Ctrl key and select the sections you want to print. If using a Mac, hold down the Cmd key.Ctrl + A or on Mac, Cmd + A to select all sections (if you are using the Chrome browser).| 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| New Year's Day | 1 January | 1 January |
| Good Friday | 29 March | 18 April |
| Easter Monday | 1 April | 21 April |
| Worker's Day | 1 May | 1 May |
| Id el Fitri | 10–11 April | 30–31 March |
| Democracy Day | 12 June | 12 June |
| Id el Kabir | 16–17 June | 6–7 June |
| Nigerian Independence Day | 1 October | 1 October |
| Id el Maulud | 15 September | 4 September |
| Christmas Day | 25 December | 25 December |
| Boxing Day | 26 December | 26 December |
*Islamic holidays are subject to change based on sightings of the moon.
Most travellers heading to Nigeria, whether for holiday, business, or relocation, will need a visa. However, some foreign citizens are granted visa-free entry, and others are eligible to obtain a visa on arrival.
If you’re a citizen of a member-state of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) or one of 27 other countries (all of them developing countries or small island nations), you are exempt from obtaining a visa and can enter on your passport alone.
For many others, it’s possible to get a visa on arrival at the port of entry to Nigeria, depending on your nationality and the purpose of your visit. If you’re travelling for business, or are from an African Union country or some small island nations, you can apply for a visa on arrival. Just make sure to apply ahead of time via the Nigerian Immigration Service ePortal to ensure everything is ready upon your arrival.
In recent years, the Nigerian Immigration Service has streamlined its processes. Now, you can only apply for visas online through the ePortal. In some cases, you’ll also need to attend an in-person interview at the nearest embassy or high commission, so keep an eye on the latest requirements.
Before heading to Nigeria, check the latest health advice, including recommended pre-travel vaccinations. Knowing what to expect in terms of healthcare in Nigeria is key to preparing for your trip.
The four main types of visas for Nigeria are tourist visas, business visas, temporary work permits, and subject-to-regularisation visas, each with its own application process and requirements.
Getting a tourist visa for Nigeria is fairly straightforward. Whether you’re planning to explore the bustling cities, visit family, or take in the natural beauty, you’ll need to apply for a tourist visa, which is valid for 90 days.
To start the process, you must complete the application online through the Nigerian Immigration Service’s ePortal and make the required payment. Once this is done, the next steps may involve sending documents by post or delivering them in person to the relevant embassy or visa application centre.
Here’s a quick rundown of the documents you’ll need:
In some cases, you might be called for an interview at your local embassy. If this happens, bring your payment receipts from the ePortal system, a valid passport, and the necessary documents. Don’t forget that you may also need to provide biometric data at designated centres.
Applying for a business visa in Nigeria follows a process similar to that of a tourist visa, with just a few additional requirements. Business visas are ideal if you’re heading to Nigeria for short-term meetings, conferences, or corporate negotiations.
To apply for a business visa, you’ll need the following documents:
The business visa is typically valid for 90 days, and extensions aren’t allowed. If you need a longer stay, you’ll have to leave Nigeria and reapply. Some business travellers may qualify for a visa on arrival, depending on their nationality and purpose of visit. For more details, it’s best to check directly with the Nigeria Immigration Service.
When it comes to working and living in Nigeria, the main permits you’ll need to be aware of are the Temporary Work Permit (TWP) and the Subject to Regularisation (STR) visa. After obtaining an STR visa, you’ll also need a Combined Expatriate Residence Permit and Aliens Card, or CERPAC, to work and reside legally in the country long-term.
If you’re travelling to Nigeria to provide specialised skills, such as technical expertise, training, or audits, you’ll need a TWP. These permits are valid for 90 days and are commonly used by technical experts and consultants in the country for short-term assignments.
To get a TWP, your Nigerian employer or organisation must submit a formal application to the Comptroller General of Immigration. This process involves coordinating closely with the company requesting your presence, who will handle the bulk of the application on your behalf. Once the request has been processed, you’ll need to complete the application via the Nigerian Immigration Service’s ePortal and provide additional documentation, including:
As the process can be complex, it’s best to stay in close contact with your employer for direct advice on navigating the system.
If you plan to work in Nigeria or stay longer than three months, you’ll need to apply for an STR visa. This visa is required for expat employees, staff of non-governmental organisations, international students, dependants, and missionaries.
STR visas are typically single-entry permits valid for 90 days. After entering Nigeria, you’ll need to apply to regularise your stay and convert the STR visa into a long-term work and residence permit. The process starts with your employer obtaining expat quota approval from the Ministry of the Interior, which ensures that your skills are genuinely needed and cannot be filled by a local Nigerian worker.
Once quota approval is granted, you’ll use the ePortal system to submit your application and pay the necessary fees. Be prepared to attend an interview at your local embassy and bring your valid passport and other required documents. This process usually takes around ten working days, but it may vary depending on the embassy or consulate.
If you’ve entered Nigeria with an STR visa and plan to work, you’ll need to apply for a CERPAC. There are two types of CERPAC, a green card, which is employment purposes. A brown card is reserved for foreigners who will be visiting Nigeria for an extended period of time or crew members who will be staying ashore.
This permit legally allows you to work and reside in Nigeria. A CERPAC is typically valid for two years, but you may initially receive one that is valid for a year. The CERPAC is renewable.
To apply for a CERPAC, you’ll need the following:
When renewing a CERPAC, you must submit an application letter from your employer, the expiring residence card, and payment of renewal fees. With Nigeria attracting more foreign investment and skilled expats, the demand for CERPAC has steadily risen, especially as the economy rebounds post-pandemic.
*Visa and work permit requirements can change at short notice, and you should contact your respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.
Finding a home away from home in Nigeria can either be a breeze if your employer handles it or a real challenge if you’re doing it alone. The housing situation here is tough, with demand far outstripping supply, especially when it comes to quality accommodation. If you’re looking to rent a bungalow, duplex, or apartment that matches Western standards, you’ll quickly find that prices can be sky-high, often beyond what many professionals can comfortably afford.
Buying land in Nigeria has its own hurdles, particularly for foreign buyers. You’ll need consent from the State Governor for property titles and rights, and there are hefty fees and a complex process involved. If you’re serious about purchasing property here, it’s essential to work with both a real-estate agent and a lawyer to navigate the details.
Given these challenges, most people, especially expats, choose to rent accommodation – some of which can be quite lavish.
Accommodation in Nigeria is typically concentrated in certain areas or suburbs, often within company compounds, apartment blocks, or pre-established private housing complexes. Compounds and gated communities tend to offer plenty of perks, including 24-hour security, wireless internet, and amenities like tennis courts, swimming pools, and domestic help.
If you’re fortunate enough to secure a place in the luxurious areas of Victoria Island or Ikoyi in Lagos, or Maitama, Asokoro, or Wuse in Abuja, you’ll find that safety is well managed through solid security measures. While living in these gated communities might feel a bit secluded, there’s a sense of comfort in the close-knit expat community you’ll find there.
Housing in Nigeria can be impressively spacious and beautifully designed, but it’s hard to ignore the wealth gap, particularly in the surrounding neighbourhoods. The majority of the population, especially low-income earners, continue to struggle with a housing shortage that only widens the gap.
When looking for a place to live, you’ll find a mix of fully furnished, semi-furnished, and completely unfurnished housing options. If your employer provides housing, it’s likely to be fully furnished, so while shipping goods to Nigeria is possible, you may not need to bring much.
Furnished housing has evolved, with serviced apartments becoming popular for short-term residents. These offer hotel-like services, while co-living spaces are gaining traction with younger professionals, combining private living with shared amenities and a community feel.
If you’re staying in Nigeria for a short period, the short-let market is worth exploring. With increased business travel and tourism, demand for short-term rentals has surged. Online platforms make finding these properties much easier, and they often come with high-end amenities and smart home features, appealing to tech-savvy professionals.
Although regulations around short-term accommodation are still evolving, some local governments have started introducing registration guidelines for these properties. For now, enforcement remains patchy.
If you’re working in Nigeria, many companies not only finance your accommodation but also take care of the entire leasing process. In some cases, companies own properties specifically for their foreign staff. This is typical in major cities like Abuja and Lagos and oil-rich areas such as Port Harcourt, which are seeing a growing demand for corporate housing.
