

Often, employers relocating people to Kenya will provide insurance. If your employer does not, you should arrange suitable coverage before arriving. When taking out health insurance in Kenya, be aware of the terms of your coverage. A comprehensive policy is best.

Useful links

• National Hospital Insurance Fund

Pharmacies and medicine in Kenya

Pharmacies in Kenya, often called chemists, are easily found in major towns and cities. The best pharmacies are typically attached to hospitals. Several trustworthy pharmacy chains, such as Crown Paints Pharmacy, Avenue Pharmacy and Medplus Pharmacy, are prominent in town centres and shopping malls across Kenya. Some pharmacies in large cities operate 24 hours a day, but it's best to check opening hours.

Most generic medicines are easy to find at Kenyan pharmacies. Even though many medications are imported to Kenya, they are generally cheaper than in many other expat destinations. Still, having an insurance policy covering all medication expenses is best. If you suffer from chronic illnesses or need prescription medication, you should bring a supply with you, as well as copies of the prescription and generic names of the drugs.

In rural areas, pharmacies can be less accessible. Limited availability, stock shortages and transport barriers make it harder for residents to access essential medications.

Health hazards and vaccinations in Kenya

Before moving to Kenya, you should visit a healthcare practitioner for information on which vaccinations are needed. Immunisation against yellow fever, polio, rabies, hepatitis A, and typhoid is often recommended, along with the upkeep of standard vaccinations such as measles, mumps and rubella, and COVID-19.

Malaria, cholera and dengue fever are health risks in Kenya. Preventing bites from disease-bearing insects is the best protection against many dangerous illnesses, including malaria and dengue fever. Sleep under mosquito nets and use insect repellent. Consider taking a course of anti-malarial tablets.

In addition to general safety concerns, water quality in Kenya is variable. Don't drink water directly from the tap unless you have a pathogen- and bacteria-killing water filter. It's also best to be cautious of food prepared by roadside vendors.

Kenya has been investing in better water treatment facilities and enforcing stricter regulations on food safety to improve water quality and food safety.

Useful links

• CDC: Kenya Health Information

Emergency medical services in Kenya

The standard of emergency medical services in Kenya varies. In cities such as Nairobi and Mombasa, the level of emergency medical services is not excellent but is passable, with Kenya Red Cross and St John Ambulance Kenya providing emergency medical care to those in need. In rural areas, emergency health services are poor to non-existent.

Private hospitals in Kenyan cities often have a small fleet of ambulances that are sent out to assist patients.

In many cases, getting a patient to the nearest hospital in a private vehicle is faster, as waiting times for ambulances in Kenya can be long. Nairobi's largest Accident and Emergency departments are Nairobi Hospital and the Aga Khan University Hospital.

In an emergency in Kenya, call 999 for fire and ambulance services and 999, 112 or 911 for police.

Shipping to Kenya by air, sea or land can be a long and expensive process. There are several important factors to consider when shipping to Kenya. 

Shipping personal goods to Kenya

It may be cheaper and more efficient to check smaller items as excess luggage, as certain concessions may be granted, though prices differ from airline to airline. Keep in mind that excess baggage fees can be hefty, making dedicated shipping services a smarter choice for larger amounts of luggage or household goods.

If you're looking for accommodation in Kenya, you may prefer to find a property that is already fully furnished rather than go through the hassle of shipping and removals. Furnished apartments offer an easier moving process and savings on furniture purchases and are great for short-term stays. Typically, furnished properties can command a premium of 10 to 20 percent over unfurnished ones.

Unfurnished apartments, on the other hand, have lower rent, more personalisation options, and long-term cost savings, but they require higher upfront costs for furniture and a more complicated moving process. 

Shipping and duty costs for Kenya sometimes make it cheaper for you to buy items after arriving. Most furniture, household goods and electronics are inexpensive and readily available. Sea freight is generally cheaper but slower than air freight. Remember to factor in additional costs such as customs duties, insurance and local delivery charges.

If you opt for shipping and removals to Kenya, be aware of customs regulations. We recommend enlisting the services of a professional moving or relocation company. When choosing a moving company, consider the company's reputation, services offered, insurance coverage and customer reviews. 

Customs and import duties in Kenya

All items imported into Kenya, whether by airline freight or shipping, must be cleared through KRA (Kenya Revenue Authority) customs officials on arrival, and the appropriate import taxes must be paid. Customs duties are assessed based on the value of the item, determined by customs officials.

Although all goods are subject to customs duty, passengers fall into different 'passenger categories', which determine the concessions they are entitled to. For example, Category A passengers, including Kenyan residents who have resided outside of Kenya for an extended time, may be entitled to duty-free imports or reduced taxes on clothing, personal and household items and one motor vehicle. Tourists and visitors staying in Kenya for up to three months (Category B) also have specific regulations, as do other Kenyan residents (Category C).

For most passengers, there is a general concession for duty-free items up to a certain value for household goods and items used for personal use, although this amount can change, so checking with KRA for the latest information is advisable. Common items that must be declared include new items acquired outside Kenya valued over the concession limit, alcoholic beverages and tobacco products exceeding duty-free limits and any items intended for sale or disposal.

Some items face restrictions or are prohibited altogether. Currency exceeding a certain amount must be declared at the port of entry. Restricted items include animal traps capable of killing or capturing game animals, drones and motor vehicles older than eight years. Left-hand drive vehicles face specific import restrictions. 

Additionally, in a move towards environmental protection, plastic bags have been banned in Kenya. Fines and penalties for importing or using plastic bags are strictly enforced.

The list of both restricted and prohibited items extends further and is subject to change. We recommend hiring a relocation company familiar with the latest regulations and equipped with the necessary technology and resources to ensure a swift and seamless process. 

Useful links

• Kenya Revenue Authority

Shipping pets to Kenya

Shipping pets to Kenya involves several important steps, documentation and adherence to specific regulations. Kenya does not quarantine dogs and cats moving with their owners, provided that all stipulated conditions regarding required documentation, vaccination and microchipping are met. Generally, pets must accompany you on board. Pets must also have the relevant pet passport as identification and be accompanied by a health certificate from an authorised vet.

To ship pets to Kenya, the following documentation is required:

• Pet Import Permit: Issued by the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries in Kenya, taking about 2 to 3 working days to process and valid for 90 days for one consignment.
• Health Certificate: A certificate from a licensed veterinarian in the country of origin, completed no more than five days before departure.
• Vaccination Records: Up-to-date vaccination records, including rabies vaccination.
• Microchip Certificate: Pets must be microchipped with an ISO 11784/11785 compliant microchip.
• Airline Captain Affidavit: A statement from the airline captain confirming the pet was on a direct flight to Kenya.

The necessary vaccinations include:

• Rabies Vaccination: Pets must be vaccinated for rabies less than 30 days and not more than 12 months before entering Kenya. If vaccinated less than six months prior, a certificate from a Government Veterinary Officer stating no rabies cases within 30 miles (48 km) of the pet's origin is required.
• Parasite Treatment: Pets must be treated for internal and external parasites within 48 hours before the flight.

A pet passport, often required for international travel, includes the pet's vaccination records, health certificates and microchip information. Pet owners can obtain this from their veterinarian, who will ensure all necessary vaccinations and treatments are documented.

Safety in Kenya is a concern for many residents and new arrivals. Crime is undeniably an issue, especially in Kenya’s more prominent cities of Nairobi and Mombasa. Still, with the necessary precautions and some common sense, you should be able to live a safe life in Kenya.

Your greatest concern living in Kenya might be road safety. The behaviour of local drivers is often reckless, and traffic accidents are common.

If you want to go on safari and see and do things in Kenya, be aware of the risks when viewing wildlife, especially on foot. Most visitors to national parks and game reserves encounter no issues, but you should follow the park’s guidance and instructions.

In many cases, being aware of safety issues in Kenya allows you to take the necessary actions to limit the danger and have a comfortable experience.

Crime in Kenya

Crime rates are high in Kenya’s major cities, such as Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu. To protect your home, you can usually hire security guards or opt to live in a secure gated housing complex.

Carjacking, mugging and petty theft also occur on Kenyan city streets. Be vigilant, keep valuables out of sight, and avoid carrying large sums of money. It’s also best not to walk around the city centre at night, and never accept food or drinks from strangers. As a foreigner in Kenya, you are a likely target for criminals who pose as tour guides and police officers.

Scammers may also engage you in conversation and tell stories about being a refugee or having sick relatives to get some cash. In most cases, this is more of a nuisance than a real danger, and such individuals will typically give up once they’ve been given a firm ‘no’.

