The Philippines is well known for its awe-inspiring natural beauty, with turquoise waters and lush green flora. The Philippines’s best feature, though, is its warm and welcoming people, who contribute to the country’s cultural richness.

If you are moving to the Philippines, you may be enticed by the wonderful quality of life, but just like any destination, there are some downsides to living in paradise.

Below is our list of pros and cons of moving to the Philippines.

Lifestyle in the Philippines

+ PRO: Beautiful natural scenery

With more than 7,000 islands and white sandy beaches, the Philippines’s striking natural landscape will leave you in awe. The country’s beaches consistently top the best beaches and islands lists, while the archipelago is also famous for its delicious exotic fruit.

+ PRO: Plenty of outdoor entertainment

Thanks to an abundance of beaches, rock formations, and mountains, the Philippines is a haven for nature lovers and fitness enthusiasts. You can look forward to a plethora of outdoor activities such as swimming, hiking, rock climbing, surfing, and sandboarding.

Safety in the Philippines

- CON: High crime rates

Safety in the Philippines is a major concern, with high crime rates and gang activity recorded in Manila. There are also scams targeting tourists and foreigners. You should avoid crowded public places and remain vigilant.

- CON: Increased incidence of natural disasters

The Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Typhoons are known for leaving behind a trail of destruction during the wet season, while volcanic and seismic activity is also a common occurrence.

Safety in the Philippines

Cost of living in the Philippines

+ PRO: Inexpensive groceries and restaurants

The cost of living in the Philippines is generally low. Produce is cheap and fresh since the archipelago has a thriving agriculture industry. The Philippines also boasts fantastic cuisine and a vibrant restaurant scene, with options for every price point. Typically, eating out is highly affordable.

+ PRO: Public healthcare is free and private healthcare is low cost

If you are working in the Philippines, you will be entitled to receive free public healthcare under the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth). That said, standards in public hospitals vary, so most people choose private healthcare, which is affordable and largely exceptional.

Cost of Living in the Philippines
Working in the Philippines 
Healthcare in the Philippines

Accommodation in the Philippines

+ PRO: An abundance of housing options

If you are moving to the Philippines, you will be spoilt for choice when it comes to both furnished and unfurnished housing. Accommodation in the Philippines comes in many forms, including apartments, freestanding houses, townhouses, duplexes, and luxury condos in gated communities.

Most expats prefer condos in Metro Manila or Cebu, where security, amenities, and maintenance services are top-notch. If you are looking for a more relaxed environment, renting a house in suburban areas like Alabang or Tagaytay provides a quieter lifestyle with more space.

Accommodation in the Philippines

Transport and driving in the Philippines

- CON: Driving can be chaotic and frustrating

Driving in the Philippines is not for the faint-hearted. Roads in major cities are often congested, and traffic rules are loosely enforced. Many drivers disregard lane discipline, and road conditions vary widely, especially when you travel to more rural areas.

Expats will typically hire drivers to handle the hectic traffic, especially in Metro Manila. If you choose to drive, defensive driving is essential.

+ PRO: Extensive and reliable public transport system

The public transport system in the Philippines is as diverse as its population. The country has modern and traditional transport modes that support every budget and travel need.

Although they can be overcrowded, Metro Manila’s LRT and MRT train networks provide a quick way to avoid the city’s notorious traffic. Jeepneys remain the most iconic and affordable option, covering almost every route, while buses and ride-hailing services like Grab offer more comfort and convenience.

In provincial areas, tricycles and habal-habal (motorcycle taxis) are popular for short distances. Cebu and Davao also have reliable taxi services, with stricter regulations in place.

Public Transport and Driving in the Philippines

If you’re looking for an immersive lifestyle and an attractive cost of living, you’ll find that diversity and inclusion in the Philippines create a unique cultural experience, enriched by an abundance of volcanoes, enchanting forests, and picturesque beaches. This archipelago of more than 7,000 islands is home to over 100 dialects and various ethnicities. With more people from around the world choosing to live here, society has become an even bigger melting pot of cultures.

Read on to learn about diversity and inclusion in the social landscape of the Philippines.

Accessibility in the Philippines

Accessibility in the Philippines is a work in progress. While the country has several laws protecting people with disabilities (PWDs), enforcement remains inconsistent. Progress is visible in major cities like Manila, but accessibility is often limited outside urban centres due to funding gaps and low public awareness.

The Philippines has laws that provide employment rights and accessibility provisions, and mandate ramps, tactile paving, and other mobility-friendly infrastructure. Additionally, companies are required to allocate at least 1 percent of their workforce to PWD employees. While these policies exist, many buildings – including public offices – fail to meet even the most basic accessibility standards.

The Department of Transportation (DOTr) has introduced some modernised public transport stops in Metro Manila with better accessibility features. Taguig City’s Mobility Programme provides free wheelchairs and crutches to PWDs and senior citizens. Despite these developments, many public spaces still lack essential features such as ramps, handrails, and accessible toilets. Even in Manila, tactile paving for the visually impaired is rare.

NGOs and grassroots organisations play a major role in filling accessibility gaps. Groups like The Philippine Coalition on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities continue to push for stronger enforcement, while UNICEF supports inclusive education programmes.

Ride-hailing services like Grab offer a wheelchair assistance service, making private transport one of the more viable options for getting around.

Further reading

• Philippine Accessible Disability Services – Support for People Living with Disabilities
• National Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA) – Government Agency for Disability Rights

LGBTQ+ in the Philippines

LGBTQ+ rights in the Philippines remain a complex issue. While same-sex relationships are legal, there is no recognition for same-sex partnerships, and legal gender changes for transgender individuals are not permitted.

Despite this, the country has a thriving LGBTQ+ community, and public attitudes – particularly in urban areas – are becoming more inclusive. In more conservative rural areas, attitudes remain influenced by religious and cultural beliefs, making grassroots activism particularly important.

Nationally, legislative progress has been slow. The SOGIE Equality Bill, which seeks to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression, has been repeatedly stalled in Congress. Religious groups wield significant influence over lawmakers, and many politicians hesitate to support LGBTQ+ legislation due to concerns about voter backlash. Without a national law, protections remain inconsistent.

Some local governments have stepped in to bridge the gap. Cities such as Quezon City, Manila, Cebu, and Davao have passed anti-discrimination ordinances that provide legal protections in employment, education, and public services.

Despite legal and political roadblocks, LGBTQ+ visibility is increasing. The annual Metro Manila Pride March is the largest in Southeast Asia, and advocacy groups such as LAGABLAB Network and Babaylanes, Inc. continue to push for legal reforms. Community-led initiatives, including LoveYourself PH, are also making strides in mental health support and HIV awareness.

Further reading

• Outrage Magazine – LGBTQ+ Publication
• LAGABLAB Network – Advocacy for LGBTQ+ Rights 
• Metro Manila Pride – Southeast Asia’s Largest Pride March 
• LoveYourself PH – LGBTQ+ Support, Mental Health & HIV Awareness

Gender equality in the Philippines

Gender equality in the Philippines has long been a strong point, consistently ranking among Asia's most gender-equal nations. The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index has placed the Philippines among the top performers in the region, largely due to progressive policies on women’s rights and strong representation in education and business.

Government policies have played a key role in advancing gender equality. The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 improved access to reproductive healthcare, while the Expanded Maternity Leave Act (2019) granted 105 days of paid maternity leave, helping working mothers balance careers and family life. More recently, the Safe Spaces Act (2019) strengthened protections against gender-based harassment, and the Anti-Child Marriage Law (2022) criminalised child marriage.

Despite these advancements, economic participation remains a hurdle. The Philippines has the lowest female workforce participation rate in Southeast Asia, at just 46 percent. Cultural expectations place a disproportionate burden of childcare and eldercare on women, with many juggling full-time jobs while acting as primary caregivers. Women perform nearly 76 percent of unpaid care work, making it difficult to maintain full-time employment.

Some industries are leading the way in gender inclusion. Women now hold nearly 50 percent of managerial roles in the Business Process Outsourcing sector, and government-backed scholarships are driving greater participation in STEM. The finance and banking sectors have also seen a rise in female leadership, while the growing digital economy is giving women more flexibility through remote work and online entrepreneurship.

Corporate efforts are also shifting. Many leading firms are adopting salary transparency policies to close wage gaps, while others are providing return-to-work programmes, childcare subsidies, and flexible work arrangements to help working mothers stay in the labour force.

Further reading

• Women in Business 2024 
• World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2024 
• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) – Gender and Development

Women in leadership in the Philippines

Women in leadership in the Philippines have made significant strides, particularly in the corporate world. According to the latest Grant Thornton Women in Business Survey, women hold 41 percent of senior management positions in the country – one of the highest percentages globally and nearly double the world average. Despite a slight decline from previous years, the Philippines continues to outperform most countries in gender diversity at the executive level.

Women’s representation varies by industry. The finance sector sees a strong presence of women in management, although fewer advance to CEO roles. In healthcare, women dominate frontline medical roles but are underrepresented in top hospital administration.

Female representation in politics lags behind. Women account for just 23 percent of elected officials, and only 7 out of 24 senators are female. While the country has had two female presidents, leadership roles in government remain largely male-dominated. Several factors contribute to this imbalance, including political dynasties, a lack of funding for female candidates, and a persistent gender bias.

Organisations such as the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW), UN Women, and the Asia Foundation are actively working to increase female participation in politics through mentorship and leadership training.

Further reading

• Philippine Commission on Women
• Asia Foundation – Women’s Empowerment Program 

Mental health awareness in the Philippines

Mental health awareness in the Philippines has grown in recent years, particularly with the passage of the Mental Health Act of 2019. The law was designed to integrate mental health services into the national healthcare system, yet implementation has been uneven. Urban areas like Metro Manila have seen better progress, while many rural communities still struggle with access to psychological care.

Adjusting to a new environment can be mentally taxing for those relocating to the Philippines. Culture shock, social isolation, and family separation are common stressors.

The country faces a critical shortage of mental health professionals. There are only 0.46 psychiatrists per 100,000 people, far below the WHO’s recommended levels. Many Filipinos, especially in provincial areas, rely on barangay health workers who have received basic mental health training.

Many international companies operating in the Philippines are now prioritising employee mental health. Some firms offer workplace counselling, flexible work arrangements, and improved insurance coverage for psychological care. Digital platforms such as MindNation and Pinoy Therapy have made online therapy more accessible, especially for those unable to find in-person services.

If you have private health insurance, you’ll have access to top private hospitals, many of which now offer telemedicine mental health services. Your insurance provider should be able to connect you with trusted professionals.

Further reading

• In Touch Community Services – English-speaking Mental Health Services
• #MentalHealthPH – Mental Health Awareness Organisations
• National Center for Mental Health
• Pinoy Therapy – Online Counseling with Filipino Therapists

Unconscious bias training in the Philippines

Unconscious bias training in the Philippines is gaining traction as companies, government agencies, and educators recognise its role in fostering fairer workplaces and institutions. While biases are not intentional, they can deeply influence hiring decisions, leadership opportunities, and workplace culture.

Large international corporations have integrated unconscious bias training into their Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programmes. Many finance and tech firms now require employees to complete bias-awareness workshops as part of leadership development. Companies that prioritise these efforts often see improved diversity in management roles and greater awareness of biases in hiring and promotions.

Government agencies are also taking steps in this direction. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) encourages public institutions to incorporate bias-awareness training for civil servants. Meanwhile, the Department of Education (DepEd) has introduced unconscious bias training for teachers to promote gender-sensitive education. The Department of Labour and Employment (DOLE) also recommends diversity training for companies seeking DEI certifications.

