If someone is visibly foreign, South Koreans generally won't expect them to understand the local culture. Expats who have been in South Korea for a while have can learn the ins and outs of the culture by observing those around them.

The language barrier is a source of culture shock in South Korea. While the younger generation will probably be keen to test their English skills on expats with a friendly greeting, most of the older people in the country speak little to no English. A simple way to ease these situations is by brushing up on basic greetings.

New arrivals should also adopt bowing, as this can work as a greeting, a sign of gratitude or an acknowledgement. South Koreans pay great respect to their elders, so expats should always bow to people who are senior to them unless they are being served by them in some way.

Cuisine in South Korea

South Korean hosts will be incredibly impressed if expats try all the food that is placed in front of them. Korean cuisine has unique tastes and aesthetics. Those with a delicate palate should build up their resilience to spicy food before they arrive, as most dishes here have a fiery or sharp flavour.

While most Western foods are available in South Korea, the local cuisine is cheaper and definitely worth a try. Vegetarians in South Korea should be aware that most of the main dishes have meat or some kind of seafood in them. It is a good idea for vegetarian expats to ask a Korean friend or co-worker to write a note for them to inform serving staff that they don't eat meat of any kind.

Trends in South Korea

Koreans are extremely fashion-conscious, a fact visible in almost every facet of daily life. New shops and eateries pop up overnight to keep up with current trends. This dynamism requires expats to be flexible to keep up with changes in trends. 

For the fashion-conscious, it's wise to mirror the dress code of people of a similar age. In the workplace, it's advisable to dress formally for the first week or two and then adjust according to one's particular work environment. Women should note that although they can wear short skirts, no cleavage should ever be shown. Women also usually cover their shoulders.

A further adjustment that foreigners will need to make is that shoes should be taken off whenever a home is entered. Most locals keep a pair of indoor shoes that they change into after arriving home. Some restaurants also require patrons to remove their shoes before entering the dining area. 

Space in South Korea

Another cultural aspect that takes some getting used to is the use of space. South Korean cities are crowded with apartment blocks, skyscrapers and bustling markets. Being able to adopt an 'Eastern space not Western space' mindset will be helpful, especially when negotiating apartment sizes or Seoul subway carriages during peak hours. Although the cities are crowded, there are plenty of forests, beaches and islands to escape to on the weekends.

Women in South Korea

Although Korea is arguably a male-dominated society, modern-day Korean women strongly value their independence and will generally stand up to belittlement.

A word of warning, though: women who smoke on the street, wear low-cut shirts or drink excessively will be looked down upon. Being foreign gives expats some leeway, but they will probably receive a few dirty looks if they behave this way in public.

Cultural dos and don'ts in South Korea

• Do get toilet paper before heading to the stall. Most public toilets in South Korea don't have toilet paper in each stall.
• Don't expect to eat much fruit in South Korea, as it's quite pricey
• Don't write anyone's name in red ink, as this traditionally signifies death
• Don't leave chopsticks sticking up in a bowl, as this is only done when commemorating the dead
• Do look away from the table when taking a sip of alcohol with a group of Koreans. This is considered polite.
• Don't pour yourself a drink. If another person at the table offers a refill, let that person pour it and return the favour by pouring one for them.
• Don't fold your arms when in the company of older people – this is considered rude. Rather leave them hanging by your side.
• Do always use two hands when accepting money, a business card or anything of importance

South Korea could be called the high-speed internet capital of the world. Currently, 97.4 percent of the population uses smartphones. In addition to the impressive internet availability, mobile phones, landline phones and the oft-forgotten postal system are all reliable and affordable in South Korea.

Although most are in digital form, there is an array of English newspapers and publications in the country, thanks to the large expat community in Seoul. Keeping in touch in South Korea will likely be a pleasant and simple experience for expats. 

Internet in South Korea

South Korea ranks as having one of the fastest internet speeds in the world, surpassing even its biggest rivals, China and Japan. Nearly every citizen has access to reliable, high-speed broadband through the extensive network of fibre optic lines in the country.

KT Corporation, SK Broadband and LG Uplus are the most prominent internet providers and offer good service at affordable prices. Expats wanting to set up an account will need a Residence Card.

For people on the move, internet cafés, known as PC bangs (rooms), are everywhere in South Korea, and many are open 24 hours a day. Expats will have no problems getting computer access if they require it, even in the most remote areas. WiFi is also freely available in many public spaces. 

Telephones in South Korea

There are three telephone and mobile operators in South Korea: SK Telecom, Korea Telecom (KT) and LG Uplus. All three offer exceptional customer service available in English.

Mobile phones

Mobile phones are by far the most popular means of communication in South Korea.

Affordable contracts are available in addition to prepaid options. Many expats sign up for a two-year contract with the least possible amount of call time but with unlimited data. If they then leave before their contract has finished, some will pass on the phone contract to someone else, usually another expat that has just arrived, or simply cancel the contract for a fee. 

To sign up for a contract or a prepaid phone, an expat will need their Residence Card and passport. Anyone who doesn't speak Korean is advised to set up the terms of their agreement in Seoul, where employees are more likely to speak English.

Postal services in South Korea

Despite being such a digitally connected country, the South Korean postal system has maintained its efficiency. International postage is not outrageously expensive, and postcards can easily be sent in bulk without costing too much. Although many expats choose to receive packages at work so that they can sign for them, packages are also delivered to people's homes or their apartment buildings.

As a direct result of South Korea's strong economy and the presence of large multinational companies, courier services within South Korea are fast and reliable. Many international courier companies such as FedEx and DHL have offices in the country, in addition to local options such as Madhur.

Print media in South Korea

As a result of the large expat community in South Korea, several English-medium newspapers and online publications are available. There are some printed national newspapers that are distributed in larger cities, including The Korea Herald and The Korea Times, which also have English websites.

Considering South Korea's extremely high population density, expats soon find that securing accommodation in South Korea is often more a case of making the best out of a situation instead of hunting down the perfect rental unit.

The range of housing options in South Korea is limited, and prices can be exorbitant. On the positive side, most Korean employers, especially those employing English teachers, organise accommodation for their employees as part of their employment contract. This significantly lowers an expat's cost of living.

Types of accommodation in South Korea

Although living spaces are tiny by Western standards, the standard of accommodation in South Korea is high. Rental accommodation in South Korea generally falls into three categories, namely houses, villas, officetels, goshiwon or apartments. Houses are difficult to find and are usually expensive. Villas are buildings with up to five storeys that typically contain up to 10 individual units. Apartments are contained in the high-rise buildings that dominate the skyline of every South Korean city.

Officetels are mixed-use properties that have offices and apartments. These are typically more modern and have sought-after amenities like gyms and the latest appliances. It goes without saying that these facilities often carry a heavier price tag. The alternative, goshiwon, are small rooms with only essential furniture. Students often opt for this type of housing, as it's usually cheaper. 

While house and villa interiors can vary, South Korean apartments often follow the simple formula of a single bedroom, bathroom and kitchenette. Underfloor heating (ondol) is a great bonus, and most modern apartments have air conditioning in at least one of the rooms. The lack of privacy in apartment buildings due to the closeness of the apartments is probably the one aspect of Korean housing that expats will have the most trouble adjusting to.

Another aspect foreigners will have to wrap their heads around is the fact that Korean bathrooms typically don't have separate showers. Instead, the tap over the washbasin would have a hand shower attached to it. This essentially turns the whole bathroom into a shower. Koreans also have special shoes they leave outside the bathroom to put on when going into the bathroom to avoid getting their socks wet.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Since many employers supply apartments, there isn’t a standard answer to whether an apartment comes furnished. Depending on how kind one’s employer is, an apartment can be fully furnished, even including pots, pans and cutlery. On the other hand, some apartments only come with a fridge, washing machine and bed. This is something expats will need to discuss with their employer beforehand.