Useful links

• UK Government Travel Advice for Kenya
• US Government Travel Advisory for Kenya
• Australian Government Travel Advice for Kenya

Terrorism in Kenya

Terrorism is a significant concern in Kenya. The main threat comes from extremists linked to Al-Shabab, a militant group in Somalia. They have issued public threats against Kenya due to its military involvement in Somalia.

Terrorist attacks, including kidnappings, are usually indiscriminate. Targets can range from government offices and schools to shopping centres, markets, bars and nightclubs. Places of worship have also been attacked in the past.

Additionally, piracy is a danger off the coast of Somalia around the Horn of Africa. If you plan on sea travel, be aware of these potential threats and take all necessary precautions.

Many governments advise their nationals to avoid areas close to the Kenya-Somalia border, particularly Garissa County, as well as the Lamu and Tana River Counties. Always follow the information and guidance provided by the authorities.

Road safety in Kenya

Driving in Kenya can be dangerous due to poor road conditions and driving standards. Many expat employees are provided with a company car and a local driver, which is often the safest option for getting around.

If you decide to drive, always wear your seatbelt, avoid driving at night, and drive defensively. Lock your windows and doors, especially in cities. Be extra cautious when driving outside urban areas.

Be wary of travelling on long-distance buses at night. There have been serious accidents involving intercity buses. Opt for reputable bus companies; some smaller operators use poorly maintained vehicles driven recklessly.

Travelling by matatu (local minibuses) isn't generally recommended. They are notoriously badly driven and uninsured, with reports of occasional hijackings and robberies.

Political instability in Kenya

Kenya has experienced political unrest, particularly around election periods. Ethnic and political tensions have led to flare-ups of violence in the past.

While you are unlikely to be caught up in civil unrest, it's wise to avoid large gatherings and political demonstrations, which can turn violent. Major protests often occur during election campaigns, and some have resulted in violence.

Stay informed by monitoring local news and following government and media advisories. Your hotel or tour operator can also provide guidance on areas to avoid.

Kenya is a vibrant and diverse country with a rich local culture. Some new arrivals find living in Kenya quite challenging to adjust to and may prefer to remain within expat compounds. While this can be comforting at first, expats who don't leave their compounds have a limited experience of Kenya and deny themselves the opportunity to mingle with locals, an enriching experience.

Other expats don't find the cultural differences intimidating and are inspired by the friendly and open nature of Kenyans, who generally have a welcoming attitude towards foreigners. Expat groups in large cities such as Nairobi and Mombasa help facilitate the assimilation process. These organisations arrange social gatherings, including cultural festivals, cooking classes, and outdoor adventures. Contact your embassy or consulate to find out more about local expat clubs.

As a new arrival, you will likely find many challenges adapting to the local culture in Kenya, and there may be lifestyle differences in Nairobi compared to Mombasa and other coastal towns, as well as elsewhere in the country.

Inequality in Kenya

As an expat in Kenya, you have access to luxurious houses, modern malls, and comfortable cars. This makes your experience relatively insulated and quite different from the average Kenyan's experience.

New arrivals might be shocked at the disparity between the haves and have-nots. Wealthy Kenyans drive luxury vehicles, own palatial homes and operate with abundant resources. A growing lower-middle class also enjoys a comfortable but modest lifestyle.

Still, many Kenyans live below the poverty line, visible in both rural areas and cities. These communities lack essential resources such as clean water, sanitation, electricity, and educational facilities. This stark inequality can be a cause of culture shock.

Language barrier in Kenya

As an English-speaking expat, you will be relieved to know that you won’t struggle with much of a language barrier in Kenya. English is one of the country's two official languages, and while Swahili is the first language of many Kenyans, there's widespread English proficiency, particularly in cities. Many also speak an additional region-specific language.

The reduced language barrier makes your adjustment to life in Kenya much smoother, especially in doing business or making friends. Learning Swahili can enhance your experience and help you integrate more deeply into the local culture.

Traffic and road conditions in Kenya

As an expat in Kenya, you'll soon get used to sitting in traffic and being surrounded by hawkers selling everything from newspapers to car accessories. You might find phone chargers, toys, bananas, sunglasses and art on offer. While the constant pressure to buy things can be annoying, you'll soon learn to tolerate these vendors and gently encourage them to move on.

Road conditions in Kenya can be challenging. Roads are often poorly maintained, bumpy, and potholed. Traffic moves on the left side, which can be disorienting. Issues include excessive speeding, poorly maintained vehicles, and heavy traffic jams. Matatus (shared minibuses) and boda bodas (motorcycle taxis) pose significant dangers to other vehicles and pedestrians.

Nighttime travel between cities should be avoided due to poor road conditions and the threat of banditry. Some unpaved roads become impassable during the rainy season, even with four-wheel-drive vehicles.

Public transport options in Kenya include buses, matatus, shared taxis, and ride-hailing apps like Uber and Bolt. Buses are generally comfortable and safe for long-haul travel. Matatus are colourful and lively but can be overcrowded and vary in safety. Shared taxis are less crowded and run on fixed routes. Ride-hailing apps are popular in urban areas, offering convenience and reliability.

Driving in Kenya isn't always easy. We recommend you hire a local driver, but if you opt to drive, always wear a seatbelt, maintain a safe following distance, and use indicator lights properly. Avoid drinking and driving, use offline navigation apps, and allow extra travel time. Take extra precautions on small highways or winding mountain roads.

Corruption and bureaucracy in Kenya

The economic disparities in Kenya are symptoms of a bigger problem. Corruption and mismanagement of public funds have long been a concern. You may come across instances of solicited bribery even in your day-to-day life.

When dealing with visas, work permits, paperwork, and driving licences, you are sure to find the inevitable delays extremely frustrating. Hiring a qualified agent to deal with these matters is often necessary. Achieving the desired results is sometimes impossible without their help.

Useful links

• Transparency International: Kenya

Kenya’s public transport infrastructure is underdeveloped. Unless you have lots of time on your hands, travelling by train or intercity bus won't be an option. You'll become accustomed to seeing local Kenyans packed into a matatu or using tuk-tuks or motorcycle taxis to get around. Although using these might be an experience, they're generally unsafe or uncomfortable.

Still, there are other options available. For everyday travel, you can drive or hire a local driver who is familiar with the area and Kenyan driving norms. When it comes to travelling nationally, domestic airlines are the most practical way of getting from A to B.

Public transport in Kenya

Moving to Kenya, you'll find the public transport infrastructure to be somewhat limited. Long-distance buses serve most destinations, but journeys are slow. Train travel is even more restrictive, with just a few services each week.

Buses

Kenya has both local bus services and a large long-distance bus network used by most people travelling within the country. Travelling by bus can be a cost-effective but time-consuming way to get around Kenya.

As bus journeys in Kenya are long and not always comfortable, it's best to travel with an established company that has a modern fleet of vehicles, such as Dreamline Express Limited, Coast Bus or Crown Bus. You should book your ticket in advance, especially for popular routes.

First-class tickets are the best option, as these offer larger seats with additional legroom. Premium services come at a higher cost, but with greater comfort, WiFi, electronic screens for music and films, and USB ports, they're worth it.

Trains

Trains in Kenya have traditionally been more of a tourist attraction than a viable means of transport. However, since 2017, the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) has transformed train travel in the country.

Known as the Madaraka Express, this new service connects Nairobi and Mombasa, reducing the previous old rail network journey of over 12 hours to only four and a half hours. Travelling from the capital to the coast or vice versa, you can save time by taking the SGR train.

Economy-class tickets are affordable, being just under the cost of a long-distance bus ticket for the same route. First-class tickets are also available but at a much higher price.

Matatus

Matatus are privately operated minibuses that cover short or medium distances in Kenya. Vehicles are usually meant to hold no more than 20 people, but some drivers will load more passengers into a single matatu.

While travelling by matatu provides a uniquely Kenyan experience with its colourful décor and loud music, it can be risky. Matatus are often driven badly, with drivers swerving in and out of traffic to get to their destination quickly and stopping suddenly to pick up passengers at the side of the road.

Matatus are the cheapest way of getting around in Kenya, with prices based on distance travelled. Due to safety issues, travelling by local bus or car is a better option.

Tuk-tuks

Tuk-tuks are three-wheeled motorised taxis that can be found in Kenya’s main cities, especially along the coast. They can carry up to three passengers and are a speedy way to get around town.

There are no set prices, so you'll need to get used to negotiating with the tuk-tuk drivers before starting a journey.

