Local culture in New Zealand is influenced by both British colonial heritage and traditional Māori practices. English is one of the country’s official languages, which makes adjusting to life on the islands significantly easier for many expats. Māori cultural heritage is important in New Zealand – learning local customs is a great way to make friends and get settled.

Cultural differences in New Zealand

Although locals are largely warm, courteous, and laid back, they can also be reserved, which may feel isolating at times. Families and communities play an important role in New Zealand culture – it can be difficult for expats to ‘get a foot in the door’ and not feel like an outsider.

That said, the Kiwis take the safety and upbringing of children very seriously, and you might be pleasantly surprised by how helpful and generous strangers can be, especially when families or children are in need.

Māori culture in New Zealand

The Māori people are a minority in New Zealand, but their connection to their ancestors, nature, the land, and their language, te reo Māori, defines the cultural landscape of the country. Originally hailing from what today is French Polynesia, the Māori are a tight-knit but welcoming people.

If you follow rugby, you’ll probably have encountered the Haka – a war dance that shows strength and communicates cultural pride. Other notable customs are the Hongi, a type of greeting that involves the pressing of noses and ‘sharing of breath’, and the practice of tā Moko, a type of symbolic tattooing that communicates a Māori’s heritage and personal history.

Outdoor lifestyle and sports in New Zealand

The country’s pleasant climate and beautiful scenery make it an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Fortunately, New Zealanders are passionate about sports, fitness, and nature, meaning you’re likely to have something in common with many locals.

While sports such as cricket, netball, and soccer are popular, rugby is decidedly the favourite national pastime. The national team, the All Blacks, is one of the strongest sides in the world, having won the Rugby World Cup several times.

LGBTQ+ community and rights in New Zealand

New Zealand is a LGBTQ+ friendly country. It is illegal to discriminate against anyone based on their sexual orientation or gender identity, and all individuals, LGBTQ+ or otherwise, share the same rights and freedoms. Same-sex marriage is legal, and it is possible to change your gender on your birth certificate, citizenship record, and any other form of official identification.

LGBTQ+ communities thrive in the bigger cities like Auckland and Wellington, and host frequent parades and festivals. It is worth keeping in mind that public displays of affection are generally frowned upon, regardless of your sexual preference or identity.

Women in New Zealand

Women in New Zealand are treated as equals – around half the seats in parliament are occupied by women, and the country has consistently ranked in the top 10 of the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index.

Before deciding to relocate, it’s a good idea to familiarise yourself with the pros and cons of moving to New Zealand. The country’s stunning landscapes, mild climate, and high standard of living make it a popular destination for expats. From the snow-capped Southern Alps to the golden beaches of the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand's natural beauty is truly remarkable. This is coupled with a relaxed way of life and a strong sense of community, making it an ideal place for those seeking a slower pace of life.

However, as with any big move, you should be prepared for the challenges of transitioning to a new country. While New Zealand is a welcoming place, its geographical remoteness and cultural differences can make the adjustment difficult. Take the time to research and understand the local customs and etiquette, especially in the workplace.

The cost of living in New Zealand can be high – be sure to budget carefully and negotiate your salary accordingly. With the right preparation, though, you’ll make the most of your time in New Zealand.

Below, we've put together a list of the pros and cons of moving to New Zealand.

Moving to New Zealand

Government and policies in New Zealand

+ PRO: The government is progressive and inclusive

The New Zealand government has been praised for its progressive policies focused on the well-being of its citizens. Five major priorities have been put forward by the government: reducing child poverty, improving mental health, addressing inequalities experienced by the Māori and Pacific Islanders, transitioning to a green economy and thriving in a digital age.

+ PRO: It's one of the least corrupt places in the world

New Zealand was ranked fourth out of 180 countries on Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index. From an outside perspective, any political scandals that do exist tend to be minor compared to those of other countries.

Environment and weather in New Zealand

+ PRO: It has an astonishing amount of beautiful scenery

In terms of natural scenery, New Zealand is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. For such a small country, it has an amazing range of landscapes, including rainforests, glaciers, mountains, semideserts, plains, fjords, and a variety of coastlines.

- CON: The risk of skin cancer is high

New Zealand is a gloriously sunny country. Unfortunately, it's right under a hole in the ozone layer. This means that New Zealand experiences higher amounts of UV rays, increasing the prevalence of sunburn and skin cancer. The strong sunshine also means that anything placed next to a window at home will lose its colour very quickly.

+ PRO: The weather is just right

New Zealand's climate is a temperate one. It rarely gets too cold or too hot, although it definitely has more sunshine than rain. Winters are warm on the North Island, but the South Island can experience some snow. New Zealand is just about the only country in the world where one could, theoretically, swim at the beach and ski down a mountain on the same day. 

- CON: There are a lot of mosquitoes and sandflies

When moving to New Zealand, prepare to deal with mosquito and sandfly bites. Though not dangerous, they can be extremely itchy, uncomfortable, and annoying. The first summer is always the worst, and you should make sure to use insect repellent when enjoying the warm evenings.

Weather in New Zealand

Safety and location in New Zealand

+ PRO: It's one of the safest places in the world

New Zealand was ranked fourth on the 2024 Global Peace Index, a global think tank report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP). The country's high rank is largely due to its political stability, low crime rate, and lack of involvement in conflict, both internally and externally.

- CON: It's rather isolated from the rest of the world

New Zealand is a small island country at the bottom of the world. This means that New Zealanders have to fly a long way if they want to visit any other country that isn't Australia or one of the Pacific Islands, making overseas holidays very expensive. You may also find that you can’t afford to visit relatives back home as often as you might like to. New Zealand's distance from the rest of the world also increases the cost of imported goods.

Lifestyle in New Zealand

+ PRO: It's a laid-back country

New Zealand is the place to go for a relaxed lifestyle. People don't expect too much, and the work-life balance emphatically favours the life side. Community and family are important to Kiwis – making time for friends and relatives is easy.

+ PRO: It's uncrowded

In terms of area, New Zealand is just slightly larger than Britain, yet it has only about 5 million people in it. Auckland is the only place in the country where one needs to worry about traffic. The beaches are peaceful, and people tend to be easygoing.

+ PRO: New Zealand has good food

New Zealand has world-class seafood, lamb, wines, and cheeses. In some parts of the country, it can be difficult to find a bad restaurant, and the café culture is booming. There's plenty of delicious Asian food around, as well as the best of European cuisine presented in a range of fresh Kiwi styles.

- CON: Life in New Zealand can be rather quiet

While there is plenty to do outdoors, and the larger cities do have a thriving, if limited, nightlife, New Zealand does not compare to the busy and bustling streets of cities in the UK and the US. While this may suit those who are looking for a quieter life, young adults and students may find themselves longing for more to occupy their evenings.

Education and Schools in New Zealand
Transport and Driving in New Zealand

People in New Zealand

+ PRO: Really friendly locals

Everyone who's ever been to New Zealand seems to agree that the Kiwis are a friendly people. This has a lot to do with their relaxed attitude towards life in general.