Luckily, with the transient nature of expat life in South Korea, good quality furnishings are available at low prices. It shouldn’t be hard for new expats to get the basics.

Short lets

Expats who do not have their accommodation covered by their employer might consider investing in short-term rentals while investigating the different areas and suburbs they might want to settle in. This is a fantastic option as short lets are often more affordable than hotels and are fully furnished. While this option may be pricier than renting an apartment, utilities and cleaning fees are usually included in the cost. Expats can visit property management sites and companies like Airbnb to find a short-term rental. 

Finding accommodation in South Korea

Expats who aren't assigned accommodation by their employers are often shocked at the high rental prices in South Korea. The best way to find a rental is to search online property portals, expat discussion groups and social media groups listing properties.

Real-estate agencies are also common in most South Korean neighbourhoods, with some agencies specialising in the expat market. Estate agencies can also help expats overcome the language barrier when negotiating lease agreements. Agency rates for securing a lease are typically up to 1 percent of the annual rent cost. 

Useful links

• Dabang app is one of the most popular mobile applications for searching for rental properties in South Korea. Expats should note that some ads may be in Korean. 
• Naver Real Estate lists apartment rentals throughout South Korea. 
• One of the most interactive and detailed rental accommodation websites in South Korea, Zig-Bang partners with accommodation managers and often houses the latest listings. 

Renting accommodation in South Korea

Most expats won't have to go through the rental process themselves, as it's quite standard for employers to supply their foreign employees with an apartment. Although this takes the stress out of the moving process, it takes the choice of where to live out of the expat's hands. Some expats, therefore, prefer to choose their own accommodation and receive a monthly stipend from their employer instead.

Deposits

Jeonse or 'key money' is a uniquely South Korean phenomenon which functions like a deposit – except that the amount of money required is extraordinarily high and generally amounts to 50 or 100 percent of the market value of an apartment. Key money is meant to be returned in its entirety when the lease agreement is concluded, but in some cases, it can be difficult to get a refund promptly.

Paying the often exorbitant key money usually means tenants do not pay rent during their lease period. It's important to note that owners are more forthcoming with jeonse agreements in times of high-interest rates, as they invest the tenant's key money to turn a profit on the rental.

The alternative is the wolse system, which allows tenants to pay a smaller deposit and a monthly rental fee. Most expats and students opt for this system as it is typically more affordable and won't require them to get a loan from the bank. 

The third rental system in South Korea is the banjeonse, a combination of the jeonse and wolse systems. Tenants who opt for this structure are expected to pay a larger deposit than they would for a wolse lease but smaller than for a jeonse contract. They will then pay a monthly rental fee based on how high the deposit they paid was. 

Leases

Standard leases in South Korea typically last for a year to three years. Expats can choose to sign a jeonse, wolse or banjeonse lease, which impacts the amount of money they need to fork out for their deposit. 

Expats must submit a copy of their rental agreement to their local district or registry office. They will then give tenants a Confirmation Date (Hwak Jeong Il Ja), certifying that the key money paid has been officially recorded. This ensures the property will not be illegally auctioned while a tenant still occupies it. 

Most rental properties in South Korea will not allow pets, but expats looking to move with their furry friends are encouraged to check with their landlords. Expats should ensure they thoroughly read through their rental contract and get someone to translate it if it's written in Korean. 

Termination of the lease

The tenant has to give at least three months' notice if they want to move out of an apartment before their lease in South Korea ends. Landlords may penalise tenants who choose to terminate their lease without what is deemed a good reason before it reaches the halfway mark.  

Tenants should take pictures of the apartment when they move in and leave it in as good (or better) condition as they found it in – otherwise, they can expect to have to fight with their landlord to get their deposit money refunded. If anything is broken or the apartment is left in an undesirable condition, the landlord will typically deduct money for repairs from the deposit. 

Utilities

Tenants will almost certainly be responsible for their own monthly gas, water, electricity and internet bills. Generally, utilities in South Korea are affordable. Gas can be quite expensive – so it's important to monitor heating costs during winter. Bills are easy to pay via bank transfer at the bank, ATM or through a mobile app. It's even possible to pay some bills at convenience stores.

Electricity and gas

Korea Electricity Power Corporation (KEPCO) is the only electricity provider in South Korea, and most expats living in villas or apartments will already have a connection in place. The only thing new arrivals will need to set up their account is proof of identification. Expats can apply online, via email or at their local KEPCO office, and the process should be completed within 24 hours. Parents with three or more children living with them in South Korea are eligible for a 20 percent discount on their monthly electricity bill. 

South Korea has several domestic gas suppliers in different regions of the country. Seoul's major gas provider is Seoul City Gas Provider, Daegu is supplied by Daesung Energy, and Busan's main supplier is Busan City Gas. Expats must provide proof of identification and their residence card to register an account. 

Water

New arrivals who live in apartments or villas will typically not need to arrange a water connection. The monthly bill will usually be equally divided between all apartments or villas in a building or complex. Expats who need to arrange service connection or change their details can visit their local waterworks office. They will have to bring their bank account details or credit card and passports. 

In Seoul, water is supplied by the waterworks of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Bills are sent out monthly and are also available in English. Expats can pay via direct debit and receive a discount.

Internet

South Korea has one of the fastest internet speeds in the world and is one of the most technologically advanced societies. Expats will have plenty of options for landline, television, internet and mobile connection services. They will simply need to provide their residence card and passport to set up an account. 

Bins and recycling

South Korea’s waste management system (jongyangje) is highly organised and efficient. Food waste, recyclables, non-recyclables and large objects are all disposed of separately. There are high penalties for those who do not comply with the system.

Though there isn’t a monthly fee for rubbish removal, it's important to buy the correct rubbish bags from the local grocery store. These rubbish bags are colour coded according to the waste category and district. Collectors won’t accept incorrect bags.

Most apartments have a designated disposal area with communal bins. Smaller buildings may not have a designated area. In these cases, rubbish bags should be left outside the building between specific hours on designated days.

Useful links

• For gas and electricity, check out KEPCO, Seoul City Gas Provider, Daesung Energy and Busan City Gas.
• See Keeping in Touch in South Korea for more on internet service providers in the country.
• Accommodation in Seoul and Accommodation in Busan provide region-specific housing information.

Foreigners from visa-exempt countries can stay in South Korea for 30 to 180 days without a visa, depending on which country they are from. This list includes the US, South Africa, Australia, Canada, the UK and all EU countries. Since September 2021, all people travelling from visa-exempt countries will need to register for an ETA (Electronic Travel Authorisation) before going to South Korea.

Expats wanting to stay longer or work in South Korea will need a visa. South Korea issues a range of visas that are grouped alphabetically, depending on what the applicant intends to do in the country. Some of the more commonly issued visas for South Korea are listed here.

Visas for South Korea

Tourist (B-2) visa

Nationals of countries without visa-free entry and wanting to travel to South Korea will need to secure a B-2 visa. Generally, tourists on a B-2 visa must use the Incheon International Airport, Gimhae International Airport, Yangyang International Airport, Cheongju International Airport or the Muan International Airport to enter South Korea. Travellers will need a passport valid for at least six months beyond the date of arrival, two passport photos, a completed visa application form and the visa fee. The tourist visa is typically valid for up to 90 days, and holders are not allowed to engage in any type of work while in South Korea. 