Useful links

• Madaraka Express
• Kenya Railways Corporation

Taxis in Kenya

Taxi cabs are easily available in Kenya's large cities. You can hail them on the street or book in advance. Fares should be negotiated before getting into the cab, as meters are often broken or not switched on.

When using taxi cabs, be aware that while they are readily accessible, the quality of service can vary. It's wise to familiarise yourself with standard fare rates for common routes to avoid being overcharged. Choose taxis with working meters when possible, or negotiate the fare upfront if necessary.

Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Bolt are operational in certain parts of Kenya. These services offer the convenience of booking through a mobile app, transparent pricing, and the ability to rate drivers, ensuring a standard of service. However, be prepared for surge pricing during peak times and limited cash payment options.

Useful links

• Uber Nairobi
• Bolt Nairobi

Driving in Kenya

Most expats in Kenya get around by car, as it offers the freedom and flexibility that public transport does not. Still, driving in Kenya is not for the faint-hearted.

Many road users drive aggressively and recklessly, so exercise caution when driving and crossing roads. Dealing with this traffic is by no means stress-free, and roads in certain areas are often potholed and poorly maintained. Although driving through Kenya at your own pace and taking in the scenery sounds ideal, the poor road infrastructure can make it a challenge.

Most global car rental companies have branches in Nairobi and Mombasa. Smaller local rental companies offer more competitive rates but may be less reliable. Many car rental companies offer the option to hire a car with a driver. Once settled in Kenya, you might prefer to buy a car and hire a driver, or your employer may provide both.

If you're wondering if you can drive on your home country's licence, you need to follow up on the latest requirements. Generally, you can drive in Kenya with your valid foreign driving licence or an International Driving Permit for up to three months. Those staying longer must obtain a Kenyan driving licence. This involves creating an e-Citizen account, applying through the National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) portal, and providing necessary documents such as your foreign licence, passport, and work permit.

Useful links

• National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA)

Air travel in Kenya

Domestic flights in Kenya are often the fastest way to get around. Kenya Airways, the national airline, offers daily domestic flights between various cities, as well as international flights. Airkenya is praised for its professionalism and reliability, particularly on routes to popular tourist destinations. Fly540, a budget-friendly option, provides affordable fares but has received mixed reviews regarding service and reliability.

Flight frequencies vary, and delays and cancellations are common. To ensure the safety of your luggage, use secure locks, label your bags clearly, and keep valuables in your carry-on. Consider travel insurance that covers lost or damaged luggage for added peace of mind.

Useful links

• Kenya Airways
• Airkenya
• Kenya Tourism Board

Cycling in Kenya

Cycling is a healthy way to get around in Kenya. You can buy or rent a bicycle locally, or organise shipping to import one from abroad. Joining a cycling tour or connecting with cycling groups through social media is also easy.

Avid cyclists can enjoy fantastic biking paths around mountains and scenic areas such as Riverside Park and Karura Forest. Nairobi offers several cycling routes, especially in suburbs like Karen and Lang'ata. The area around Lake Naivasha, including Hell's Gate National Park, is popular for its beautiful landscapes. Mount Kenya provides challenging terrains and stunning views, ideal for adventurous cyclists.

There are safety issues to be aware of. Always be cautious, especially on unfamiliar routes, and carry enough water. In major cities, be vigilant about traffic, as drivers may not always be mindful of cyclists. Wear a helmet, use visible clothing, and follow traffic rules to stay safe.

Walking in Kenya

Many people walk to get around in Kenya, but this doesn't mean areas are particularly walkable or pedestrian-friendly. Poorly maintained pavements often force foot traffic into the roadways, and there are safety issues such as pickpocketing. It's recommended to walk in groups and avoid walking around at night.

Don't be deterred altogether: if you lead an active lifestyle, you'll be drawn to Kenya's many hiking trails. A popular day hike is Mount Longonot, a dormant stratovolcano. Ngong Hills is another picturesque area great for hiking. For the daring and fit, Mount Kenya awaits, offering the Naro Moru Hike and several campsites for overnight stays.

One of the best ways to familiarise yourself with your new surroundings is by walking. New arrivals can attend walking tours in Nairobi, which highlight the city's rich history and culture.

Whether you are visiting on holiday or planning to settle down for the long term, you will most likely need a visa to enter Kenya. The type of visa required will depend on your reasons for being in the country.

You don't need to apply for a short-term visa if you are from countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, South Africa, Zambia, and Botswana. Instead, you must obtain an Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA). Check the eVisa website for a full list of countries exempted from or eligible to apply for a visa to Kenya.

You have three main options for obtaining a visa:

• Obtain a visa upon entering the country
• Apply for an eVisa online at least seven days before departing
• Apply in person at a Kenyan diplomatic mission or embassy

The latter is not recommended for tourist visas, as it takes more time and effort than the other options. The eVisa process is best for short stays, while long-term stays and work permits are best handled by contacting the nearest high commission or embassy.

For temporary visits to Kenya, there are three main types of eVisas: single-entry visas, transit visas, and courtesy visas. Single-entry visas cover tourists, medical reasons, business, and family visits.

Transit visas are only necessary if you have a connecting flight from Kenya to another country within 72 hours and wish to leave the airport. 

Before travelling, check the required pre-travel vaccinations, including those against yellow fever, and other healthcare matters.

Tourist visas for Kenya

Most foreigners require a tourist visa to visit Kenya, though citizens of select countries are allowed visa-free entry. As of 2024, Kenya has introduced an Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA) system, allowing citizens of many countries to enter Kenya visa-free for short-term visits of up to 90 days for tourism or business purposes. This includes the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and most European Union countries.

Tourist visas for Kenya are single-entry visas. They are valid for three months from the date of issue and can be extended for another three months (90 days). 

Extensions

To extend your stay, you must apply for a visitor's pass extension at the Immigration Headquarters in Nairobi or the nearest immigration office.

The extension process involves an online application on the eFNS portal, where you'll need to generate Form 22. Required documents include:

• Copy of the bio-data page of your passport
• Copy of the previous visa endorsement
• Proof of pending application (if applicable)
• Valid passport with at least six months before expiry
• Two passport-sized photos

The extension typically takes 48 hours, or 24 hours for urgent requests. It's advisable to apply at least two weeks before your current visa expires to avoid any issues.

Tourist visas for Kenya generally require a travel itinerary detailing the places you plan to visit, any hotel bookings or proof of accommodation, a valid passport, and a return ticket.

Useful links

• Kenya eVisa Portal
• Kenya Immigration Services
• Planning a visit to Kenya? Simply submit your Kenya visa application online through this website.

Business visas for Kenya

Business visas for Kenya are valid for 90 days and can be extended for another 90 days. These are perfect if you plan to stay for a few months for business activities.

With a business visa, you can engage in various activities, including:

• Attending meetings and negotiations
• Exploring business ventures and conducting market research
• Participating in conferences, seminars, or workshops
• Negotiating contracts and agreements
• Conducting pre-sales activities or product demonstrations

Note, however, that you cannot engage in gainful employment or work for a Kenyan company without the appropriate work authorisation.

To apply for a business visa, you must provide documentation proving the purpose of your visit. Required documents include:

• An invitation letter from the host company in Kenya
• Proof of financial means to support your stay
• A detailed travel itinerary, including flight bookings and accommodation arrangements
• Company registration documents if representing a company
• A tax compliance certificate, if applicable
• Copies of previous visas if you have travelled to Kenya before

Useful links

• Trade.gov: Kenya Commercial Guide

Family visit visas for Kenya

If you wish to invite family members to join you in Kenya for a few months, a family visit visa is your best bet. This single-entry visa allows your family members to visit you, provided you supply the necessary documentation.

To qualify, the applicant must be a family member of a Kenyan citizen or a foreign national residing in Kenya. Eligible family members typically include spouses, children, parents, and siblings. The purpose of the visit must be to visit family members and not for employment or business activities.

When applying for a family visit visa, you need to provide proof of your family relationship, which may include:

• Marriage certificate for spouses
• Birth certificates for children
• Affidavits or legal documents for more complex relationships
• Official identification of the Kenyan citizen or resident, such as an ID or passport

While on a family visit visa, you are prohibited from working or engaging in any gainful employment. The visa typically allows for a short stay, and extensions may be limited. This visa category also does not allow engaging in business activities or conducting trade.

Work and residence permits for Kenya

If you wish to remain in Kenya for longer than six months, you must obtain a Work/Residence Permit before arriving. Kenya offers several classes of work and residence permits tailored to different purposes.