+ PRO: It's very multicultural

New Zealand is a society of immigrants. Even its native inhabitants, the Māori, have only been in the country for about 800 years. Most of the population is of (relatively recent) European descent, and there are also a lot of people from Asia and the Pacific Islands. While the country still bears the scars of colonisation, racism is minimal, and many cultures are joyously evident.

- CON: Tall Poppy Syndrome

New Zealanders are very down-to-earth people who despise pretentiousness. As the proverb goes, tall poppies will be ‘cut down’ – meaning that equality is prized and individual achievements aren't something to be boasted about.

Local Culture in New Zealand

Cost of living in New Zealand

+ PRO: Affordable, quality public services

New Zealand's commitment to providing high-quality, affordable public services has helped to create a high standard of living for its residents and has contributed to the country's reputation as a desirable destination for expats and visitors alike. 

The island country is known for having a high-quality public healthcare system that is affordable for its citizens and permanent residents. The National Health Service (NHS) provides access to a wide range of medical services, including doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription medications, and emergency care.

In addition to healthcare, New Zealand's public education system is also highly regarded and provides free education for children up to the age of 18. Transport in New Zealand is also well-developed, with affordable and reliable public transport options available in most cities and towns.

- CON: Dental treatment can be very expensive

While healthcare is subsidised in New Zealand, dental treatment is not. Although it's free for people under 18, the cost of both appointments and treatments for adults can be high. Because of this, just over half the population of New Zealand does not see a dentist regularly, if ever – it's simply too expensive for lower- and even middle-income people.

- CON: Housing prices in Auckland are extremely high

Auckland is New Zealand's biggest city, with half of the total population of the country living in or around it. It's also about the only place where jobs are available, and it's where most migrants go. It's no wonder there's a housing crisis. Rent continues to go up, with some people having to pay nearly half their income towards it. That said, once moving outside of Auckland, although still costly, reasonable rent can be found.

Cost of Living in New Zealand
Healthcare in New Zealand
Accommodation in New Zealand

Work opportunities in New Zealand

+ PRO: Workplaces are egalitarian

New Zealand society is socially fluid. There is little or no talk of ‘class’, and old-fashioned ideas of ‘dressing to impress’ are largely frowned upon. The wage gap has widened significantly since the 1980s, but the Kiwi attitude that wealth has nothing to do with a person's value is still alive and well.

- CON: New Zealand has limited career options

Because of the aforementioned small population, jobs in a specific field can be hard to come by. Many Kiwis who dream big are forced to leave New Zealand upon the completion of their studies. Artists also tend to struggle more here, as the opportunities are limited.

Working in New Zealand
Work Permits for New Zealand

New Zealand's climate is generally temperate, with mild conditions, moderate rainfall, and plenty of sunshine. That being said, the climate can vary significantly depending on where in the country you are.

The North Island tends to be warmer and more humid than the South Island, while coastal areas are usually milder than inland. The country is also known for its fluctuating weather patterns, which can bring sudden changes in temperature and weather conditions.

Auckland has a frequently warm and wet, almost subtropical, climate. Summers are humid, while winters are brisk and rainy. Tropical cyclones occasionally affect the city, while cold fronts are not uncommon in the colder months.

Wellington, on the other hand, is known for its windy and cool climate. Temperatures seldom exceed 64°F (18°C), and won't drop much below 47°F (8°C), even in June, which is typically the coldest month.

New Zealand is typically wetter than nearby Australia, with higher average rainfall across the country. Overall, the weather in New Zealand is largely milder and more stable than in many other parts of the world, making it a popular destination for expats seeking a comfortable and pleasant climate.

New Zealand’s safety, stability, and English-speaking environment, along with its positive attitude towards entrepreneurship and foreign investment, make it an attractive destination if you’re seeking work permits for New Zealand. Cities like Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch are popular choices if you want to establish your own business or work in New Zealand.

If you’re moving to New Zealand from Australia, you won’t need a work permit or work visa to legally work in the country. However, anyone else will need one.

New Zealand offers several working visa categories, each with specific requirements and criteria. Immigration New Zealand’s website is a useful and up-to-date tool for helping you navigate this complex system. It will assist you in finding the visa that suits your field, skill set, and intentions.

It’s crucial to thoroughly research the work permit process before applying. Being prepared is half the battle, and the right visa can make all the difference in how smoothly you settle into your new adventure. Complex documentation requirements, understanding eligibility criteria, and processing delays can all pose challenges, but knowing what to expect can help you stay ahead of the game.

Useful links

• Immigration New Zealand has an extensive guide to the different visa options available to visitors and those relocating to New Zealand.

Types of work permits in New Zealand

Working Holiday Scheme

New Zealand’s Working Holiday Scheme visa is available to nationals of certain countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This visa lets you stay and work in New Zealand for up to one year – 23 months if you’re from the UK or Canada. It’s a fantastic option if you’re a young traveller looking to fund your adventures around the country.

Generally, working holiday visa applicants need to be between 18 and 30 years old (or up to 35 for some countries like Canada, France, and Ireland). You’ll also need to prove you have sufficient funds to support yourself and show evidence of onward travel out of New Zealand. In addition, you must have medical insurance to cover your stay and show that your main reason for visiting is a holiday, with work being secondary.

Applications for a working holiday visa are done online, and typically, you’ll get a response within 4 to 8 weeks. Make sure all your paperwork is in order to avoid any delays.

Accredited Employer Work Visa

The Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV) is designed for expats who have a job offer from an accredited employer in New Zealand. Recent reforms make this pathway more streamlined. Wage thresholds based on the median wage apply, though roles must still offer market rates and meet advertising requirements unless exempt. If you’re in construction, the local hire requirement has been reduced from 35 percent to 15 percent, making it easier for employers to hire international talent.

You’ll need at least two years of relevant work experience – a reduction from the previous three years – or a recognised NZQA Level 4 qualification. Accredited employers no longer need to complete the Employment New Zealand online modules during accreditation, streamlining the process further.

Work rights for Interim Visa holders have also been expanded, so you can continue working seamlessly while awaiting your AEWV approval. If you’re in a Level 4 or 5 role, your visa duration will increase to three years from 2025, aligning with the maximum stay allowed for these positions.

Skilled Migrant Visa

The Skilled Migrant Visa is ideal if you want to move to New Zealand to live and work permanently. To be eligible, you must be under 55 years old, pass a health screening and a criminal record check, and have a good command of English. This visa uses a points system, with points awarded based on age, experience, qualifications, and employability. Currently, New Zealand requires a minimum of six points to qualify.

You start by submitting an Expression of Interest (EOI) that outlines your family, skills, and experience. If your EOI is successful, you’ll receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA). This process can be competitive, but there’s no cap on the number of people who can gain residence through this category. It’s a great option if you have sought-after skills in areas like healthcare, IT, engineering, or project management.

Processing times can vary, typically taking around six to eight weeks for an ITA. Be prepared for this wait, and ensure all your documentation is complete and accurate to avoid unnecessary delays. Missing documents or incorrect information can lead to rejections, so double-check everything before submitting.