Student (D-2) visa

Student (D-2) visas are for those wanting to study at a tertiary level in South Korea. Applicants will need a letter of acceptance from a recognised Korean institution, certified copies of degree and diploma certificates, proof of funds and some other supporting documentation. It's important to note that students on this visa may not work full-time.

Foreign Language Instructor (E-2) visa

This is for expats wanting to work in Korea as teachers of English or other languages at the primary school level and above. The regulations for this class of visa are strict. Applicants must submit various documents, including an original employment contract and letter from the school, official academic transcripts, personal reference letters and original degree certificates. Additionally, they must provide an apostilled criminal record clearance certificate, medical clearance and a completed visa application form. 

Applicants need to have a tertiary degree and be native residents of the country whose mother tongue is the same as the language they will teach to apply for this visa. 

Candidates applying for the first time will probably need to schedule an interview at their nearest South Korean embassy or consulate. The visa is valid for one year, although a South Korean work permit will also have to be applied for once they have arrived.

Instructors invited by the Ministry of Education have additional requirements, including an original employment contract from the superintendent of Educational Affairs in South Korea.

Specially Designated Activity (E-7) visas

Specially designated activity visas (E-7) are for candidates who are qualified in certain in-demand fields as designated by South Korea's Ministry of Justice. This includes top-level executives, various kinds of engineers and certain IT professionals. 

Administrative professionals who are employed by a diplomatic mission in Korea are also eligible to apply for an E-7 visa, which will be valid for a year. 

As is the case with special profession visas, applicants will need to provide proof of employment, certificates of degrees or other qualifications and professional reference letters. Those who will be working for a diplomatic mission will also need official documents from the foreign diplomatic mission in the country. 

Permanent Residence (F-5) visas

Permanent residence visas can be applied for by foreign investors who have invested a certain amount in the country and have hired at least five Korean workers. Foreigners with superior skills in fields such as science, business administration and education will also be considered. Expats who have lived in South Korea for longer than five years may also apply for permanent residence. 

The basic items that may be required include a passport that's valid for at least six months and a passport-sized colour photo with a date stamp which has been taken within the preceding six months. High investors will require a certified copy of their corporation register and proof of having hired and paid at least five Korean employees.

Applicants working in special fields will need proof of their qualifications and letters of reference.  

Working Holiday (H-1) visas

Residents of certain countries, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and Ireland, between the ages of 18 and 25 or 30, depending on the nationality, may apply for an H-1 visa. This visa is valid for one year. Applicants must show proof of onward travel and proof of funds. Those entering on this visa can engage in some employment and some educational pursuits, but the main idea is for this trip to mostly be a holiday.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Since the 1960s, the Korean Republic has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, largely thanks to a fierce focus on education. This legacy of hard work and achievement continues to shape education in South Korea, which regularly outperforms Western countries in science and mathematics.

Expat parents looking to educate their children in Korea should prepare themselves for a society that puts enormous emphasis on academic performance – an emphasis that also spills into the international schools in South Korea. 

South Korean parents treat education as a top priority, spending as much as three times more on education than their American counterparts. A typical school-going child in South Korea spends eight hours a day in school and up to six additional hours reviewing school work at private institutions called hagwons. 

There are several good international schools, especially American-curriculum schools, due to the presence of various United States Army bases and a sizeable expat community.

Children usually begin preschool at three or four years old, continue into grade one at six years old, and complete grade 12 – the final year of schooling – at 18 years old.

Public schools in South Korea

While the standards of education at public schools are excellent, most expats don't send their children to public schools as the language of instruction is Korean. 

The public education system is divided into three parts: six years of primary school, followed by three years of middle school and three years of high school. Attending primary and middle school is compulsory, and public schooling is provided for free.

High school attendance is not mandatory in South Korea, but the government introduced free high school education in 2019 as the country has almost universal high school enrolment. High schools in South Korea are placed in one of five categories: general, autonomous, vocational, schools for gifted students and special purpose schools that focus on either science, the arts or physical education.

Public schools in South Korea often focus almost solely on academics, and many don’t have excellent sports facilities. Rote learning is emphasised, and particular attention is given to science, maths, Korean and English.

Private schools in South Korea

Private schools in South Korea are not what many people imagine private schools to be. Korean children attend public schools for a regular school day, followed by further learning at private schools called hagwons.

Attending hagwons can be seen as a form of extra tutoring, as they function as further school assistance. Parents pay for their child's attendance at these schools, which can be rather expensive. 

International schools in South Korea

Due to the presence of Westerners in the US Army bases as well as the large English teaching community, there are several high-quality international schools in South Korea, particularly in Seoul. Many are American-curriculum schools or follow an international curriculum, such as the International Baccalaureate (IB). 

International schools are fairly pricey, but they provide the benefits of English-language instruction and allow for a continuous learning experience, as many expat children will continue following the curriculum from their home country. 

To learn more about specific international schools, see International Schools in Busan and International Schools in Seoul.

Homeschooling in South Korea

The academically driven nature of Korean schooling, coupled with the high cost of international schools, means that an increasing number of expat parents choose to homeschool their children. 

Homeschooling laws in South Korea are vague. Although the government has expressed a somewhat positive stance on homeschooling in the past, this has yet to be transcribed into law. In practice, parents can homeschool their children without much issue or interference. It's possible to complete courses through accredited online schools or distance learning colleges and graduate with an American high school diploma or British A-Levels. 

Special-needs education in South Korea

By law, children in South Korea cannot be refused admission or discriminated against by any school because of their special needs. The law also stipulates that there must be at least one school in every province that caters specifically to special learning needs, but many children with disabilities attend mainstream schools. Students who spend a lot of time in the hospital can study online while receiving medical treatment. Education is also free for children with physical and intellectual disabilities from the ages of five to 18 in South Korea. 

For a child to attend a school for special needs, they must first be registered as a child with a disability at their local district office. Parents can then apply to the school of their choice. There are a total of 187 special-needs schools in the country and more than 12,000 special-needs classrooms. Seoul is home to 29 special-needs schools, so expat parents will have a variety to choose from. 

Not all international schools in South Korea cater for children with special educational needs, and expat parents should check with the relevant school.

Tutors in South Korea

Education in South Korea is extremely competitive. Parents place a lot of pressure on their children to achieve high marks. Owing to this, hiring a tutor in South Korea is common practice. It would be more uncommon for a child not to have a tutor than to have one. 

Tutors can be useful for expat children transitioning into a new school environment. They can be hired for anything from general assistance with school subjects to help to maintain proficiency in a child's mother tongue or helping them learn Korean. Differences in education systems may result in expat children being behind in some areas of their new curriculum, and tutors are an excellent way to catch up.

The tutoring industry in South Korea is well established, so expats will have plenty of options. Expats should research different options thoroughly before deciding on a tutor. Tutoring can be done one-on-one, through online classes and videos, or by attending a hagwon (private after-school academy). Many schools will have a list of tutors or hagwons they can recommend.

Tertiary education in South Korea

The fiercely competitive Korean job market means that going to the right schools, networking and maintaining relationships is paramount. The university that a potential employee attended can make or break a job application, and competition for places in the best South Korean universities is exceptionally fierce.

There are a fair few state universities and many private institutions in the country, including several vocational polytechnics. University entry is usually based almost entirely on grade scores.

Expats applying to an English university will need to show proof that they have received an English education or qualification. Those applying to a Korean university will have to demonstrate an ability to speak Korean sufficiently (typically via an official transcript from a Korean language programme).

Driving in South Korea

Due to the extensive public transport system, it's possible to get around the country without owning or driving a car. Still, foreigners can drive in South Korea on an International Driver’s Permit, and, as an additional benefit, major road signs are in both Korean and English.