Applying for a work or residence permit can be complex, and processing times can be lengthy, ranging from two to six months. To navigate these challenges, many find it beneficial to hire a relocation company. 

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and you should contact your respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Education is highly valued in Kenya, with many families making huge sacrifices to send their children to school. The education system has undergone significant changes over time, and you can choose between public, private and international schools.

Public primary and secondary schools in Kenya are free of charge, but the lack of funding in many schools means a shortage of qualified teachers and limited resources, particularly in rural or impoverished areas. While there are some good government schools in Kenya, especially in major cities, most expats opt to enrol their children in private or international schools. These tend to be less disruptive to a child’s education, especially if you're only in Kenya for a short time.

Public schools in Kenya

The standard Kenyan education system consists of eight years of primary school, four years of secondary school and four years of university education. With the introduction of this system, if your children complete their primary education in public school, they will receive the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE). When completing their secondary schooling, they will receive the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE).

There are no fees for primary and secondary education, but additional expenses such as uniforms, lunches and stationery are usually required. Kenyan public schools have varying capacities, impacting their resources and what subjects they offer. The core subjects are English, Kiswahili and maths. The language of instruction is English, although Swahili is taken as a compulsory subject throughout primary and secondary schools.

Kenyan education is split into:

• Kindergarten (ages 4 to 5)
• Primary school (ages 6 to 14)
• Secondary school – academic or technical and trade schools (ages 14 to 18)

After primary school, students can attend national secondary schools, though provincial schools are also available. At the secondary level, children can attend an academic school or a technical and trade school.

Academic schools offer a broad scope of subjects grouped into languages, sciences, applied sciences, humanities, creative arts and technical subjects. Technical secondary schools give your children a more practical approach to learning, preparing them for the workforce. Regardless of the type of school (academic or technical), all secondary school graduates are eligible for university, depending on their grades.

Useful links

• Ministry of Education, Kenya

Private schools in Kenya

Private schools in Kenya are a good option, especially if you're from the UK, as their systems are similar. These schools offer enhanced educational experiences with additional programmes and extracurricular activities that foster holistic development. You’ll find that the standard of education at Kenya's private schools is superior to that of its public schools, mainly due to better funding and resources.

Private schools typically maintain smaller class sizes, allowing for more personalised attention and tailored instruction. They also have the flexibility to design their curricula, often integrating innovative teaching methods that align with modern educational practices and global standards.

Costs vary from one school to another. Basic private education is generally cheaper than sending a child to an international school, but it still comes with additional fees, such as uniforms, textbooks and extracurricular activities.

International schools in Kenya

There is a good range of international schools in Kenya, especially in the capital, Nairobi. If you’re living in Kenya, you will find many schools that follow the British curriculum, partly because of the country's historical links with the UK.

To accommodate the growing expat community, there are also schools offering the globally recognised International Baccalaureate or the curricula of countries such as France, Germany, Sweden, America and the Netherlands.

The standard of education in international schools in Kenya is high, with qualified and experienced teachers and greater attention paid to students. Your children also have the opportunity to participate in a wide assortment of extracurricular activities, including sports, drama and music.

On the downside, fees are costly. On top of basic school fees, you will need to budget for extra expenses such as textbooks, stationery, school uniforms and field trips. Some schools also provide a boarding option, which again comes at an additional cost. 

If you are working in Kenya and want to send your child to an international school, you should budget accordingly and try to negotiate an allowance for school fees into your employment package.

Useful links

• International Baccalaureate in Kenya

Nurseries in Kenya

If you have young children in Kenya, you will discover a large pool of nurseries and kindergartens to select from, especially in large cities such as Nairobi and Mombasa. 

Early education is fundamental for a child's development. Research shows that the early years, particularly from birth to age five, are crucial for brain development. During this period, children develop essential cognitive, social and emotional skills that influence their future educational achievements and overall well-being. Nurseries are also great spaces for you to meet and make friends with other parents.

Many nurseries emphasise play-based learning and holistic development, ensuring a well-rounded approach to your child's growth. Some nurseries and childcare centres are attached to larger international schools, and some follow a Montessori-style approach, although you should bear in mind that some come with heavy fees.

When choosing a nursery, consider its location and proximity to your accommodation or workplace. Other factors include the teachers' qualifications, fee structure, facilities and curriculum.

Homeschooling in Kenya

Kenyan law regarding homeschooling is unclear, and there is no standard process to follow. Still, this hasn’t stopped determined parents. Many families opt for homeschooling to provide personalised education tailored to their child's learning style and pace. Some prefer incorporating cultural or religious values into their children's education. Others choose homeschooling for safety reasons or for the flexibility it offers, accommodating travel or other commitments.

Social media is one of the best ways to reach out to the homeschooling community in Kenya. You can join online forums, attend local meet-ups or engage in co-ops where families share resources and teaching responsibilities.

You can select a curriculum that works best for your family. Popular options include the Kenyan National Curriculum, British or American curricula and alternative methods like Montessori or Waldorf. Homeschooled children can participate in national or international exams by registering with recognised examination bodies or using learning centres that offer exam preparation and registration services.

Useful links

• Kenya National Examinations Council

Special-needs education in Kenya

Kenya’s private and international schools are more likely than public schools to provide inclusive support for children with disabilities. These schools often develop Individualised Education Plans (IEPs) that cater to each child's specific needs, ensuring personalised learning experiences.

Private and international schools frequently employ trained special education teachers and therapists. They integrate children with disabilities into mainstream classrooms, fostering social interaction and peer relationships. These schools also have better access to resources, such as assistive technologies and specialised learning materials, enhancing the learning experience for children with disabilities.

In contrast, the public school system faces challenges due to a lack of resources, inadequate teacher training and limited accessibility. Many public schools do not have the necessary facilities or materials to support children with disabilities adequately.

If you are moving to Kenya, research private and international school options and contact them directly for information on the services available. This may include additional learning support sessions, therapeutic services or specialised devices adapted for students with hearing or visual impairments. Embassies also provide lists of recommended schools that integrate and include students with learning or physical disabilities.

Tutors in Kenya

Whether your children are homeschooled or attend a mainstream school in Kenya, extra classes may be desired – especially during exam time. Several online platforms can help you find a tutor in Kenya, including TeacherOn and PigiaMe.

To find a suitable tutor, first decide on a focus area – what are the specific subjects or skills your child needs help with? Use online platforms to browse profiles, read reviews and compare qualifications. Seek recommendations from friends, family or teachers who may know qualified tutors.

Online learning and tutoring offer flexibility, allowing students to learn at their own pace and schedule sessions at convenient times. Online platforms provide a wealth of resources, including recorded lessons, practice exercises and interactive tools. Students can connect with tutors from different regions, gaining access to a broader range of expertise.

During exam time, tutors support students by creating personalised revision plans, providing practice exams and teaching stress management techniques. This tailored approach helps students focus on their weaknesses and improve their performance.

Useful links

• Prep Academy Tutors
• Apprentus
• TeacherOn

Kenyan embassies

• Kenya Embassy, Washington, DC, United States: +1 202 387 6101
• Kenya High Commission, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7636 2371
• Embassy of the Republic of Kenya, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 613 6380
• Kenya High Commission, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 563 1773
• High Commission of the Republic of Kenya, Canberra, Australia (also responsible for New Zealand): +61 2 6247 4788
• Kenya High Commission, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 362 2249

Foreign embassies in Kenya

• United States Embassy, Nairobi: +254 20 363 6000
• British High Commission, Nairobi: +254 20 287 3000
• High Commission of Canada, Nairobi: +254 20 366 3000 
• Australian High Commission, Nairobi: +254 20 427 7100
• South African High Commission, Nairobi: +254 72 220 4927
• Embassy of Ireland, Nairobi: +254 20 513 5300

Bisected by the equator, Kenya offers a variety of climate types depending on altitude. Kenya's coastal climate features high humidity and consistent rainfall year-round, with temperatures ranging from 72°F to 86°F (22°C to 30°C). Inland, particularly in the highlands, the temperate climate is cooler and more moderate, with temperatures between 57°F and 82°F (14°C to 28°C). The northern and northeastern regions face high temperatures and erratic rainfall, presenting significant challenges for agriculture.

Kenya's equatorial location influences its climate, leading to minimal seasonal temperature variations and a distinct bimodal rainfall pattern due to the Intertropical Convergence Zone. This results in the characteristic long and short rains. The 'long rains' occur from March or April to May or June, bringing heavy and frequent downpours. The 'short rains' from October to December are less intense but still crucial for agriculture.