Entrepreneur Work Visa

The Entrepreneur Work Visa is for you if you want to start or buy a business in New Zealand. You need to provide a detailed business plan, and although there is an investment requirement, specific amounts aren’t disclosed here. You also need to claim at least 120 points on the immigration points scale.

The visa is initially valid for 12 months while you set up your business. Once that’s up and running, you can extend it for another 24 months. If your visa is granted, you’ll have the freedom to buy or start a business without necessarily living in New Zealand permanently. It’s also a stepping stone to residency if your business takes off successfully.

Having a solid business plan is key – you need to demonstrate market understanding, financial projections, and operational plans to give your application the best chance of success. Many entrepreneurs also seek local funding or grants to support their ventures, which can further strengthen their business case.

Remember, visa regulations can change at short notice, so always contact your embassy or consulate for the latest details. Incomplete applications or failure to meet character or health requirements are common reasons for visa rejections, so be thorough in your preparation.

The quality of education in New Zealand is ranked among the best in the world, and consistently gets high ratings in the UN Human Development Index. The education system is known for its emphasis on practical learning, critical thinking and creativity.

Expats moving to New Zealand with children will have no difficulty finding an affordable and high-quality school. Cities such as Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch have a broad range of public, private, and international schools to choose from.

Note that the school year in New Zealand follows a different schedule than in the Northern Hemisphere, running from late January to mid-December, with four terms throughout the year.

Public schools in New Zealand

The vast majority of children attend public schools in New Zealand, which are funded by the government and offer free education. Known for providing a high standard of education, these schools can be co-educational or single-sex and are usually secular.

Compulsory education in New Zealand begins at age six and continues until age 16, although children can be enrolled at age five if their parents decide to do so. Though it isn’t compulsory, most children in New Zealand continue on to Years 12 and 13 to acquire the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA).

The NCEA is internationally recognised and accepted by overseas universities. It is awarded at three levels that correspond to Years 11, 12 and 13, and is designed to assess a student's knowledge and skills across a range of subjects.

Public schools in New Zealand generally serve a specific zone and guarantee placement for those living within that zone. This means that families may need to consider the location of schools when deciding where to live. The best schools often have high demand, which can push up property prices in the suburbs in which they are located. You can also apply for an out-of-zone enrolment if you wish to send your children to a school outside your designated zone. These enrolments are based on availability, with in-zone students taking preference. Once all in-zone students have been allocated a place, out-of-zone students are assigned places based on a ballot system.

Useful links

• education.govt.nz
• enz.govt.nz

Student visas

Expat parents planning to enrol their child at a primary or secondary school in New Zealand will need to apply for a Dependent Child Student Visa. Children may be treated as domestic students on this visa, so parents won't have to pay public school fees.

Useful links

• Study with New Zealand

Private and international schools in New Zealand

Private and international schools in New Zealand offer alternative options to public schools, but they can be expensive. Private schools receive some funding from the government, but the majority of their funding comes from school fees.

International schools, which cater to students from a variety of countries, are also available in New Zealand, although they are typically even more expensive than private schools.

For families who frequently move for work or personal reasons, international schools offer the benefit of allowing students to continue with the curriculum from their home country. Commonly offered curricula include the International Baccalaureate (IB), the British system (including Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels), and the American system.

Homeschooling in New Zealand

Homeschooling is not a particularly common in New Zealand. Parents planning to homeschool their children have to apply for permission from the Ministry of Education.

They will need to prove that their child will be taught as regularly and as well as in a regular school – although the law is vague on what counts as sufficient proof. Once the ministry has granted an exemption certificate, parents are then entitled to claim a state-sponsored stipend to help with costs.

Special-needs education in New Zealand

The New Zealand Disability Strategy guides the work of government agencies on disability issues in New Zealand. All local schools and education services provide inclusive education, and teachers and educators are trained to support students with special needs.

In addition to normal teachers with basic special-needs education training, the Resource Teachers: Learning and Behaviour (RTLB) Service employs specialist teachers who work across a number of schools in New Zealand. They support schools and manage the additional learning needs of students in a number of ways.

New Zealand has a number of residential special schools, where children with educational needs relating to issues such as vision, hearing, socialisation, behaviour, and learning can be enrolled. Parents of children with special needs can contact their local office to find out about enrolment.

Useful links

• Resource Teachers: Learning and Behaviour (RTLB) Service

Tutors in New Zealand

Private tutoring is becoming increasingly popular in New Zealand, with many parents seeking additional academic support for their children. Tutors are available through the New Zealand Tutoring Association (NZTA).

As the only association of its kind in the country, the NZTA aims to unify the tutoring industry, represent tutors and tutoring organisations, act as a lobbying group, and raise the standards of tutoring in New Zealand. By working with the NZTA, parents and students can ensure that they are accessing high-quality tutoring services from reputable providers.

Useful links

• New Zealand Tutoring Association

Tertiary education in New Zealand

Tertiary education in New Zealand offers a wide range of formal and vocational options. Different types of institutions include traditional universities, Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITPs), Private Training Establishments (PTEs), Industry Training Organisations (ITOs) as well as Wananga (Māori institutions).

Formal courses are offered by the country's eight universities, where students must meet a minimum level of English language proficiency. The University of Auckland is considered the best university in New Zealand, but the standard of all tertiary education institutions in the country is high. Degrees in New Zealand can either be three-year courses with an optional one-year honours degree or four-year qualifications, depending on the field of study.

Tertiary education is partly state funded, and permanent resident students can benefit from weekly spending allowances, student loans, and support with tuition fees. Expats who don't have permanent residency and plan to study for more than three months will need to obtain a Fee Paying Student Visa.

On your search for accommodation in New Zealand, you’ll find plenty of options to suit your needs. From ranch-style family homes in the suburbs to bachelor apartments in the city centres, the type of accommodation you choose depends on location, budget, and preference. While the cost of rent varies greatly by city and area, accommodation in New Zealand does tend to be fairly pricey, so it’s important to budget carefully.

Types of accommodation in New Zealand

Accommodation in New Zealand ranges from freestanding and duplex houses to apartments and home units. There is also a wide range of architectural styles available, with everything from ultra-modern apartments to older houses in the style of traditional English country homes.

The term 'unit' is generally used to describe any single dwelling in New Zealand, while the term 'home unit' is for a grouping of dwellings. These are either attached, detached, or semi-detached, and sometimes share communal areas like gardens, garages, or courtyards.

Furnished and unfurnished

House rentals in New Zealand are rarely furnished, and the more bedrooms a property has, the less likely it is that it will be furnished. Expect to pay more for well-appointed accommodation, both in rent, and deposits.

Short lets

Short-term rentals are a popular housing option for expats in New Zealand who need temporary accommodation. These rentals typically last from a few days to several months and are fully furnished and serviced, making them convenient as a temporary base while you explore the area and look for something more permanent. Short lets can be found through online platforms such as Airbnb or via real estate agencies.

Useful links

• Airbnb

Finding accommodation in New Zealand

Much of your search for accommodation in New Zealand will be conducted online, and there are many excellent property portals available for this. Popular property websites include Trade Me Property, Real Estate NZ and Harcourts.