Cultural factors in the Philippines contribute to implicit biases. Traditional values such as hiya (shame culture) often reinforce gender roles and societal expectations. Additionally, lingering colonial mentality can create unconscious biases in hiring and leadership styles, favouring Western ideals or candidates over local talent.

While unconscious bias training alone is not a silver bullet, it plays a vital role in shifting workplace cultures and fostering inclusive leadership. If you’re looking to explore this further, several online resources provide self-assessment tools and structured training programmes.

Useful resources

• Project Implicit – Unconscious Bias Self-Assessment 
• Nonprofit Ready – Free Unconscious Bias Training

Diversification of the workforce in the Philippines

Diversification of the workforce in the Philippines is evolving, driven by a mix of local cultural diversity and increasing global business influences. That said, less than 0.01 percent of the workforce are international arrivals, mostly concentrated in high-skilled or specialised industries. The country remains a major labour-exporting country, with millions of Filipinos working abroad.

While the country is sometimes perceived as a cultural monolith, it is home to more than 180 ethnic groups and over 170 languages and dialects. The economic hubs of Manila, Cebu, and Davao attract a mix of expats, entrepreneurs, and professionals, making these cities melting pots of cultures.

English and Tagalog serve as the main business languages, but regional differences remain strong. In the southern region of Mindanao, for example, Muslim communities contribute to a distinct cultural scene, while Visayan-speaking populations in the central Philippines bring unique business customs and traditions.

If you’re an expat working in the Philippines, cultural adaptation is key to professional success. The workplace often values hierarchical structures, where seniority is respected, and professional relationships are built on trust and personal connections. Filipino communication styles also tend to be indirect and non-confrontational, so understanding workplace etiquette can go a long way in navigating professional settings.

Further reading

• Human Rights Campaign – Corporate Equality Index 

Safety in the Philippines

Safety in the Philippines varies significantly by region. While many areas, including popular tourist and business hubs, are relatively safe, others require more caution. Cities such as Davao and Baguio rank among the safest in Southeast Asia, while urban centres like Metro Manila and Cebu see higher rates of petty crime.

The Philippine government has strengthened security in key locations. Tourist-heavy areas like Makati, Boracay, and Cebu benefit from increased police visibility and dedicated Foreign Assistance Desks in major police stations. Local communities also play a role in maintaining security through Barangay Watch Programmes, which involve neighbourhood patrols to deter crime.

While violent crime rates have dropped in recent years, petty crimes such as pickpocketing, bag-snatching, and scams remain concerns, particularly in crowded areas. As a foreigner, you should exercise caution in busy places, keep valuables secure, and be aware of common scams.

It’s wise to check local advice for those travelling beyond major cities. While places like Batanes and Iloilo are known for their safety, some areas in Mindanao experience sporadic insurgency-related incidents. If you plan to visit remote islands, always consult local authorities for up-to-date travel guidance.

Read more: Safety in the Philippines

Calendar initiatives in the Philippines

4 February – World Cancer Day
28 February – Rare Disease Day
March – TB Awareness Month
8 March – International Women’s Day
17 May – International Day Against Homophobia
19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
10 October – World Mental Health Day
14 November – World Diabetes Day
1 December – World AIDS Day

Pre-colonial era

• The earliest known human settlement in the Philippines dates back to the Palaeolithic Period (more than 12,000 years ago).
• Throughout the era, numerous indigenous tribes inhabit the Philippines, each with its own culture, language, and traditions. The spread of Islam and Hinduism also has a significant influence on the Philippines.
• 9th century: Another significant influence is the arrival of Chinese traders, who introduce pottery, metalworking and textile production, and have a noticeable influence on Philippine cuisine and language.
• Indigenous societies develop complex social, economic, and political structures, ranging from communal barangay systems to powerful trade-oriented polities such as the Rajahnates of Butuan and Cebu.
• The arrival of Chinese and Muslim traders introduces new cultural and economic elements. Over time, various independent kingdoms and sultanates are established, including the Kingdom of Tondo (c. 900) and the Sultanate of Maguindanao (1520).

Spanish colonisation

• 1521: Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrives in the Philippines and claims the islands for Spain.
• 1565: Miguel López de Legazpi, a Spanish explorer and conquistador, establishes the first permanent Spanish settlement in the Philippines in Cebu.
• 1571: The Spanish establish Manila as the capital of the Philippines, marking the beginning of a new era of colonial rule.
• 1571–1898: The Philippines becomes a Spanish trade hub and adopts Roman Catholicism, greatly influencing society. The Spanish conquest is marked by forced labour, land dispossession, and violent suppression of resistance. Despite the brutality of Spanish rule, indigenous and local revolts occur throughout the 300-year period, including the Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1829), the longest anti-colonial uprising in Philippine history.
• 1896: A Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule begins. Filipino revolutionaries make significant territorial gains, weakening Spanish control before the United States intervenes in 1898.

American occupation

• 1898: The Spanish-American War breaks out, and Spain cedes the Philippines to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris.
• 1899: The Philippine-American War is a brutal counterinsurgency campaign in which US forces commit atrocities, including mass killings and torture, and the destruction of entire villages. Up to a million Filipinos die due to warfare, disease, and famine.
• 1901: American colonial rule in the Philippines begins after Emilio Aguinaldo is captured and the Philippine Commission is established, which governs the country and initiates infrastructure development and modernisation. Resistance continues well beyond 1901, particularly in the southern Philippines, where US forces wage a genocidal campaign against Muslim Moros.
• 1942: The Philippines is occupied by Japanese forces during World War II, leading to widespread destruction and suffering for the Filipino people. The occupation lasts until the Japanese surrender of World War II.
• 1944: The US forces drive the Japanese out of the Philippines and resume control of the islands.

Post-independence era

• 1946: The Philippines gains independence from the United States after World War II, but they remain economically and militarily dependent on the United States, which retains control over key military bases and influences domestic politics. The post-war period sees continued land reform and social justice struggles, including the Hukbalahap Rebellion, a communist-led peasant uprising against landlords and the US-backed government.
• 1965: Ferdinand Marcos is elected as the President of the Philippines, marking the beginning of his long, corrupt dictatorship. Marcos’s military dictatorship is propped up by US support, as his regime is seen as a bulwark against communism.
• 1972: President Ferdinand Marcos declares martial law. During this time, Marcos and his regime commits numerous human rights abuses, including extrajudicial executions, torture and forced disappearances.
• 1973: Marcos enacts a new constitution, giving himself absolute powers.
• 1986: The People Power Revolution, a series of non-violent protests and civil disobedience, ousts Marcos from power and installs Corazón Aquino as the new president.
• 1989: US jets assist Philippine government forces suppress an attempted coup.
• 1996: A peace agreement is reached with Muslim separatist group, Moro National Liberation Front. Another group, Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), fights on.
• 2000: Impeachment proceedings start against President Estrada on allegations of corruption, betrayal of public trust, and violation of the constitution. Estrada is eventually sentenced to life in prison, but he is granted a pardon.
• 2013: Super Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Yolanda) strikes the Philippines, causing widespread destruction and claiming the lives of over 6,000 people.
• 2014: The MILF rebel group signs a peace deal with the government that brings an end to one of Asia’s longest and deadliest conflicts.
• 2016: President Rodrigo Duterte declares a ‘war on drugs’, a Draconian campaign which results in numerous human rights violations and extrajudicial killings. Despite international condemnation, Duterte’s war on drugs is tacitly supported by both the US and China, each pursuing strategic interests in the Philippines.
• 2017: The Marawi siege, a five-month conflict between government forces and Islamist militants in the city of Marawi, results in the deaths of hundreds of people and the displacement of tens of thousands. Martial law is also declared in Mindanao after fighting erupts between security forces and Islamic State-linked militants.
• 2020: The Covid-19 pandemic breaks out in the Philippines, killing more than 66,000 people and infecting over 4 million.
• 2022: Ferdinand ‘Bongbong’ Marcos Jr., son of former dictator Ferdinand Marcos, wins the Philippine presidential election by a landslide. His victory marks the return of the Marcos family to power, decades after being ousted in 1986.
• 2023: The Philippine government declares significant progress in counterterrorism efforts, stating that Sulu province free of Abu Sayyaf militants.
• 2024: Tensions escalate between the Philippines and China over territorial disputes in the South China Sea.
• 2024: The Philippine government declares a food security emergency due to rising rice prices, despite lower global costs. The situation highlights vulnerabilities in agricultural production and supply chain management, prompting government interventions to stabilise prices and ensure food availability.
• Today: This era is marked by political instability, poverty, and conflict with rebel groups. That said, the Philippines has experienced economic growth in recent decades by expanding its service sector and outsourcing industry. The Philippines has historically maintained close ties with the United States and played a key role in regional diplomacy as a founding member of ASEAN.

Moving to the Philippines means trading in the familiar for island scenes, bustling cities, and a deep cultural history. With more than 7,000 islands featuring turquoise waters and lush landscapes, this Southeast Asian gem attracts expats seeking adventure, business opportunities, and a lower cost of living. The three main island groups are Luzon in the north, the Visayas in the centre, and Mindanao in the south.

Living in the Philippines swings between urban convenience and island-style relaxation. If you’re relocating to Metro Manila or Cebu, brace yourself for dense traffic and a fast-paced urban environment.

Living in the Philippines as an expat

Adjusting to life as an expat in the Philippines comes with its pros and cons. The country’s warmth goes beyond the weather – Filipinos are renowned for their hospitality. English is widely and well spoken in the Philippines, but understanding local customs and picking up some basic Filipino will help you integrate more smoothly. Filipino culture values indirect communication. Feedback is often given subtly, and maintaining harmony is a priority.

Be mindful of practical concerns. Bureaucracy can be slow, power outages are not uncommon, and while major cities have high-quality healthcare, rural areas may lack medical facilities. Security varies across regions, and foreign governments advise against travel to certain parts of Mindanao due to instability.

Finding a Job in the Philippines

Working in the Philippines

Expats in the Philippines frequently find work in outsourcing, tech, education, and healthcare. Expats typically land jobs with multinational firms or non-profits, or start their own businesses. Digital nomads are also on the rise, drawn to destinations like Siargao and Dumaguete.

You’ll need the right visa to work legally. The 9(G) Work Visa is essential for expats employed by a Philippine company, while entrepreneurs may qualify for the Special Visa for Employment Generation (SVEG). Remote workers operating for foreign companies occupy a legal grey area, as there are no explicit regulations governing digital nomads.

Metro Manila’s gridlock demands patience – commutes can stretch beyond two hours, especially during rush hour. Some expats opt to live closer to their workplace or use co-working spaces in commercial districts.

Visas and Residence Permits for the Philippines

Filipino Culture

Filipino workplaces value hierarchy, respect, and trust. Strong relationships regularly lead to better business opportunities. Decision-making may take longer than in Western business settings, as consensus is highly valued.

Social etiquette is equally important. Public confrontation is discouraged, and maintaining a friendly, non-confrontational manner is key to successful interactions. Hospitality extends into business – meetings typically involve informal conversation and shared meals.

Local Culture in the Philippines 
Business Culture in the Philippines

Finding accommodation in the Philippines

Whether you prefer a high-rise condo in the heart of the city or a quiet home by the beach, the Philippines offers diverse housing options. Metro Manila’s top expat spots – Makati, Bonifacio Global City (BGC), and Ortigas – offer high-rise condos with pools, gyms, and 24/7 security. That said, these come with a premium price tag. More affordable options exist in cities like Cebu, Davao, and Baguio, where you can find comfortable housing at lower rates.

If you're looking to escape the rush of city life, rural and beachside areas such as Siargao, Dumaguete, and Palawan offer a more laid-back lifestyle. Rental costs in these areas are significantly lower, but amenities and infrastructure may not be as developed.