Driving can be a more convenient way of exploring the countryside but may be more trouble than it's worth in larger cities such as Seoul, even though traffic is not as chaotic as in many other Asian capitals.

Vehicles can be hired from any number of international car hire companies, which have offices at airports and in cities. Foreigners can also buy new or used cars as long as they have a Residence Card. Newly purchased cars need to be registered within 15 days. Buying a car is a popular option for expats with children or those living in the country long term.

Those possessing a Residence Card can also exchange their driving licence for a Korean one if their home country recognises South Korean licences. Their licence is returned to them when they leave the country.

Air travel in South Korea

Most travellers arrive in South Korea at Incheon International Airport, which is connected to Seoul by train. Busan International Airport is another popular airport for international travellers and is well connected to the city by subway, buses and taxis.

Although it's possible to travel from one end of the country to the other by road or rail in a few hours, there are domestic flights between cities on South Korea’s two main airlines, Korean Air and Asiana. There are also low-cost airlines Jeju Air and T'way Airlines.

It is also possible to catch a ferry to the island of Jeju in the south, but much easier to fly. There are commuter flights between Seoul and Busan, and travelling on these flights with low-cost airlines is often cheaper than travelling by express train.

South Korea is a small mountainous country dotted with valleys and narrow coastal plains. 51.6 million inhabitants populate its many large cities and smaller rural towns scattered throughout its diverse landscape. Expats moving to South Korea will discover a fiercely competitive modern country that is still steeped in ancient history and tradition.

Living in South Korea as an expat

Most foreigners find employment teaching English in Korean schools or working in electronics, finance, IT and production. As the home of industry giants such as Samsung and LG Electronics, South Korea has a tech-centric economy. Fittingly, the country consistently ranks as having one of the fastest internet infrastructures in the world. This is useful for doing business in South Korea and helps expats keep in touch with family and friends back home.

Many expats move to Seoul, the country's capital, its most densely populated city and the chief industrial centre. Like many Asian cities, it's dominated by high-rise buildings and apartment blocks. Between all the high-tech, modern buildings, however, is an interesting array of temples, palaces and museums, all conveniently connected by Seoul’s efficient subway system.

The extensive road, rail and ferry transport systems in South Korea connect its nine provinces. The KTX and SRT high-speed trains connect Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu and Busan – the most popular expat cities in South Korea – and enable passengers to hurtle from Seoul in the north to Busan in the south in about three hours. 

South Koreans enjoy entertainment, and the country's nightlife is fantastic, especially in the larger cities. There are several cultural festivals celebrated throughout the year, and the country has a bustling K-pop scene that frequently attracts international stars.

Cost of living in South Korea

The cost of living in South Korea is relatively high, particularly in the capital, Seoul. While the rest of the country tends to be more affordable, expats should still be prepared for certain high expenses, especially in major cities.

Accommodation is costly, with rental prices remaining high despite apartments often being compact. Imported food and goods are also expensive, adding to overall living costs. That said, salaries are competitive, and many employment contracts include benefits such as accommodation and schooling, helping to ease the financial burden. Transport, locally manufactured goods, and Korean food are generally more budget-friendly, making it possible to maintain a good quality of life while keeping certain expenses in check.

Families and children in South Korea

The standard of education in South Korea is excellent. Expats generally send their children to one of the country's many foreign-language or international schools, as the language of instruction at the local public schools is Korean. There is a culture of excellence at schools in South Korea, which places a large amount of pressure on children to do well. Luckily, a large tutoring industry in the country exists to assist children with their learning.  

Expat parents will be delighted to find that the healthcare system in South Korea is as advanced as its transport network. The country is at the forefront of medical research and constantly strives to push the boundaries of medical knowledge. There will also be plenty of things to entertain the little ones over the weekend. 

Climate in South Korea

South Koreans pride themselves on their country’s distinctive and beautiful four seasons. The country has a continental climate of freezing, dry winters and humid, hot summers, with short, mild spring and autumn months in between. 

Despite certain challenges, Korean culture is intriguing and rewards those who seek an understanding of its traditions. The country is incredibly safe with low crime rates, and expats moving to South Korea can expect a warm welcome from locals and other foreigners. 

Fast facts

Population: Over 51,6 million 

Capital city: Seoul (also the largest city)

Neighbouring countries: North Korea, Japan and China

Geography: The country shares a border with North Korea to the north. It's separated from China by the Yellow Sea to the east, and Japan by the Sea of Japan. 

Political system: Presidential constitutional republic

Major religions: Christianity, Buddhism, but largely secular

Main languages: Korean (Hangul). Although English is widely spoken in business circles in large cities, this is not the case throughout the country. 

Money: The South Korean Won (KRW) is divided into 100 jeon. The banking system in South Korea is modern and efficient, and ATMs can be found almost everywhere. 

Tipping: It isn't usual to tip in South Korea. Top restaurants and luxury hotels sometimes add a service charge of 10 percent to the bill.

Time: GMT +9

Electricity: 220V, 60Hz. 'Type C' and 'Type F' rounded, two-pin plugs are used. Adapters are widely available at the airport and city convenience stores.

Internet domain: .kr

International dialling code: +82

Emergency contacts: 112 (police), 1345 (foreigner information service), 119 (fire and ambulance)

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road. South Korea has a reliable and efficient transport system, with buses and taxis in all cities and metro stations in the main cities. 

Most expatriates find South Korea to be a very safe country. The main threats to personal safety that expats will come across are either related to the weather or petty crimes such as pickpocketing in crowded marketplaces.

Generally, the risk of terrorism in South Korea is considered low, although tensions between North and South Korea mean that foreign residents should follow the news media to keep up to date with the political situation.

Local laws for some crimes may be harsher than Western expats may be used to. For instance, any car accident involving a motorcyclist or pedestrian that is injured could see the driver prosecuted, even if it wasn't entirely the driver's fault.

Expats should take care, especially when driving around South Korea's cities, as motorcycles, scooters and pedestrians can behave erratically.

As it's likely that expats will need to undergo a medical check on arrival if they plan to work in South Korea, it is important to keep in mind that drug use or possession isn't tolerated. As such, the results of a drug test could result in detainment or deportation.

Crime in South Korea

Although there are incidents of bag-snatching, pickpocketing and petty theft in larger cities such as Seoul and Busan, the crime rate in South Korea is low. As with any major city, there are some areas that are considered unsafe at certain times.

Expats should follow normal safety precautions such as locking doors, being aware of personal belongings in crowded areas and tourist hotspots, avoiding walking alone at night through isolated areas, and only using reputable taxi companies.

Women in South Korea

In general, South Korea is extremely safe for female expats. It is even possible to walk around late at night without feeling scared. That said, inappropriate touching and comments are a reality.

It's not uncommon for Korean men to follow expat women around, especially when they've been drinking. There have also been cases of men exposing themselves to women on subways or buses or touching women inappropriately. In most cases, these men will back off when ignored or if they're firmly told to stop. The South Korean police are also helpful with these situations and are usually more than happy to escort women home if they're feeling uncomfortable.

Natural disasters in South Korea

June to July is the monsoon season in South Korea. Although monsoons in Korea aren't as bad as they are in some other Asian countries, schools and businesses sometimes close due to the severity of approaching storms, but this is generally restricted to the southern parts of the country.

Expats visiting the country during the monsoon season should monitor weather reports from news media and stay indoors if advised to do so. Although South Korea isn't known for earthquakes, the southern part of the country has had a few minor ones in the past few years.