Finding a property to rent in New Zealand is usually not too difficult. That said, if you’re pressed for time, consider using the services of a real estate agent. These professionals have a knowledge of the property market in their respective areas and are in a good position to help new arrivals find exactly what they're looking for. It is worth noting that the fees charged by a real estate agent are paid by the landlord and not the tenant.

Relocation companies also frequently offer home-search services, vetting available accommodation and arranging viewings, making them an appealing prospect for those looking for an all-in-one moving solution.

The demand for good rental properties in New Zealand is high, so it's important to make contact early.

Useful links

• Trade Me
• realestate.co.nz
• Harcourts

Renting accommodation in New Zealand

Renting a property in New Zealand is usually straightforward, whether for a short or long-term stay. The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) is responsible for housing legislation and official processes and provides standard contracts that outline the responsibilities of both landlords and tenants. Additional services, including dispute resolution and deposit management, are also offered.

Leases

Lease contracts in New Zealand are called Residential Tenancy Agreements (RTAs).

Expats signing an RTA have two options:

• A periodic tenancy, which lasts until either the landlord or the tenant gives notice.
• A fixed-term tenancy, which lasts for a set amount of time, typically 12 months. Both parties should have a copy of the signed agreement.

Costs and fees

Rent in New Zealand is normally calculated weekly – remember to keep this in mind when considering the value of the rent advertised. Initial fees are made up of the deposit and rent advance; thereafter, costs are limited to rent and utilities. 

Deposits

Expats will also need to pay a deposit, or 'bond', of up to four weeks' rent in advance. The landlord will then deposit this online via the appropriate MBIE’s website. To get your bond refunded at the end of your lease, you’ll need to submit a bond refund form to Tenancy Services. If there’s any outstanding rent or damage to the property, the costs will be deducted from the deposit before it is returned. If you’re moving into a different rental property, you can apply to have the bond paid directly to the new landlord.

Termination of the lease

To terminate a rental lease in New Zealand, expats must provide written notice to their landlord or property manager. The amount of notice required depends on the type of tenancy agreement and the reason for termination.

In general, expats should give at least 21 days' notice, but it's important to check the terms of the lease agreement, as specific requirements are typically negotiated between the landlord and the tenant. If this is not the case, the fixed-term tenancy automatically becomes a periodic tenancy.

Useful links

• tenancy.govt.nz

Utilities in New Zealand

When talking about real estate in New Zealand, the word 'outgoings' is often used to refer to all the costs incurred by the property. As a tenant in New Zealand, you’re usually responsible for any outgoings that are a result of you living on the property, mainly utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and waste removal, while the landlord pays rates and taxes. Costs can vary depending on the area and type of accommodation you live in.

Electricity and gas

Electricity, gas, and sometimes, internet, are often provided by the same company in New Zealand. The main providers are the government-backed Genesis Energy, Mercury Energy, and Meridian Energy, and the private sector company Contact Energy.

Most providers offer different plans and pricing options, so it's worth shopping around to find the best deal. Remember that New Zealand uses a different electrical outlet type (Type I) than many other countries, so you may need to purchase adaptors for your electronics.

Water

Water is supplied by local councils, and bills are sent out quarterly. The main providers are Watercare in Auckland, Wellington Water in Wellington, and Christchurch City Council in Christchurch. In some areas, water may be metered and charged based on usage, while in others it may be included in the rent.

Bins and recycling

Waste removal is also the responsibility of tenants in New Zealand, and this usually involves putting bins out on the street for collection on a weekly or fortnightly basis. Most councils provide separate bins for general waste and recycling, and some also offer green waste bins for garden waste. It's important to follow local council guidelines for waste disposal to avoid any fines.

Telephone and internet

Internet and phone services in New Zealand are provided by a range of companies, including the above-mentioned energy companies, Spark, One NZ, and 2degrees. Speeds are good, but coverage can be spotty in rural areas.

Keeping in Touch in New Zealand

Useful links

• Genesis Energy
• Mercury Energy
• Contact Energy
• Meridian Energy
• Spark
• One NZ
• 2degrees

Buying property in New Zealand

Only New Zealand citizens and permanent residents who have lived in the country for more than a year can buy property. Some exceptions are made for Singaporean and Australian citizens, while permanent residents who haven’t yet reached the 12-month mark can apply for approval.

It's a good idea to rent at first while you explore the property market. Once you decide that you’re ready to buy property in New Zealand, the process will typically only take a short time to complete.

The cost of buying a home in large cities, such as Auckland and Wellington, is significantly higher than it is elsewhere in the country. Property owners in New Zealand are also charged property rates by the local council. These can be hefty, depending on the area, and are worth looking into before committing to a property.

Useful links

• settled.govt.nz
• homes.co.nz
• linz.govt.nz

Doing business in New Zealand is a fairly easy process, thanks to a friendly yet professional corporate culture. New Zealand’s openness to international trade, lack of corruption, free-market economic reforms, and positive attitude to foreign investment mean that it is recognised as one of the most business-friendly countries in the world.

Its stellar reputation for business does, however, mean that there is a high degree of competition. Having an awareness of New Zealand’s business norms will give you an added advantage in the corporate environment.

Fast facts

Business hours

8.30 or 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday.

Business language

English

Business dress

The business dress code in New Zealand is difficult to pin down, although appearing well groomed and presentable is highly valued. In more formal business settings, men tend to wear traditional dark suits, while women wear business suits or conservative dresses. A more casual approach may be taken in some industries.

Greeting

Greetings in New Zealand are fairly informal and consist of a firm handshake and direct eye contact.

Gifts

Gifts are not often exchanged during business meetings. That said, if invited to a colleague's home, be sure to take along wine, chocolates, or flowers to say thank you. Gifts are usually opened in the presence of the giver and should not be overly expensive.

Gender equality

New Zealand workplaces treat women as equals. As a result, women are well represented in senior and leadership roles across the country.

Business culture in New Zealand

In some ways, the business culture in New Zealand conforms to a typically British model in that it is formal, reserved, and conservative. That said, characteristically South Pacific warmth and friendliness creates a relaxed yet professional atmosphere.

Hierarchy

Although the general approach to management in New Zealand is hierarchical, with decisions being made by senior-level executives, ideas, input, and collaboration from all members of the organisation are highly valued. Formal titles such as Mr and Mrs are not commonly used in New Zealand, but you may wish to use them unless you’re told otherwise.

Work ethic

Business etiquette in New Zealand will be familiar to expats who have worked in Western corporate environments before. New Zealand businesspeople tend to favour forthrightness, honesty, and hard work over self-promotion and big promises. They are more interested in what someone actually does, rather than what they say they can do.

Communication

Although Kiwis can initially be reserved, they are generally friendly, hospitable, and helpful. Rewarding personal relationships are often developed between business associates.

When raising a point or responding to someone else's ideas, be direct and include supporting facts and figures. While a friendly atmosphere is prized in the New Zealand workplace, business decisions remain broadly unemotional and are motivated by the company's best interests.