Utility costs can be unpredictable, with electricity expenses running high due to air conditioning. Fully furnished apartments often come at a higher price but save the hassle of buying appliances and furniture.

Renting Accommodation in the Philippines

Cost of living in the Philippines

Your cost of living in the Philippines depends heavily on location and lifestyle. Metro Manila is the priciest, particularly in business hubs like Makati and BGC, where rent and dining costs are comparable to those of Western cities. In contrast, cities like Cebu and Davao offer a more affordable yet comfortable standard of living.

Dining out is generally inexpensive – street food and local eateries serve hearty meals at a fraction of the cost of Western-style restaurants. Groceries are a mixed bag. You’ll find fresh produce and local goods affordable, but imported items such as wine, cheese, and speciality snacks come at a higher premium than you may be used to.

Transport costs vary by city. In Manila, ride-hailing apps like Grab are popular but can be costly during peak hours. Although they may not be the most convenient, jeepneys and buses remain the cheapest way to get around. 

Unexpected costs can include high electricity bills, visa fees, and private healthcare. Many expats opt for international health insurance to cover medical expenses.

Cost of Living in the Philippines

Living in the Philippines with children

Raising a family in the Philippines can be a rewarding adventure. The country is home to international schools, family-friendly attractions, and a laid-back lifestyle that many expats appreciate. Manila and Cebu have a strong network of international schools following the British, American, or International Baccalaureate (IB) curricula, making them popular with expat families.

When it comes to leisure, the Philippines is packed with kid-friendly activities. Theme parks like Enchanted Kingdom and Sky Ranch are great for a day out, while nature lovers can explore places like the Chocolate Hills in Bohol or go whale shark watching in Oslob. Family beach trips to Boracay, Palawan, and Batangas are also a favourite weekend pastime.

Private hospitals in major cities offer quality care, but rural areas have fewer specialists. Many expats rely on international health insurance for peace of mind.

Healthcare and Medical Insurance in the Philippines

Finding a school in the Philippines

Choosing the right school is a top priority for expat families. Many opt for international schools that follow globally recognised curricula such as the IB, British IGCSE, or American K–12 system. Admission is competitive, and schools often have waiting lists, so apply early.

For families moving to the Philippines for the long term, private local schools can be a viable alternative. Many offer bilingual Filipino and English instruction. Although the quality of education varies, these schools provide smaller class sizes and more affordable tuition than international schools. 

Public schools in the Philippines are free for Filipino citizens but may not be suitable for expat children, as Filipino is the primary language of instruction.

School and Education for Expats in the Philippines

Getting around in the Philippines

Transport in the Philippines is evolving, but getting around can still be a challenge, especially in Metro Manila. Ride-hailing apps like Grab, JoyRide, and Angkas (for motorbike taxis) have become the preferred choice for expats who value convenience over traditional transport. These services are widely available in major cities, but may be limited in rural areas.

Jeepneys, tricycles, and buses make up most of the public transport, but they’re often packed and unpredictable. The government has begun modernising jeepneys by introducing electric and air-conditioned models to improve commuter experiences.

If you’re commuting in Manila, the MRT and LRT train systems provide a faster alternative to road transport, although they remain overcrowded during peak hours.

If you don’t want to own a car, alternatives like motorbike taxis, e-bikes, and car hire services with drivers (like MyKuya) can be convenient solutions.

Public Transport, Driver’s Licences and Driving in the Philippines

Climate and weather in the Philippines

The Philippines has a tropical climate, bringing high humidity and warm temperatures throughout the year. The dry season runs from December to May, and the wet season spans June to November. Monsoon rains and occasional flooding frequently accompany the wet season. Typhoons are a significant concern, with peak storm activity between August and October, particularly affecting Luzon and the Visayas.

Learn to manage the humidity. To cope with the heat, you’ll need lightweight clothing, frequent hydration, and air conditioning. Once the summer heat has beaten you down, consider a refreshing retreat to the cooler highland regions, such as Baguio and Tagaytay.

With its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines experiences occasional earthquakes and volcanic activity. While major disasters are rare, it is advisable to be prepared with an emergency plan. Local governments conduct disaster drills, and PAGASA (the national weather agency) provides early warnings for typhoons and seismic activity.

Climate Charts for the Philippines

Fast facts

Population: Approximately 120 million

Major religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant Christianity, Islam

Capital city: Manila

Political system: Unitary presidential constitutional republic

Main languages: Filipino and English, along with additional regional languages.

Time: GMT+8

Electricity: The electrical current is 220 volts, 60Hz. Two-pin flat blade attachments and two-pin round plugs are used, as well as type B plugs, which have two flat parallel pins and a grounding pin.

Currency: Peso

International dialling code: +63

Emergency numbers: 911

Internet domain: .ph

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right.

Doing business in the Philippines means working with a multicultural, ethnically diverse population and a vibrant commercial environment. You may find it smooth sailing in some respects and bumpy in others, especially when you tackle local regulations and cultural nuances.

The Philippines is one of the biggest Southeast Asian markets. Its strategic location opens doors to broader Asian opportunities. Many multinational companies have established bases here, which confirms the country’s reputation as a potential gateway for global investors.

Fast facts

Business language

English remains the go-to language for business communication. Tagalog also plays a key role in bridging cultural gaps and making deeper connections. The country has over a hundred local languages, so localisation can bring you closer to local clients and colleagues.

Business hours

Business hours are typically from 8am to 5pm, with a one-hour lunch break, while most offices are closed on weekends. Government offices in Metro Manila shifted official hours from 8am to 5pm to 7am to 4pm in 2024 to ease traffic and improve productivity. Private companies often keep the classic eight-hour workday and can set their own schedules, provided they follow labour regulations.

Business dress

Formal attire is still the norm in many corporate settings. Suits, ties, and dresses are common, but men typically wear the traditional barong tagalog. Lighter, short-sleeved polo barongs and breathable fabrics are popular in warmer months. Comfort and a neat appearance strike the perfect balance for daily office life.

Greeting

Handshakes and warm smiles set a friendly tone in formal meetings. It is polite to greet the most senior person first and use appropriate titles until you reach a comfortable level of familiarity.

Gifts

Gift-giving is a common practice in the Philippines and often celebrates new deals or partnerships. Neutral gifts such as flowers, sweets, or premium stationery show thoughtfulness without creating pressure to reciprocate. 

Extravagant items can be awkward for recipients. Present or accept gifts with both hands or at least your right hand, and it is polite to open them in front of the giver.

Gender equality

Many Filipina professionals hold senior leadership roles. Recent data suggests close to half of top-level positions are occupied by women, although income figures remain at about 70 percent of men’s earnings. Expat businesswomen in the Philippines may not notice significant differences in treatment, but it pays to stay mindful of local workplace dynamics.

Business culture in the Philippines

Business culture in the Philippines is a mix of East and West. The country sits in Southeast Asia yet showcases strong European and American ties, shaping everyday social interactions in the workplace. Western practices are widespread, although age-old Eastern traditions remain influential.

Business relationships

Many companies in the Philippines are family-owned, and it’s common to find a handful of relatives working together. You’ll see that family ties often blur professional lines, meaning personal loyalty can carry a lot of weight. Building solid rapport with your Filipino counterparts pays real dividends, as trust and goodwill underpin most business dealings.

Younger workers interested in modern practices are slowly reshaping these relationships, favouring a more egalitarian feel. Traditional values hold firm in many organisations, so it’s wise to adapt and respect local norms while you connect with colleagues across all generations.

Hierarchy

Hierarchy in the Philippines relies heavily on respect for senior leaders, with final decisions typically resting on the most senior executive’s shoulders. It’s normal to address superiors using titles like “Sir” or “Ma’am.” Group consensus can still influence key choices, but higher-ups usually set the course. Earning the trust of senior figures and acknowledging their authority can smooth your path in more formal settings.

Communication

Communication in the Philippines is famously warm and hospitable. Polite chit-chat is the norm, and it’s best to avoid overly blunt questions. Face-to-face meetings remain the gold standard, especially when forging partnerships or sealing contracts.

Digital communication is increasingly important, with email, messaging apps and video calls growing in popularity. Many businesspeople still prefer in-person discussions for building rapport and spotting nuanced body language. Watch for indirect cues: a ‘yes’ might simply convey politeness rather than confirmed agreement.

Saving face

Saving face in the Philippines rests on ensuring no one feels humiliated or cornered. Public criticism can strain relationships, so you’ll want to handle conflicts quietly and discreetly. Direct confrontation is uncommon, although younger professionals in multinational firms are learning to balance clarity with courtesy.

You can highlight concerns tactfully, emphasising mutual respect and cooperation. This approach preserves harmony while ensuring issues are addressed without bruising anyone’s pride.

Personal questions

Personal questions about your family, appearance or social life often surface in lighthearted chats. These enquiries can stem from genuine curiosity rather than prying. Many local professionals consider them a friendly gateway to deeper connection.

Dos and don’ts of business in the Philippines

• Do present and receive business cards with both hands and take a moment to read the card before putting it away
• Do consider printing a bilingual version of your card if you expect to work closely with local partners
• Don’t discuss sensitive topics like political controversies, past conflicts, or religion in casual conversation. Personal finances, health issues, and private family matters can also be awkward unless the other person raises them first.
• Do treat Filipino associates with respect and avoid criticising anyone in public
• Don’t be surprised if you hear personal questions. Light-hearted curiosity is common, and you can answer politely or gently steer the chat elsewhere if you’re uncomfortable.
• Do remember that Filipino business culture is personal, and investing time in social interactions helps nurture strong partnerships
• Don’t make direct, prolonged eye contact, as it can come across as confrontational, particularly when speaking with senior figures
• Don’t use gestures like wagging your finger or curling a finger to summon someone, as these signals are discourteous in local culture

Visas and work permits for the Philippines offer expats several flexible entry options. Citizens from more than 150 countries can enter without a visa for stays ranging from 14 to 59 days. Most travellers, including those from the US, UK, and much of Europe, can stay for up to 30 days without a visa. Nationals from Brazil and Israel enjoy up to 59 days.

Indian nationals now benefit from expanded visa-free access under two separate policies. All Indian passport holders can enter visa-free for up to 14 days, while Indian nationals holding valid visas or permanent residence permits from Australia, Japan, Canada, Singapore, Schengen Area countries, the UK, or the US can stay for up to 30 days visa-free.

Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your stay and that you have proof of a return ticket. If you want to stay longer, you’ll need to apply for a visa or permit at the nearest Philippine embassy or consulate.

Visas for the Philippines

Temporary visitor visas

If you need more than 30 days in the Philippines, a Temporary Visitor Visa (9A) is an option. This visa covers tourism, business, and medical visits, offering flexibility based on your travel purpose.

The Philippine government is rolling out a new e-Visa system to simplify the 9A visa application. This system has expanded to include applicants from India. Standard requirements include:

• A passport valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay
• A completed visa application form
• Proof of your purpose – such as hotel bookings, a business invitation, or medical documents
• Confirmed return or onward travel tickets

Some business visitors require an official company letter, and those seeking medical treatment may have to provide an acceptance letter from a Philippine medical institution.

It’s always smart to check with your nearest Philippine Embassy or Consulate for the latest application details and requirements.

Digital nomad visas

The Philippines launched its Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) programme in 2025, targeting remote workers who want to live temporarily in the country while working for overseas employers or clients. This visa allows stays of up to one year, with the possibility of renewal for another year.

To qualify for a DNV in the Philippines, you must be at least 18 years old, provide proof of remote work using digital technology, and demonstrate sufficient income generated outside the Philippines. You’ll also need to show no criminal record and hold valid health insurance.

