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| 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| New Year's Day | 1 January | 1 January |
| Eid al-Fitr | 20–23 April | 8–12 April |
| Arafat Day | 27 June | 15 June |
| Eid al-Adha | 28–30 June | 16–18 June |
| Hijri New Year | 19 July | 7 July |
| Prophet Mohammed's Birthday | 29 September | 15 September |
| Commemoration Day | 1 December | 1 December |
| UAE National Day | 2–3 December | 2–3 December |
*Note that Islamic holidays are subject to the sighting of the moon and some dates may change accordingly.
Expats will find banking in the UAE to be simple, sophisticated and reasonably familiar. The dirham's stability and ease of exchange make it a reliable currency for both locals and expats. That said, as is the case with any foreign destination, there are a few quirks to consider and practices to avoid debt and maximise the tax-free advantage that comes with living in the country.
In addition to a robust banking system, the UAE offers a unique financial environment that expats can benefit from. Understanding the nuances of the local banking and financial systems is key to making the most of one's stay in the UAE.
One notable aspect is the ease of accessing various banking services, which can significantly streamline financial management for expats. The wide range of banking options, from international to local institutions, ensures that there's a choice to suit everyone's needs.
The dirham is the local currency in the United Arab Emirates and is abbreviated as AED. It is sometimes also written as DH or Dhs. One dirham is divided into 100 fils.
The dirham is available in the following denominations:
The UAE’s banking system is highly regarded globally, offering a multitude of choices and efficient services. Expats typically select a bank based on factors like digital and mobile banking availability, ATM proximity, and overall convenience of services.
Foreigners often opt for a familiar brand from their home country, particularly if they already hold an account with that institution. However, considering local banks is worthwhile as they are well-versed in serving the substantial expat community and largely eliminate language barriers, primarily operating in Arabic and English.
Operating hours for banks in the UAE are typically from Sunday to Thursday, 8am to 3pm. Some branches, especially those in large malls, may offer extended hours. Internet banking is prevalent and advanced, embracing innovations like blockchain and artificial intelligence to enhance customer experience.
The integration of cutting-edge technology in banking services is a testament to the UAE's commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction. This progressiveness not only benefits residents but also places the country's banking sector at the forefront internationally.
For expats, opening a bank account in the UAE is straightforward once they have their residence visa. Necessary documents include a passport, proof of address, and a no-objection letter from their employer.
The range of services varies between banks but typically includes current accounts, debit and credit cards, savings accounts, and car loans. Many banks offer preferential services based on the customer's salary level.
Cheques play a significant role in the UAE's financial landscape, especially in business and real estate transactions. Post-dated cheques are commonly used for significant commitments like car purchases and annual rent payments, providing a security measure for the recipient.
The availability of ATMs across the UAE ensures convenient access to cash. While some banks might impose charges for using ATMs from other banks, many have collaborated to offer free or low-cost withdrawals across a broad network.
Banks provide cheque and cash deposit machines, accessible 24/7, complementing the widespread and efficient internet banking services.
A significant benefit for expats in the UAE is the absence of income tax and GST on their earnings. Since 2018, a standard VAT of five percent has been applied, with certain goods and services taxed at a zero rate, including exports and specific industries like oil and gas. Restaurants serving alcohol may add a minimal tax to drinks and meals.
Tax liabilities for expats in their home countries vary based on individual countries' tax laws and any applicable tax treaties. Expats should seek professional advice for tax filing in their home countries, considering factors like duration spent abroad and non-resident tax status.
For US expats, compliance with US tax regulations is mandatory, including filing expat tax returns annually and reporting assets in foreign bank accounts. Notably, there is no tax treaty between the US and the UAE.
The absence of personal income tax in the UAE is a major draw for expats, complementing the country's appealing lifestyle and business opportunities. However, staying informed and compliant with tax obligations in one's home country is essential for financial security and peace of mind.
The UAE is often hailed for its impeccable safety record and the life of luxury expats can enjoy with no fear of crime. In contrast to other densely populated cities, Abu Dhabi and Dubai have a high standard of safety, and violent crime is extremely rare. Still, petty crimes do occur, and normal precautions should be taken.