Political tensions between South Korea and North Korea

There is a long-standing political stand-off between the two halves of the Korean Peninsula. Although tensions are occasionally inflamed, in reality, there's little chance of the situation escalating to the point that it affects expatriates. Expats should keep abreast of the political situation by following the news, just to be on the safe side.

Expats who intend to live, study or work in South Korea are also advised to register with their country's closest embassy.

Emergency telephone numbers in South Korea

Emergency response is swift, and call centres usually have someone on staff who can speak some English.

• Police: 112
• Foreigner emergency information service: 1345
• Ambulance and fire: 119

South Koreans pride themselves on their country's distinctive and beautiful four seasons. The country has a continental climate of freezing, dry winters and humid, hot summers, with short, mild spring and autumn months in between.

Summers tend to be rainy at first, with high humidity levels towards the middle of the season. Summer typically arrives suddenly in late June and ends in September. This season is marked by warm, moist winds from the Pacific. The monsoon season also begins in June and runs until July. While South Korea doesn't experience extreme monsoons like those in Southeast Asia, southern South Korea does experience a lot of rain during this time.

From late September through to November, autumn is spectacularly beautiful in the mountainous areas as leaves turn to vivid shades of red, orange and gold. The season lasts longer in southern cities, such as Busan, than it does in the north.

Starting in December, winters tend to be quite harsh, particularly as one moves further north. Temperatures drop below freezing, with icy winds blowing across the country from Siberia. The north, especially in Seoul and in the mountains, experiences snowfall, while the milder south coast rarely does. 

Spring occurs in late March and early April and is considered the most pleasant time to visit the country. As in neighbouring Japan, South Korea hosts cherry blossom festivals each spring. These blooms attract visitors from across the country.

Life in South Korea provides plenty of unique opportunities, sometimes at a cost. Expats who are flexible and open-minded should easily adjust to the change of scenery.

Below are a few pros and cons of moving to South Korea. 

Accommodation in South Korea

+ PRO: Accommodation is often pre-arranged

It is often the case that expats moving to South Korea with a job contract already in place will have an apartment provided and paid for. Expats will then only need to worry about their utility bills. 

+ PRO: Futuristic locks

Many apartments and homes have done away with traditional locks and keys and use electronic locks that require either a magnetic door key or a keypad combo instead.

- CON: Cramped, boring and expensive

If renting in Seoul, expats should expect apartments to be tiny by Western standards. The further away from the city an expat moves, the more spacious accommodation becomes. In addition, apartments are almost exclusively built in blocks with little to no architectural variation. Despite this, rental prices, especially in Seoul, will be high for a small space, and deposits are typically much steeper than in other countries.

Safety in South Korea

+ PRO: Little to no crime

There are low crime rates throughout South Korea. While expats still need to use common sense, crime won't be a serious concern.

- CON: Technically still at war 

While North Korea and South Korea haven't engaged in open hostilities since the ceasefire of the Korean War, they are still technically at war with each other. It’s advisable to keep up with news regarding the two neighbours and know where the nearest embassy is, should anything occur.

Cuisine in South Korea

+ PRO: Abundance of traditional fare

Even in the tiniest towns, there will always be one or more traditional Korean restaurants to satisfy an expat’s appetite for authentic dishes. The fierce competition also means a quality Korean meal is always affordable.

- CON: Lack of Western comfort foods

Unless an expat is living in an urban area, it’s difficult to find food that isn’t Korean or Asian-inspired. More exotic, foreign cuisine options are hard to come by outside the city and are often disappointing in quality.

Culture shock in South Korea

+ PRO: Tight-knit expat communities

Making friends with other foreigners helps lessen any initial culture shock expats may feel. In Seoul especially, there are many expat meet-ups and parties with the aim of bringing foreigners together. In smaller cities, groups meet up regularly and are generally very welcoming of newcomers.

- CON: Staring

Expats should anticipate being stared at while in public. Older Koreans, especially, will not be shy about watching foreigners. This is often out of genuine curiosity, however, and not any ill will.

- CON: Shy locals

South Koreans are often unable to speak much English or are too shy to attempt it for fear of making mistakes. While there are exceptions, it’s common for locals to completely shy away from answering a question for lack of English skills.

Work culture in South Korea

+ PRO: Friendly work environment

Koreans value their interpersonal relationships with co-workers and will prioritise getting to know each other. The standard corporate atmosphere can be highly social, with employees often going drinking and dining after work, followed by a trip to a karaoke bar. 

- CON: Unpredictable scheduling

Koreans will often make last-minute adjustments to meetings and schedules, and expats will need a certain degree of flexibility to accommodate this. Expect unplanned meetings, projects and cancellations, as well as obligatory social gatherings after work, which are only announced shortly before the day's end.

- CON: High-pressure work environment

There is a lot of pressure put on employees working in South Korea to perform. This often leads to employees working longer hours than they may be contracted for. Taking sick leave is also frowned upon, as it shows a lack of commitment to one's job. It isn't uncommon to see people coming in for work or children going to school while sick.

Cost of living in South Korea

+ PRO Cheap basic amenities

The cost of living in South Korea varies depending on the city one lives in. That said, groceries, utilities, public transport and even alcohol are all reasonably priced compared to the prices in most Western countries. Most expats find living in South Korea an efficient way to save money.

- CON: Expensive non-essentials

There's an expectation in South Korea to follow the newest trends, dress well and have the latest gadgets. But, these items tend to be pricey.

Education and schools in South Korea

+ PRO: Excellent education

Public Korean primary and secondary schools are generally quite good and focus on science and mathematics, as well as English and Korean. Many schools also employ native English speakers to teach the language, even in rural areas. Hagwons, private after-school institutions, are extremely popular and rigorous as well.

- CON: Stressful atmosphere

South Korea has a notably high suicide rate, partially due to the stressful atmosphere surrounding education. Students account for many of these suicides as they are constantly pressured to perform better and study longer to get into a reputable university.

Healthcare in South Korea

+ PRO: Cheap public healthcare

If an expat is employed, they will be covered by the public health care system, which costs little and offers excellent medical care. In urban areas, many doctors will also speak English, although bringing a friend to translate is still advisable.

- CON: Travel/wait time

If an expat does not live in an urban area, they may need to make a long trip to see a doctor at one of the official university hospitals. Because these hospitals are also centrally located, waiting times for treatment can be inconvenient but not outrageous.

South Korean cuisine is very different from quintessential Asian food and may initially challenge expats’ palates. Perseverance is crucial and there are many regional delicacies worth sampling.

Western food is readily available in the major cities like Seoul and Busan, with a multitude of restaurants to choose from. However, if it's Korean food you're after, you'll be spoiled for choice even in the smaller towns.

Barbecue-style restaurants, serving beef or pork that you cook at your table, can be found on almost every street corner. There are also faster kimbap (rolled rice in seaweed, much like sushi) take-aways every few hundred metres or so and it's easy to find places serving piping hot soups (jigae) and rice dishes such as bibimbap.
 

Where to eat in South Korea

Some of the better restaurant areas in Seoul are Gang-nam district, Itaewon and Nopsakyeong. While in Busan, eating options with sea views can be found in Haundae and Gwangan. The area around Pusan National University has a fair amount of both Western and Korean delights and is perfectly situated for those who enjoy a drink or two after dinner. The blocks around Seomyeon subway station have a number of restaurants, bars and entertainment venues as well as numerous shopping opportunities.