The programme operates on a reciprocity basis, meaning it’s primarily available to nationals from countries that offer digital nomad visas to Filipinos. Multiple-entry privileges are included during the visa’s validity period.

Student visas

If you’re planning to study in the Philippines, you’ll need a Student Visa (9F). To qualify, you must be at least 18 and accepted into a college or university accredited by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

Financial proof is required – this can be a notarised affidavit of support, bank statements, or a scholarship grant.

Investor’s visas

The Special Investor’s Resident Visa (SIRV) allows indefinite residency for those looking to invest in the Philippines. To qualify, you must:

• Be at least 21 years old
• Invest in a government-approved industry
• Pass health and background checks

The Board of Investments manages eligibility guidelines. Always confirm requirements before applying.

Useful links

• Bureau of Immigration Philippines: Visas
• Philippines e-Visa Application System

Residence permits for the Philippines

If you hold or are applying for an Alien Certificate of Registration (ACR) I-Card, you must complete the Annual Reporting (AR) process within the first 60 days of each calendar year. If they’re unable to appear for AR, exemptions apply for children under 14, seniors aged 60 and above, individuals with mental or physical incapacities, pregnant women, and those with serious medical conditions. Documentation such as birth certificates or medical certificates must be submitted in advance for approval.

The Philippine Bureau of Immigration (BI) now offers a virtual Annual Report option, allowing you to fulfil this requirement via an online platform. To do this, you need to register through the BI’s e-services portal, schedule a virtual interview, and present your original ACR I-Card and valid passport. This option is available to all registered foreign nationals present in the Philippines during the AR period, except for those with paper-based ACRs.

Residence permits based on marriage

If you’re married to a Filipino citizen, you can apply for a 13A Non-Quota Immigrant Visa, which grants permanent residency and allows you to engage in business or employment. The application process requires a duly accomplished Consolidated General Application Form (CGAF), a joint letter request from you and your spouse, a marriage certificate recognised under Philippine law, and proof of financial capacity, such as bank statements or an employment contract. The initial visa is probationary for one year before it can be converted to permanent status.

Residence permits based on employment

If you have a job offer in the Philippines, you’ll need a 9G Pre-Arranged Employment Visa. This visa is employer-specific and requires an Alien Employment Permit (AEP) issued by the Department of Labour and Employment.

If you receive a promotion within the same company, your employer must submit a notice of promotion to the BI, apply for a visa extension, and update your ACR I-Card to reflect your new position.

Residence permits based on retirement

Retirees aged 50 and above can apply for the Special Resident Retiree’s Visa (SRRV), which offers indefinite residency and multiple-entry privileges. The SRRV now has different categories with specific requirements:

• SRRV Human Touch: For retirees who require medical or clinical care. You must deposit a minimum into a PRA-approved bank, have a monthly pension, and hold health insurance valid in the Philippines.
• SRRV Classic: For active retirees. If you have a pension, you need a deposit and proof of monthly income. Without a pension, the deposit requirement is higher. These deposits can be used for investments, such as purchasing a condominium or leasing property.

Always check the Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA) website or consult with an immigration expert to ensure you meet the latest eligibility requirements.

Useful links

• Annual Reporting for ACR I-Card Holders in the Philippines
• Special Resident Retiree’s Visa (SRRV)

Work permits for the Philippines

Alien employment permits (AEP)

For you to work in the Philippines, your employer must prove that no local candidate can perform the role. This is a key requirement for securing an AEP issued by the Department of Labour and Employment (DOLE). The AEP is valid for one to five years and must be applied for alongside an employment visa.

Under new regulations, AEP applications can now be processed while the foreign national is still outside the Philippines. The AEP application requires a passport, employment contract, proof of your employer’s business registration, a recent 2×2 photograph, and a Tax Identification Number (TIN). 

If you receive a promotion within the same company, your employer must notify DOLE and update your AEP to reflect your new role and responsibilities.

Pre-arranged employee visas

If you’re moving to the Philippines for work, you’ll need a Pre-Arranged Employee Visa (9G). This visa is issued after obtaining an AEP and applies to commercial, social, or missionary roles.

Since 2024, promoted 9G visa holders must immediately update their AEP and visa to reflect their new job title. Your employer must submit a notice of promotion, an updated employment contract, and a request for a visa extension within 30 days to comply with the new regulations.

Special work permits

For assignments lasting less than six months, a Special Work Permit (SWP) is ideal. This permit is simpler to secure and tailored for short-term professional engagements. It is initially valid for three months and can be extended for another three months if necessary. You must maintain a valid temporary visitor’s visa throughout your stay.

Provisional work permit

While waiting for your employment visa (9G) to be processed, you must secure a Provisional Work Permit (PWP). This temporary document is valid for three months, or until your 9G visa is approved. You can request an extension if the processing time extends beyond the initial three months.

The Digital Nomad Visa programme allows remote work for overseas employers, but traditional work permits like the AEP are designed for local employment. If you’re working for a Philippine company remotely, you’ll still need the appropriate work authorisation.

Useful links

• Alien Employment Permits
• Pre-Arranged Employee Visas
• Special Work Permits
• Provisional Work Permits

Visa and work permit regulations are subject to change at short notice, so consult your embassy or consulate for the latest requirements.

The quality of healthcare in the Philippines can be a mixed bag, ranging from world-class to bare-bones. If you’re in a major city, you’ll find well-equipped hospitals with skilled doctors. But in rural areas, healthcare facilities can be limited, with outdated equipment and a shortage of medical professionals.

The Philippines’ healthcare system operates through both public and private hospitals. While costs can be high for locals, you may find treatment more affordable than in your home country, particularly in private hospitals.

Doctors and nurses here are highly trained and often speak excellent English. Many have studied or worked abroad, as the Philippines is one of the world’s largest exporters of medical professionals. While their remittances help fuel the economy, the local healthcare system has suffered from this brain drain.

Public healthcare in the Philippines

The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) provides public healthcare in the Philippines. All citizens are entitled to coverage, and if you work in the Philippines, you’re required to enrol.

In early 2025, PhilHealth increased its benefit packages to align with rising healthcare costs and raised its premium contribution rate to ensure financial sustainability. These changes mean expanded coverage, particularly for serious conditions like cancer, rare diseases, and rehabilitation services. If you have dependants, PhilHealth provides shared coverage of up to 45 days per year for spouses, children under 21, and parents over 60.

Although access to healthcare is limited in rural areas, locals can access community health centres known as Barangay Health Centres (BHC). While doctors in public hospitals are highly skilled, facilities and equipment often lag behind private hospitals. PhilHealth doesn’t fully cover many treatments, so you may still need to pay out of pocket.

Private healthcare in the Philippines

Private healthcare in the Philippines is thriving, especially in major cities, where modern hospitals and specialist clinics cater to those who can afford premium treatment. If you’re looking for high-quality medical care, private hospitals are your best bet, offering advanced facilities, short waiting times, and internationally trained specialists.

Many private hospitals in the country are part of large networks that continue to expand. Metro Pacific Health, the largest private hospital network in the Philippines, operates over 20 hospitals nationwide. These hospital groups are actively acquiring and modernising smaller facilities, ensuring a wider reach of high-standard healthcare.

Medical tourism is booming, as international patients are drawn to the Philippines for its combination of world-class healthcare and relatively affordable treatments. Many private hospitals offer specialised services in fields such as oncology, cardiology, and minimally invasive surgery.

Most private hospitals require payment upfront before treatment begins. Many also offer direct billing with international health insurers, but it’s always wise to confirm coverage with your provider beforehand.

Medicines and pharmacies in the Philippines

Pharmacies in the Philippines are easy to recognise, typically marked with a green cross or the word ‘Botika’ in Filipino. You’ll find them in shopping centres, along busy streets, and near hospitals. Most signs are in English, so locating one is straightforward.

Urban areas have no shortage of pharmacies, with major chains like Mercury Drug and Watsons dominating the market. Many of these are open 24/7, offering a wide range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Rural areas, however, may have fewer pharmacies and limited stock, so if you’re travelling outside the city, it’s wise to bring any essential medications with you.

Recent regulations have tightened controls on OTC medications to ensure that only licensed pharmacies sell them. This means you may find stricter enforcement around certain medications that might be more freely available in your home country. Some common drugs that require a prescription in the Philippines but not elsewhere include stronger painkillers, certain antihistamines, and high-dose antibiotics.

If you’re bringing medication from abroad, check Filipino regulations before you arrive. Some medicines that are legal in other countries may be banned or restricted in the Philippines. Carry prescriptions for any essential medications to avoid issues at customs.

Health insurance in the Philippines

Health insurance in the Philippines is essential, whether you’re living here long-term or just passing through. Most companies provide coverage for Filipino employees through a combination of PhilHealth and private health insurance plans. If you’re employed in the Philippines, your PhilHealth contributions will likely be deducted from your salary. If you’re a legal resident but not formally employed, voluntary enrolment in PhilHealth is an option.

PhilHealth has expanded its benefits in line with the Universal Health Care (UHC) Law, which aims to provide more comprehensive medical coverage, including primary care, diagnostics, and some specialist treatments. Still, PhilHealth alone may not offer the level of coverage you’re used to, particularly for private hospitals or specialist procedures.

Many expats and business travellers prefer to take out an international health insurance plan. If you’re considering this, look for a policy that includes key benefits like medical evacuation, maternity and newborn care, mental health support, and coverage for preventive screenings. Dental and vision care are often not included in standard plans but can be added as riders.

Medical evacuation coverage is particularly important. While private hospitals in cities are excellent, rural healthcare facilities can be limited. In the event of a serious emergency, you may need to be airlifted to a hospital in Manila, Singapore, or even your home country.

Health hazards in the Philippines

Health hazards in the Philippines range from mosquito-borne diseases to air pollution in major cities. Whether you’re staying long-term or visiting, it’s essential to be aware of these risks and take the right precautions.

Dengue fever and malaria are common in parts of the country, especially during the rainy season from June to November. Dengue is widespread, particularly in urban areas, while malaria is more of a concern in rural regions. You should use insect repellent, wear long sleeves, and sleep under a mosquito net in high-risk areas.

Air pollution is another concern, particularly in Metro Manila and other densely populated cities. Traffic congestion and industrial emissions contribute to poor air quality, which can aggravate respiratory conditions. To reduce your exposure, avoid high-traffic areas, stay indoors during peak pollution hours, and consider using an air purifier.

Water safety is another key issue. Tap water quality is inconsistent, so it’s best to drink bottled or filtered water to avoid stomach infections. In some areas, heavy metals from mining activities have been linked to environmental health risks, affecting local water supplies.

Read more: Safety in the Philippines

Emergency services in the Philippines

Emergency services in the Philippines vary significantly depending on your location. In major cities, you’ll find well-equipped emergency response teams, while services can be limited in remote areas. 

Some emergencies may require airlifting to a nearby country, particularly for severe trauma cases, complex surgeries, or specialised care that isn’t available locally. Singapore and Hong Kong are common destinations for medical evacuations. If you’re living in or travelling to the Philippines, check that your health insurance includes medical evacuation coverage, as costs can be substantial.

In a medical or security emergency, dial 911 for immediate assistance. The Philippine Red Cross can also be reached at 143. Many international insurers provide their clients with a list of emergency contacts for hospitals and air ambulance services. It’s a good idea to keep these numbers handy, especially if you’ll be spending time outside major cities.

Thanks to the various modes of transport available, getting around the Philippines is straightforward and flexible. Whether you prefer driving, hiring a driver, or using public transport, you have plenty of options to navigate the country efficiently.

Public transport in the Philippines

Buses

Buses are a common sight on Manila’s major roads and in distant provinces. You’ll find both air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned buses, with large placards displaying destinations at the front.