Corporate housing options are expanding beyond Lagos and Abuja. Cities like Port Harcourt, known for its oil industry, have seen a boom in corporate housing and serviced apartments catering to expats and business travellers. Other cities, such as Ibadan and Enugu, are also growing in popularity for their increasingly healthy housing markets, with more short-term rentals and serviced accommodation popping up to meet demand.
Before moving, have a housing provision clearly stated in your employment contract. This is standard practice for expats, and you should insist that your employer supports you in securing suitable housing. Without this, you might find yourself having to figure out a tough market solo.
When you first arrive in Nigeria, it’s common to be placed in a hotel while you look for longer-term accommodation. Luxury and international hotels are plentiful, but the costs can add up quickly if you’re footing the bill yourself.
To start your accommodation search, online property portals are a great resource. Platforms such as PropertyPro.ng, PrivateProperty.com.ng, and Lamudi provide extensive listings of homes, apartments, and even serviced accommodations. These sites allow you to filter by location, property type, and price, making it easier to find a place that suits your needs. They also verify agents to help avoid the risk of dodgy listings.
If you prefer a hands-on approach, working with a real-estate agent or a relocation company can simplify the process. These professionals can guide you through local property laws, negotiate leases, and ensure you settle in without hassle.
If you have to organise your rental yourself without help from your employer, there are several things to consider. Renting in Nigeria can be tricky, especially if you’re unfamiliar with the local rental process. Knowing what to expect and what’s required will make things much smoother.
When applying to rent accommodation in Nigeria, you’ll need to provide certain documents to strengthen your application. Typically, landlords ask for:
It’s best to have these documents ready to avoid delays when applying for your chosen property.
Landlords typically require tenants to sign a minimum of a 12-month lease, but this can go up to three years. If you’re staying for a shorter period, you may need to negotiate the terms or look for short-term rentals. Long-term leases must be registered at the State Land Registry, especially those lasting more than three years. It’s advisable to work with a legal professional to ensure everything is in order.
One of the most challenging aspects of renting accommodation in Nigeria is dealing with the upfront costs. Landlords often require hefty security deposits, sometimes demanding one or even two years’ rent upfront rather than allowing monthly payments. This can make it difficult to manage rent, particularly if you’re not used to such high demands.
To navigate this, some tenants try to negotiate with their landlords for a lower deposit or a flexible payment plan. The Lagos State government is working on a monthly rental scheme, which could make rent payments more manageable. If paying a large sum upfront isn’t feasible, consider alternatives like co-living spaces or sharing accommodation with roommates to help lower your costs.
Terminating a lease in Nigeria largely depends on the specifics of your lease agreement and local tenancy laws. In Lagos, for instance, standard notice periods are six months for yearly tenancies, three months for quarterly or half-year tenancies, and one month for monthly arrangements.
Breaking a lease early can come with penalties – often involving the forfeiture of your security deposit or having to continue paying rent until a new tenant is found. However, landlords may be more flexible with corporate tenants or expats, especially if you’re able to assist in finding a replacement tenant or cover re-letting costs.
If you’re renting a furnished property, expect stricter conditions on the return of furnishings and potentially higher security deposits. To avoid any surprises, ensure you understand the terms of your lease thoroughly and consider involving a legal professional if needed.
Rental agreements will state whether you or the landlord are responsible for paying utilities. Utility costs, including electricity, internet, and water, are often paid by the tenants. Note that Nigeria struggles with temperamental power and water supplies. Boreholes and generators are a must. Otherwise, you can expect blackouts with little or no warning. Running a generator can be pricey and considerably adds to the cost of living.
Electricity in Nigeria can be a bit of a rollercoaster, especially if you’re used to reliable power in other countries. Power outages are frequent, even in major cities like Lagos and Abuja. Although the high fuel cost can make this an expensive solution, many residents rely on generators to keep the lights on during blackouts.
Nigeria operates on a standard voltage of 230V and 50Hz, with plugs being either the Type D (three round pins) or Type G (three flat pins). If your devices aren’t compatible, you’ll need a voltage converter and an adapter to keep everything running smoothly.
When setting up electricity in your new home, you’ll need to contact the local electricity distribution company (DisCo) for your area. Be ready with documents like your tenancy agreement or proof of ownership, a valid ID, and a passport-sized photograph. There are 11 DisCos operating in different regions of Nigeria, so you don’t get to choose your provider. Your electricity supply will depend on the DisCo assigned to your area.
Once the DisCo completes an inspection and provides an estimate, they’ll install a prepaid meter for you. You’ll purchase electricity credits through various options: online, through mobile apps, or in person at payment centres.
In Nigeria, gas is primarily supplied in two forms: bottled liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and piped gas. Most households rely on bottled gas, especially in areas where piped gas infrastructure isn’t fully developed. Cities like Lagos and Abuja have some access to piped natural gas, but availability can vary significantly depending on your location.
Bottled gas is the most common option for homes. You can buy or rent gas cylinders, and many suppliers offer convenient delivery services. It’s simple enough to order a refill when running low; just contact a local supplier or distributor. Major companies like Nipco Gas, Matrix Energy, and Axxela Limited are well-known for their reliable supply.
Piped Gas is available in certain urban areas. If you’re moving into a home with piped gas, a professional gas engineer will need to handle the installation to ensure everything meets safety standards. You’ll need to contact a local gas company to set it up, and regular inspections are essential to ensure that there are no leaks.
Water in Nigeria is a mixed bag regarding reliability and safety. Tap water, especially in urban areas, is generally not considered safe to drink without treatment. Most people prefer to stick to bottled or filtered water to avoid any health risks. While boiling or using chemical treatments can make tap water safer, bottled water is readily available and trusted by many expats and locals alike.
There are two main options when setting up a water supply for your home. Some urban areas are connected to a municipal water system managed by state water corporations, but reliability can be an issue. Many households opt to drill their own boreholes, which provide access to groundwater. Boreholes are a common solution in both urban and rural areas, ensuring a more consistent water supply.
Paying for water is simple enough. If you’re connected to a municipal supply, you’ll likely receive a monthly water bill. In some areas, you can pay in person at designated offices or via online platforms that accept bank transfers or mobile payments.
The reliability of the water supply can be hit or miss. In cities like Lagos and Abuja, interruptions are common, forcing residents to rely on alternative sources such as boreholes or private water vendors. Backup solutions are essential, and many households invest in water storage tanks to get through the dry spells.
Waste management in Nigeria can be quite varied depending on where you live. In major cities like Lagos, household waste collection typically happens once or twice a week, but the service can be inconsistent. The Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) is working hard to improve the system, but challenges like funding shortfalls and lack of public awareness still persist.
Recycling in Nigeria is sometimes available but far from widespread. Lagos has introduced initiatives such as the Lagos Recycle Initiative, aiming to boost recycling rates. Unfortunately, less than 20 percent of waste is recycled through formal systems.
When it comes to bins, don’t be surprised if you’re not provided with separate containers for waste and recyclables. The Blue Box Initiative in Lagos encourages households to separate their waste, but uptake has been slow. If you’re moving into a rental, you should check with your landlord if any formal waste management system is in place.
Paying for waste collection can differ based on where you live. In some areas, fees are bundled into your other utility bills. Elsewhere, you might need to make separate payments at local offices or through online platforms, where available. There’s talk of introducing a ‘pay-as-you-throw’ system where you pay based on the amount of waste you generate, but it’s not yet widely implemented.
The internet in Nigeria has come a long way, especially in major cities like Lagos and Abuja, where speeds and reliability are improving. While speeds are decent, you might still experience slower connections during peak times or outages due to factors like infrastructure issues or government interventions.
When setting up the internet in your home, the process is straightforward. You’ll need to choose a provider that offers good coverage in your area, which may vary depending on your location. The main documents you’ll need include a valid ID, proof of residence, and the application form from the ISP. A technician will usually come to your property to install the necessary equipment.
Paying for internet services is easy, with most ISPs offering multiple payment options. You can pay online through their websites or apps, set up a direct debit, or use mobile money and bank transfers. The major ISPs in Nigeria include MTN, Airtel, 9mobile, Spectranet, IPNX, and Smile Communications.
Education in Nigeria is highly prized and considered by Nigerians to be the key to your future. Despite this, the government-run school system still faces significant challenges. State-sponsored schools lag behind international standards, grappling with staff shortages, outdated textbooks, and inadequate learning tools.
If you’re an expat living in Nigeria, you’re likely to choose private international schools for your children, although homeschooling can be a practical alternative.