South Korean embassies

• South Korean Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 939 5600

• South Korean Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7227 5500

• South Korean Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 244 5010

• South Korean Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6270 4100

• South Korean Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 460 2508

• South Korean Embassy, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 660 9111

• South Korean Embassy, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 4 473 9073

Foreign embassies in South Korea

• United States Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 397 4114

• British Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 3210 5500

• Canadian Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 3783 6000

• Australian Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 2003 0100

• South African Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 2077 5900 

• Irish Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 721 7200

• New Zealand Embassy, Seoul: +82 2 3701 7700

Expats moving to South Korea may not be sure of what to expect of day-to-day life and societal norms here. Read on to learn about diversity and inclusion in South Korea.

Accessibility in South Korea

South Korea is not especially easy to get around, especially outside the capital. Since 1998, buildings with more than 300 square metres of floor space are required to have accessibility ramps. Still, there are no requirements for smaller businesses to be wheelchair-accessible, and though sidewalks in urban areas are generally wide and flat, this is not true in the more rural parts of the country. Many restaurants and smaller businesses don't have ramps, so wheelchair users should check before visiting one.

Public transport in Seoul has significantly improved and is mostly wheelchair-accessible, although some challenges remain. The Seoul Metro is accessible, and 90 percent of stations have elevators, with stairway lifts available in the remaining stations. Subway cars are nearly flush with the platforms, so gap ramps are typically unnecessary. Some 56 percent of Seoul city buses are lowered – double the national average. Taxis specifically for people with disabilities are also available in Seoul, though these are in high demand and should be booked well in advance.

Further reading

www.seouldanurim.net
www.visitseoul.net

LGBTQ+ in South Korea

LGBTQ+ rights are limited in South Korea – while homosexuality isn't illegal, same-sex marriage doesn't exist, and gay couples cannot adopt. There is generally less public support for LGTBQ+ rights than in other Asian countries. Nevertheless, the last decade has seen some growth in LGBTQ+ support in South Korea, especially among younger generations.

Some cities are more LGBTQ+ friendly than others. In Seoul, for instance, people speak of a gay scene "hiding in plain sight". 'Homo Hill' in Itaewon is a hotspot for the international crowd, while LGBTQ+ locals favour Jongno.

Although Seoul's gay pride parade was once banned, the event now occurs yearly. Anti-LGBTQ protestors are unfortunately a frequent feature at the event, but turnout is still good, with around 120,000 attendees a year.

Useful resources

www.rainbowfoundation.co.kr
www.queerarchive.org
www.ddingdong.kr

Gender equality in South Korea

More women than average have tertiary qualifications in South Korea. Despite this, the country has the highest gender pay gap among OECD states. Nevertheless, Korea is making significant advancements in addressing gender disparities, with the increased enrolment of young women in higher education and the growth of women's participation in the labour force.

South Korea raised its minimum wage by 5 percent in 2022 in an attempt to narrow the gender wage gap. Additionally, the introduction of landmark parental subsidies for both women and men is expected to encourage more fathers to take more extended paternity leave. This would allow professional women to return to work sooner and mitigate the risk of further increasing the gender pay gap while on maternity leave.

Alongside the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, several organisations are working together to advocate for women's protection and elevation across society and in the workplace (see below).

Useful resources

www.women21.or.kr
www.womenfund.or.kr

Women in leadership in South Korea

Though South Korea is an established democracy that elected its first female president in 2013, Korean society holds some traditional views about the role of women in the home and workplace.

Only 6.3 percent of board members in South Korea's biggest companies were women in 2022, but this number will likely rise with the implementation of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, which effectively outlaws all-male boards for large corporations.

Mental health awareness in South Korea

Rates of mental illness, particularly depression, are high in South Korea, especially considering its status as a developed country. More than one-third of Koreans experience mental illness at least once in their life.

The high rates of mental illness, as well as the severity of symptoms, can be partially attributed to the avoidance of mental health treatment. When left untreated, symptoms of mental illness tend to worsen over time. Only 7 to 10 percent of sufferers seek help for their symptoms.

Universal health insurance provided by the government covers mental health treatments, including therapy and medication. If expats wish to use local health insurance, they may require a referral from a doctor before insurance will fund specialist treatment. Expats with international insurance will most likely be able to skip this step and go directly to a psychiatrist, although it's important to check individual policy details to ensure coverage.

Most psychiatrists in South Korea study in English, so expats can expect a good level of communication. Seoul has several private specialised counselling services aimed at expats that are run by professionals from abroad. Some expats find this easier than seeing a local psychiatrist.

Useful resources

www.seoulcounseling.com
www.ncmh.go.kr

Unconscious bias education in South Korea

The concept of unconscious bias is an implicit set of often stereotyped ideas an individual carries about groups of people different to themselves. These ideas are not purposefully adopted but rather develop subtly over time, and people tend to hold unconscious biases about groups they never or rarely come into contact with. As a result, they're often inaccurate and based on assumptions.

Unconscious bias can profoundly affect both personal and work conditions. In the workplace, unchecked bias undermines vital aspects of the company, negatively impacting employee performance, retention and recruitment. In a bid to create a better work environment, many companies are beginning to institute unconscious bias training. There are also a fair few online resources that can be used to improve self-awareness regarding bias.

Useful resources

implicit.harvard.edu
www.nonprofitready.org/unconscious-bias-training

Diversification of the workforce in South Korea

South Korea is home to a little over 2 million foreigners, most of whom come from the US, Russia and Japan. People moving to South Korea are largely drawn by its generous salaries and reasonable cost of living.

Expats can expect to encounter a reasonably diverse work environment in the large multinational companies based in Seoul. The offices of international firms buzz with a blend of languages, with staff being sourced from all over the world.

Studies show that workplace diversification is hugely beneficial to companies and employees alike. In recognition of this, many of South Korea's largest companies are setting up diversity and inclusion programmes, ensuring that a wide variety of people is represented among employees.

Safety in South Korea

Although there are incidents of bag-snatching, pickpocketing and petty theft in larger cities such as Seoul and Busan, the crime rate in South Korea is low. As with any major city, some areas are considered unsafe at certain times, even though, for the most part, cities such as Seoul are safer than large American cities.
Expats should follow normal safety precautions such as locking doors, being aware of personal belongings in crowded areas and tourist hotspots, avoiding walking alone at night through isolated areas, and only using reputable taxi companies.

Calendar initiatives in South Korea

4 February – World Cancer Day
March – TB Awareness Month
19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
8 October –World Mental Health Day
14 November – World Diabetes Day
1 December – World AIDS Day

Expats moving to South Korea usually have many questions, often about what to expect from expat life. Here are the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about living in South Korea.

Is it necessary to learn Korean? 

Fortunately for many expats, English is widely spoken in business and commerce. It's also possible to get by in South Korea without knowing Korean. Despite this, South Koreans are proud of their language and history, and while it isn't vital to learn Korean, it's useful in both navigating the country and understanding Korean culture. The Korean alphabet is easy to master and is especially helpful when reading signs and bus stops.

Is South Korea safe, and what is the situation with North Korea?

South Korea is incredibly safe, and crime statistics are low. Pickpocketing does occur in larger cities, but it's rare. Walking about and catching public transport late at night is considered safe, but this does not mean that one should forgo safety precautions.

The situation with North Korea is tense but unlikely to escalate. South Korea is committed to peace with its northern neighbour. Many older South Koreans have relatives in the North and speak confidently about reunification. Although there are occasional acts of aggression by North Korea toward the South Korean military, North Korea doesn’t pose a threat to expats and their daily lives.

Which is the best city to live in?

While Seoul is the most obvious choice for expats, South Korea has four main expat hubs: Seoul, Busan, Daejeon and Daegu. With just a three-hour train ride separating Seoul in the north and Busan in the south, it's easy for expats to explore all of these cities, regardless of which they choose to call home. Expats live all over the country, and getting around is fairly easy.