While buses provide an affordable way to travel, city buses are often overcrowded. Stops are not clearly labelled, making it difficult for first-time passengers to navigate routes. Safety regulations exist, including mandatory maintenance checks and driver training, but enforcement varies.

Trains

Although reliability remains a challenge, the railway system in the Philippines offers an affordable way to travel between major cities. Due to ageing infrastructure, overcrowding, and technical glitches, delays are common, especially on the Philippine National Railways (PNR), Light Rail Transit (LRT), and Metro Rail Transit (MRT) lines.

Metro Manila’s rail network extends into its suburbs and outlying provinces. That said, coverage remains limited, leading to high demand and congestion during peak hours.

Accessibility for people with disabilities is inconsistent. Some stations have wheelchair ramps and lifts, but many older stations lack proper accessibility features, making travel challenging for those with mobility issues.

Jeepneys

Originally converted military Jeeps from WWII, jeepneys are an iconic and essential mode of transport. These flamboyantly decorated vehicles are deeply woven into Filipino culture and operate on fixed routes displayed on the exterior.

Jeepneys pick up and drop off passengers anywhere along their routes rather than at designated stops. This flexibility makes them convenient but also contributes to traffic congestion. Overcrowding is common, and if you’re unfamiliar with the route, it can be tricky to know where to get off.

The Jeepney Modernisation Programme aims to replace older, emission-heavy vehicles with environmentally friendly models. While progress is ongoing, traditional jeepneys remain the primary choice for many commuters.

Useful links

• Philippine National Railways (PNR)
• Light Rail Transit Authority (LRT)
• Department of Transportation (DOTr)

Taxis in the Philippines

Taxis in the Philippines provide a convenient and comfortable way to get around the cities. Whether you need a quick ride or prefer the reliability of a door-to-door service, taxis and ride-hailing apps are readily available.

You can book a taxi from a hotel, hail one on the street, or use a ride-hailing app like Grab, JoyRide, or the newly launched Lalamove Ride. These apps often offer better pricing and tracking features, making them a safer and more transparent option.

Traditional taxis still operate widely, but be cautious – overcharging at airports, particularly at Manila’s Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), remains a common issue. Unregistered drivers may also offer negotiated fares, frequently at inflated rates. To avoid scams, stick to metered taxis or ride-hailing services, and share your driver and vehicle details with a friend or family member for safety.

Useful links

• Grab Philippines
• Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
• InDrive
• Lalamove Ride
• JoyRide

Driving in the Philippines

Driving in the Philippines can be an adventure, but it comes with challenges. If you’re unfamiliar with local traffic conditions, hiring a driver initially may be a wise move. Roads can be congested, and traffic laws are frequently inconsistently enforced.

Traffic laws are gradually being more strictly enforced, especially in Metro Manila. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) and Philippine National Police (PNP) have increased crackdowns on reckless driving and road stunts.

Many roads are in poor condition, with large potholes and unclear signage. Night driving can be particularly hazardous, especially during the rainy season when flooding is common.

Car insurance

Third-party car insurance is mandatory in the Philippines. Most international car insurance policies are not accepted, so you should secure a local policy. Comprehensive insurance is advisable to cover potential risks, including damage from floods or accidents.

Driver’s licences

If you plan to drive long-term, you can use your foreign licence for up to 90 days. After that, you must convert it into a Philippine driver’s licence at an LTO office. The process requires your passport, visa, and existing licence. You will also need a medical health certificate and possibly a negative drug test result from an accredited testing centre. 

Useful links

• Land Transportation Office (LTO)
• Department of Transportation (DOTr)
• Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)

Boat travel in the Philippines

With its over 7,000 islands, boat travel in the Philippines is essential for getting around. Whether you’re taking a ferry between major islands or hopping on a traditional bangka for short distances, maritime transport is a way of life.

Bangkas, small wooden boats with outriggers, remain the most traditional and widely used form of water transport. They are ideal for short trips between coastal towns and islands. For longer journeys, ferries offer a more comfortable ride, with several operators providing scheduled routes. Catamarans, the fastest option, serve high-demand routes between larger islands.

The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) and the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) enforce strict safety regulations. Passenger capacity limits prevent overloading, while all vessels must be equipped with life vests, lifeboats, and fire extinguishers. Regular inspections ensure compliance, and sailings may be suspended during rough seas or typhoons.

Useful links

• Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)
• Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)

Air travel in the Philippines

Air travel is the fastest way to traverse the Philippines’ vast archipelago. Major airports include NAIA in Manila, Clark International Airport near Angeles, Mactan-Cebu International Airport in Cebu, and Subic Bay International Airport.

Philippine Airlines (PAL) has expanded its domestic routes, introducing flights from Manila to Cauayan to improve regional connectivity.

Useful links

• Manila International Airport Authority (NAIA)
• Philippine Airlines (PAL)
• Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)

Choosing the right school in the Philippines can feel overwhelming at first, but you’ll find plenty of options that cater to different educational needs and standards.

Public schooling in the Philippines often faces challenges such as underfunding and a shortage of resources. Due to this, many families opt for private or international schools, which generally offer a higher standard of education.

Public schools in the Philippines

Public schools in the Philippines follow a structure similar to the US education system, shaped by the country’s colonial history. Schooling is compulsory for children aged 5 to 18.

English and Filipino are the primary languages of instruction, although for the first three years of school, students are taught in their region’s dominant language before transitioning to English or Filipino. The school year typically runs from June to March or April, with a Monday-to-Friday schedule and long school hours.

While public schools are free, they frequently struggle with large class sizes, a lack of learning materials, and underpaid teachers. Student-teacher ratios are improving over time, and studies show that smaller class sizes lead to better literacy and learning outcomes. The government is also piloting a revised senior high school curriculum to better align with industry demands and job market trends.

Useful links

• Philippine Department of Education
• K-12 Curriculum Overview

Private schools in the Philippines

Private schools in the Philippines follow the same national curriculum as public schools but generally offer smaller class sizes, better facilities, and a higher standard of education. Although they now cater to a diverse student body, many were founded as missionary or Christian institutions.

Many institutions are integrating technology into their curricula, using digital platforms for more interactive and personalised learning. Facilities in private schools are also evolving to meet modern educational standards.

Useful links

• Private Education Assistance Committee

International schools in the Philippines

International schools in the Philippines offer a globally recognised education, with most located in Manila and catering to a diverse expat community. You’ll find institutions following American, British, French, Japanese, and German curricula, among others.

Most international schools follow the curriculum and language of their home country, with many also offering the International Baccalaureate (IB), Advanced Placement (AP), or International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) programmes.

Admissions procedures typically involve academic assessments and interviews. Some schools tailor entrance tests based on a child’s age, academic background, and English proficiency. Others require students who enrol mid-term to meet specific attendance criteria to receive grades. It’s always best to check individual school websites or speak with admissions offices directly, as requirements vary.

Enrolment at international schools can be competitive, with spaces filling up quickly. Starting the application process well in advance can help secure a place, particularly if you’re moving mid-year. If your employer is relocating you, it’s worth negotiating school fees into your expat package, as tuition can be a significant expense.

Nurseries and kindergartens in the Philippines

Nurseries in the Philippines provide early childhood education (ECE) for children aged 0 to 4 under the Department of Education (DepEd). Preschools cater to those aged 3 to 4 and kindergartens for 5-year-olds. If you’re moving to a major city like Manila, you’ll have a wide range of nurseries and early learning centres to choose from, including standalone facilities and those attached to larger international or private schools.

The Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Council has introduced national guidelines to ensure nurseries offer a holistic approach to learning. These cover cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development, integrating health and nutrition to support overall well-being.

Traffic congestion in cities like Manila means proximity to home or work is often a key consideration. Some parents also look for nurseries that offer flexible schedules or extended daycare options, making life easier for working families.

Useful links

• ECCD Council – Early Childhood Education Standards
• DepEd Kindergarten Education

Special-needs education in the Philippines

Special-needs education in the Philippines has been expanding, with efforts to make learning more inclusive. Public schools are encouraged to accommodate students with disabilities, even if they lack specialised teachers. Many of these schools receive support from dedicated Special Education (SPED) centres, while others offer inclusive classroom settings where students with disabilities learn alongside their peers.

Private schools offer varying levels of special-needs support. Some Montessori-based and international schools provide individualised learning plans, but the extent of resources differs. Schools typically require professional evaluations before designing an academic programme tailored to a child’s needs.

Several organisations provide additional support for parents. Groups such as the Autism Society Philippines, the National Council on Disability Affairs, and the Asia-Pacific Centre on Disability offer resources, training, and advocacy for children with disabilities.

Useful links

• National Council on Disability Affairs
• Autism Society Philippines
• Asia-Pacific Centre on Disability

Tutors in the Philippines

Tutors in the Philippines are widely available. The tutoring scene has evolved with a rise in online platforms and personalised learning approaches. On-demand services such as Edukasyon.ph’s EDGE Tutor make it easy to connect with qualified tutors, while traditional learning centres like AHEAD and Kumon provide structured programmes.

Many tutors specialise in international curricula, helping expat students adjust to new academic environments. When choosing a tutor, consider their educational background, experience, and reviews from other parents. Arranging a trial session can help ensure their teaching style suits your child’s learning needs.

For language learning, platforms like Tutoroo and AmazingTalker connect students with private tutors for one-on-one lessons in English, Filipino, and other languages. Local Facebook groups and expat forums are also useful for finding recommendations.

Useful links

• EDGE Tutor
• AHEAD Learning Systems
• Kumon Philippines
• Tutoroo

The unique blend of East and West has shaped the appearance and local culture of the Philippines. The Filipino character is a melting pot of influences that creates a fascinating society. The spirit of kinship, or Bayanihan, is said to have come from Malay ancestors, piousness from Spanish influence, and close-knit family relations from Chinese heritage.

Filipino society is conservative and places great importance on family values. Although geographically part of Southeast Asia, the country has strong European and American cultural ties due to its colonial history. This means that many aspects of the culture may feel familiar, and settling in can be relatively smooth. Still, you should expect to experience some level of culture shock in the Philippines.

With time and effort, you will soon come to appreciate the Filipino people’s distinct character and positive outlook on life. Filipinos are widely recognised for their hospitality and welcoming nature, particularly toward international visitors.

Language in the Philippines

Filipino and English are the two official languages of the Philippines. Based on Tagalog, Filipino is the national language, while English is the primary language of government, business, education, and media.

The Philippines is one of the largest English-speaking countries in Asia. It is the primary language used in professional settings, making it easier for many expats to navigate life in the country.

Other languages play important roles in Filipino society. Spanish is no longer as widely spoken but remains culturally significant, with the Spanish-based creole Chavacano still spoken in Zamboanga and Cavite. Arabic is used among Muslim Filipinos, especially in Mindanao, while Hokkien is the most common Chinese dialect spoken by the Filipino-Chinese community.

The Philippines is home to a vast number of regional languages. Among them, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon are the most widely spoken. However, smaller indigenous languages, such as those spoken by Aeta and Mangyan groups, are increasingly endangered due to urbanisation and the dominance of major languages.

Communication in the Philippines

Communication in the Philippines is a mix of verbal and non-verbal cues. Filipinos frequently use their eyes, lips, and hands to express themselves. The famous ‘eyebrow flash’ (a quick raise of the eyebrows) is a common way of saying ‘yes’ or acknowledging someone. A smile, nod, or slight head tilt also indicates agreement or friendliness.

Direct eye contact can sometimes be perceived as confrontational, particularly between men. When summoning someone, avoid beckoning with your palm upward – use a downward wave instead, as pointing or calling out loudly may be considered impolite.