During the long rains, the landscape becomes lush and green, which is crucial for farming but sometimes leads to flooding and disruptions. The short rains, occurring in the late afternoon and at night, provide a brief respite from the dry conditions. The dry season from June to October is ideal for outdoor activities and wildlife viewing, while the rainy seasons can disrupt travel plans.

If you’re planning to stay in Kenya for more than six months, whether for employment, business, or volunteering, you’ll need a Kenyan work residence permit. This permit is essential for legally living and working in the country, and it’s typically something you must secure before you arrive.

A work residence permit in Kenya isn’t just a formality; it’s a crucial document that authorises your stay and allows you to contribute to the local economy. Depending on your profession or the nature of your business, there are various classes of permits designed to cater to different needs, from short-term assignments to long-term business ventures.

Anyone who is not a Kenyan citizen and intends to stay in Kenya for an extended period (usually over six months) will need to apply for a work residence permit. This includes professionals, entrepreneurs, volunteers, and even retirees looking to settle in the country. Without the appropriate permit, your stay in Kenya could be cut short, and you may face penalties.

How to apply for a work permit

Applying for a work permit before arriving in Kenya is a straightforward but detailed process:

• Create an account: Start by setting up an account on the Kenyan Immigration portal.
• Complete the application: Fill out the relevant application form, choosing the class of permit that fits your situation, such as employment (Class D) or business (Class G).
• Gather your documents: You’ll need several documents, including a cover letter from your employer, copies of your passport, two passport-sized photos, and any other required materials specific to your permit class.
• Submit and pay: Once your application is complete, submit it online and pay the necessary fees. You may also be required to visit the immigration office in Nairobi to provide biometrics and complete the process.

Work permits are typically issued for two years, with the possibility of renewal. To renew, you should apply at least three months before your permit expires. Keep in mind that if your employment ends before the permit’s expiry date, you’ll need to surrender your permit and leave Kenya.

Other considerations

If you’re fortunate enough to have secured employment in Kenya, your employer might assist with the work permit process, possibly covering associated costs. For those starting their own business in Kenya, be prepared to demonstrate your business’s earning potential as part of the permit application process.

Some sectors in Kenya, like telecommunications, ICT, oil and gas, receive priority in work permit allocation, making it slightly easier to obtain the necessary documents in these fields.

The application process can take up to three months, so it’s wise to start early. This also gives you ample time to arrange accommodation in Kenya and sort out other logistics before your move.

Once your work permit is approved, you’ll receive an Alien Card, which is your key to registering with the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) for a tax number (KRA PIN).

Useful links

• Kenyan Immigration Portal

Types of work permits for Kenya

Class C – Prescribed profession permits

Kenya’s immigration regulations classify certain jobs as ‘prescribed professions’. These include medical professionals, legal professionals, architects, engineers, accountants and ICT experts. If you’re in one of these fields, you’ll need to register with a relevant professional body in Kenya.

To be formally registered, you must possess the relevant academic qualifications, complete any required training or internships and submit a filled application form along with supporting documents. These may include certified copies of your academic and professional certificates, proof of work experience and payment of a membership application fee.

Like with other classes of work permits, it is best that you seek guidance from a relocation professional and the nearest embassy. Doing this ensures you know exactly which category to apply for and what is needed from you. There are several excellent relocation agencies in Kenya that can assist with the relocation process.

Class D – Employment permits

This permit covers those moving to Kenya for a specific job with a single employer. It’s intended for individuals with skills and qualifications that may not be available in the local workforce and will benefit the country.

If you already have a job in place, consider the Class D permit. You may need to submit contractual details, a cover letter signed by you and your employer, and your curriculum vitae and professional certificates. The application process involves completing Form 25 and providing documents such as a copy of your passport, two recent passport-sized photos, your current immigration status (if already in Kenya), tax compliance certificates and any additional job-specific documents.

Class G – Specific trade, business or consultancy permits

This permit is issued to those looking to invest in a specific trade or set up a business or consultancy in Kenya. The requirements include submitting a completed application Form 25, a signed cover letter, a valid business plan and proof of business registration. You’ll also need to demonstrate proof of capital investment (a minimum of USD 100,000), tax compliance certificates and audited financial statements for renewals.

Expats have successfully established various businesses in Kenya, including hospitality and tourism ventures, technology startups focusing on mobile applications and software development and agribusinesses involved in organic farming and exporting agricultural products. If you’re looking to invest in Kenya, ensuring you meet the capital requirement through bank statements or other financial documents is essential.

Residence permits for Kenya

Certain work permit holders can apply for permanent residence in Kenya, along with ordinary residents who meet specific criteria and spouses of Kenyan citizens.

Permanent residence for work permit holders

If you have held work permits for at least seven years and have resided continuously in Kenya for three years, you can apply for permanent residency. This status, known as Category B, allows you to live and work in Kenya without a work permit. To qualify, you must demonstrate good conduct, including a clean criminal record, and provide proof of financial stability to support yourself without relying on public funds.

Holding permanent residence in Kenya provides several benefits:

• You can live and work in Kenya without needing to apply for a work permit.
• Enjoy access to various public services and benefits, similar to Kenyan citizens.
• Your residency status is secure and does not require renewal like temporary permits.
• You may apply for Kenyan citizenship after fulfilling specific residency requirements.

Permanent residence for spouses of Kenyan citizens

Spouses of Kenyan nationals who have been married for at least three years are entitled to apply for permanent residency. To prove your marriage, you will need to provide documents such as a certified copy of your marriage certificate, proof of cohabitation (e.g., joint bank accounts, utility bills, lease agreements), copies of both spouses’ passports and the Kenyan citizen’s national ID or passport.

Additional benefits for spouses of Kenyan citizens holding permanent residence include:

• You can work in Kenya without needing a separate work permit.
• You may apply for Kenyan citizenship after meeting the residency requirements.
• Easier processes for family reunification, allowing children and dependants to join you in Kenya.

Class K – Ordinary residents permits

This type of permit, Class K, is for ‘ordinary residents’ above the age of 35 and is highly exclusive and limited to wealthier applicants. The income must meet the following criteria:

• Minimum amount: At least USD 24,000 per annum.
• Source of income: Derived from sources outside Kenya or from a pension or annuity payable from sources in Kenya.

If you hold a Class K permit and wish to work, you have a couple of options:

• Obtain a work permit if you wish to engage in employment or business activities.
• Engage in volunteer work, provided it does not generate income without the appropriate permits.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and you should contact your respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Ancient history

• 2.6 million years ago: Prehistoric evidence suggests that the region now known as Kenya has been inhabited by humans for millions of years. The Oldowan industry in Koobi Fora, dating back to 2.6 million years ago, is among the earliest evidence of hominin tool use. By 1.2 million years ago, the Acheulean handaxe culture had developed in Olorgesailie.
• Around 40,000 years ago: Advanced Stone Age technology and long-distance trade were established, as evidenced by findings in Olorgesailie, Southern Kenya.
• 3300 BCE: The Savanna Pastoral Neolithic culture, characterised by pastoralism and stone cairns, spread across East Africa.
• Around 1000 BCE: Bantu-speaking communities began migrating to Kenya from West Africa, bringing agriculture and ironworking skills.

Arab and Portuguese influence

• 1st century CE: Arab traders established trade routes along the East African coast, encouraging the growth of prosperous coastal city-states like Mombasa and Pate. The blending of Arab and African cultures led to the development of Swahili culture, language, architecture, and social structures.
• Arab traders engaged in the capture, transport, and sale of enslaved Africans, driven by demand for labour and concubines in Arab-dominated regions.
• 1498: The arrival of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama marked the beginning of European contact with Kenya. Portuguese influence in the coastal region increased, leading to the establishment of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593.
• 17th century: The Omani Arabs overthrew the Portuguese and gained control over the coastal trade routes, establishing the Sultanate of Oman in Zanzibar. They continued to influence the region, engaging in trade and expanding their influence inland.
• 19th century: The growth of clove plantations in Zanzibar under Sultan Seyyid Said drove demand for enslaved people from the mainland.