You should expect some informal conversation before getting to 'the agenda' at business meetings. Sport is a massively popular topic of conversation, and you may want to have one or two complimentary things to say about New Zealand’s national rugby team, the All Blacks.

Meetings and punctuality

Business meetings should be scheduled at least a week in advance. They should then be confirmed a few days before they are due to take place.

Be punctual. Lateness can be seen as a sign of unreliability or even indifference. If possible, avoid scheduling meetings in December and January, as many New Zealanders will be on leave for the holidays.

Māori culture in the New Zealand workplace

If you want an added advantage when doing business in New Zealand, you should keep in mind that the indigenous Māori culture plays a significant role in the lives of many residents.

As such, while it may not be necessary to learn the intricacies of traditional protocol, displaying cultural awareness is sure to go down well with Māori business associates. Māori culture emphasises the importance of building relationships and of showing special respect for elders.

Dos and don'ts of doing business in New Zealand

• Do be polite and reserved
• Do get involved in 'team-building' exercises
• Don't try to prove your credentials by talking about them
• Don't make comparisons between New Zealand and Australia
• Do be prepared to form personal relationships with colleagues

Expats who need visas for New Zealand can choose from a range of options based on their travel plans, such as visas for holiday visits, working holidays, or long-term stays.

Each visa type has its own application process, which can be found on the official website of Immigration New Zealand. To ensure they are fully informed about the requirements, expats may also consider hiring a professional visa processing agency.

Before submitting their visa application, expats must make sure their passport is valid for at least three months (preferably six months or more) beyond their planned arrival date in New Zealand. They should also ensure that their passport has enough blank pages for the necessary stamps.

In addition to paying an application fee, applicants will need to provide several passport-sized photos and any other required information. It is crucial for expats to double-check that their application is complete, as incomplete ones will be rejected.

Useful links:

• Immigration New Zealand has an extensive guide to the different visa options available to visitors and expats.

Tourist visas for New Zealand

Travellers from some countries don’t need a tourist visa for New Zealand. The transit visa waiver agreement includes nationals of the US, the UK, Japan and Germany, among others. That said, even if someone’s country is on the visa-waiver list, they will need to supply evidence of funds and proof of onward travel, as well as get an NZeTA (New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority) before they travel.

Applicants for a New Zealand visitor visa may need to provide a health certificate and will likely need to provide a police certificate, as well as having a genuine intention to use the visa for their visit.

Visitors require proof that they have a certain amount of money per month of their visit, and a passport that is valid for at least three months, but ideally six months or more, after their departure date.

The longest that someone can stay in New Zealand on a visitor visa is nine months. During this time, they are not allowed to work or study for longer than three months and must obey New Zealand law. Expats will face deportation if they disregard these conditions.

Work visas for New Zealand

For those who want to live and work in New Zealand, there are several work visa options available. It's crucial for expats to select the appropriate work visa for their particular circumstances when applying for work visas for New Zealand. There are different visas for expats wanting to work in the country temporarily and for those seeking permanent employment.

Work to Residence visas for New Zealand

The Work to Residence visa for New Zealand allows holders to work in the country and apply for a resident visa after two years. In order for an expat to apply under the programme, their skills must be deemed necessary by a New Zealand employer, or they must have exceptional talent in certain fields.

Applicants must fall within several categories in the Work to Residence programme. This includes skilled workers with a job offer from an accredited employer, those in occupations on the skills shortage list, expats with exceptional talents in art, culture or sport, or those who plan to establish a business in New Zealand.

Permanent resident visas for New Zealand

Those who have worked temporarily and decided to stay and live in the country will need to apply for permanent residence visas for New Zealand.

New Zealand permanent residents are not citizens, but they are allowed to remain in the country indefinitely. They are eligible for all the rights and privileges of citizens, including access to healthcare, education and voting, as well as being able to leave and re-enter New Zealand as often as they like.

Requirements for permanent resident visas

To be eligible to apply for a permanent resident visa for New Zealand, applicants must have had a resident visa for at least two years continuously as well as meet at least one of the following criteria:

• They have spent at least 184 days in New Zealand during each of the two years preceding the application

• They can prove they have tax residence status with proper documentation

• They have made an investment of NZD 1,000,000 or more in New Zealand for two years

• They have at least 25 percent or more shares in a business in New Zealand that benefits the country in some way

• They own a family home in New Zealand and have maintained paid employment for at least nine months within the two-year period

• Those who are not self-employed will need to provide proof of employment in New Zealand. 

* Please note that visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

The ease of transport and driving in New Zealand depends on where you choose to settle. When it comes to day-to-day travelling, you’ll find that all New Zealand cities, and most towns, have buses that are convenient to use. Auckland and Wellington even have city-suburban rail services.

On the other hand, if you’re travelling long distances or to and from more rural areas, you’ll notice that public transport can be lacking. As a result, and for the sake of convenience, most expats and locals decide to drive.

Despite the occasional narrow mountain road, it's easy to get around New Zealand by car. The North and South islands are connected by ferries that cross the Cook Strait several times daily. These ferries are used to transport both cars and people between the islands.

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Public transport in New Zealand

Cities in New Zealand are compact and pedestrian-friendly, with excellent public transport options. Fares, timetables, and maps for buses, trains, ferries, and dedicated school buses are readily accessible online. Rural areas, which make up the bulk of New Zealand’s surface area, are not as well connected, although some options for inter-city travel on public transport exist.

Trains

The state-owned KiwiRail runs both freight and passenger trains in New Zealand. The company provides long-distance services across the North Island and the upper part of the South Island, and operates interisland ferries.

It's easy to purchase single tickets and multiple-ride passes both online and at train stations across the country. Single tickets can typically be purchased when boarding a train, except in Auckland, where tickets have to be bought in advance. Auckland also offers commuters a prepaid smart card for travel on different modes of transport called the AT HOP card.

Buses

Buses in New Zealand are the backbone of the country’s various public transport networks. They are often the primary or only mode of transit in cities such as Christchurch, Hamilton, and Dunedin. Local bus services are typically contracted to private companies. The largest of these companies is NZ Bus, which operates services under different brand names in Auckland and Wellington.

There are many private bus companies in New Zealand that offer intercity travel. While some of these are primarily aimed at tourists, making use of them to get around is an affordable and practical option.

Useful links

• Auckland Transport
• Metlink Wellington
• Christchurch City Council Transport Page

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Taxis in New Zealand 

You’ll have access to a wide range of taxi services in New Zealand. Commuters can use single taxis, group transport, or shuttle options. New arrivals who want to get to know their surroundings can also take advantage of services such as day-tour packages.

The most reliable way of getting a taxi in New Zealand is to book in advance with a local service, either by phoning the company directly or booking online. That said, taxis can be hailed off the street or found at taxi ranks, especially in larger cities.

App-based rideshare services such as Uber and YourRide are also active in New Zealand. You might choose rideshare apps over traditional taxis as they allow for automatic credit card billing and greater control over your route.

Useful links

• Uber
• YourRide

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Ferries in New Zealand

Owned by KiwiRail, the Interislander ferry service has three vessels that regularly travel across the Cook Strait between Wellington on the North Island and Picton on the South Island. An alternative service is the Bluebridge Cook Strait Ferry, which is run by Strait Shipping Limited, a privately owned company.