Seoul is the capital and contains the largest expat community. It also has a fair few international schools and a significant number of shops, restaurants and businesses catering to Westerners.

Daegu also has a considerable number of international schools and a large expat community. It's the centre of the manufacturing industry (textiles, machinery and metals) in South Korea. Both Daegu and Seoul host US military bases, and so they have large American expat communities. Although military bases make it easier to find Western goods and Western-orientated shops and restaurants, South Korean sentiment toward these bases isn't always positive.

Daejeon is just over an hour from Seoul and is something of a science hub. Daejeon focuses on technological innovation and has one of the fastest-developing business communities in South Korea.

Located in the south, Busan is a coastal city that is considered the most relaxed South Korean city. That said, Busan is also one of the busiest seaports in the world and is host to several international and local festivals. There are a few schools and shopping districts catering to the expat community living in Busan.

What is ‘saving face’?

Reputation and the way others perceive a person are of utmost importance to South Koreans. In a work environment, this means that proper respect and social harmony must be shown at all times. South Koreans will often give subtle hints or clues about the true nature of a situation without approaching the matter head-on.

A higher value is typically placed on showing politeness than on other values like honesty. When dealing with Koreans, it's essential to take note of subtle hints and clues, and it's equally important to remain polite in all business dealings. Striving to maintain a constant state of peace and equilibrium is highly respected in South Korean culture.

What are the different visa options for South Korea?

Korea has several visas that one can get if wanting to visit, work or live permanently in the country. The visitor visa is a 90-day tourist visa (B-2) for people from non-visa-exempt countries. The student visa (D-2) allows foreigners to study in South Korea, while a foreign language instructor (E-2) visa allows expats to teach English in the country. 

Working holiday visas (H-1) allow one to work and travel in the country, but the requirements for this visa are for the work to be secondary to the holiday making. Special profession visas (E-5) and specially designated activity visas (E-7) are for people with certain skills or people who work in an in-demand field in South Korea. Permanent residence visas (F-5) can only be obtained after five years of living in the country or from investing in the country. Expats wanting to work in the country will need a work permit, which is easier to obtain if they already have a job lined up.

The banking system in South Korea is as advanced as in most Western countries and also relatively simple and user-friendly.

That said, language barriers may make it harder for expats to set up their accounts or get their internet banking up and running. There are some banks, such as KEB Hanna, that are more expat-friendly than others, but it's best to ask a friend or employer to assist with setting up one's banking needs in South Korea.

Currency in South Korea

The official currency of South Korea is the won, which is abbreviated to KRW or ₩. Foreign currency can be exchanged at banks, airports, and some hotels or tourist spots, and most major international currencies are accepted. Expats will have a more difficult time exchanging won for other currencies outside of South Korea.

• Notes: 1,000 KRW, 5,000 KRW, 10, 000 KRW and 50,000 KRW

• Coins: 10 KRW, 50 KRW, 100 KRW and 500 KRW

Banking in South Korea

Some popular banks in South Korea include KEB Hanna, Woori Bank, Kookmin Bank (KB) and Shinhan Bank. International banks such as Citibank, HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank and Bank of America also operate in the country.

Banking hours in South Korea are generally from 9am to 4pm during the week. A few bank branches will also open on weekends. 

Opening a bank account

To open a bank account in South Korea, expats will need a copy of their working visa, Residence Card, passport, and in some cases, certificate of employment. Although the Residence Card has the cardholder's address printed on it, it's also helpful for applicants to bring in a copy of their address written in both Korean and English for the bank to capture it properly.

Once the necessary forms have been filled in, the bank will issue the applicant a bank card. It's important to note that this is an ATM card, not a debit card. Should an expat require debit card facilities, or a card that works overseas, they will need to ask the bank for one specifically.

Internet banking also isn't necessarily included. New arrivals should also ensure their bank creates a digital certificate for them, which allows them to complete online transfers. Expats should have banking staff set up all of their banking needs when their account is first created.  

Credit cards and ATMs

Expats who will be living in South Korea for 183 days or more in a tax year will be considered tax residents. South Korean income tax is calculated based on a progressive scale and ranges from six to 45 percent. Those in the top income bracket, earning an excess of one billion KRW, will be taxed 45 percent of their salary. In addition to income tax, individuals are also charged a residents' tax, which amounts to around 10 percent of the income tax amount. Therefore, this means that high-earning individuals will be taxed 49.5 percent of their income in total. 

Some expats receive a partial or complete exemption from paying tax for a specified number of years of their stay in South Korea. These include English teachers working in state schools and qualified foreign engineers. As of 2023, expats working in South Korea can apply for a flat tax rate for up to 20 years, which has been increased from an initial five years. 

Foreigners are also expected to pay a percentage of their salary into the National Pension Scheme. By law, employers must match this contribution. Some expats, depending on their nationality, can claim some of their taxes back at the end of each tax year, and they can claim all of their pension payments back at the end of their stay in South Korea.

Some expats can also opt to pay taxes either in their home country or in South Korea. This depends on their resident status and whether their country has a double taxation avoidance agreement with the South Korean government. 

For the most up-to-date information about the issue, it is best to refer to a tax professional. 

Healthcare in South Korea is modern and efficient. Both Western and Eastern medical practitioners and medicines are available and covered under the government’s National Health Insurance (NHI).

Apart from the NHI, there are several private health insurance options, but most are pricey and not as widely recognised as the national scheme. 

Expats need to note that they aren't covered by either the National Health Insurance plan or private health insurance until they have received their Residence Card from their local Korea Immigration Service office. This can take up to six weeks or more, so expats are advised to apply as soon as they arrive in the country. 

Health insurance in South Korea

South Korea's National Health Insurance programme is a compulsory social insurance system that covers the whole population. Foreigners are required to register for the national scheme if they have lived in the country for six months. 

Employers are responsible for enrolling their employees in the NHI system, and they pay a small percentage of an employee's salary towards the NHI on their behalf. Self-employed expats will need to apply at their nearest hospital with their passport and their residence card, and the amount paid by the expat is based on their income.

Doctors and specialists will claim most of the costs of a consultation from the NHI, and expats will have to pay only a portion of the cost. Prescription medication and traditional medicine (including acupuncture) are also covered and will incur a small cost as well.

The upside is that expenses for a routine visit to a doctor or dentist will be quite low for both the consultation and the medication. On the other hand, some doctors may try to see as many patients as possible, so consultations aren't as thorough as they could be. Doctors may also overprescribe medication in an attempt to get more benefits from pharmaceutical companies.

Public healthcare in South Korea

Doctors, dentists, dermatologists and other specialists in South Korea are all affordable and readily available, as are general healthcare products and pharmaceutical drugs. Most hospitals and doctors have some English-speaking staff members, but it's sometimes advisable to bring along a Korean-speaking friend, particularly in smaller towns and cities.

Medical facilities are of a high standard in South Korea, especially in Seoul. City hospitals will almost always have an English-speaking doctor on staff, although support and technical staff are less likely to speak English.

Hospitals are often well equipped and modern, but expats can expect long waiting times, even for emergency treatment. Expats can also visit one of several 'international clinics' affiliated with certain hospitals. These are staffed by doctors who have studied abroad and generally speak English, but they are more costly.

Before being treated in a hospital, patients need to pay a deposit against the costs that might be incurred during their stay. Some hospitals accept only certain credit cards, so it may be necessary to bring cash.

Private healthcare in South Korea

While the NHI covers most day-to-day and emergency medical procedures, prescription medication and specialist visits, some procedures and medications, particularly those associated with chronic illnesses, such as cancer, aren't covered and can become costly. Private insurance companies exist for this reason. Many Koreans and expats who can afford it sign up for a chronic illness plan to guard against costs the NHI may not cover.