British colonisation

• Late 19th century: European explorers, primarily from Britain, started venturing into the interior of Kenya, motivated by the desire to find the source of the Nile and to exploit the region's resources. The British established a presence on the Kenyan coast by signing treaties with coastal leaders that gave them control over trade and administration.
• 1888: The British East Africa Company was formed to oversee British interests in the region. In 1889, it acquired a royal charter, leading to the establishment of the East Africa Protectorate.
• 1890–1905: The Nandi resistance, led by Koitalel Arap Samoei, fiercely opposed the construction of the Uganda Railway and British land encroachments. Koitalel's assassination in 1905 marked a turning point in the suppression of Nandi resistance.
• 1895: The protectorate was renamed the British East Africa Protectorate and came under direct British administration. The capital was established in Nairobi in 1899.
  • British colonisation brought significant changes to Kenya. The British implemented policies that significantly disrupted local economies.
  • They introduced cash crops like coffee and tea, displacing indigenous communities from fertile lands to create large-scale settler farms. This shift from subsistence farming to cash crop production altered traditional land use and labour practices.
  • Forced labour and heavy taxation imposed by the colonial administration further strained local economies and social structures.
• 1903: The completion of the Ugandan Railway was pivotal in the colonisation of Kenya.
• 1909: The East African slave trade declined significantly due to multiple factors. British naval patrols in the Indian Ocean intercepted slave ships, while treaties with local leaders sought to curtail the trade. Slavery was officially abolished in East Africa.
• 1912–1915: Many indigenous communities resisted British rule, leading to sporadic conflicts and uprisings. A notable example is the Giriama rebellion led by Mekatilili Wa Menza.
• 1914–1918: During World War I, Kenyan soldiers, known as the Carrier Corps, fought alongside the British forces in East Africa against German colonial forces. Approximately 45,000 Kenyan Africans perished in the campaign.
• 1920: The British East Africa Protectorate was transformed into the Kenya Colony, administered directly by the British government. Sir Edward Northey became the first governor.
  • The colonial period was marked by racial segregation and discrimination, with the white settlers enjoying privileged status and access to land, while the African majority faced various forms of oppression. The Young Kikuyu Association, started by Harry Thuku in 1920, was among the early nationalist movements.
• 1940s–1950s: The nationalist movement gained momentum, led by figures like Jomo Kenyatta and the Mau Mau rebellion against British colonial rule. The Mau Mau uprising in 1952 was a violent struggle for land and freedom, resulting in significant casualties and repression.

Independence

• 1963: Kenya achieved independence on December 12, with Jomo Kenyatta becoming the country's first Prime Minister and later President.
• 1964: Kenya became a republic, and Jomo Kenyatta continued to serve as the President.
  • Upon achieving independence, the new government faced the daunting task of land redistribution to address historical injustices. The 'Million Acre Settlement Scheme' was initiated to buy back land from European settlers and redistribute it to African farmers.
  • The government embarked on nation-building efforts, focusing on unifying the diverse ethnic groups and fostering a sense of national identity. This included establishing national institutions, developing infrastructure and implementing educational reforms.
• 1970s–1980s: Kenya experienced political and economic turbulence, including widespread corruption and economic decline.
• 1978: Jomo Kenyatta passed away, and Daniel arap Moi succeeded him as the President.
  • Moi's rule was characterised by authoritarianism, repression of dissent, and political instability. The assassination of Josiah Mwangi Kariuki in 1975 and the attempted coup in 1982 were significant events during his tenure.
• 1990s: Kenya underwent a period of political liberalisation, and multi-party democracy was reintroduced. The repeal of Section 2A of the constitution in 1991 marked a pivotal moment in this transition.

21st-century developments

• 2002: Moi's 24-year rule ended when Mwai Kibaki was elected President in a peaceful transition of power. Kibaki's presidency focused on economic reforms, infrastructure development, and the fight against corruption.
• 2007: A disputed presidential election led to widespread violence and ethnic clashes, resulting in the loss of many lives and the displacement of thousands of people. Kibaki was re-elected amidst controversy, but a power-sharing agreement was later reached with the opposition leader, Raila Odinga.
• 2010: Kenya adopted a new constitution following a referendum. This was a significant step towards national reconciliation and political stability.
• 2013: Uhuru Kenyatta, the son of Jomo Kenyatta, was elected President, becoming the youngest President in Kenya's history. His presidency focused on infrastructure development, economic growth, and regional integration. Kenyatta's administration faced criticism for corruption, inequality and human rights concerns.
• Kenya has faced significant security challenges, including the Westgate Mall attack in 2013 and the Garissa University attack in 2015, both perpetrated by the extremist group Al-Shabab.
• 2017: Kenyatta was re-elected for a second term, but the opposition disputed the results, leading to political tensions and protests. The Supreme Court annulled the initial election results, and a second election was held, which Kenyatta won.
• 2018: The handshake between Kenyatta and Raila Odinga marked a significant moment of political reconciliation. This agreement aimed to address longstanding political and ethnic divisions.
• 2022: William Ruto was elected as the 5th President of Kenya, promising to address economic challenges and promote national unity.

If you are moving to Kenya and unsure of what to expect, you will be pleasantly surprised by the range and quality of accommodation available. If you are European, in particular, you can look forward to finding more spacious accommodation than anything you’d be able to find back home.

Types of accommodation in Kenya

If you’re moving to Kenya, you’ll find a broad spectrum of rental properties perfect for various lifestyles and budgets. Choices range from standalone houses on spacious plots away from city centres to charming garden cottages, maisonettes, and luxurious villas. Downtown apartment blocks and townhouse complexes are also popular, especially in Nairobi.

Freestanding houses

Freestanding houses are a hit among expat families moving to Kenya. These properties often feature extensive gardens and entertainment areas, but they come at a price. You might find everything from simple bungalows to luxurious multi-storey homes.

Apartment blocks

Like most major cities, Kenya’s urban areas are dotted with apartments. High-rise buildings and secure smaller flats and townhouses are available. Apartments typically suit young and single expats looking for short-term rentals. Plus, apartment managers usually handle the upkeep, which means less hassle.

Gated complexes and estates

Gated complexes or estates are among Kenya’s most common expat accommodation options. These safe, securely walled-in communities offer houses and flats with shared amenities like swimming pools.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Accommodation in Kenya varies in terms of furnishings. Apartments often come fully furnished, a popular but pricier option. Most other properties come semi-furnished or unfurnished. Shipping furniture to Kenya can be a long, costly, and frustrating process, so buying locally might be easier. However, imported furniture is expensive, and local pieces can vary in quality. Furnishing your home is another crucial budget factor to consider.

Short-term lets

Renting expat accommodation in Kenya through platforms like Airbnb has become a popular choice, particularly in urban hubs like Nairobi and Mombasa. These short-term rentals offer flexibility and convenience, allowing you to choose from a wide variety of properties, whether you’re staying for a few days or a couple of months. 

In Nairobi alone, the number of Airbnb listings has more than doubled in recent years, reflecting the growing demand for these types of accommodations. Whether you prefer a cosy apartment in the city centre or a serene beachfront property in Mombasa, the options are plentiful.

Useful links

• Airbnb

Finding accommodation in Kenya

Looking for accommodation in Kenya? Start with reliable online property portals like Property24, BuyRentKenya and PigiaMe. These platforms provide extensive listings and detailed information about various areas and suburbs, helping you plan your budget well before you leave your home country.

Don’t overlook the power of social media. Facebook groups, Instagram and TikTok offer real-time property listings and allow you to interact directly with property owners and agents. Networking through these platforms can lead you to some hidden gems in the local real estate market.

Engaging a real estate agent can also be highly beneficial. Agents possess in-depth market knowledge, access to exclusive listings, and strong negotiation skills. They’ll help you find a property matching your preferences and budget while also handling the paperwork, making your relocation smoother.

Useful links

• BuyRentKenya
• Property24 Kenya
• PigiaMe
• Jumia House

Renting accommodation in Kenya

Accommodation in Kenya can be pricey, and you might need to finance it yourself without employer support. This makes rent a significant monthly expense. If you are working in Kenya, it’s wise to negotiate a housing stipend in your employment contract, which is quite common here.

Leases

New arrivals looking to rent in Kenya must understand tenancy laws and what a rental contract entails. Scrutinise your lease carefully and consider enlisting the help of an estate agent or a specialist in Kenyan property law. Rental agreements typically range from three months to two years. If you plan to stay longer, you can negotiate to extend and renew your lease.

Leases in Kenya often favour landlords, but there are restrictions on rent increases. Landlords cannot raise the rent within the first 12 months of the tenancy or 12 months of the previous increase.

Deposits

Deposits in Kenya usually equate to three months’ rent, though some landlords may ask for one month’s rent. This deposit covers damages caused by tenants, though landlords are responsible for general repairs and basic wear and tear. Deposits are refundable at the end of the lease, but laws regarding deposits can be unclear. 