The journey takes around three hours, and it's possible to transport goods that range from cars to livestock. Ferries offer onboard services such as WiFi, restaurants and play areas for young travellers.

Useful links

• Interislander
• Bluebridge

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Driving in New Zealand

It is possible to get just about everywhere on both islands in a regular car. Crossing between the North and South islands on a ferry is also fairly easy.

The rules of the road in New Zealand are similar to those in the UK, and cars drive on the left-hand side of the road. Driving in New Zealand is not usually stressful, except perhaps during rush hour in big cities. Drivers exploring the country should exercise caution, as many roads in New Zealand's rural areas vary in condition and can be narrow or winding.

Driver's licences

If your driver’s licence is in English, you can drive with it in New Zealand for up to a year. Otherwise, you’ll need to carry an official translation of your licence or acquire an international driving permit. After living in New Zealand for more than 12 months, you’ll need to convert your licence to a New Zealand driver’s licence.

The conversion can be done by applying at specialist overseas conversion sites. Applying for a licence conversion requires the usual documents, such as proof of identity, an eye test, and a photo. People with certain medical conditions must provide a medical certificate proving their ability to drive safely. Those from countries without centralised licensing authorities (e.g., India, Pakistan, and Tonga) must provide extra documentation as evidence of validity. Depending on where your licence was issued, you may also have to take a written and/or practical test.

Useful links

• New Zealand Transport Agency

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Domestic flights in New Zealand

Travelling between cities using domestic flights in New Zealand is fast and convenient, especially when travelling from one island to the other. Costs vary by route and time of year. Regular domestic flights operate between large airports in Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch, and Queenstown, as well as smaller regional airports. Several airlines offer domestic flights in New Zealand, including Jetstar, Air Chathams, and Golden Bay Air, but the primary carrier is the national airline Air New Zealand.

Useful links

• Auckland Airport

You shouldn’t have any problems keeping in touch in New Zealand – it’s an English-speaking country with reliable media, both local and international mobile phone providers, and an efficient postal service. Fast internet can be more expensive than in some parts of Europe and the US, though, particularly in rural areas with limited infrastructure.

Internet in New Zealand

There are a number of options when it comes to using the internet in New Zealand. These include having an ADSL or fibre line installed, or using prepaid 4G or 5G broadband. Free WiFi is available in most airports, cafés, and restaurants. Some metropolitan areas in New Zealand, such as the city centre in Wellington, also offer this convenient service. 

Phone and fibre in New Zealand are mostly owned by Chorus Limited, which provides wholesale services to ISPs. There are over 80 ISPs, but the two biggest players are Spark and One NZ.

Useful links

• One NZ
• Spark

Mobile phones in New Zealand

Mobile phone contracts and services in New Zealand are available from numerous providers, including the above-mentioned One NZ, Spark, and 2degrees – it’s worth shopping around for the best deal.

SIM cards are widely available in airports and large supermarkets. Expats can apply for phone contracts as long as they legally reside in New Zealand. Applicants need to provide two forms of identification (such as a passport and driver’s licence) as well as proof of address to sign up for a mobile phone contract in New Zealand. There are also a number of affordable prepaid options.

Postal services in New Zealand

The New Zealand postal service is known for being reliable and user-friendly. Overseas post is charged by weight. As New Zealand is quite far from the US and Europe, shipping heavy items can be expensive.

New Zealand is a stunning country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, consisting of the North and South Islands and several smaller islands. It boasts breathtaking landscapes that vary from snow-capped mountains and rugged coastlines to pristine lakes and lush forests, along with unique flora and fauna such as the Kiwi bird.

Despite its somewhat remote location, New Zealand offers a high quality of life, with well-developed healthcare and education systems, low crime rates and a friendly culture. The country also provides ample opportunities for outdoor activities, making it an attractive destination for tourists and expats alike.

While expats in New Zealand may earn lower income levels compared to the US or the UK, the comparatively lower cost of living offsets this difference – though it's worth noting that it's far from cheap to live here. That said, the country's social services and safety nets ensure that all residents can afford to access essential services such as healthcare, education and housing. The country's progressive tax system places the burden on higher earners, contributing to reducing income inequality.

Living in New Zealand as an expat

While New Zealand lacks the economic might of larger countries, it has a growing economy and a positive outlook. As a result, there are plenty of job opportunities for expats with initiative, energy and optimism. The New Zealand government welcomes prospective expats in a range of industries, provided that they have the skills and experience to benefit the local economy.

New Zealand’s transport infrastructure is well-developed and easy to use. Most cities have a public bus network, all major cities are linked by rail, and a regular ferry service connects the North and South Islands.

One downside to life in New Zealand is that seismic activity is a reality, and residents experience around 200 felt earthquakes a year. Thankfully, only two earthquakes in the last century have caused significant losses, and houses in New Zealand are built to handle earthquakes. Local accommodation does, however, have a reputation for poor insulation and residents tend to dress warmly rather than warm their homes, which can take some adjusting to.

Cost of living in New Zealand

The cost of living in New Zealand is high, especially in cities such as Auckland, which is the commercial centre of the country and where the majority of the population lives. Accommodation is expensive and, due to high import costs, so are groceries and general goods that are not locally produced. The good news is that, though it's a bit pricey to live there, people in New Zealand enjoy high living standards that most consider to be well worth the cost.

Families and children in New Zealand

Moving to New Zealand with family is especially popular with expats who want a fresh start and a better work-life balance. New arrivals are especially attracted by the good state-sponsored healthcare, low crime rates, a society that values children and the environment, and high-quality public education.

Climate in New Zealand

Known to its Maori inhabitants as Aotearoa, which means “Land of the Long White Cloud”, the country gets its share of cold and rainy weather. That said, expats will be relieved to know that the country usually does get more sunshine than most European countries.

Expats who commit to their new home and take advantage of the laid-back, outdoorsy lifestyle it offers are sure to find that New Zealand has the potential to be their ideal expat destination.

Fast facts

Population: About 5.1 million

Capital city: Wellington

Other major cities: Auckland (largest city), Christchurch and Hamilton

Neighbouring countries: Although New Zealand has no direct neighbours, Australia is situated to the northwest, while Tonga and Fiji are two of the most prominent island countries to the north of New Zealand.

Geography: New Zealand is made up of two main islands (the North and South Islands) and several smaller islands. Much of the country's terrain is mountainous. The landscape is very dramatic, and volcanoes can be found on the South Island.

Political system: Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Major religions: Christianity

Official languages: English, Maori and New Zealand Sign Language

Money: The official currency is the New Zealand Dollar (NZD), which is divided into 100 cents. It is relatively easy for expats to open a bank account provided they have proof of address and identification. ATMs and internet banking are widely available.

Tipping: New Zealand's tipping culture is based on merit, and tipping is not expected. A 10 percent tip can be added in appreciation of excellent service.

Time: GMT+12 (GMT+13 from the last Sunday in September to the first Sunday in April)

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. 'Type I' three-pin flat-blade plugs are used.