Medicine and pharmacies in South Korea

Pharmacies are plentiful, and both Western and Eastern medicines are available in abundance. They are usually located near hospitals, as hospitals in Korea are not permitted to dispense prescription medication. Although 24-hour pharmacies are rare, many pharmacies are open from 7am to 11pm daily.

Expats who have enrolled in South Korea’s NHI programme will be able to get prescription medication at a heavily subsidised rate.

Health hazards in South Korea

As in many cities in industrialised Asia, South Koreans are increasingly facing health problems due to city pollution. In spring, the 'Yellow Dust' – a combination of industrial pollutants and dust from mainland China – might necessitate wearing a mask outdoors, particularly for people with respiratory issues such as asthma.

Vaccinations for South Korea

Expats moving to South Korea will need to ensure that they have their routine vaccinations, including the flu, chickenpox and tetanus immunisations, up to date. Babies between six and 11 months old should get a dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travelling to South Korea. Some other vaccines to consider include: 

• Typhoid: this vaccine is recommended for new arrivals moving to smaller cities or rural areas in South Korea. 
• Japanese Encephalitis: Although largely eradicated in South Korea, Japanese Encephalitis is still a risk in the country, particularly in areas where cases have been found in the past. 
• Hepatitis A and B: Expats and babies between six and 11 months old who are unvaccinated against Hepatitis A and B should ensure they receive the vaccines before moving to South Korea. 

Expats should contact their healthcare provider for individual care and vaccine recommendations before making the big move. 

Emergency services in South Korea

Expats can phone the Immigration Contact Center for emergency or routine medical advice. They also offer translation help if an expat is at a clinic or doctor’s office where nobody speaks English. The centre can also connect anyone directly with emergency services if appropriate. Staff members are bilingual, and there will almost always be someone on staff who speaks English.

• Immigration Contact Center: 1345

• Police: 112

• Ambulance and Fire Department: 119

One of the four Asian Tigers along with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the Republic of Korea is unique in that it's globally recognised as both an advanced and emerging market. The fourth-largest economy in Asia, South Korea is home to a multitude of companies of international stature.

Although South Korea is known for being one of the world's largest exporters of cars, smartphones and ships, most expats working in South Korea do so as English teachers. Newly arrived English teachers will likely work in one of the country's public schools or private institutions, known as hagwons.

Most expat job opportunities can be found in major cities and industrial zones such as Seoul, Busan and Incheon. While speaking Korean isn't required for teaching English, expats interested in higher-level corporate jobs will have an advantage if they can speak the local language or other Asian languages, particularly Mandarin or Japanese.

Most companies in South Korea offer good relocation packages to their employees. Benefits often include a furnished apartment or a generous housing allowance, flights home each year and a thirteenth cheque. Expats hired from overseas can generally expect airfare reimbursements, but those hired from within the country may not get this benefit.

Job market in South Korea

With massive local brands such as Hyundai, Kia, LG and Samsung, it's easy to understand why such a small country has such a large economy. Aside from teaching English, many expats also work for the US Armed Forces, with a growing number of foreigners in high-level management, information and communications technology, and engineering.

Some of the largest employers in South Korea are in fields such as electronics, biotechnology, microchip production, shipbuilding, chemical production, steelmaking and automobile manufacturing. It also has a respectable financial services industry, with the Shinhan Financial Group especially prominent among these.

Working in rural South Korea

With stiff competition in the larger cities, the Korean countryside attracts many an expat looking for employment, especially in the teaching industry. This usually proves to be a wildly different experience from, for instance, working in Seoul.

While the countryside is often more beautiful and less congested, amenities aren't as widely available, and the language barrier tends to be more pronounced for non-Korean speakers.  

Finding a job in South Korea

Most expats find a job before relocating. Finding employment through the many job portals available online is the most common way of doing this. 

The high number of expats wanting to teach in Korea has resulted in many recruitment companies that organise placements on behalf of schools. This means that expats may not be aware of exactly who they will be employed by, which may be an issue as some schools are more reputable than others.

Otherwise, expats can search through job listings in English-language newspapers such as the Korea Herald and The Korea Times. 

Expats should also be warned that work permit regulations can and frequently do change, meaning that information sources should be carefully considered and compared to the latest official information. Finding a job from inside South Korea often becomes complicated, so expats should note that visa runs, despite happening often, remain illegal in South Korea. 

Useful links

• PeopleNJob is among the best job portals for foreigners looking to work in South Korea. 
• The job listing and networking site LinkedIn is one of the best places to start the job hunt. 

Work culture in South Korea

Traditional social practices and etiquette still have an important role in South Korean business. Personal relationships, hierarchy and saving face are all major factors in the Korean work environment. If expatriate businesspeople want to be accepted by their colleagues, they need to display an awareness of these and a willingness to engage in the social codes at the foundation of business culture in South Korea.

While South Korea's place in the global business circuit has changed the way business is conducted in the country, there is still an elaborate hierarchy system based on position, age, prestige and, to an extent, gender that imbues business culture.

Koreans need to be able to trust the people they are doing business with, and social relationships are directly linked to business success. For this reason, prospective business partners spend a lot of time getting to know each other. Dinner invitations, after-dinner drinks and karaoke will also likely feature at some point and should not be turned down. 

Visas and work permits for South Korea are often filed by the sponsoring employer. Once an expat's work permit has been approved, the Ministry of Justice will issue a Certificate of Confirmation of Visa Issuance (CCVI). This certificate must then be submitted with the relevant visa application forms to the South Korean embassy or consulate in the applicant's country of residence.

Work permits for South Korea

Work visas are usually valid for one year and should take two to four weeks to process. It isn't possible to change from a tourist visa to a work visa within South Korea – this must be done from an embassy or consulate in the expat's country.

Relevant forms can be found at the South Korean Ministry of Justice's Immigration Service website.

When the applicant applies for a visa, it's important to tell their employer and the staff at the South Korean embassy whether they would like a multiple- or single-entry visa.

A single-entry visa means that if an expat needs to leave South Korea for a holiday or on business, they will need to get a re-entry stamp from the immigration office at the airport, at a cost. It's also possible to change a visa from a single-entry to a multiple-entry visa after registering for a Residence Card.

Useful links

• South Korean Ministry of Justice Immigration Service website

Residency card in South Korea

A Residence Card, formerly known as an Alien Registration Card, is required to open a bank account, sign a lease, get a cell phone contract and apply for a driving licence in South Korea. A Residency Card can be obtained from an expat's closest immigration office.

Applicants will need their employer’s business registration number, passport photos, proof of residence, their passport and an application form as well as the related fees. Further fees are required if an applicant wants to change from a single-entry visa to a multiple-entry visa. It is also advisable for expats to bring their criminal clearance certificate and academic credentials to the immigration offices, and requirements differ between different kinds of visas.

Once the application form has been completed and handed to the immigration official, the applicant's fingerprints will be taken. They will then be handed a receipt with the date their passport and Residence Card will be ready for collection. Expats will need to book an appointment online to access the immigration office. 

Changing employers in South Korea

Changing employers is a complicated procedure, as work visas in South Korea are sponsored by the employer. This means that to change employers, a foreign employee must have their visa changed.

This can be done without leaving South Korea if the applicant has all the relevant documents needed for a visa and if their current employer signs a letter of release. The letter is then submitted to the Korean immigration office with the applicant's passport and Residence Card.

*Work permit requirements are subject to change at short notice, and expats are advised to contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.