If you terminate the lease early, you might have to wait until the original end date to get your deposit back. Always give enough notice if you plan to leave early; landlords must also give notice before evicting tenants.

Home safety and security costs

Home safety is a concern in Kenya due to social inequality. Most expat accommodations have security measures, or you can install them easily. Typical security packages include stationed guards or night security guards, motion-sensor outdoor lighting, burglar bars on windows, panic buttons, and nighttime intruder alarms. Initially, this may seem overwhelming, but many tenants feel safe with these measures in place.

Townhouse complexes, known as gated communities or estates, offer added safety with security guards controlling access at a boom gate. Renting a private standalone house might mean bearing security costs unless covered by your employment contract. In gated estates, security systems are often included in the rent.

Utilities in Kenya

Utility bills are not usually included in rental prices and are an additional cost to tenants. You should be prepared to pay for your electricity, water, gas, and internet separately.

Electricity

Electricity costs in Kenya can vary based on usage. Payments are typically made directly to Kenya Power. You can pay your bills via mobile money platforms like M-Pesa, bank transfers, or at designated payment centres. Regularly check your bills for accuracy and request a breakdown of charges if needed.

Gas

Gas is commonly used for cooking in Kenya. A typical 29-pound (13kg) gas cylinder can last a month or more, depending on usage. Refilling your gas cylinder is straightforward, with many service stations and local shops offering refill services.

Water

The cost of water varies. Water bills are paid to local water service providers. Ensure you monitor your water usage to avoid high bills and promptly report any discrepancies to the service provider.

Bins and recycling

Waste management in Kenya includes municipal services and private companies. Local governments provide waste collection services in urban areas, but efficiency can vary. 

Private waste management companies offer regular pickups and recycling services for an additional fee. Community initiatives are also in place to improve waste management practices and promote recycling. Residents are encouraged to separate recyclables like plastics, paper, and metals from general waste.

Internet

Kenya has a competitive internet service provider (ISP) market. Popular options include Safaricom, Zuku, Telkom and Airtel. Service quality can vary, but major ISPs like Safaricom and Zuku generally provide reliable connections, especially in urban areas.

Useful links

• Kenya Power
• Safaricom
• Zuku
• Telkom Kenya

If you want to make a success of doing business in Kenya, you’ll need to bring a few things to the boardroom table: patience, respect for cultural differences, and an ability to build personal relationships.

If you’ve done well working in Kenya, you’ve likely realised there’s little that can be done to avoid the corruption and ethnic division that undermine the country’s economy. For those who can navigate the red tape and pitfalls, Kenya presents a dynamic business opportunity with its desire to expand the IT, e-commerce, and telecom sectors and make its mark in today’s digital world.

Here are some aspects of business culture to consider when working in Kenya.

Fast facts

Business hours

8am or 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday, although banks often close earlier.

Business language

English is most commonly used in business and is one of Kenya’s two official languages, along with Swahili. While fluency in Swahili isn't required, knowing some basic phrases can enhance communication and show respect for local culture.

Greetings

A handshake is an appropriate greeting. Start with the most senior person in the group, and be sure to shake hands with each person present. Adding a touch on the shoulder is sometimes customary.

Knowing a few Swahili greetings like 'Habari' (How are you?) can go a long way in fostering goodwill.

Dress

Dress neatly and presentably. Dark formal suits are standard, despite the heat. Women should wear professional attire such as dresses, skirts or trousers paired with blouses.

Gifts

Gift-giving is a common practice in business. Gifts should be small and tasteful. Branded stationery is usually an appropriate choice. Presents aren't necessarily expected, but a gift basket during Christmas is common. Avoid extravagant or personal gifts. Alcohol can be sensitive depending on the recipient's background.

Gender equality

Traditionally, Kenyan culture tends to be patriarchal, and the corporate environment sometimes reflects this. However, this is slowly changing as the country modernises. Initiatives like the Gender and Equality Bill promote gender equality.

The role of women in business has seen significant progress over the past decade, with more women in leadership roles and starting their own enterprises.

Business culture in Kenya

Business culture in Kenya is governed by harambee, a concept involving mutual assistance, responsibility, and community. Harambee reflects Kenya’s group orientation, contrasting with the individualism of Western cultures. Respect for family, community and ancestors is key.

Management style

Kenya is largely a hierarchical society. Deference to seniority is expected, and senior employees seldom consult those of lower rank. Social standing is important, and official titles should be included when introducing or addressing someone.

Multinational corporations may adopt a flatter structure that encourages open communication, while local companies often exhibit more hierarchical management styles.

Communication style

Blunt statements are best avoided, as they may appear rude. Likewise, outright refusal is rare, making it hard to decipher true intentions. If someone is making evasive or subtle remarks, it may indicate hesitation or disagreement.

Control your emotions and avoid displaying anger or using profanities, especially in public settings. Using phrases like "I see your point, but..." can help maintain politeness while presenting an alternative view.

Time

Meetings generally begin on time, but there's little chance of an end time always being adhered to. Spending time on small talk is essential – rushing this aspect will leave a bad impression. The Kenyan concept of time is traditionally ‘fluid’, especially for social gatherings, but efficiency and punctuality are valued in business settings.

Business meetings

Tradition and history are greatly respected. Kenyan businesspeople have a low tolerance for risk, and decision-makers tend to proceed cautiously, committing only once all information has been considered. This requires patience on your part.

Networking

Business success is closely connected to interpersonal success, so it’s vital to invest time in getting to know potential partners and understanding their culture and background. Attend industry conferences, trade fairs and business expos. LinkedIn is widely used for professional networking.

Dos and don’ts of business in Kenya

• Do take the time to properly greet business associates
• Do enquire about the health and family of associates
• Don’t get angry or emotional about a business issue
• Do maintain a friendly tone at meetings
• Don’t rush proceedings or decision-making

The thought of moving to Kenya may conjure images of magical landscapes and rare wildlife, but it's also a place of cosmopolitan cities that are drawing more and more expats.

Living in Kenya as an expat

Kenya may not be considered a popular expat destination, but this is slowly changing as the country is starting to be viewed as a viable destination for working expats looking to raise a family in an interesting and culturally diverse environment.

Nairobi is widely considered a hub for business and development in eastern Africa and offers an exciting lifestyle. Many expats working in Kenya find themselves employed as well-paid managers in multinational companies, at embassies or as development and NGO employees and volunteers.

Kenya is generally a politically stable country with developed healthcare facilities, an improving public transport network and a strong education system that serves a diverse population.

That said, expat life can be insulated from Kenyan society as the fear of crime, particularly in large cities, sometimes cloisters foreigners behind the gates of housing compounds. Those who emerge from behind this curtain of fear can really enjoy the different cultures of Kenya, all of which are famously welcoming and cheerful.

Cost of living in Kenya

Kenya has a fairly gentle cost of living, but new arrivals need to remember that amenities such as private healthcare, international schools and comfortable homes can inflate the cost of living in Kenya tremendously. Nairobi is more affordable than other African cities like Maputo, Mozambique, while its living costs are comparable to Kigali, Rwanda.

You will also likely incur additional living expenses you wouldn’t back home, such as the cost of clean drinking water and a security guard or driver. Fortunately, many expats find that their employment contracts cover some of the heftiest expenses.

Expat families and children

You may find yourself longing for everyday conveniences and the familiar efficiency of home. But you may also find that the luxuries Kenya has to offer, such as large houses and high expat salaries, make for a higher quality of life. Add to that Kenya's fantastic natural landscapes with its savannah grasslands, lakelands and mountains, as well as its wealth of national parks and sanctuaries, and it's no wonder you may fall in love with the country. You don't need to venture out far to experience this, as the capital city of Nairobi is home to the popular Nairobi National Park, while Mombasa affords refreshing coastal views.

As a parent relocating to Kenya, you can rest assured that your children will have an excellent selection of schools to choose from. While there are some good government schools in Kenya, especially in major cities, you may rather opt to enrol your children in private or international schools as these generally have higher standards and students can continue in their home curriculum.

Climate in Kenya

Kenya's heat may take some getting used to, especially if you are from a colder climate. The coast hosts a humid, tropical climate, while the inland areas are more temperate. The north and northeast parts of the country are hot with dry conditions and little rain.

Overall, whether your life in Kenya turns out to be an unwelcome posting or a grand opportunity, you will certainly have a truly unique and memorable experience.

Fast facts

Official name: Republic of Kenya

Population: 58 million

Capital city: Nairobi

Neighbouring countries: Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, South Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south and southwest.