The penalties for breaking laws in the UAE are severe, and expats should familiarise themselves with local laws and customs.
Burglaries can and do occur, especially during the summer months when many expat families return to their home countries, leaving houses vacant. On the other hand, it is considered safe to walk around late at night and to take taxis independently.
Women on their own are not considered targets or at risk, but they should ensure that they dress modestly, as there have been occasional reports of women being harassed.
Road safety in the UAE is a concern, and although road traffic fatalities have gone down in recent years, driving here is not for the faint of heart. While there are financial penalties for dangerous driving and speeding, they are well within most people’s financial means and therefore are not a successful deterrent.
The UAE has a no-tolerance policy for drinking and driving. Penalties are severe and can include a fine or jail time.
All traffic accidents, no matter how minor, are required by law to be reported to the police immediately. Dial 999 from the scene.
The UAE does not have a high threat of terrorism. That said, some governments have warned of the possibility of extremist attacks in the country due to its proximity to other volatile countries in the Middle East and the UAE's sizeable Western expat community.
Protests and public demonstrations are generally rare in the UAE. The country’s wealth and the high standard of living mean that there is not much economic and social dissent against the government.
Dreams of a luxurious lifestyle and tax-free salaries continue to attract many expats to work in the UAE, although wages are less lucrative now than a few years ago and housing costs have risen disproportionately.
While generous relocation packages are not as common as they used to be, expats will still have plenty of opportunities to both splurge and save. Those in very senior executive positions are still likely to command generous employment benefits such as housing, schooling and transport allowances.
As a minimum, expats offered work in the UAE can expect funding for their initial flights there, a return flight to their home country at least once a year, and health insurance. If these benefits aren't forthcoming, we recommend expats negotiate with prospective employers.
The UAE job market, particularly Abu Dhabi and Dubai, continues to be an attractive destination for expats. While the oil and gas sector remains a significant employer, there has been a concerted push towards diversifying the economy. This shift has opened up opportunities in sectors like renewable energy, technology, healthcare, education and financial services. Abu Dhabi, rich in oil reserves, is gradually transitioning towards sustainable energy and technology, whereas Dubai, with its lower reliance on oil, has already established itself as a hub for finance, trade, tourism and real estate.
The government Emiratisation policy, aiming to integrate more Emiratis into the workforce, particularly impacts sectors like banking, insurance and trade. Despite this, the demand for skilled expats in areas such as IT, engineering and healthcare remains high. Companies in the UAE are especially interested in candidates who bring international experience and expertise to these growing industries.
The burgeoning startup scene, especially in Dubai, is another area of growth, with the city becoming a hotspot for entrepreneurs and tech innovators. This sector provides ample opportunities for expats with a knack for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Securing employment in the UAE typically requires preparation and networking. Most expats secure a job before moving, with many international companies operating in the region offering positions to candidates overseas. Prospective jobseekers should consider reaching out to recruitment agencies specialising in their field and exploring job listings on popular websites and local newspapers like Gulf News and Khaleej Times.
Networking plays a crucial role in the UAE job market. Leveraging social media platforms like LinkedIn and attending industry-specific events can be invaluable. For those already in the UAE, connecting with fellow expats and local professionals can open doors to new opportunities.
While the process of finding a job in the UAE can be competitive, expats with the right qualifications and experience, particularly in high-demand sectors, will find various opportunities. It is important to be mindful of the legal requirements for working in the UAE, including the necessity of a work permit and residence visa, usually facilitated by the employer.
With so many expats living and working in the UAE, the business environment is unlikely to present any significant culture shock for new arrivals. However, as the UAE is an Islamic country, Emirati businessmen will still take their mandate from Islam and Arab culture, and expats need to remain patient and flexible and always respect the local traditions and customs.
The work culture in the UAE is a unique blend of traditional Emirati customs and a modern, international business ethos. English is widely spoken in the professional environment, making it easier for expats to adapt.
Business practices in the UAE place a strong emphasis on personal relationships and trust. Thus, networking and face-to-face meetings are crucial aspects of doing business. Bear in mind that business hours may vary, especially during the summer and Ramadan.