Public schools in Nigeria face many challenges, mostly due to severe underfunding. While there have been improvements, many state schools still lack basic facilities like classrooms, libraries, and learning materials. This shortage makes it difficult for students to get the quality education they deserve.
The Nigerian government has taken steps to address these issues, such as increasing the education budget and focusing on teacher training and curriculum updates. Still, many families who can afford it prefer to send their children to private or international schools, which tend to offer better facilities and resources.
Education is compulsory during the basic educational phase, which starts at the age of six and lasts for nine years. This covers six years of primary education and three years of junior secondary education. After that, the three years of senior secondary education are optional.
You may be surprised by the number of international school options available in Nigeria’s major urban centres, especially in cities like Abuja and Lagos. These schools are highly sought after by expat families and affluent Nigerians looking for a global standard of education. Rural areas struggle to offer the same calibre of schooling, but homeschooling or boarding school may be viable alternatives if you’re living far from the big cities.
Most international schools in Nigeria follow British, American, or International Baccalaureate (IB) curricula, ensuring your children are well-prepared for future studies anywhere in the world. The quality of education tends to be excellent, with schools offering cutting-edge facilities, advanced technology, and a strong emphasis on extracurricular activities like sports, arts, and community engagement. Your child won’t miss a beat during your time in Nigeria.
As with most international schools, high-quality education in Nigeria comes with a price tag. Expect to budget not just for tuition but also for additional costs like school uniforms, textbooks, extracurricular programmes, and transport.
Many international schools in Lagos and Abuja have seen fee increases due to rising operational costs. Be sure to discuss education subsidies or allowances in your employment package if you’re relocating for work. This can make a significant difference in covering these expenses.
The admissions process typically includes submitting an application, followed by interviews and assessments. Schools may require previous academic records, identification, and sometimes letters of recommendation. It’s a good idea to apply early, as spaces in top schools can fill up quickly.
Special-needs education in Nigeria is slowly becoming more inclusive, with efforts to integrate students with disabilities into mainstream classrooms. Recent estimates suggest that around 10 percent of children with disabilities are enrolled in inclusive settings, although the level of integration varies widely between urban and rural areas. Urban schools, particularly international ones, tend to offer better resources for this.
Many international schools in Nigeria are leading the charge to provide support for students with special needs. These schools typically offer the best facilities, such as scribes, counselling services, assistant teachers, and access to assistive technology. However, the extent of support can vary greatly between schools, so it’s important to reach out directly to understand what each institution can offer your child.
Teacher training has also seen improvements, with more educators receiving specialised training to work with students who have disabilities. Continuous professional development programmes can help teachers stay up-to-date with the latest methodologies and tools, such as assistive technology.
That said, accessibility can still be a challenge, particularly for students with severe disabilities. Not all schools have the infrastructure necessary to accommodate these students, such as ramps or specialised classrooms. It’s best to visit schools and check their facilities first-hand to ensure they can meet your child’s needs.
Homeschooling might be a practical option if you prefer to keep your children out of the Nigerian school system or are in the country on a short-term contract. While homeschooling is neither explicitly illegal nor fully regulated, it remains a viable choice for parents looking for flexibility in their children’s education.
If you decide to go this route, you’ll find various online communities and social media groups that offer valuable advice, curriculum ideas, and support. There are also consultation services available to help guide you through the process, making the transition smoother.
Even in the best schools, classroom learning may not suit every child. If your child requires extra help, private tutors can be a great solution, especially around exam time. In cities like Lagos and Abuja, the demand for private tutoring has surged, with more families seeking additional academic support to ensure their children meet educational standards.
There is no official certification for tutors in Nigeria, but many parents prefer tutors with a strong educational background, relevant teaching experience, and specialised skills, such as test preparation or subject-specific knowledge. The quality of tutoring services tends to vary depending on location.
In urban areas, you’ll find a wider selection of qualified tutors and tutoring centres. In contrast, rural regions may have fewer options, though online tutoring platforms are helping to bridge this gap, providing access to educational support regardless of where you are.
To find a tutor, you can search through tutoring companies or online platforms such as TeacherOn, where independent tutors offer their services. It’s worth considering tutors with experience in the Nigerian curriculum to ensure your child stays on track with their studies.
Getting around in Nigeria can be challenging. Driving in Nigeria, especially for those unfamiliar with local conditions, is often dangerous and painstaking. While public transport is available, it’s not typically recommended for foreign nationals.
If you’re relocating to Nigeria for work, most companies will provide you with a car and driver, but it’s still important to familiarise yourself with local driving rules and safety measures.
Driving in Nigeria presents unique challenges, particularly in urban centres like Lagos and Abuja, where traffic congestion can stretch for hours. To cope with these conditions, most expats prefer to hire professional drivers instead of navigating the roads themselves. Traffic jams are a daily reality, and in some cases, people leave home as early as 4am to dodge the worst of it.
For your safety, when being picked up by a driver, always verify their identification before giving any personal details, like your name or your employer’s. Distractions can easily make you think you’ve gotten into the right vehicle, only to find yourself robbed and returned to the pickup point without your valuables.
If you plan to drive yourself, know that you can use your national driving licence for up to three months or an international driving licence for up to one year. After this period, you’ll need a Nigerian driving licence. Most employers are well-equipped to assist with the paperwork and logistics to smooth this transition.
Public transport in Nigeria has evolved in recent years, with new options becoming more reliable and safer. While there are still concerns about safety and reliability, especially for those unfamiliar with the country, notable improvements have been made in key cities like Lagos and Abuja.
Several bus companies operate in Nigerian cities, but safety remains an issue due to poorly maintained vehicles and inconsistent driving standards. That said, long-distance transport infrastructure has improved, particularly with companies like ABC Transport upgrading their fleets to modern, safer buses. These companies focus on comfort and safety, making intercity travel more viable.
In Lagos, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system has seen significant enhancements. Modern buses, dedicated lanes, and expanded routes have been introduced, improving the daily commute for residents. In Abuja, the BRT system is still under development, but there are ongoing efforts to upgrade bus infrastructure and provide a more reliable service.
The once-iconic large yellow molue buses, also known as danfo, which used to dominate the roads in and around urban areas, have largely been phased out. Now, Lagos relies heavily on its improved BRT system to handle public transport needs.
Rail transport in Nigeria remains underdeveloped for passengers despite promising developments. The Abuja Light Rail system is now operational and connects key areas within the city and its surroundings, including Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport and Kaduna. This system represents West Africa’s first rapid transit line and is set to expand further, covering more ground as part of ongoing infrastructure investment.
Although Nigeria’s railway network still faces challenges with security and reliability, recent investments in infrastructure and safety protocols aim to provide a safer and more efficient passenger experience. Before you embark on a journey, keep an eye on the latest updates regarding train schedules and travel safety.
Taxis are abundant in Nigerian cities and provide a convenient way to get around. Taxis are either metered or operate on fixed fares. While you can hail a cab from the street, it’s often safer to book one ahead of time, whether via phone, website, or a mobile app. Always ensure the meter works, or negotiate a flat fare before you set off to avoid surprises.
Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Bolt have expanded their reach in Nigeria. Originally available in Abuja and Lagos, these services now operate in other major cities like Port Harcourt, Ibadan, and Enugu. This growth in ride-hailing has made transport more accessible and reliable, with the added convenience of fare transparency and cashless payments.
Okadas, or motorbike taxis, are a popular, fast, and cost-effective way to travel around many Nigerian cities. They zip through traffic with ease, but they’re not without risk. While they are still common, several cities, including Lagos and Abuja, have imposed strict restrictions on where and when okadas can operate, primarily due to safety concerns. In areas where they are still allowed, both riders and passengers are required to wear helmets, and drivers must undergo training and obtain licences.
Kekes, or tricycles, are another favoured mode of transport for short trips in Nigeria. Like okadas, they are subject to local regulations, with certain cities placing restrictions on their areas of operation to manage congestion and improve safety. Despite these challenges, kekes remain popular due to their ability to navigate crowded streets. There’s also growing interest in making kekes more environmentally friendly, with discussions about transitioning to alternative fuel sources such as LPG or CNG.
Given Nigeria’s vast size and the challenges of road travel, air travel is often the most efficient way to get between cities. The country’s two largest international airports are Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos and Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja. There are also international airports in cities like Kano, Port Harcourt, and Enugu, serving regional and global destinations.