Politeness is key in Filipino conversation. You should maintain a gentle tone and avoid overly direct questions, as these may come across as rude. The use of po and opo, which convey respect, remains common when speaking to elders. That said, younger Filipinos in urban areas may use these honorifics less frequently in informal settings.

Dress in the Philippines

Dress codes in the Philippines vary depending on the industry, climate, and occasion. In the business world, attire remains formal in corporate and financial sectors, with men wearing dark suits and ties, while women opt for business suits or blouses with skirts or trousers.

Business attire has evolved, influenced by global trends and the rise of remote work. Many companies, especially in tech and creative industries, embrace business casual or even relaxed dress codes, allowing polo shirts, jeans, and trainers. Traditional garments like the Barong Tagalog (for men) and Filipiniana dresses (for women) are still worn for formal events and government functions, but are less common in daily office wear.

Read more: Business Culture in the Philippines

Women in the Philippines

The Philippines is a matriarchal society, where women play a significant role in family and community life. Women enjoy equal legal rights and are well-represented in politics and business. The country has had two female presidents – Corazon Aquino and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – and numerous female senators, mayors, and government officials.

In business, women hold high-ranking positions, and female entrepreneurship is thriving. The Philippines consistently ranks among the top countries in Asia for gender equality, particularly in education and economic participation. However, challenges remain, including wage gaps and underrepresentation in STEM fields and corporate boardrooms.

Read more about Women in Leadership in the Philippines.

Religion in the Philippines

Religion plays a central role in Filipino society, shaping traditions, laws, and daily life. Four in five Filipinos identify as Roman Catholic, a legacy of Spanish colonisation. Islam, primarily practised in Mindanao, accounts for about 6 percent of the population, and Protestant and Evangelical Christian groups are expanding, particularly among younger generations.

The impact of religion is evident in governance, with laws reflecting Catholic values – divorce remains illegal, abortion is highly restricted, and same-sex marriage is not yet recognised. Religious observances like Holy Week and Simbang Gabi influence business operations, as many establishments pause for these events. Politicians frequently cite religious beliefs in policymaking, reinforcing the deep connection between faith and governance in the Philippines.

While religion remains deeply ingrained in Filipino culture, shifts are occurring. A growing number of Filipinos identify as agnostic, atheist, or spiritual but not religious, particularly in urban areas where globalisation and changing social values have influenced perspectives.

Social customs in the Philippines

Filipinos place high importance on maintaining social harmony and avoiding embarrassment, also called ‘saving face’ (hiya). This value influences communication styles, workplace interactions, and social etiquette. Instead of outright refusing a request, many Filipinos use polite phrases like ‘maybe’ or indirect responses to avoid confrontation.

The influence of globalisation has changed modern Filipino society. Younger generations are more direct in communication, particularly online, and traditional gender roles are evolving as more women enter professional careers. Despite this, respect for elders remains fundamental, with honorifics like po and opo still widely used, although informal speech is becoming more common among younger Filipinos.

LGBTQ+ in the Philippines

The Philippines is considered one of the most LGBTQ+-friendly countries in Asia, with a vibrant LGBTQ+ scene, particularly in Manila, Cebu, and other major cities. Despite this, legal protections remain limited. While some local governments have enacted anti-discrimination ordinances, national laws protecting LGBTQ+ rights are still pending, and same-sex marriage is not yet legal.

Social acceptance varies by region. Urban areas, where LGBTQ+ figures are prominent in entertainment, media, and fashion, tend to be more accepting. In contrast, rural areas with stronger religious influences may hold more conservative views. Family acceptance plays a crucial role in an LGBTQ+ individual’s experience, as familial support often outweighs broader community attitudes.

Read more about Being LGBTQ+ in the Philippines.

Dining in the Philippines

Food is at the heart of Filipino culture, and meals are a time for family, friends, and celebration. You will likely be invited to share meals during your time in the Philippines, whether at a casual gathering or a formal banquet. Filipino cuisine reflects a blend of Spanish, Chinese, and indigenous influences, with a focus on bold flavours and communal dining.

Traditional kamayan dining – eating with your hands – is still practised, especially in rural areas and during special occasions like boodle fights, where food is laid out on banana leaves for a shared meal. While this method remains popular, most urban settings and formal restaurants use utensils.

When dining with Filipinos, expect a warm and hospitable atmosphere. If you are offered food in a Filipino home, it is best to accept, as declining may be seen as an insult. Although individual servings are also common in restaurants, meals are often served family-style, with dishes placed in the centre for everyone to share. 

General etiquette tips for the Philippines

• Using utensils: While eating with your hands is acceptable in informal settings, use utensils in formal restaurants unless dining kamayan-style.
• Elbows on the table: Once considered impolite, this rule is now largely overlooked in casual settings but still respected in traditional households.
• Waiting for others: At family gatherings, it is customary to wait for the eldest or host to begin eating before you start.
• Head of the table: In formal settings, the cabizera (head of the table) is typically reserved for the host or elder, although modern households are more flexible with seating.
• Splitting the bill: Among younger generations, KKB (‘Kanya-Kanyang Bayad’, meaning ‘each pays their own’) is more common, whereas traditionally, the eldest or wealthiest person was expected to cover the bill.
• Gifting culture: Bringing a small gift (pasalubong) when visiting someone’s home is appreciated. Digital gifts, such as food delivery vouchers, are also becoming popular.
• Respect for elders: Addressing elders with po and opo and serving them food first is a sign of respect.

Managing your banking, money, and taxes in the Philippines is straightforward, but staying informed about currency regulations, exchange rates, and banking practices is key. Whether you’re moving for work or business, understanding how the Philippine Peso operates will help you through daily transactions and financial planning.

Money in the Philippines

The official currency in the Philippines is the Philippine Peso (PHP), with one peso equal to 100 centavos (sentimos). While cash is widely used, digital payments and online banking are becoming increasingly common.

• Notes: PHP 20, PHP 50, PHP 100, PHP 200, PHP 500, and PHP 1,000
• Coins: PHP 1, PHP 5, PHP 10, and PHP 20, along with 1, 5, 10, and 25 centavos

If you’re bringing money into or out of the country, keep in mind that regulations apply. You can carry up to PHP 50,000 without prior approval from the BSP. If you’re carrying more, you’ll need written authorisation, which is typically granted for specific purposes like research, numismatics, or machine testing.

For foreign currency, you can bring in or take out up to the equivalent of USD 10,000 without declaration. Anything beyond this must be declared using the Foreign Currency Declaration Form, which is available at Bureau of Customs desks in international ports and on the BSP website.

Various banks, authorised foreign exchange dealers, and hotels provide currency exchange services, but rates can vary. For the best deals, avoid airport exchange counters, which often have higher markups.

Useful links

• Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Banking in the Philippines

Banking in the Philippines offers a mix of traditional and digital solutions, giving you plenty of options to manage your finances efficiently. Whether you’re looking for a global banking experience or a local institution with strong domestic networks, the country has a wide range of financial institutions to choose from.

Banking hours in the Philippines typically run from 9 am to 3 pm, Monday to Friday, with most branches closed on weekends and public holidays. ATMs are widely available, but cash remains essential for transactions in rural areas.

Major local banks include the Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI), BDO Unibank, and Metrobank, each offering a full suite of financial services. International banks such as Citibank, HSBC, and Standard Chartered also operate in the country, making international money transfers and multi-currency banking easier.

Digital banking is on the rise, with platforms like Maya, GCash, Tonik, and GoTyme Bank transforming how people save, transfer money, and pay bills. These fintech solutions offer seamless mobile transactions, often with lower fees and higher interest rates than traditional banks.

Be cautious when banking with small rural institutions. These banks cater to local farming and merchant communities, offer limited services, and can shut down with little notice. If security and stability matter to you, stick with well-established banks.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account in the Philippines requires an in-person visit to your chosen bank. You’ll need identification, proof of residence, and bank references from your home country. Some banks process applications faster if an existing client or employee refers you.

Digital banks frequently offer a fully digital application process, making it easier to set up an account without visiting a branch. These banks typically require fewer documents and provide competitive interest rates on savings.

ATMs and credit cards

ATMs are easy to find in cities and larger towns, often located inside shopping malls and bank branches for added security. If you’re withdrawing large amounts, use ATMs inside bank premises to reduce the risk of card skimming or fraud.

Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and retail shops. But in remote areas, cash is still king. To avoid fraud, never let your card out of sight during transactions and enable two-factor authentication for online banking.

Safety in the Philippines

Taxes in the Philippines

Understanding your tax obligations in the Philippines is crucial to avoiding penalties and ensuring compliance. Your tax liability depends on your classification, which is determined by your residency status and source of income:

• Resident citizen: Taxed on worldwide income.
• Non-resident citizen: Taxed only on Philippine-sourced income.
• Resident alien: Taxed only on income earned within the Philippines.
• Non-resident alien engaged in trade or business: Taxed progressively on Philippine-sourced income.
• Non-resident alien not engaged in trade or business: Subject to a flat tax rate on income from Philippine sources.

As a rule of thumb, if you work in the Philippines for an unspecified period, you are likely classified as a resident alien. If you are on a specific contract, you are typically considered a non-resident alien.

Recent tax reforms have made adjustments to personal income tax rates, with higher earners taxed at progressive rates of up to 35 percent at the top bracket. Meanwhile, the introduction of a 12 percent VAT on digital services affects those using international platforms for business or entertainment.

The tax year runs from 1 January to 31 December, and income tax returns must be filed by 15 April of the following year. Late filings result in penalties and interest charges, so it’s best to stay ahead of deadlines.

Common tax pitfalls

Many foreign residents in the Philippines make costly mistakes when filing taxes. Misunderstanding your residency status can lead to incorrect tax filings. If you are a resident citizen, you must declare your worldwide income, whereas non-residents and aliens are only taxed on local earnings.

If you hold foreign bank accounts, be mindful of international tax reporting obligations, such as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) for US citizens. Non-compliance can lead to hefty fines, so consulting a tax professional is highly recommended.

Missing tax deadlines is another common pitfall. Mark key dates in your calendar and consider using the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) online filing system to avoid late penalties.

If you’re earning in multiple jurisdictions, understanding tax treaties between the Philippines and your home country is vital to avoid double taxation. Seek guidance from an accountant who specialises in expat taxation to save yourself significant time and money.

Useful links

• Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)
• Department of Finance
• IRS – Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

Safety in the Philippines is a mixed bag. While many expats report feeling secure, crime and natural disasters remain significant concerns. Major cities like Manila and Cebu have areas with high crime rates, while regions such as Mindanao remain volatile. Still, there are pockets of safety, especially in business districts and well-governed cities.

Stay vigilant, secure your valuables, and keep up to date with political developments and weather warnings. The effectiveness of law enforcement varies, with some areas having a strong police presence while others struggle with corruption and slow response times. In well-monitored business hubs like Makati and Bonifacio Global City, CCTV surveillance and community policing have improved security.

Food and water safety in the Philippines

Food and water safety in the Philippines can be hit or miss. Tap water is generally not safe to drink, and waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A remain risks. While bottled water is widely available, filtration systems are a smart investment if you plan to stay long-term.

If you’re looking for extra precautions, boiling water is the most effective way to kill bacteria. Reverse osmosis and activated carbon filters also work well for home use, while UV sterilisation and portable water purifiers are ideal for travellers. When out, avoid ordering your drinks with ice, as it often comes from tap water. When eating out, opt for freshly cooked meals over raw or street food, and pay attention to hygiene standards.

Natural disasters in the Philippines

Natural disasters in the Philippines are an unavoidable reality. The country sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it highly vulnerable to earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. If you’re living here, having a solid emergency plan and the right insurance coverage is essential.