Emiratis value politeness, patience and respect in professional interactions. Understanding and adapting to these cultural nuances can significantly enhance an expat's work experience in the UAE. Expats should also be prepared for a slower pace in decision-making and business processes, as this is characteristic of the local business culture.
Any expat doing business in the UAE will find themselves to be one foreigner in a sea of many. The majority of the country’s population is made up of those from abroad, and as a result, the working world is a mosaic of multinational influences.
Business customs and practices in the UAE vary from one company, colleague and client to the next, and the most essential preparation an expat can make is to be flexible and understanding. That said, it’s also critical to remember that the UAE is an Islamic country, and Emirati businesspeople will still operate from a background embedded in Islamic and Arabic culture.
For many years, the standard workweek in the UAE was from Sunday to Thursday. In early 2022, the government made a number of changes in the public sector, with the workweek now being from Monday to Friday. Working hours in the public sector are from 7.30am to 3.30pm from Monday to Thursday, with early closure on Fridays at noon. The private sector follows similar scheduling.
Arabic is the official language of the UAE, but English is widely spoken in business.
Business attire in the UAE is generally formal. Women should dress modestly, keeping their arms and legs covered. Traditional Islamic attire is not necessary. Local businesspeople may wear Western attire or a dishdasha, a flowing robe seen on nearly every type of occasion.
Giving gifts to business contacts in the UAE is unnecessary, but a small token with personal significance is not inappropriate.
Men and women are treated equally in business, although men still dominate senior executive positions.
A handshake is the usual greeting between men. Placing one’s right hand on one’s chest after shaking hands marks a sign of respect. If greeting a woman, wait for her to extend her hand first. More devout Muslim women may not be comfortable shaking hands with men, and while dress may be an indicator, there is no easy way to gauge this beforehand. The best practice is to allow female business associates to offer their hand first.
Despite its cosmopolitan veneer, business culture in the UAE has its roots in Arab values and traditions. Along with respecting the all-encompassing effect religion has on everyday activity, expats will need to realise that relationship-building is paramount in the working world.
Foreigners looking to successfully do business in the UAE must acquaint themselves with the importance of building relationships. Emiratis do business with people they trust, and initial business dealings will always be devoted to getting to know each other. Some smaller, family-owned businesses may only grant access to decision-makers once a connection with junior members has been forged. Expats should budget time for this endeavour and should take care not to rush into negotiations.
It’s also important to note that verbal agreements carry significant weight in the UAE. Be mindful of what is said, especially when it comes to agreements, conditions and refusals. That said, haggling is a common practice, so be prepared to engage in some good-natured negotiating.
Expats may be surprised to find that punctuality is not always observed, and it is not uncommon to be kept waiting on occasion. As family takes precedence in the Middle East, meetings may feature frequent interruptions and disturbances, so patience is expected. The Arabic greeting of ‘assalamu alaikum’ is used instead of ‘hello’, and relationships built on politeness are pivotal to success in the professional world.
The business culture in the UAE is welcoming to foreign investment. Expat business owners must be respectful of Islamic culture and tradition; however, they are not required to practise it themselves.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), a federation of seven emirates, has rapidly emerged as a global hub for business, tourism and culture. Situated at the crossroads of East and West, the UAE boasts a blend of traditional Arabian values and modern aspirations, making it a unique and fascinating destination for both residents and visitors. Below we dive into various facets of the UAE, from its laudable strides in accessibility to its nuanced cultural norms, giving readers an in-depth look into life in this dynamic nation.
The population of the UAE has exploded to over 10 million in the past years due to its extensive infrastructural developments, bringing millions of expatriate workers into the country. Emiratis, the indigenous people of the UAE, constitute only about 12 percent of the population. A significant majority, approximately 59 percent, comprises South Asians, mostly from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. There are also many Egyptian and Filipino migrant workers.
Another salient feature of the UAE's largely male labour importation is its ratio of men to women; males account for 72 percent of the population, with females comprising the remaining 28 percent.