Nigeria has seen an increase in airline options recently. Nigeria Air, the country’s new national carrier, is expected to begin operations soon, and United Nigeria Airlines has been expanding its domestic network since launching in 2021. International carriers such as Safarilink Airlines offer connections from Nigeria to safari destinations in Kenya.
Local airlines must now adhere to stricter safety standards, with the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) enforcing compliance with international safety regulations. Regular audits ensure that proper maintenance and pilot training protocols are followed. Although it's still wise to select airlines carefully, these measures have significantly improved the reliability of domestic air travel.
New airports are also under construction, such as the planned international airport at Lekki-Epe in Lagos and Gusau International Airport in Zamfara. These projects aim to accommodate rising air traffic and promote economic development, although some experts question the necessity of so many new airports given the concentration of passenger traffic in only a few major hubs.
Given Nigeria’s strategic location on the Gulf of Guinea and its extensive inland waterways, boat travel is a growing option. Nigeria’s main ports are located in Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Calabar, but the real development has been in the country’s ferry services. In Lagos, for instance, the Lagos State Ferry Services (LAGFERRY) has expanded its network to include 24 ferry routes operating from 16 terminals, making it a reliable alternative to the city’s often congested roads.
Significant investment has gone into modernising ferry terminals and introducing floating jetties, improving passenger safety and experience. Discussions are also underway to enhance the operations of the National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA), aiming to capitalise on Nigeria’s 2,361 miles (3,800 km) of navigable waterways. These developments are part of broader efforts to position water transport as a viable, eco-friendly solution to Nigeria’s urban transport challenges.
While the expansion of water transport has been promising, safety remains a key concern. Many boats still operate without the necessary safety equipment, and pre-departure safety briefings are frequently skipped. Regulatory bodies like NIMASA and NIWA are working to enforce better safety protocols, but passengers should remain cautious and choose reputable operators.
If you’re looking to do business in Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest economies and an oil-rich powerhouse, you’ll face some unique challenges. Especially if it’s your first time doing business on the African continent, you’ll need to prepare yourself.
Despite the country’s massive strides in the corporate world, Nigeria still contends with systemic corruption and inadequate infrastructure – two major factors that can complicate the business environment.
However, it’s essential to recognise that plenty of business gets done here. Negative perceptions don’t always reflect the reality, so keeping an open mind is key.
To steer clear of potential issues, if you’re relocating to and working in the Giant of Africa, take time to familiarise yourself with key aspects of doing business in Nigeria.
Thanks to its official status, English is the primary language of business in Nigeria. While English proficiency is widespread, especially in urban areas like Lagos and Abuja, you might find that in more rural or northern regions, local languages such as Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo dominate in everyday communication. Major companies increasingly blend these indigenous languages into their local marketing to connect better with the population.
Standard business hours typically run from 8am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. However, since the pandemic, many companies have adopted more flexible working arrangements. In bustling cities like Lagos, you’ll often find businesses open later, reflecting the city’s busy economy. Be aware that businesses in the North may close earlier for prayer times, and some adjust their hours during Ramadan.
The standard for business attire in Nigeria remains smart and professional, with dark colours favoured in traditional corporate settings. However, recent years have seen a shift toward more casual, yet polished, looks, especially in tech hubs. You might notice a mix of traditional fabrics like Ankara paired with modern styles, reflecting the fusion of local culture with global trends.
In Nigeria, greetings are warm and extended, particularly between men, where handshakes linger. If you’re introduced to a woman, especially in Muslim areas, a slight nod of the head may be more appropriate, as many Muslim men won’t shake hands with women. Understanding these nuances is key to making a respectful first impression.
Gift-giving practices vary widely across Nigeria. While it’s not a rigid expectation in business settings, reciprocating a gift is important if you receive one. Always use your right hand when exchanging gifts or shaking hands. More and more businesses are adopting policies to regulate gift-giving, ensuring these gestures stay within ethical boundaries.
While Nigeria remains a patriarchal society, there has been progress in gender equality, especially in education, healthcare, and entrepreneurial ventures. Women are increasingly taking up senior positions in both the corporate and political arenas. That said, traditional gender roles still hold sway in many aspects of society, but the tide is turning. Although challenges remain in access to financing and breaking into male-dominated industries, women-owned businesses are on the rise.
When you arrive in Nigeria, you may encounter some difficulty adjusting to local culture, and the workplace will likely be no exception. Business culture in Nigeria is shaped by a range of factors. With over 250 ethnic groups and numerous foreign multinationals operating here, it’s vital that you remain flexible and open to adapting to local nuances.
Building strong business relationships is the backbone of successful ventures in Nigeria. Patience is essential. Don’t expect to jump straight into formal negotiations – trust must first be established. This is why business meetings often blend social interaction with work discussions, helping to develop those essential personal connections that pave the way for smoother dealings later on.
With the rise of remote work and digital communication, business relationships in Nigeria have also evolved. Video calls and messaging platforms are becoming more common, especially with international stakeholders. Yet, despite these advances, personal trust still plays a significant role, and whenever possible, in-person meetings are preferred to deepen professional ties.
Traditionally, management in Nigeria follows a hierarchical structure with a clear chain of command. The boss, usually male and typically from an older generation, expects respect and rarely faces public criticism. Leadership tends to be directive, and employees are expected to follow instructions to the letter.
That said, this model is beginning to shift, particularly among younger companies and startups. Inspired by global trends, more collaborative, inclusive management styles are emerging. In these more modern setups, open communication and teamwork are highly valued, allowing for more input from employees and fostering innovation. Multinational companies also tend to adopt less rigid, more adaptable management structures to attract top talent.
Nigerians are known for their friendliness and genuine hospitality towards foreigners. Make an effort to engage with locals, and you'll typically find that this warmth is returned in kind. Despite this, be cautious in business dealings. While there is respect for foreign expertise, local nationalism is rising, with a growing emphasis on supporting home-grown businesses.
Foreign investors may face challenges when it comes to securing deals, as Nigerian officials are often more inclined to give business to local companies. Patience and perseverance are key, as is demonstrating a clear understanding of and respect for local business practices.
Although recent efforts to address these issues are showing promise, bribery and corruption remain significant challenges in Nigeria. Public attitudes towards bribery are shifting, with more people refusing to pay bribes and reporting corruption. Government initiatives to combat corruption, such as the use of technology to reduce direct interactions with officials, are also gaining traction.
Despite these improvements, corruption remains deeply entrenched in certain sectors, and you will likely encounter it at some point. Establishing connections with influential local figures can still be key to success, though more transparent and ethical approaches are being encouraged. It's necessary to navigate this aspect of doing business with care, ensuring that you stay within the bounds of local law and ethical standards.
If you’re considering a move to Nigeria, you likely have many questions about what life will be like. Whether it’s personal safety, figuring out the transport system, or staying in touch with loved ones back home, this guide covers some of the most common questions about living in this lively West African country.
Power supply in Nigeria can be a challenge, even in larger cities. It’s common for residents to experience frequent outages. You’ll need a backup power source like a generator or inverter to manage this. Some expats have started adopting solar energy systems as a greener and more cost-effective alternative. While certain neighbourhoods in cities like Lagos and Abuja enjoy better power consistency, it’s essential to be prepared for interruptions.
Safety in Nigeria varies, and while the country may have a mixed reputation, many expats report having a positive, trouble-free experience. Security in major cities such as Lagos and Abuja has improved, with most expats living in gated compounds equipped with top-tier security systems. In addition, many companies take the safety of their international staff very seriously. It’s wise to stay updated on local news and follow any travel advisories, especially in higher-risk areas like the northeast.
Yes, in most cases, having a car is essential for getting around in Nigeria. Public transport is limited and often unreliable, especially for longer commutes. Many expats hire drivers who know the chaotic traffic patterns and local road conditions. Ride-sharing apps like Uber and Bolt are available in major cities and can provide a safer, more convenient alternative to traditional taxis.
Most expats in Nigeria choose international schools for their children. There are numerous reputable options in cities like Lagos and Abuja, offering high-quality education with curricula based on British, American, and other international standards. These schools typically come with excellent facilities but can be quite expensive. Although it requires a significant commitment from parents, homeschooling is an alternative that is becoming increasingly popular among expats seeking more flexibility.