The government has improved disaster preparedness through early warning systems, stronger building codes, and better evacuation protocols. Organisations like the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology provide real-time updates. Stay alert, follow official advice, and know your nearest evacuation routes.

Typhoons

Typhoon season runs from June to November, with several storms making landfall each year. Strong winds, storm surges, and flooding can wreak havoc, especially in coastal and low-lying areas. Even well-developed cities like Manila and Cebu suffer from waterlogged streets and power outages.

Always monitor weather updates from PAGASA, the national weather bureau. If a typhoon warning is issued, stock up on essentials, secure your home, and follow evacuation orders if needed. Preemptive evacuations are common in high-risk areas, with schools and government buildings doubling as shelters.

Consider property insurance that covers typhoons and flood damage, and travel and health insurance to cover emergencies. When a storm is on the horizon, it’s better to be safe than sorry.

Earthquakes and volcanoes

The Philippines is no stranger to earthquakes. The country straddles multiple fault lines, making seismic activity a frequent occurrence. Metro Manila, Northern Luzon, and parts of Mindanao are particularly at risk. Experts warn that the West Valley Fault, which runs through Manila, is due for a major quake.

If you experience an earthquake, remember to ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’. Stay indoors if possible, avoid doorways, and protect your head. Aftershocks are common, so be cautious even after the shaking stops. PHIVOLCS provides real-time updates on seismic activity, and local authorities will issue safety instructions when needed.

Volcanic eruptions are another hazard. The Mayon Volcano in Albay is one of the most active, with frequent minor eruptions, while the Taal Volcano in Batangas is unpredictable, last erupting in 2022. PHIVOLCS assigns Alert Levels ranging from 0 (normal) to 5 (hazardous eruption imminent). If an alert level rises, follow evacuation orders immediately. Ashfall can cause respiratory problems, so having N95 masks on hand is a smart precaution.

Protests in the Philippines

Protests in the Philippines are a regular occurrence, especially in the capital. Demonstrations often focus on political issues, labour rights, and foreign policy. Anti-government rallies, workers’ strikes, and protests over territorial disputes in the West Philippine Sea are among the most common.

In Manila, protests frequently occur near government buildings, the US embassy, and major public squares. While most demonstrations remain peaceful, large-scale political rallies sometimes lead to tense standoffs with police. Authorities maintain a visible presence, particularly during high-profile events. In some cases, dispersal tactics such as water cannons and arrests have been used.

You should steer clear of protest areas, as situations can escalate quickly. Transport disruptions, roadblocks, and sudden police actions are common near demonstration hotspots. Monitor local news and stay updated on planned protests if you’re in the city.

Security in the southern Philippines

Security in the southern Philippines remains a concern, particularly in Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. While government efforts have improved stability in some areas, certain regions still face threats from armed insurgent groups.

Groups such as Abu Sayyaf and ISIS-affiliated factions have been responsible for attacks, kidnappings, and armed clashes with government forces. While these incidents have decreased due to sustained military operations, sporadic violence still occurs, particularly in remote areas.

Multiple governments, including the UK and the US, strongly discourage travel to parts of Mindanao. Some urban centres like Davao City have seen significant security improvements and are now considered relatively safe. If you need to visit Mindanao for business or personal reasons, check government travel advisories and take all necessary precautions.

Crime in the Philippines

Crime in the Philippines is a serious concern, especially in major cities like Manila and Cebu. While law enforcement efforts have improved in business districts such as Makati and Bonifacio Global City (BGC), violent crime, theft, and scams remain risks.

Gangs operate in certain areas, and armed robberies have been reported on public transport. Pickpocketing and bag snatching are common in crowded places such as malls, markets, and transport hubs. Avoid carrying large amounts of cash and wearing expensive watches or jewellery, as these can attract unwanted attention.

In Metro Manila, some areas have higher crime rates than others. Districts like Tondo, Quiapo, Pasay, and Malate are known for street crime and scams, while parts of Caloocan and Navotas have a history of drug-related violence. If you’re new to the country, it’s best to research neighbourhoods before moving or visiting.

Scams

Scammers often target foreigners in the Philippines, using increasingly sophisticated methods. Some of the most common scams include:

• Fake investment schemes: Fraudsters posing as brokers or business partners offer ‘too-good-to-be-true’ investment opportunities.
• Real estate fraud: Some expats have fallen victim to fake property listings or misleading deals.
• Online romance scams: Scammers build trust over time before asking for financial assistance.
• Tourist traps: Overpriced taxis, fake tour guides, and the ‘your hotel is closed’ trick are common near airports and tourist areas.
• ATM and credit card fraud: Skimming devices can be used to steal banking information. Always inspect ATMs before use and avoid those with unusual covers on the keypad or card slot.

If an offer sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Always verify businesses, deals, and individuals before engaging financially.

Emergency numbers

Emergency response times vary across the country. In Metro Manila and major cities, police response has improved thanks to increased CCTV surveillance and technology-driven crime reporting platforms. In rural and island areas, delays can be significant due to limited resources and infrastructure.

You are strongly advised to purchase an international health and travel insurance plan that includes emergency medical evacuation. Private air ambulance services can be lifesaving in critical situations, particularly in remote areas where medical facilities are limited.

• General emergency number: 911
• Police: 117
• Philippine Red Cross: 143

Finding accommodation in the Philippines can be one of the biggest hurdles when you first arrive. But with the right approach, securing a home that suits your lifestyle and budget doesn’t have to be overwhelming.

Thanks to the reasonable cost of living, you’ll find a broad range of housing options – from high-rise condos in Metro Manila to beachfront villas in Palawan. Whether you’re relocating for work or seeking a laid-back island lifestyle, every region has something unique to offer.

Cost of Living in the Philippines

Types of accommodation in the Philippines

The type of housing available in the Philippines varies greatly depending on location, lifestyle, and budget. Metro Manila, Cebu, and Davao offer modern high-rises, while suburban and rural areas feature single-detached houses, bungalows, and traditional Filipino homes.

Freestanding houses

If space and privacy are top priorities, single-detached houses in gated villages are a solid choice. These are common in Metro Manila’s upscale subdivisions, such as Makati, Bonifacio Global City (BGC), and Alabang, where high security and community amenities add value.

In suburban and provincial areas, you’ll find bungalows, which are typically single-story homes built with concrete and wood, designed to handle the tropical climate. If you’re after something with character, heritage towns like Vigan feature Spanish-era stone houses known as bahay na bato.

Townhouses and duplexes

Townhouses and duplexes are ideal if you want more space than a condo but don’t need a large property. Found in both gated communities and urban areas, these multi-level homes are often more affordable than single-detached houses and are a good middle ground for families or professionals.

Condos and gated communities

Condominiums are the most popular housing choice for expats in the Philippines, especially in business hubs like Makati, BGC, and Ortigas. Many high-rise condos come with pools, gyms, and 24/7 security, making them a convenient and secure option.

Gated communities (known locally as subdivisions) offer the benefits of security and community living, with shared amenities such as parks, clubhouses, and sports facilities. These are popular among families and those looking for a quieter, more residential setting.

Apartments

Apartments in the Philippines are usually smaller and simpler than condos, but they remain a solid choice if you’re looking for affordability and low maintenance. Security is typically provided, but apartments may lack the full-service amenities of condominiums.

Furnished vs unfurnished

When searching for accommodation, decide whether you want a furnished, semi-furnished, or unfurnished property. Furnished units cost more but are ideal for short-term stays. In contrast, an unfurnished unit offers greater flexibility but requires buying furniture.

Due to the hot climate, air conditioning is a must, but not all homes have it. You should also check insulation, as some properties may not be designed to handle both heat and humidity efficiently.

Short lets

If you’re only in the country for a few months, short-term rental options like serviced apartments, co-living spaces, and Airbnb listings are widely available. Many condos in Manila cater to short stays, offering flexible contracts and hotel-like amenities. Serviced apartments are available in most major cities. These come fully furnished and include housekeeping, making them a hassle-free option.

External links

• Airbnb
• Vrbo
• RentPad Philippines
• Lamudi Philippines

Finding accommodation in the Philippines

Finding accommodation in the Philippines can be challenging, especially if you’re unfamiliar with the local market. Whether you’re after a high-rise condo in Makati or a more laid-back home in Cebu, using the right resources and knowing what to expect can make the process smoother.

The internet is the best place to start your search. Real estate websites like Dot Property Philippines and Lamudi list rental and for-sale properties across the country. RentPad specialises in condo and apartment rentals, while Facebook Marketplace and real estate groups often feature direct listings from landlords.

Also consider working with a real estate agent or relocation company. These professionals can help you navigate the market, negotiate rental terms, and avoid scams. Relocation firms offer additional services such as temporary housing, school searches, and visa assistance, making them a solid option for those moving for work or with families.

Relocation Companies in the Philippines

Useful links

• Dot Property Philippines
• Property24 Philippines
• MyProperty Philippines

Renting accommodation in the Philippines

Renting accommodation in the Philippines is a straightforward process, but as a newcomer, it’s important to understand lease terms, deposit requirements, and landlord responsibilities before signing a contract. Many expats arrange their rental through their employer, but if you’re searching independently, a real estate agent or relocation company can help you navigate the market and avoid pitfalls.

Making an application

You’ll need to prepare some documents before securing a rental. While landlord requirements vary, here are the most common ones.

• Valid passport – Proof of identity and residency status.
• Visa or ACR I-Card (Alien Certificate of Registration) – Required for long-term stays.
• Proof of income or employment – Work contract, business permit, or bank statements to show financial stability.
• Security deposit and advance rent – Usually one to two months deposit plus one to two months’ advance rent.
• Signed lease agreement – Ensure the contract includes rental terms, payment details, and responsibilities.
• Co-signer – Some landlords may require a Filipino co-signer if you have no local credit history.

It’s advisable to work with a licensed real estate agent or lawyer to ensure the lease agreement is legitimate and protects your interests.

Leases

Lease agreements in the Philippines typically run for 12 months, with an option to renew. In luxury condos, landlords may require the full year’s rent upfront, although this can sometimes be negotiated.

Short-term leases (three to six months) are available, especially in serviced apartments, but often come at a premium. Some landlords may allow a month-to-month rental agreement, but these are less common outside short-stay condos and Airbnb properties.

Deposits

Most landlords require a security deposit equivalent to two or three months’ rent, which is refundable at the end of the lease, provided there are no damages or outstanding bills.

Before moving in, inspect the property carefully and document any issues. It’s not guaranteed that the landlord will repair broken items before you move in, so negotiate these terms upfront. Some landlords may agree to pay for supplies (like paint) if you cover the labour cost yourself.

Terminating the lease

Breaking a lease early can be costly. Standard contracts require 30 to 60 days’ notice, and penalties often include forfeiting the deposit or paying a termination fee (typically one to three months’ rent).

If you need to leave early, offering a replacement tenant may help you avoid penalties. Some companies assist employees with lease terminations if the move is work-related, so check with your employer before signing a contract.

To avoid issues, request an exit clause in your lease that allows early termination under specific conditions.

Utilities in the Philippines

Your rental price will frequently exclude utilities such as electricity, water, and internet, so you’ll need to budget for these additional costs. Setting up accounts and paying bills can vary depending on your location and rental agreement, so it’s best to clarify these details with your landlord before moving in.

Electricity

Electricity in the Philippines is provided by different suppliers depending on the region. In Metro Manila and nearby provinces, Meralco is the main provider, while cities like Cebu, Davao, and Iloilo have their own electric cooperatives. Rural areas rely on local power distributors under the National Electrification Administration.