The UAE government aims to make Dubai the most accessible city in the world by 2025. It's already easy to access businesses, public spaces, transport, shopping malls and entertainment venues, though some pavements in the older parts of the city can be a challenge. Legislation is designed to enable those with any form of disability (referred to as 'people of determination') to succeed.
Dubai International and Dubai World Central airports are well-designed for anyone living with a disability or reduced mobility. There are dedicated check-in areas, prioritised drop-off points and complimentary parking for disabled drivers or wheelchair users – and dedicated lounges at both terminals.
Taxis in the UAE are convenient, safe and affordable. Their drivers are well-mannered and, in larger cities, can be booked or hailed using the Roads and Transport Authority app called Smart Taxi. In Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah, they operate 24 hours a day. There are also specialist services for female passengers (driven by female chauffeurs) and dedicated airport cars.
The bus network covers most major city areas and is a cost-effective travel method, carrying 400,000 passengers a day. A fleet of over 1,500 buses covers 82 percent of the urban regions, including intercity routes and fast lanes to other emirates. Tickets for all public transport are available as 'nol' cards – paper-based for occasional trips or as a smart card/e-purse that can be preloaded and topped up.
The Dubai Metro is a popular and comfortable way to travel, especially during rush hour on the roads. There are standard and Gold Class options, designated cabins for women and children, and dedicated spaces for wheelchair users. The network connects Dubai International Airport with major hotels, malls and business centres using fully automated, driverless technology. Abu Dhabi's metro is under construction, and the Sharjah Metro is in the planning stage. Dubai also has monorail and tram services.
Every international car rental company is present in the UAE. The legal driving age is 18, but 21 is the minimum age for hiring a car. Some car rental companies require drivers to be over 25. Residents need a valid UAE licence to rent a car, while those from other GCC nations can use a licence issued from their home country. Certain nationalities can also rent a car on their licence from home. For any other nationalities, an international driving licence is mandatory.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights are not recognised in the UAE. Any sexual relations outside heterosexual marriage, including adultery, are illegal and not tolerated under Islamic principles. Punishment can be severe, including a prison sentence or deportation.
Visiting or living in the UAE demands an understanding of its cultural nuances. While it's a modern state, the UAE still cherishes and upholds its traditional values, influenced predominantly by Islamic customs. Resorts and hotels offer more leniency, but it's important to be mindful of Emirati norms in public spaces.
Conservative dress is expected in public areas, especially those frequented by locals. Men are generally expected to wear neat clothing, and women are encouraged to dress modestly, with many opting for outfits like the dirʿ worn beneath the ornate thawb dress and complemented by baggy trousers known as sirwāl.
The UAE permits alcohol consumption within the confines of licensed bars and restaurants, but public drunkenness is frowned upon, and driving intoxicated is strictly prohibited. Public displays of affection are also frowned upon, and acts that might be commonplace in Western countries can attract legal consequences in the Emirates, so it's wise to be discreet.
The constitution of the UAE guarantees equal rights for men and women. Women enjoy the same legal status, claim to titles, access to education, the right to practice professions, and the right to inherit property as men do.
The most recent government data shows women held 66 percent of public sector jobs, one of the highest proportions worldwide. Women have a third of senior leadership and decision-making roles. In the private sector, 10 percent of businesses are female-owned.
Actual and perceived safety is crucial to women's mobility and positive opportunities outside the home. The UAE topped the 2021 Women, Peace and Security Index for women's safety as 98 percent of women reported feeling safe here – the highest percentage worldwide.
It's not uncommon to experience problems with emotional well-being through concerns about work, family, finances or future – including neglect or abuse. The UAE National Programme for Happiness and Wellbeing provides a free service for residents experiencing mental health issues. Expert support or counselling can be accessed via WhatsApp. It's staffed by a team of industry professionals and specialist volunteers who provide initial counselling in English and Arabic.
Unconscious bias refers to the prejudices absorbed when living in unequal societies. Preconceptions around gender, age and ethnicity inhibit effective hiring, limit development and lower staff morale. Business practice in the UAE is to tackle all conscious bias rather than routinely train staff around unconscious influences.