To live and work in Nigeria, you’ll need the appropriate visa, such as the Subject to Regularisation (STR) visa for long-term employment. This requires your employer to secure Expatriate Quota approval. There’s also the Temporary Work Permit (TWP) for short-term assignments. The application process can be complex, so make sure to gather all required documents and apply well in advance of your move.
Nigeria’s healthcare system can vary significantly in quality. In cities like Lagos and Abuja, private hospitals such as Lagoon Hospital offer high standards of care, though public facilities may not meet the same levels of service. Most expats opt for comprehensive private health insurance to ensure access to top-quality medical care. It’s also important to check if your health insurance covers evacuation in case of medical emergencies.
The cost of living in Nigeria largely depends on where you live and your lifestyle. Lagos and Abuja are among the most expensive cities, with housing, schooling, and dining out commanding higher prices. Many expats pay more for utilities like electricity and water due to the need for generators, inverters, and water storage and filtration. However, groceries and domestic help are often less expensive than in Western countries, offering some balance to the overall cost.
Staying connected is easy with reliable internet and mobile services, particularly in urban areas. Major providers such as MTN and Glo offer a range of mobile and data packages to suit your needs. Many expats use mobile data for communication, and international calling apps are widely used. Shipping services are also available if you need to send or receive items, though they can be expensive, and delivery times may vary.
Nigeria boasts a highly developed banking sector, with both local and international banks playing significant roles. If you plan to stay in Nigeria for a short time, you might find it more convenient to keep your offshore bank account and open a local one for everyday living expenses.
Money in Nigeria revolves around its official currency, the Nigerian Naira (NGN), divided into 100 kobos. Though kobos are technically still part of the currency system, they’re rarely used in day-to-day transactions. Instead, prices are usually rounded to the nearest Naira. The following denominations are available:
In recent years, Nigeria has seen a significant redesign of its higher denomination notes, particularly NGN 200, 500, and 1,000, to tackle corruption and counterfeiting. Remember that the Naira has been quite volatile, with its value fluctuating against foreign currencies due to recent economic reforms.
Banking in Nigeria is regulated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), which oversees all major banks. The banking industry includes prominent names such as Ecobank Nigeria, Access Bank, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, and Union Bank of Nigeria.
The country’s banking systems offer various conveniences, including mobile and internet banking, but security concerns remain a priority. Internet banking has become quite reliable, though incidents of fraud – such as phishing and advanced-fee scams – are still a concern. To keep your finances safe, always verify the legitimacy of your transactions and follow general online security best practices.
If you’re a foreigner, you can operate both foreign and local accounts in Nigeria. Many prefer to keep their foreign accounts for larger sums and use a local account for daily expenses. While maintaining a foreign account can be more straightforward, the fees can quickly add up.
Setting up a local account requires patience. Research the specific processes and documentation required by each bank, as they may vary. Popular options include domiciliary accounts, which allow you to hold foreign currencies like dollars, euros, or pounds within Nigeria. Expats typically recommend Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), Zenith Bank, and Fidelity Bank for secure transactions and ease of moving funds in and out of the country.
Although not all accept foreign cards, ATMs are available at many banks. Nigeria is still transitioning from a cash-based society to a more digital economy, so cash is often necessary for smaller purchases. However, an increasing number of establishments now accept debit and credit cards.
If you’re using a credit card, be vigilant with your statements to check for any suspicious transactions. Card fraud remains a risk, so it’s a good idea to notify your bank before relocating to Nigeria and using your card. Some banks will freeze your card after just one Nigerian transaction if they haven’t been notified beforehand.
Your tax liability in Nigeria depends on your residency status. You’re typically considered a resident for tax purposes if you’ve spent at least 183 days in the country over a 12-month period. You’ll be taxed on your worldwide income if you qualify as a resident. Non-residents, on the other hand, are only taxed on income earned within Nigeria.
Income tax in Nigeria is charged at progressive rates, with the highest rates applying to larger incomes. The Personal Income Tax Act allows for some deductions, including charitable donations and costs related to healthcare and insurance. Changes introduced in the Finance Act 2023, though, have made taxes a bit more stringent, with the repeal of several exemptions that previously benefited expats. This includes tax exemptions on income earned in convertible currencies.
For businesses employing expats, it’s also worth noting that the newly introduced Expatriate Employment Levy may impact overall costs. Although temporarily suspended for further consultation, this levy reflects broader changes in attitudes towards tax regulations targeting expats and businesses.
Nigeria has established double taxation treaties with numerous countries and has expanded these agreements to include all ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) member countries. These treaties are designed to prevent double taxation on personal and corporate income, capital gains, and more. You should check whether your home country has such an agreement with Nigeria and whether you qualify for exemptions.
Given the frequent updates to Nigeria’s tax laws, especially those affecting expats, it’s advisable to consult a professional tax consultant or accountant. This ensures you remain compliant while optimising any available deductions and exemptions.
Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest economies, presents excellent work prospects for highly skilled professionals, especially in emerging sectors. Despite its wealth and growth, the country still grapples with safety issues, inequality, and corruption. These challenges may frustrate you in daily life, but many expats successfully adapt and even thrive here, taking advantage of Nigeria’s business-friendly reforms.
If Nigeria’s lucrative salaries are attracting you, balance this with the rising cost of living, particularly for accommodation, healthcare, and education. It’s essential to negotiate a relocation package that covers these expenses. You’ll find costs can add up quickly, especially in major cities like Lagos or Abuja.
Before moving to Nigeria, consider not just the job market, but also the nuances of the country’s business culture. Finding the right fit in a diverse yet often challenging environment will be key to a smooth transition.
The job market in Nigeria has evolved, with the non-oil sector now contributing around 95 percent of the country’s economic activity. While the oil and mining sectors still employ many expats, they contribute only a small fraction to the economy. Key industries like agriculture, ICT, and manufacturing are driving growth and offering a wide range of opportunities.
Expats typically find jobs in the banking, telecommunications, and construction sectors. Popular roles include project management, business development, engineering, IT systems management, and human resources. If you have specialised skills in ICT, healthcare, or communications, you’re likely in high demand.
Nigeria’s NGO sector is also a significant employer. Many international agencies and UN projects use the country as their base for operations across West Africa, creating numerous opportunities for skilled professionals.
If you’re being recruited for an intra-company transfer, you won’t need to search for a job in Nigeria. That said, be prepared for a new business environment, which comes with its challenges. If you're moving with family, make sure you plan for their relocation, including schooling and healthcare needs.
Immigration and visa matters are key considerations. Employers hiring foreign workers must secure an Expatriate Quota from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. You'll also need to stay updated on immigration policies, such as the Expatriate Employee Levy introduced in 2024. Workers from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries won’t need a work permit, but we recommend verifying the latest requirements with your employer.
If you’re seeking a job independently, there are several reliable ways to find opportunities. Online job portals like Jobberman, MyJobMag, LinkedIn, and GrabJobs are commonly used in Nigeria. You might also search for direct applications through the websites of your target companies.
Be aware of potential scams. Job offers from Nigeria can sometimes involve fraudulent schemes. Warning signs include poorly written emails, requests for upfront payments, and vague job details. To safeguard yourself, always verify the legitimacy of your potential employer. Consulting your local Nigerian embassy or reaching out to expat communities already on the ground can be valuable.
The work culture in Nigeria is incredibly diverse, shaped by over 250 ethnic groups and numerous multinational companies. As an expat, you’ll find that business environments vary from one industry to another. Multinational firms, especially in banking, telecommunications, and tech, often imitate a more Westernised work pace, which can be an easier adjustment for those coming from the UK or the US.
Despite this, you may still encounter a more relaxed approach to time, as reflected in the local saying, ‘Hurry up and wait’. Meetings scheduled for the morning may start hours later, depending on the sector or organisation. Be prepared for flexibility, as the approach to punctuality can differ widely across industries. That said, some sectors, particularly tech startups and international corporations, are placing a stronger emphasis on punctuality and structured work hours.
You’ll also notice a deep respect for hierarchy in Nigerian business culture. Decisions frequently come from the top, and senior executives are critical in guiding the organisation. While this can contrast with more egalitarian structures elsewhere, understanding and adapting to these dynamics will help you navigate the work environment more smoothly.
The lack of quality healthcare in Nigeria is a significant hurdle that you may have to accept when moving here. While state-run hospitals and dispensaries exist, they often fall short with poor to fair facilities, under-trained professionals, and outdated equipment. Even private and non-governmental medical centres, while better, are not without their challenges.