Internet domain: .nz

International dialling code: +64

Emergency contacts: 111

Transport and driving: Cars in New Zealand drive on the left-hand side. Travel between the North and South Islands is usually by ferry. Bus services are the main mode of transport in most cities, while local rail services operate in Auckland and Wellington. Long-distance travel is done by trains, buses and domestic air flights.

Managing banking, money, and taxes in New Zealand is fairly simple. Kiwi banks are modern, offering comprehensive packages and high-quality customer service. Opening a bank account is generally straightforward; you’ll need only a few documents. EFTPOS debit cards are readily accepted, but not all merchants take credit cards or cash – something to keep in mind when shopping in New Zealand. Even though electronic payments are preferred, ATMs are common and easy to find.

Paying taxes in New Zealand is equally uncomplicated, with clear rules defining tax liability and tax residency status.

Money in New Zealand

The currency in New Zealand is the New Zealand Dollar (NZD), which is divided into 100 cents. It is normally written as NZ$ to distinguish it from other dollar currencies.

• Notes: NZD 5, NZD 10, NZD 20, NZD 50, and NZD 100
• Coins: 10 cents, 20 cents, 50 cents, NZD 1, and NZD 2

Banking in New Zealand

Banking in New Zealand is relatively uncomplicated. The largest banks in New Zealand are ANZ, Bank of New Zealand (BNZ), ASB, and Westpac.

All banks have accessible online banking services that allow account holders to transfer funds or pay certain municipal bills and other services online. Cashless and contactless payments are popular in New Zealand – Kiwi banks provide a range of solutions to help streamline the process.

Opening a bank account

The requirements for opening a bank account in New Zealand vary from bank to bank, but the application process is usually quite simple. Foreign applicants will need identification, proof of residence, and their visa. Conveniently, accounts can be set up quickly, and new bank cards are usually issued on the same day.

It is advisable to research the available banks and their offerings. Some banks may charge fees for certain services, like transactions or monthly statements, while others don’t. Generally, you’ll be offered a choice between a current and a savings account or a package that includes both.

Some banks, such as the Bank of New Zealand, allow expats to apply for an account online before they have even arrived in the country.

Credit cards and ATMs

Bank cards are accepted practically everywhere in New Zealand, with electronic payments being preferred most of the time. It is worth noting that international credit cards, like Visa and MasterCard, are not as readily accepted as EFTPOS cards. When you open a bank account in New Zealand, you’ll typically be given such a card. While these cards are usually free of charge, they are only usable in New Zealand or Australia and can't be used for online payments. 

Taxes in New Zealand

New Zealand has simple tax laws, making it a favourable tax environment for investors and expats alike.

Local income tax is calculated on a progressive scale depending on income and is capped at 39 percent. If you are in New Zealand for less than 183 days of any 12-month period, you’ll only pay taxes on locally earned income. On the other hand, you’ll be considered a tax resident if you live in New Zealand for 183 days or more in any 12-month period. This means that you will be liable to pay tax on income earned worldwide. If you’re a tax resident of more than one country, New Zealand offers credits to avoid double taxation.

As a new arrival, you might also qualify for a temporary tax exemption on overseas income and be classified as a transitional tax resident. The exemption lasts for four years and covers numerous sources of international income, including royalties, interest, and rental.

New Zealand's tax system supports foreign investors, with no capital gains, inheritance, estate, or healthcare taxes aside from property rates. That said, it's also important to note that New Zealand has an expanded concept of income compared to many other countries, and these other taxes are generally wrapped into income tax. There is also a blanket Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 15 percent factored into most things that expats buy in New Zealand. Additional taxes are also paid on alcohol, tobacco, and petrol.

Useful links

• New Zealand Taxes
• Inland Revenue New Zealand

For those considering working in New Zealand, the experience can be a thrilling and fulfilling one. With its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage and robust economy, New Zealand provides a plethora of opportunities across various industries. It's an excellent destination for both skilled professionals seeking new challenges and recent graduates eager to start their careers.

The country's thriving job market and welcoming business environment make it an ideal place to live and work. With more sheep than people and more pine trees than sheep in the country, expats looking for work in New Zealand can certainly count on employment opportunities in the agricultural sector.

Most businesses in New Zealand have a standard five-day, 40-hour work week and are generally open from 8am to 5pm, with a lunch break of between 30 minutes and an hour. That said, businesses often determine their hours according to the needs of their industry, employees and customers. For instance, it is common for employees at hospitals and factories to work outside regular work hours.

Job market in New Zealand

New Zealand has become a popular country for expats to immigrate to, which means there is stiff competition for the limited jobs available. The biggest issue foreigners may face will be meeting the stringent immigration requirements. Those with specialised qualifications and are proficient in English will be most successful.

While the country is known for its agricultural output, other large industries in New Zealand include tourism, manufacturing and finance.

Occasionally, the government announces qualified personnel deficiencies in a specific job field and expats in that field will then be actively recruited. This is especially true for towns other than Auckland.

Skills deficiency announcements can be found on Immigration New Zealand's Green List. The list outlines the job fields and skill sets that are needed in the country and is a good guide for expats looking for work in New Zealand.

Obtaining or qualifying for a job on this list allows expats to streamline the visa application process, as employers will not have to prove that there are no New Zealanders able to take the position that is applied for. The Green List is reviewed and updated regularly.

Other industries in New Zealand that continuously provide employment to expat workers include IT, new media, medicine, construction and engineering.

New Zealanders are also known for being great entrepreneurs, and there are many small businesses in the country. This bodes well for expats wanting to move to New Zealand to start up a business, as the government is open to entrepreneurs with a focus on job creation.

Useful links:

• Immigration New Zealand's Green List

Finding a job in New Zealand

The official Immigration New Zealand website is a valuable resource for the most up-to-date information on industries that have a short- or long-term shortage of skilled workers.

Expats can also try searching for jobs through recruitment agencies, in the classifieds section of major newspapers or on online job boards. One example is CareersNZ, which is a government supported website. It provides helpful advice on finding a job in New Zealand, and lists job postings for both locals and foreigners. SEEK, Indeed and Glassdoor are also excellent resources for finding jobs in New Zealand.

Expats wishing to take up employment in New Zealand must also ensure that they have a valid visa.

Useful links:

• CareersNZ lists a host of job vacancy and recruitment websites.
• The job listing websites WorkHere and WorkingInNewZealand are specifically aimed at expat specialists.

Work culture in New Zealand

New Zealand's work culture is deeply influenced by Maori values, highlighting the importance of family and relationships. Expats will find that Kiwi workplaces foster community and camaraderie through collaboration and open communication.

Building professional relationships in New Zealand is essential, but the process for doing so is often more relaxed and informal compared to other countries. Networking typically takes place at barbecues or sports events. New Zealanders also value their work-life balance, prioritising family, friends and outdoor activities.

Hierarchy in New Zealand is typically egalitarian, with flatter management structures. Managers are approachable and often engage in team tasks. Employees usually address each other by their first names, regardless of rank. Most managers encourage proactivity and will require workers to share their opinions any chance they get. 