The UAE is one of the very few countries where nationals make up less than 20 percent of the population and under 5 percent of the workforce. This means public and private sector organisations are highly diverse in terms of nationality, language, religion, race and gender. The Emirati Talent Competitiveness Programme (NAFIS) is driving work opportunities for both young and experienced Emiratis in the private sector against a target to ensure they make up 10 percent of the skilled workforce by 2025.
The UAE is often commended on its safety record in contrast to many highly populated places. Violent crime is extremely rare, as penalties for perpetrators are severe. Petty crimes do occur but are uncommon. To enhance security, the Ministry of Interior has deployed a face recognition system using advanced technology to protect its borders, critical infrastructure and key assets. Coupled with a vast network of surveillance cameras, the system creates a safe and secure environment in which to live and work.
The government announces public holidays at the beginning of each year. The Hijri calendar is the official reference for Islamic occasions such as the beginning of Ramadan, Eid or Hajj, which are determined by phases and sightings of the moon. Some prominent public and private sector holidays include Eid Al Fitr, Eid Al Adha and the UAE National Day.
Expats moving to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) can anticipate a rich and rewarding experience. The country’s cosmopolitan cities are among the most Westernised in the region, and its competitive business environment – bolstered by the added incentives of generous expat salary packages and no income taxation – has been drawing foreign professionals to its shores for many years.
The UAE consists of seven emirates (the equivalent of principalities): Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. The most popular destinations for expat workers in the UAE are the emirates of Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
Abu Dhabi, the capital of the UAE, is an enormous urban metropolis that has seen tremendous growth in recent years. The majority of expats moving to Abu Dhabi move to Abu Dhabi city, which boasts some great expat-heavy residential areas and suburbs, as well as fantastic employment prospects.
Dubai is the most established expat destination in the UAE. In recent years, thanks to the vision (and the petrodollars) of its leader, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum, Dubai has transformed itself into a cosmopolitan metropolis, with most of its population comprising expat workers. There is plenty to see and do in Dubai, and there are fantastic work opportunities available for skilled and qualified expats looking to start a new life in the UAE.
There are many opportunities for expats to spend their hard-earned salaries in the UAE’s numerous shopping malls and souqs (markets), and with a thriving expat population, there are also many social events and gatherings to enjoy.
Nevertheless, although the UAE is more cosmopolitan and considered more progressive than many of its Middle Eastern neighbours, expats should remember that the UAE is still a conservative nation; Arabic is the official language, and Islam is the official religion. It’s essential that new arrivals familiarise themselves with the local laws of the land and respect the local culture.
Although many foreigners move to the UAE to save money in the income-tax-free environment, expats should note that the cost of living in the UAE remains relatively high. Dubai and Abu Dhabi, in particular, are among the most expensive cities in the region, with living costs that can rival those of major global hubs. While some essentials, such as fuel, are relatively inexpensive, housing and schooling are particularly costly, especially in sought-after areas.
It’s therefore important to factor this into any contract negotiations, particularly when it comes to the two largest expenses: accommodation and schooling. That said, day-to-day costs such as groceries, transport, and utilities remain more affordable than in many other popular expat destinations, and petrol is notably cheap.
The most significant concern that expats moving to the UAE with children will have is schooling. Expat kids in the UAE have limited access to free or government-sponsored schools. There are many private international schools in the popular emirates of Dubai and Abu Dhabi catering to the needs of foreign students. For the most part, these schools adhere to high standards, but fees can be high, and space is limited. It’s therefore vital that parents begin the enrolment process as early as possible.
Healthcare in the UAE is excellent, and medical facilities are modern and easily accessible for locals and expats alike. Nevertheless, it’s essential for expats in the UAE to have comprehensive medical insurance; in some emirates, it is the law that companies provide this for their employees. In the case of Abu Dhabi, health insurance is a mandatory prerequisite to obtaining a residence visa, but this tends to be organised and, generally, completely financed by the employer.
Another considerable adjustment for many expats will be the stifling summer temperatures and desert heat. Temperatures can average 100°F (40°C) during summer, peaking in August. Many expats plan long family holidays during this period to escape the uncomfortably hot conditions.