Diseases that are rare in developed countries, like cholera and tetanus, still pose a serious threat in Nigeria. However, there is some good news on the horizon. Nigeria was recently declared free from wild polio, the last country in Africa to do so. Progress is also being made in the widespread administration of vaccines, offering hope for future improvements.
When moving to Nigeria, it’s essential to understand the healthcare system’s features and limitations, including health insurance requirements and the potential health risks you may face.
Public healthcare in Nigeria is regulated across federal, state, and local levels, covering teaching hospitals, general hospitals, and local dispensaries. Unfortunately, the sector remains severely underfunded.
In 2024, healthcare received less than 5 percent of the national budget, a slight improvement but still inadequate for addressing Nigeria’s significant healthcare challenges. The healthcare system's chronic underfunding means few qualified doctors and limited resources across the board.
The focus of government spending is also heavily skewed towards urban areas, leaving rural regions poorly serviced. While new initiatives like the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund aim to improve access to essential services in these underserved areas, progress has been slow.
If you’re planning to live in Nigeria, particularly outside major cities, it’s wise to rely primarily on private hospitals for medical care.
Private healthcare in Nigeria has been expanding, and you’ll likely rely on these facilities during your time here. While they don’t always have the comforts you may be used to in the UK or the US, many private clinics offer decent care, and they tend to focus on providing a higher standard of service than public hospitals.
In some cases, private hospitals have improved their ability to treat more complex medical conditions through investment in better technology and specialised staff training. However, don’t expect all private hospitals to meet international benchmarks consistently.
If you need serious or specialised treatment, it’s worth considering travel to South Africa or Europe. For routine check-ups and minor issues, private hospitals in urban areas, including private hospitals in Lagos, are typically sufficient.
In Nigeria, healthcare services usually require immediate payment in cash upfront. For this reason, securing private health insurance is vital, particularly if you need to cover the cost of an emergency medical evacuation abroad.
Private healthcare costs in Nigeria can escalate quickly, even for routine treatments. In the case of serious medical issues or emergency evacuations, costs can reach tens of thousands. Make sure that emergency evacuation is part of your insurance policy – this is often included in expat employment contracts, but if it’s not, bring it up with your employer.
With the introduction of the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) Act, healthcare access has improved, and expats are now required to have health insurance. This ensures that you can access local healthcare services while living in Nigeria.
Pharmacies are fairly easy to find in most Nigerian cities, and the availability of both prescription and over-the-counter medications has improved significantly recently. Although consistency in supply can still be an issue, especially in rural areas, you'll find a broad range of essential drugs across Nigeria.
Many international pharmaceutical brands are available in Nigeria, offering access to medications that meet global standards. That said, it’s a good idea to bring a supply of any prescription medications you regularly use, along with the prescription itself, just in case.
You’ll also need to declare your medication at customs and be mindful of import regulations, especially for controlled substances. Carrying proper documentation can help avoid any hassles at the border.
Nigeria is heavily impacted by tropical diseases like malaria, typhoid, cholera, and yellow fever. From June to October, the rainy season sees a spike in water-borne diseases, making it a particularly risky time for travellers and residents alike.
Malaria remains a major concern throughout Nigeria. Current guidelines recommend using insecticide-treated bed nets, applying mosquito repellent, and wearing long-sleeved clothing to prevent bites. Prophylactic medications for malaria are available, although opinions differ on their long-term use due to side effects. These drugs may also mask malaria symptoms, complicating timely treatment.
Consult a medical professional to determine the best prevention strategy for you. Be proactive: fumigate your living space twice a year, use a mosquito net, and seek medical attention immediately if you show any symptoms of malaria.
Diseases like HIV and tuberculosis are still widespread, so appropriate precautions are essential. You should also avoid drinking untreated tap water, as water-borne diseases spread rapidly. Diarrhoea is a common issue for new arrivals, especially those unaccustomed to the local water and food hygiene standards.
Speak with a healthcare professional before you depart to get personalised advice based on the latest recommendations for travellers to Nigeria. The following vaccinations are typically recommended before travelling to Nigeria:
This list is a general guideline. You should also ensure that all your routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Given some recent outbreaks of diphtheria and measles, staying current with your vaccinations is more important than ever.
Emergency response times in Nigeria are typically slower than you may be accustomed to. Private medical emergency services in cities like Lagos offer faster and more reliable care, but rural areas remain underserved.
You should plan accordingly if you’re travelling or living in remote regions. Ensure your health insurance includes comprehensive coverage for air evacuation, as this may be your best option in an emergency.
In the event of an emergency in Nigeria, you can dial the following numbers:
While these numbers are available, especially in urban areas, response times and availability may vary, particularly in more remote regions.
Many reputable companies offer shipping and removal services to Nigeria. When importing or exporting personal items to or from Nigeria, it’s best to use a reputable agency, like one of the established relocation companies in Nigeria. Some companies also provide storage options and comprehensive insurance to protect your goods.
Shipping costs can be hefty, so consider whether you can source the items locally before you decide. Nigeria has a range of accommodation options that come fully or semi-furnished, and purchasing furniture locally is often more cost-effective than shipping your own belongings.
When hiring an international removals company for your move to Nigeria, it’s important to do your homework. The shipping industry in Nigeria is evolving, with new regulations and emerging players. Established companies like Maersk, MSC, and Sifax are still top choices for shipping goods into the country, thanks to their reliability and experience.
Make sure the company you choose offers the services you need, such as door-to-door delivery, packing, and insurance. Also, check whether they can help with customs clearance, which is essential when shipping goods into Nigeria. Given the potential regulation changes, it’s worth asking about the latest rules to avoid surprises.
Relocation companies can provide a much more extensive service, than removals companies, helping with everything from visa services to helping you find the perfect accommodation and school to settling-in services.
Read more about the best relocation companies in Nigeria.
Shipping your goods to Nigeria can be done via airfreight or sea freight. Airfreight is the quickest option, typically taking between five and seven days, but it comes with a higher price tag. Sea freight, while slower, is far more affordable for larger shipments. Depending on the shipping route, sea freight can take anywhere from 25 to 35 days.
Several factors affect the cost and speed of shipping, including the distance between the origin and destination, the size and weight of the goods, and the shipping method. Full container loads (FCL) are often more cost-effective for larger shipments, while less-than-container loads (LCL) may suit smaller loads but come with a higher price per cubic metre.
Customs duties in Nigeria are determined by the value of your goods and the shipping costs. If you need specific medication when you arrive in Nigeria, it’s wise to check with expat forums or contact healthcare providers and clinics in advance. Some medications may be difficult to find locally, so it’s essential to prepare ahead of time.
When shipping items to Nigeria, be aware that all goods must go through customs clearance. The list of prohibited items is extensive and includes drugs, currency, and certain hazardous materials. Recently, restrictions have been tightened on goods like used vehicles, certain food products, and counterfeit materials. Always consult the Nigeria Customs Service for the latest updates on prohibited goods before shipping.
Shipping cars to Nigeria has become more complex in recent years, with new regulations making it important to stay up to date. Vehicles older than 15 years are prohibited from entering the country, and clearance fees have skyrocketed in recent years, largely due to the weakened naira.
When importing a car, you’ll need to pay a clearance fee based on the vehicle’s value, including cost, insurance, and freight. This fee can vary significantly depending on the make and model of the vehicle.
Nigerian road conditions can be challenging, so it’s often advisable to import a durable, high-clearance vehicle. If you prefer not to import, you can purchase a vehicle locally or through the expat community once settled.
When planning your move to Nigeria, you’re probably wondering how to safely bring your beloved pets with you. Shipping pets to Nigeria involves careful preparation, and it’s wise to work with an accredited moving or relocation company that specialises in pet transport services. These experts can guide you through the necessary paperwork and ensure your pets arrive safely.
Your pet must be microchipped and vaccinated. Be sure to vaccinate your pet against rabies between 30 days and 12 months before entry. Dogs will also need vaccinations for canine distemper, hepatitis, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and parvovirus, while cats should be vaccinated for feline distemper, herpes, and calicivirus.
You’ll also need to arrange a rabies titer test at least 30 days after the vaccination. This test will be valid for 24 months. Remember, you’ll also need an import permit for your pet and a health certificate signed by a licensed vet within 48 hours of their entry into Nigeria.