Formality levels vary across industries, with an overall informal and approachable atmosphere. Finance, law and engineering have more conservative dress codes, while tourism, hospitality and technology industries are more laid back and flexible.

Healthcare in New Zealand is a crucial aspect of the country's infrastructure. It boasts a robust healthcare system that offers both public and private care options to expats and citizens alike. The country's public healthcare system is funded through general taxation, making it widely accessible and affordable for all permanent residents. The government's commitment to universal healthcare has resulted in free or heavily subsidised medical care for New Zealand residents, which has contributed to the country's reputation for quality healthcare.

In addition to public healthcare, New Zealand's private healthcare sector is thriving, offering expedited treatment options at the cost of higher fees. Benefits include shorter wait times, access to specialist doctors, and more personalised care. Emergency medical services in New Zealand are offered by a number of government-backed organisations, run by both volunteers and permanent staff.

Public healthcare in New Zealand

The public healthcare system in New Zealand gives permanent residents access to free or heavily subsidised hospital care and emergency treatment. To access free public healthcare, you’ll need permanent residency status in New Zealand or hold a work visa that is valid for two or more years. Other free medical services include standard medical tests, children’s immunisations, and prescription medication for children under six years old. Visits to a general practitioner (GP), the purchase of prescription drugs, and ambulance services are all subsidised.

Expats will need to register with a GP to access healthcare in New Zealand and get a National Health Index (NHI) number. There is no restriction on which doctor an expat has to register with, but some doctors may specialise in certain areas of medicine. It might therefore be best for new arrivals to research the practices in their area to find the doctor who best suits their individual needs.

Although state healthcare in New Zealand is of a high standard, the biggest downside is the long waiting periods for non-emergency procedures. Waiting times vary between hospitals, so it helps to find the most time-efficient option.

In addition to the national healthcare scheme, there are district-funded healthcare initiatives known as Primary Health Organisations (PHO) which provide further subsidies to medical costs. That said, there are some non-subsidised items that expats and residents have to pay for in full. It is advisable to join a PHO as soon as you arrive in New Zealand, as processing times can be long.

Useful links

• Health New Zealand

Private healthcare in New Zealand

Many Expats who choose to use private healthcare do so to jump the queues for non-emergency procedures. Private healthcare users are, however, still able to use free public health services.

There is a wide range of clinics and private hospitals that provide healthcare services such as general surgery, recuperative care, and specialist procedures. Private testing laboratories and radiology clinics are also available.

Health insurance in New Zealand

Health insurance in New Zealand isn’t overly expensive compared to other expat destinations. Some employers even offer medical cover, so you should check with your company or negotiate medical insurance as part of your employment contract.

Both public and private hospitals in New Zealand accept health insurance. Expats will be able to choose between international health cover and local health insurance providers.

Pharmacies in New Zealand

The New Zealand government set up PHARMAC (Pharmaceutical Management Agency of New Zealand) in 1993. This agency aims to make subsidised medications available and negotiates low drug prices. Currently, about 2,000 drugs sold in the country are either partially or fully subsidised by PHARMAC. A lot of medication can be purchased over the counter, but a prescription from a GP may be necessary to obtain more expensive or specialised medications.

Pharmacies in New Zealand are plentiful in urban areas, and expats will find large pharmacy franchises as well as independent or online services. While most medicines are available in New Zealand, 24-hour pharmacies are rare. The symbol for a pharmacy in New Zealand is generally a green cross.

Keep in mind that New Zealand is a small island country, and advanced, or specialist, care is often better sourced abroad. If you have a chronic medical condition, it might be best to stock up on your medication before arriving in the country.

Useful link

• PHARMAC

Vaccinations in New Zealand

When travelling to New Zealand, you won’t need any specific vaccinations. Keeping standard vaccinations up to date is good practice, and it is recommended that you immunise yourself against the following:

• Mumps, measles, rubella (MMR)
• Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
• Polio
• Chickenpox
• Shingles

COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are also readily available.

Emergency medical services in New Zealand

Pre-hospital emergency medical care is largely conducted by trained paramedics. New Zealand's emergency medical services, including ambulances and event health services, are operated mostly by Hato Hone St John and Wellington Free Ambulance. Both of these companies have air ambulance services that operate out of Auckland and Wellington.

New Zealand has a programme called Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC). The programme is funded from the public tax pool and levies obtained from all businesses, vehicle registration, petrol, and employees. It offers no-fault injury cover to residents and visitors. So, when someone is involved in an accident, they will receive free medical care under this programme. Services provided include medical costs, prescription drugs, and surgeries.

Emergency number (fire, ambulance, police): 111

Useful links

• Hato Hone St John
• Wellington Free Ambulance
• ACC

Shipping and removals for New Zealand can be challenging, thanks to the country’s remoteness. Nonetheless, expats have a wide selection of companies to choose from when moving to New Zealand. It is recommended to obtain quotes from multiple companies before making a final decision.

Furnished accommodation rentals in New Zealand are rare – if you plan to return home after a short stay, it may be worth keeping your belongings in your home country instead of shipping them.

Shipping personal belongings to New Zealand

Shipping times vary depending on the origin location, but most companies can provide estimated arrival times. Despite this, delays, especially for sea freight, are common. Air freight is a popular and fast way to ship smaller cargo, but it costs more than shipping by sea (air freight is typically billed by weight, while sea freight is billed according to the size of the container).

That said, you may prefer to spend more on the cost of excess baggage to have some of your belongings arrive faster. 
Note that items made of wood or other natural materials must be decontaminated on arrival in New Zealand and can be destroyed at the discretion of customs – at the expense of the owner, no less. Be sure to inspect your belongings closely for restricted or banned items to avoid unexpected costs. 

Shipping pets to New Zealand

Shipping pets to New Zealand is likely to be a large expense in terms of vet bills, permits, quarantine, and air transport costs. Pets will need to be vaccinated for rabies at least six months before leaving for New Zealand, and proof of the vaccine duration needs to be acquired in the form of a certificate. All pets must also be fitted with a microchip.

The pet will then need a medical check-up in their home country from an accredited vet, as they have to comply with New Zealand's strict biosecurity regulations. Exact regulations that apply to your pet depend on the type of animal and the country of origin.

All cats and dogs, except those arriving from Australia, have to be placed in a quarantine facility for a number of days after they arrive in New Zealand. The facility has to be approved by the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and supervised by official government veterinarians. Visits are permitted, but must follow strict biosecurity regulations.

You should also be aware that there are restrictions on different types of animals. Certain breeds of dogs, such as American Pit Bull Terriers, Dogo Argentinos, and Brazilian Filas can’t be brought into the country at all. Guinea pigs, snakes, birds, and rats are also not allowed. The New Zealand Customs Service page has a full list of the animals and items that are prohibited from entering the country.

More information can be found on the Biosecurity New Zealand website. You should be aware that importing animals is a complicated process, and we therefore recommend you use a reputable pet relocation agency.
 

Useful links:

• New Zealand Customs Service: www.customs.govt.nz
• Biosecurity New Zealand import health standards: www.mpi.govt.nz