Official name: United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Capital city: Abu Dhabi
Population: 10 million
Geography: The UAE is a small country occupying a desert stretch of land along the northeastern part of the Persian Gulf.
Neighbouring countries: The UAE is bordered by Oman to the southeast and Saudi Arabia to the southwest, with the Persian Gulf to the north.
Political system: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven constitutional monarchies/emirates. Traditionally, Abu Dhabi’s ruler is also the UAE’s president.
Major religions: Islam. Other religions are tolerated, but proselytising is illegal.
Main languages: Arabic is the official language, but English is widely spoken.
Money: The currency of the UAE is the Dirham (AED), divided into 100 fils. ATMs are widely available, and credit cards are accepted in most establishments. Expats are able to open a bank account in the UAE.
Tipping: A 10 percent service fee is usually added to restaurant bills, but this rarely makes it to the serving staff, so leaving an additional cash tip on the table may be a good idea.
Time: GMT+4
Electricity: 220V and 240V, 50Hz. Square three-pin plugs are the most frequently used.
Internet domain: .ae
International dialling code: +971
Emergency contacts: 999
Transport and driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road. Seat belts are mandatory, and children under 10 must sit in the rear seats. Expats must get a local driving licence once they acquire their residence visa.
While expats are likely to experience some culture shock in the UAE, the country epitomises a true melting pot of cultures. With the expat community accounting for nearly 80 percent of the UAE’s population, many foreigners who relocate here quickly slide into a somewhat insular niche made up of fellow expats.
The majority of the local population is Muslim, and the country operates according to Islamic traditions; expats will need to make sure they’re familiar with local customs and behaviour. While non-Muslims are not expected to comply with the Islamic code that stratifies the local culture in the UAE, they are obligated to respect it, which, in itself, can take some getting used to.
Islam is the official religion of the UAE, and the majority of Emiratis are Muslim. That said, the right to freedom of religion is respected, and there is very little interference in the practice of other religions in the country.
Non-Muslim religious groups can own their own land and build houses of worship where they can practice their religion, but it’s illegal to proselytise in the UAE.
One of the most considerable adjustments to life in the UAE is getting used to the five daily calls to prayer, each of which lasts a few minutes. Most mosques are co-ordinated. On Fridays at about noon, a congregational prayer known as salaat al-Jumu’ah takes place and is considerably longer.
The prayer can be heard on the street, in homes, at work, on the radio and television and even in malls. For newcomers, it can be a repeated reminder of their new surroundings.
During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. During this time, it's forbidden to eat, drink and smoke in public out of respect for the Islamic practice, though non-Muslims may do so in private. Those not complying with this may face prosecution. Muslims break the day’s fast at sundown with a traditional feast called Iftar.
the legal framework in the UAE strictly prohibits any form of sexual relations outside of heterosexual marriage. Furthermore, any behaviour or dress that is considered to be against Islamic principles and the country’s cultural norms can result in legal consequences, including imprisonment and deportation.
Read more about Being LGBTQ+ in the UAE.
Although the UAE once had numerous restrictions concerning the purchase and consumption of alcohol, these have recently been relaxed. Expats no longer need a special alcohol licence to purchase, transport or possess alcohol for consumption at home. Drinking in licensed public establishments such as bars is legal for patrons over the age of 21.
It’s strictly illegal and forbidden to bring drugs into the UAE. Even the slightest residual amount can result in arrest, a four-year imprisonment and then deportation. This is not a law to take lightly.
Expats bringing prescription drugs to the UAE should bring a doctor’s note and stick well below the legal limit of what quantity of medication can be brought in.
Public decency laws in the UAE can be somewhat unclear, but some types of public affection may be considered indecent. It’s generally best to err on the side of caution and keep public displays of affection to a minimum.
Men should not be surprised if women in the UAE opt to sit away from them. Conversely, men in the UAE will sometimes move away from women out of respect for them.
Previously, cohabitation between unmarried couples was illegal in the UAE. As part of recent law revisions, this is no longer the case, and unmarried couples are free to live together.