Pets must travel to Nigeria by air, and they can arrive at the international airports in Lagos or Abuja. It’s important to contact your airline well in advance to ensure your pet meets their travel requirements. Airlines like Ethiopian Airlines, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, and KLM are known for being pet-friendly, but be sure to confirm any fees and conditions directly with them.
Nigeria has long been notorious for its challenges with safety and security, and it’s no surprise that even well-seasoned travellers with years of experience might be concerned about personal safety here. When considering Nigeria, be aware of the country’s security situation.
Many Western governments, including the US and UK, have issued travel warnings to their citizens, advising them to avoid all but essential travel to certain parts of Nigeria. These warnings are especially pertinent for the northern states, due to sectarian violence, and the southern oil-producing regions, where rebel activity remains a concern. The states of Borno, Yobe, and Kogi have been flagged as particularly dangerous, with ‘Do Not Travel’ advisories in place.
That said, many expats who move to Nigeria acknowledge the risks but report that they generally feel safe, especially in more secure areas like Lagos and Abuja. The key is to remain cautious and follow local advice on safety protocols.
Terrorism in Nigeria continues to be a serious concern, particularly for expats working in the oil-rich Niger Delta or Northern Nigeria. If you find yourself in these areas, stay alert to the risks associated with terrorist groups like Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa (ISWA), which remain active in the region. These groups have intensified conflicts in the north, especially in the Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states, where attacks on civilians have become more frequent in recent years.
Governments, including the US and UK, strongly advise against all travel to the northern states due to the unpredictable security situation. There’s a high risk of attacks targeting international bodies, Western nationals, and expats, so it’s essential to remain vigilant. Avoid government and military installations, as well as places of worship such as churches and mosques, which can be targets for terrorist activity.
Curfews are often imposed in high-risk areas. Stay updated with local news and follow any instructions from local authorities.
Kidnappings remain a major threat in Nigeria, and expats are frequently targeted, whether for ransom or terrorist motives. The risk is particularly high in certain regions such as Kogi, Katsina, and parts of the Niger Delta. If you’re working in industries like humanitarian aid, journalism, tourism, or business, you must take extra precautions. Follow safety protocols, avoid high-risk areas, and keep a low profile to reduce your risk of being targeted.
It’s a good idea to arrange secure transport and avoid travelling alone, particularly in rural areas or after dark. Establish communication plans with your employer and local authorities, and stay informed about the latest security developments in your area.
Protests in Nigeria can quickly turn violent, especially in cities like Abuja. Recent protests have been driven by economic grievances such as rising inflation and corruption, and authorities often respond to these with force. Avoid large crowds and steer clear of political rallies and public demonstrations, particularly during periods of heightened tension. Violent clashes between protesters and security forces are not uncommon, and it’s better to stay on the safe side.
The government has sometimes imposed restrictions on public gatherings to maintain order, so stay aware of local advisories. If you notice unrest in your vicinity, it’s best to leave and find somewhere safe.
Crime in Nigeria remains a persistent concern, with both violent and petty crimes prevalent across the country. Assault, burglary, mugging, carjacking, and home invasions are common threats. Always stay aware of your surroundings, as even high-end neighbourhoods aren’t immune. Expats are frequently targeted due to their perceived wealth.
Unfortunately, Nigerian law enforcement may not always respond promptly to incidents, and in some cases, they’ve been known to exploit foreigners by demanding bribes, particularly at checkpoints. Many expats have reported being coerced under the threat of jail time. It’s important always to be cautious when interacting with authorities and to know your rights.
To minimise risks, adopt the same safety measures you’d use in any major city. Remain alert, avoid drawing attention to yourself, and steer clear of risky areas, especially at night.
If you’re living in Nigeria, you may stay in accommodation with 24-hour security, such as a gated community or apartment complex. While this can provide peace of mind, it’s still best practice to lock doors and windows overnight and whenever you leave your home. Remember, even high walls and guards may not deter determined robbers.
Many armed robberies happen at night, especially in urban areas. If you’re looking to take in Nigeria’s nightlife, stick to well-lit, central areas, and always remain vigilant. It’s better to err on the side of caution and limit your movements after dark.
When it comes to fraud in Nigeria, the infamous 419 scams – named after the section of the Nigerian penal code dealing with financial fraud – are still a threat. These scams, often involving email or text messages, typically present fake business proposals or distressing stories, requesting money transfers. Although this type of fraud is well-known, new schemes constantly emerge, and it’s essential to stay aware.
The Nigerian authorities, particularly the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), are actively working to combat these scams. Public awareness campaigns and increased surveillance are helping to reduce cases, but you should still be vigilant, especially when dealing with unfamiliar financial offers.
Advancements in Nigeria’s banking security have been made, with many banks implementing two-factor authentication and closer monitoring of suspicious activities. However, regularly checking your bank and credit card statements for any irregularities is always a good idea.
Road safety in Nigeria is a significant concern, with the risks of armed robbery and carjackings being particularly high in certain areas. Driving at night should be avoided due to the increased likelihood of attacks. For expats, hiring a trusted driver is usually safer than making your way through Nigeria’s often chaotic roadways yourself.
While major cities’ road conditions have improved, rural areas still struggle with poor infrastructure, which can make travel even more hazardous. Many expats negotiate a driver into their employment package for added security and peace of mind.
Public transport remains unreliable and often unsafe, so it’s recommended that you use only reputable, pre-arranged transport services. When arriving in Nigeria, make sure someone you know meets you at the airport to avoid the risks associated with hailing a taxi on the spot.
The local culture in Nigeria can cause a bit of culture shock even before you arrive, especially given the country’s reputation for kidnappings, corruption, and political unrest. It’s understandable if you’re feeling concerned about safety before arriving.
Nigeria’s largest cities, Lagos and Abuja, are busy, chaotic metropolises that can be overwhelming, even for experienced travellers. Nigerian drivers tend to be aggressive, which can lead to frustration on the roads. Adding to the challenge, electricity supply is unreliable, and the laws differ significantly from many other countries, which presents further challenges, particularly for those in the LGBTQ+ community.
Despite these difficulties, many people moving to Nigeria manage to create their own insulated community within the pulsing urban life. Westerners typically live in secure, gated compounds and accommodation that resembles life back home, offering a familiar blend of socialising, sports, and entertainment. Within these bubbles, daily life can feel much like in Western cities.
Still, immersing yourself in local culture and customs will enrich your experience. Nigeria’s cultural diversity is remarkable, and venturing out to experience traditions like weddings or parties offers a vivid glimpse into its animated character.
The reality of living and working in Nigeria might surprise you in positive ways. Nigerians are friendly, the weather is consistently warm, and the food is a true delight. While you’ll face challenges, taking precautions and understanding local norms will make your time in Nigeria a rich and rewarding experience.
Meeting and greeting in Nigeria is steeped in respect, particularly for elders, who hold a central place in society. While all generations are encouraged to be entrepreneurial, you’ll often find that senior positions of authority are held by much older individuals than in the West.
When greeting elders, it’s common to bow your head slightly as a sign of respect. This custom is widely accepted across religious and ethnic groups in Nigeria. To avoid missteps, it’s always best to ask a Nigerian colleague or friend for guidance on how to greet someone in specific social or professional situations.
Greetings take time in Nigeria, and it’s essential not to rush through them. Men generally shake hands on their first meeting, though in some cases, especially in Muslim communities, men may avoid shaking hands with women. Always use your right hand when shaking hands or offering something, as the left hand is seen as disrespectful.
Socialising in Nigeria is lively and welcoming. Nigerians are known for their friendliness, and getting to know locals will significantly enhance your experience. Lagos and Abuja both offer a wide range of modern entertainment options, from bars and clubs to shopping malls and cinemas showing the latest Hollywood releases.
Outside these urban centres, however, entertainment is more low-key. You may still find bars and restaurants, but cinemas and large shopping malls give way to traditional markets and local eateries, offering a more authentic experience of Nigerian life.
Nigeria is home to over 500 languages, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. On a daily basis, you’ll hear a fascinating mix of English, Pidgin English, and indigenous languages like Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo. Learning a few key phrases in these languages will help you integrate, but it’s also the local slang and body language that can really make your interactions smoother.
Nigerian Pidgin English is particularly interesting, as it constantly evolves, reflecting contemporary culture, music, and even social media trends. Words like ‘flex’ (to enjoy oneself) or ‘vibe’ (to connect with the atmosphere) are now part of everyday conversations. You’ll also notice a fun blend of English with local languages, adding a unique flavour to interactions.