If your rental has an existing electricity connection, you may only need to transfer the account to your name. That said, many landlords keep the account in their name and require tenants to reimburse them monthly. If paying directly, you can pay electricity bills in person at payment centres, through online banking, or via e-wallet apps such as GCash and Maya. Many expats prefer digital payments to avoid long queues.

Electricity rates fluctuate, but major cities generally have stable power. Rural areas experience occasional brownouts, especially during storms. High-rise condos often have backup generators, which typically only power common areas.

Gas

Unlike in many Western countries, piped gas is rare in the Philippines and is usually only available in luxury condominiums. Most homes rely on bottled liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) canisters for cooking. These can be purchased from supermarkets, hardware shops, and authorised LPG dealers like Petron Gasul, Solane, and Shellane. Some companies offer home delivery.

If you’re renting a condo, check whether LPG is allowed, as many buildings prohibit it due to safety concerns. In these cases, electric or induction stoves are the preferred alternative.

Water

Water supply in the Philippines is managed by different providers depending on your location. Metro Manila is split between two companies – Maynilad and Manila Water – while provincial areas rely on local water districts regulated by the Local Water Utilities Administration. Cebu, Davao, and Iloilo each have their own regional water districts.

If your rental cost does not include water, you may need to set up an account with the provider. Requirements usually include a valid ID, proof of residence, and a security deposit. However, in many condos and apartments, water bills are included in association dues or paid directly to the property management.

Tap water is generally not safe to drink in the Philippines. Most residents rely on bottled water or filtration systems. Many households use refillable 5-gallon (19L) water containers, which brands like Wilkins, Absolute, and Summit can deliver.

Bins and recycling

Local government units or private contractors handle waste collection services in the Philippines. In Metro Manila, rubbish is usually collected twice a week, although schedules vary by city. Some upscale condos and gated communities have private waste management services with stricter disposal rules.

Recycling is still developing in the Philippines. Some cities, like Quezon City and Davao, enforce waste segregation policies, while others have limited recycling facilities. Commonly recycled materials include plastic bottles, aluminium cans, and paper, which junk shops or informal waste collectors often collect.

Internet

Internet in the Philippines is provided by major telecom companies such as PLDT, Globe, and Converge. Fibre-optic connections are available in urban areas, while more remote locations may rely on DSL, 5G, or mobile data.

Internet reliability varies by region. Metro Manila and Cebu have the fastest speeds, while provincial and island areas may experience slower connections. Public WiFi is common in malls and cafes but is often unreliable.

If your rental does not include internet, you will need to register with a provider. Required documents usually include a valid ID, proof of residence, and a security deposit. Some landlords may allow you to take over an existing plan instead of setting up a new one.

Keeping in Touch in the Philippines

Security

Security is a major concern for expats in the Philippines. Many prefer gated communities or condominiums with 24/7 security and controlled access. Houses often have reinforced gates and security bars on windows.

If you’re renting a stand-alone house, consider hiring a security guard or checking if the village has private patrols. Some high-end residential areas have community-wide security services, which can provide additional peace of mind.

Safety in the Philippines 

Domestic help

Many expats in the Philippines hire domestic staff such as house cleaners, drivers, and nannies. Full-time helpers may require accommodation within your home, while part-time staff typically commute.

Household help is often found through word-of-mouth, referral agencies, or online platforms. Salaries and duties vary, so it’s important to agree on work hours, responsibilities, and compensation before hiring.

Useful links

• Electricity: Meralco, Visayan Electric (VECO), Davao Light, and Iloilo Electric (ILECO)
• Gas: Petron Gasul, Solane, and Shellane
• Water: Maynilad, Manila Water, Metro Cebu Water District, and Davao City Water District
• Recycling: The Plastic Flamingo, Envirocycle, and SM Greenbag Recycling
• Internet: PLDT, Globe Telecom, Converge ICT, Sky Broadband, and DITO Telecommunity

If you plan to establish your career working in the Philippines, you will soon notice that the local workforce is shaped by Spanish, American, Malay, and Chinese influences. The Philippines has an emerging economic market and a highly educated talent pool.

Metro Manila is a gateway to Southeast Asia, hosting numerous multinational corporations with regional headquarters in Makati. This bustling district is not only the country’s financial and business hub but also its diplomatic centre. Thanks to this global flair, you will rub shoulders with a large expat community living and working in the area.

Job market in the Philippines

There are several sectors booming in the job market in the Philippines. Information Technology and Business Process Management (IT-BPM) continue to thrive, while manufacturing, renewable energy, financial services, and construction are also experiencing impressive growth. These industries fuel both foreign investment and local enterprise, meaning there is no shortage of opportunities if you have the right skill set.

Traditional industries such as mining and food processing still play an important role in the country’s economy. Tourism remains a strong contender too, attracting visitors from all over the globe. You may also uncover chances to teach a foreign language or work in a call centre, particularly if you are interested in joining the flourishing outsourcing sector.

Finding a job in the Philippines

Finding a job in the Philippines can be a thrilling adventure if you know where to look. Many professionals relocate here through an intra-company transfer or by securing a role at a multinational corporation.

We recommend browsing the websites of local and international companies operating in the country to see if they are hiring. You can also search for vacancies on job portals such as JobStreet, Kalibrr and LinkedIn. Short introductions and active follow-ups can work wonders when you meet contacts through industry events or professional associations.

If you aim to work in the Philippines, remember to get a valid work visa before you arrive. Your employer typically handles your work permit, but you might still need to supply documents like a signed employment contract and passport details. Your employer must also prove that no qualified local candidate can fill the position.

Visa applications and renewals can feel like navigating a maze. Processing times vary and may run several weeks or even months. Make sure you submit updated documents on time. Working without proper authorisation or letting your permit expire can result in hefty fines and possible deportation.

Visas in the Philippines

Useful links

• Department of Labour and Employment (DOLE)
• JobStreet
• Kalibrr
• LinkedIn

Work culture in the Philippines

Deep-rooted values of respect, hierarchy, and group harmony shape the work culture in the Philippines. If you come from a Western background, you may find that workplace interactions are often less direct than you’re used to. Most professionals speak English, so communication barriers are minimal, but cultural nuances play a significant role in professional relationships.

Filipinos tend to favour indirect communication to maintain harmony. Criticism is rarely given outright, and non-verbal cues frequently carry as much weight as spoken words. This approach stems from the concept of hiya (a sense of shame) and the strong cultural desire to avoid embarrassment or conflict.

Hierarchy is deeply respected in Filipino workplaces. Employees show deference to superiors, regularly addressing them with titles like ‘Sir’ or ‘Ma'am’. Decision-making is usually top-down, and it is not common for subordinates to challenge leadership openly. Instead, dissenting opinions are communicated subtly or through intermediaries.

If you ever need to resolve a disagreement, private discussions work best. Public criticism can cause someone to ‘lose face’, which is highly undesirable. Using a mediator or offering feedback that emphasises group success rather than individual shortcomings can go a long way in maintaining positive relationships.

The standard workweek runs from Monday to Friday, with some offices operating on weekends. Most employees work from 8am to 5pm, typically with a one-hour lunch break. While punctuality is valued, Filipino business culture can sometimes be more relaxed with time, particularly in social settings.

Business Culture in the Philippines

Communication in the Philippines can be a breeze, especially since the country is often called the ‘social media capital of the world’. There is no systematic censorship on social media, so you’ll easily stay connected.

You may find internet speed hit-and-miss, as the Philippines frequently lands in the lower half of global connectivity rankings. The government and private sector are investing in new infrastructure projects, though, which should improve online access across the archipelago.

Internet in the Philippines

The internet is an essential part of everyday life in the Philippines and comes in several forms. Fibre broadband is increasingly common in major cities, with some providers offering speeds that surpass what you might expect in the region. Mobile broadband is widespread, too, with 4G and budding 5G networks covering much of the population.

There can be a stark contrast between areas with robust fibre connections and those still relying on older DSL or cable infrastructure. Public WiFi schemes are spreading, and you can often find free WiFi hotspots in urban public buildings or parks, although coverage in remote areas can be patchy.

The biggest internet providers include PLDT, Globe Telecom and Converge Fibre. If you’re renting accommodation in the Philippines, keep in mind that WiFi is usually not included in your rent and is billed separately.

Landlines and mobile phones in the Philippines

Landlines and mobile phones in the Philippines are a cornerstone of daily life. Although you may find limited coverage in some rural spots, PLDT remains the leading provider of landline services. You’ll need a tenancy agreement and other paperwork to install a landline.

Smart (under PLDT) and Globe Telecom dominate the mobile market, offering both prepaid and postpaid plans. Dito Telecommunity has also emerged as a new competitor, aiming to improve service quality. Many people prefer prepaid SIMs for flexibility and simplicity. Mobile contracts can require proof of residence, employment and sufficient income. Long-distance calls can be pricey, so do keep an eye on your bill when dialling abroad.

SIM card registration is mandatory in the Philippines, so you’ll have to provide valid identification and personal details before getting connected. An eSIM might be a good choice if you want convenience. These digital SIMs let you switch plans without juggling physical cards. They’re increasingly popular among business travellers and frequent flyers.

Useful links

• PLDT
• Smart Communications
• Globe Telecom
• Dito Telecommunity

Postal services in the Philippines

Postal services in the Philippines are primarily handled by PHLPost, the country’s government-owned postal corporation. Each region has a designated postal code, but delivery times can vary significantly, especially for international shipments.

PHLPost has recently upgraded its services to improve reliability. The new EMS Next Day Delivery aims to speed up urgent mail and parcels, particularly in Metro Manila. Advanced scanning technology has also been introduced, allowing for more accurate tracking and real-time updates, making international mail more transparent and efficient.

Many people prefer private couriers for reliability and faster delivery. Leading providers like LBC Express and 2GO Express have extensive nationwide networks, while new players such as Amigo are gaining traction with user-friendly digital platforms and competitive service options. E-commerce has driven improvements in tracking, delivery times, and customer service, with courier companies investing in better logistics and technology.

English-language media in the Philippines

English-language media in the Philippines is widely available, whether you prefer traditional newspapers, cable television, or streaming services. Major cable providers such as SKY and PLDT offer packages that include international news, sports, and entertainment channels from the US and UK.

Streaming has taken off in recent years, with global platforms like Netflix, Disney+, and Amazon Prime Video available in the country. Newer services have also entered the market – Max by Warner Bros. Discovery launched in late 2024, bringing HBO, DC Universe, and Warner Bros. content under one roof. Local streaming platforms such as Blast TV offer English-language programming from major studios like NBCUniversal and Paramount.

Print media still holds its ground. The Philippine Daily Inquirer and The Manila Standard remain among the most widely read English newspapers, both in print and online. Many international publications are also accessible digitally.

Welcome to our guide to weather in the Philippines, which covers the archipelago’s tropical and maritime climate. You’ll find plenty of warm, sunny days alongside high humidity, with two main seasons shaping the year: a rainy spell from June to November and a dry stretch from December to May. Temperatures tend to sit around 78°F (26°C) in the cooler months and soar to about 99°F (37°C) in May. 

Storms and typhoons often roll in during the wet season, so keep your ear to the ground for forecast updates. Some parts of the country witness hardly any let-up in the rain, while others enjoy more defined wet and dry phases. The timing of the rainy season can vary from year to year in response to factors like monsoon dynamics, typhoon routes, and broader climate shifts.

Regional variations in the Philippines can be dramatic due to the country’s diverse landscapes. Luzon has cooler highland zones, particularly during the dry season, but low-lying areas still feel balmy throughout the year. Visayas in the centre tends to see rain in most months, while Mindanao’s southern location keeps it typically hot and humid. Baguio City, perched roughly 4,900 feet (1,500 metres) above sea level, is famously cooler, with a mean annual temperature of around 65°F (18°C).