Geography: Situated on the east coast of Central Africa, Kenya has a varied geography. This ranges from low-lying plains in the east of the country to the fertile highlands of central Kenya, home to Africa's second-highest peak, Mount Kenya.

Political system: Unitary presidential constitutional republic

Major religions: Christianity and Islam

Main languages: English and Swahili

Money: The Kenyan Shilling (KES), divided into 100 cents. Expats can open a bank account in Kenya, but many prefer to continue using their overseas accounts, especially if they're only in the country for a short period. ATMs are widely available in major cities.

Tipping: Tips are common for most small services, in addition to the standard 10 percent expected in restaurants.

Time: GMT+3

Electricity: 240V 50Hz. UK-style plugs with three flat blades are used.

Internet domain: .ke

International dialling code: +254

Emergency contacts: 999

Transport and driving: While public transport is available in all of Kenya's big cities, it's not always efficient or safe. The best option is for expats to use a private vehicle and hire a driver who is familiar with the local driving conditions. Driving is on the left-hand side.

With so much to plan and consider, if you are moving to Kenya, you are sure to have a few queries and concerns about your destination. Below we try to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about Kenya.

Do I need a car in Kenya?

Yes. You will need a car to get around as public transport in Kenya is limited and sometimes unsafe. It's advisable to invest in a reliable vehicle, as breaking down can present its own safety problems. An alternative is to hire a vehicle from a rental agency.

That said, there are several ways of getting around in Kenya. The fairly new Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) now connects Nairobi to several major cities and towns, making trips between these destinations much easier.

Additionally, the introduction of electric buses in Nairobi's bus rapid transit (BRT) system has improved public transport significantly.

Are there reliable internet service providers in Kenya?

Yes, Kenya has reliable internet. The telecommunications market is competitive, with a number of new providers entering the market in the past two years, enhancing service quality.

Internet speeds and reliability have generally improved, with more widespread adoption of high-speed fibre optic and 4G/5G networks. Some providers have introduced new technologies and services, such as improved home Wi-Fi solutions and mobile data plans tailored for expats.

Is my house going to be safe?

In terms of accommodation in Kenya, many people live in gated communities and compounds. These are usually safe and often have dedicated security guards. If you live in a freestanding home, you will largely be responsible for your own security arrangements and should make sure your budget can accommodate the cost of this.

While security systems and guards may be an element of culture shock, they can make both locals and new arrivals feel more secure in their homes.

The overall security situation in Kenya remains stable, with no major changes in the past two years. Many households and communities have adopted new security technologies, such as smart home systems and neighbourhood watch apps, to enhance safety.

We recommend you familiarise yourself with the main safety concerns in Kenya.

What is the healthcare like in Kenya?

The standard of healthcare in Kenya varies. You may generally opt for private hospitals as these generally offer a much higher standard of care than public facilities. We recommend you invest in health insurance that includes cover for potential repatriation for more complicated medical procedures.

Kenya's healthcare system has undergone significant reforms in recent years, with the government working towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC). New healthcare laws enacted in November 2023 aim to broaden the scope of public healthcare and provide financial protection to all citizens and long-term residents.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for improvements in the healthcare system, and the government has taken steps to enhance preparedness and response capabilities. Private healthcare facilities continue to provide high-quality services, and many expats choose to use these facilities or obtain international health insurance plans.

What are schools like in Kenya?

Schools in Kenya deliver a high standard of education, and if you can afford it, you may generally opt for private and international schools that follow an international curriculum.

It's important to research these schools in advance and make budget allowances for related school fees. Several new international and private schools have opened in recent years, offering a wide range of curricula and teaching methods. The government has also made efforts to improve the quality of public education, with a focus on STEM subjects and digital literacy.

Is it expensive to live in Kenya?

Your expenses really depend on where you settle in Kenya and your lifestyle preferences. Most expats move to Nairobi, the capital city, where the cost of living is higher than elsewhere in the country, with particularly high accommodation costs.

While it's not as expensive as many European destinations, don't be fooled into thinking everything is cheap. Lucrative employment packages generally make up for high costs, though, and it's easy to find discounts to save money.

The cost of living in Kenya has remained relatively stable in recent years, with some fluctuations in housing costs, particularly in major cities like Nairobi. Housing prices have seen a slight increase, but there is still a good supply of affordable options for expats.

The availability and pricing of essential goods and services have not changed significantly, and you can find a wide range of products and services to meet your needs. We recommend budgeting and negotiating with employers for particular benefits.

Opening a bank account will likely be a priority for you when relocating to Kenya. Fortunately, banking in Kenya is easy and efficient, and banks can be found in most major towns and cities.

Although the process is straightforward, you will need to follow specific steps and provide certain documents to open a bank account, such as presenting a copy of your employment contract and proof of a local address.

Money in Kenya

The official currency in Kenya is the Kenyan Shilling (KES), subdivided into 100 cents.

• Notes: KES 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000
• Coins: 50 cents (rarely used), KES 1, 5, 10 and 20

When moving to Kenya, you will need to exchange currency for the local shillings. You can exchange money at international airports, in bureaux de change, and certain banks in major cities. Some hotels may offer local currency, but the rate might not be so favourable.

Banking in Kenya

Many large international banks have branches in Nairobi or partnerships with local banks. This can make transferring money between your home country and Kenya easier. Inform your home bank about your relocation to ensure a smooth process.

The largest banks are Absa Bank Kenya and Standard Chartered Kenya, which are international, and KCB Bank Kenya, Co-operative Bank of Kenya, and Equity Bank Kenya, which are local. All banks follow the guidelines and management issued by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK).

It's useful to have cash on hand in Kenya. Bank card payments are common, especially with Visa and Mastercard, although some areas, markets, and shops only accept cash payments.

Banking hours in Kenya are mainly from 9am to 3pm, Monday to Friday. Some banks may open earlier and close later. Banks often close around midday on Saturdays and remain closed on Sundays.

Opening a bank account

When opening a bank account in Kenya, watch out for account fees. Visit different banking websites and research their services and account types. Check if a fixed monthly fee or an individual fee per transaction is charged.

After finding a suitable bank, visit the nearest branch in person. They will assist with setting up your account. Processing the necessary documents shouldn't take long, and your account should be activated within a day or so.

Opening an account at any of Kenya's banks is straightforward, though required documents vary. Check if a Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) PIN or tax number is needed or if a local phone number is enough.

You will generally need to present identification, such as your passport, along with proof of your Kenyan address. This can be a utility bill or a similar statement that shows your name and address.

Credit cards and ATMs

ATMs are easily found in Kenya's big cities, and several banks have effective online banking services. Restaurants and shopping malls in major cities have credit card facilities, but charges can be high. It's often better to pay with a local debit card or cash.

Taxes in Kenya

You should be aware of the tax implications when working in Kenya. The Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) manages all tax-related matters in the country. Their website is comprehensive, offering various online services and tax guides. If you are not clued up on accounting and tax processes, it’s best to enlist the services of tax specialists. They will be familiar with the latest guidelines.

Income tax in Kenya is on a graduated scale based on your earnings. Rates range from 10 to 35 percent. Non-cash benefits, such as housing, utilities, and company cars, are also taxed. Expat employees frequently receive generous employment packages, including benefits like housing, utilities, furniture, a company car, and school fees for dependants.

You may wonder what it means to be considered a resident for tax purposes. In Kenya, this includes anyone with a permanent home in the country or those present for at least 183 days in one tax year. It also includes those without a permanent home but who have resided in Kenya during the tax year and the previous two years for at least 122 days a year.

If you are considered a resident for tax purposes, you are liable for tax on income generated both in Kenya and abroad. Non-residents are only taxed on income earned in and derived from Kenya.

Kenya has double-taxation treaties with several countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Germany and the United Arab Emirates. You should find out if your home country is part of a double-taxation agreement, which exempts you from certain taxes abroad.

Getting a tax number

If you are working in Kenya and considered a resident for tax purposes, you should obtain a tax number or KRA PIN.

Once your work permit has been processed, you will receive an Alien Card. This allows you to register with the KRA and obtain a KRA PIN. Visiting the KRA website, you will find instructions and an online form. You will need to provide your Alien ID card, basic information, and company details. After processing, you will get your tax number.

This number is used for filing self-assessment tax returns, due at the end of June each year. While employers deduct tax from their employees' incomes, you must submit these tax returns. We recommend asking for support from a tax adviser.

Useful links

• Kenya Revenue Authority
• KRA PIN Registration
• Alien Card Registration