Though most Nigerians speak English fluently, it’s customary to show an interest in their well-being by asking about their health and family. Conversations are often direct and to the point. Instead of the lengthy ‘How is your sister doing?’, you’ll hear the more succinct ‘What of your sister?’ – a quick but warm way of checking in.
Religion is woven into the fabric of daily life in Nigeria, with most of the population identifying as either Muslim or Christian. Both religions shape everything from social interactions to business hours, and you’ll find mosques and churches in nearly every town and city. Whether you practise Islam or Christianity, it’s easy to connect with a local religious community to help you settle in and find social support.
There are also smaller religious groups in Nigeria, and respecting these practices is important. While Nigeria has a history of religious conflict, there are increasing efforts to promote tolerance. Interfaith dialogues and joint celebrations are common, fostering a spirit of coexistence in many communities.
Public toilets in Nigeria can be challenging, especially outside major cities like Abuja and Lagos. While some improvements have been made in public sanitation, carrying your toilet paper when you’re out and about is still a good idea. Even in upscale malls, finding a well-equipped bathroom can sometimes be tricky.
When public facilities aren’t available, locals and visitors alike often rely on private establishments, such as restaurants, hotels, and shopping centres, which tend to offer cleaner and more reliable options. In some places, you might even encounter mobile toilets set up for events or in busy areas, providing temporary access to decent facilities.
In rural areas, ablutions may be more basic, and you may need to adapt to local practices, which typically involve using designated outdoor areas. This might be a bit of a culture shock, but it’s all part of understanding the practical realities of living in different parts of the country.
Located in West Africa, Nigeria is an economic powerhouse and a key player in the region. Its southern coast lies on the Gulf of Guinea, opening into the Atlantic Ocean. Most expats moving to Nigeria settle in bustling Lagos or the capital city of Abuja.
Nigeria is richly multicultural, boasting over 500 languages and 250 ethnic groups. Its socially and geographically diverse environment makes it essential to get a good grasp of what to expect before you move.
Living in Nigeria as an expat comes with a unique set of challenges. The media often focuses on safety concerns, highlighting crime, corruption, and scams. While these issues exist, especially in urban areas like Lagos and Abuja, there have been efforts to improve security through increased policing. As an expat, you’re advised to stay vigilant, avoid high-risk areas, and stay informed through local embassies and news outlets. Crime should be a concern, but not a complete deterrent.
If you’re moving to Nigeria for work, you’ll likely benefit from a generous employment contract. Major multinationals, particularly in oil and mining, have a strong presence here, and many provide wide-ranging employment packages, including housing and healthcare. Nigeria is also seeing growing opportunities in IT, telecoms, and financial services.
When it comes to accommodation, many companies secure housing in gated communities with 24-hour security, swimming pools, and gyms. These complexes often foster a strong expat community, providing security and social engagement.
But be aware – life inside these gated communities can feel quite different from the local Nigerian lifestyle. The upside? You’re protected from many day-to-day security issues and can focus on your work or enjoy leisure activities without too much worry.
Private healthcare in Nigeria is essential for expats, as public facilities frequently lack the resources and standards you might be used to. Your company will likely include healthcare in your relocation package, but it’s worth reviewing the details of your insurance to ensure it covers private clinics and hospitals in urban areas.
The cost of living in Nigeria is high, though costs are considerably cheaper for those earning in a foreign currency such as the US dollar. Companies often also offer enticing relocation packages that cover accommodation, transport, healthcare, and schooling. Nigerians have been living through a long cost-of-living crisis with inflation rates not seen for three decades. Locals have seen housing costs rocket, food prices have soared, and petrol is at an all-time high following the removal of fuel subsidies.
If you’re relocating with your family, one of your first priorities will be finding a good school for your children. Lagos and Abuja have several excellent international schools offering British, American, and International Baccalaureate (IB) curricula. These schools provide quality education and are a great way for your family to integrate into the expat community.
Nigeria is also full of hidden gems that make for fantastic family outings. There’s no shortage of adventures, from the peaceful beaches along the coast to the wildlife reserves teeming with fascinating animals.
If you’re in Lagos, a visit to the Lekki Conservation Centre offers a beautiful escape into nature. In Bauchi, the Yankari National Park is a must for its breathtaking rainforest habitat and natural hot springs.
On the downside, transport in Nigeria can be a headache. Lagos traffic is notoriously bad, and it’s not uncommon for commutes to turn into lengthy, stressful ordeals. Most expats solve this by hiring a driver, which takes the stress out of navigating chaotic roads. Having a driver can also help manage the more frustrating aspects of life in Nigerian cities, allowing you to focus on what matters most.
If you love sunshine, Nigeria is perfect for you. The country enjoys bright, sunny weather for most of the year. But during the height of summer, temperatures can soar, making it key to stay cool and hydrated. Many expats invest in air conditioning, but power outages can be frequent. It’s common practice to have a generator or a backup power supply to keep things running smoothly.
The rainy season can also bring heavy downpours, so pack appropriately for the unpredictable weather. But don’t let that put you off – the exciting environment and friendly locals make it all worthwhile.
As with any destination, Nigeria brings pros and cons, so come prepared and keep an open mind to make the most of your time here.
Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria
Population: Around 229 million
Capital city: Abuja
Largest city: Lagos (population of 16.5 million)
Neighbouring countries: Nigeria shares borders with Benin to the west, Niger to the north, Chad to the northeast, and Cameroon to the east. It is located on the Gulf of Guinea, along the Atlantic coast.
Geography: Nigeria boasts a varied landscape that includes coastal plains, mangrove swamps, tropical rainforests, and savannahs. The country is home to the Niger Delta, one of the world’s largest river deltas, and features the Niger and Benue rivers. Nigeria is rich in natural resources, including petroleum and natural gas, which are key economic drivers.
Political system: Federal presidential republic. The system includes an executive branch led by the President, a bicameral legislature (Senate and House of Representatives), and an independent judiciary. Sharia law is also applied in some northern states.
Main languages: English is the official language. Major regional languages include Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and Fulfulde, reflecting the country’s diverse ethnic makeup.
Major religions: Christianity and Islam are the dominant religions, with traditional beliefs also widely practised. The northern regions are predominantly Muslim, while the south is mostly Christian.
Currency: The Nigerian Naira (NGN or ₦) is the official currency. ATMs are available in urban areas, but card fraud remains a concern, so monitoring bank and credit card activity is important.
Tipping: In restaurants, a tip of around 10 percent is appreciated if service is not included. Taxi fares are typically agreed upon before the journey, with small tips for good service being common.
Time zone: West Africa Time (WAT), GMT+1
Electricity: Standard voltage is 240V. Round (type D) and square (type G) three-pin plugs are used. Power outages are frequent, so having a generator or backup system is advisable.
International dialling code: +234
Emergency number: 112
Internet domain: .ng
Driving and transport: Vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road. Traffic congestion and road safety are major concerns, particularly in Lagos. Due to the challenging road conditions and safety concerns, most expats have a company-provided car and driver.
The weather in Nigeria is shaped by its proximity to the equatorial belt and the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in a tropical climate and wetter conditions than you might expect. If you imagine Africa as perpetually dry, Nigeria may surprise you with its lush, humid environment.
Temperatures are consistently high year-round, and the seasons are more defined by rainfall than by changes in temperature. For example, in Lagos, temperatures rarely shift dramatically, staying between 77°F (25°C) and 82°F (28°C) most of the time. Rain is at its peak in June, whereas January is typically dry by comparison.
The southern coastal regions, including Lagos and Port Harcourt, are incredibly humid, but temperatures seldom rise above 90°F (32°C). These areas experience two rainy seasons: a long one from late February or early March to July and a shorter one from September to October. The rainfall during the shorter season is lighter, but still something to be prepared for.
Moving inland to northern Nigeria, which includes the capital, Abuja, you’ll encounter very hot weather. Thankfully, the humidity here is much lower compared to coastal areas. Daytime temperatures regularly soar into the mid-90s°F (mid-30s°C) and even exceed 100°F (37°C). However, be ready for cooler evenings, with temperatures dropping to 72°F (22°C). In northern Nigeria, the rainy season starts later, typically in June or July, and lasts until September.
If you’re moving to Nigeria, pack light, breathable clothing and, crucially, don’t forget an umbrella. There’s little need for heavy winter clothing, so save space for swimwear and a good high-SPF sunscreen for when the sun beats down.