Owing to its vast geographic size, getting around Brazil is not always easy. Location also makes a big difference in the available transport options. Major cities have taxis, buses, and metro systems, as well as international and domestic airports. In smaller cities, the options are more limited. Travel between cities may require planes, buses or boats.

Getting Around São Paulo
Getting Around in Rio De Janeiro

Public transport in Brazil

Buses

Buses are by far the most common and flexible form of public transport in Brazil. All major cities have a public bus system, as well as a central bus station that provides options for travelling to other cities. Most cities now accept contactless payment cards and mobile apps alongside cash, and city bus fares are usually inexpensive. Inter-city bus fare can be more expensive, but they are reliable and cost less than flying. Still, due to the size of Brazil, it’s not practical to cross the entire country by bus.

Metro

There are metro systems in a handful of cities in Brazil, but their usefulness varies. In Rio de Janeiro, the metro is clean and safe. In São Paulo, the metro can be a good option, but it is usually packed.

Many major cities have also invested in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems and light rail networks to improve public transport capacity and efficiency. Most cities now use integrated digital payment cards that work across different transport modes.

Trains

Although there are a few notable tourist-oriented routes, passenger trains in Brazil are few and far between. Most railways are used for cargo transport only.

Ferries and boats

In some parts of Brazil, mainly Amazonia, water travel is the only form of transport. Although travelling through the Amazon River by boat can be slow, it’s a unique once-in-a-lifetime experience.

Some larger boats will have classes with different comfort levels, and reputable operators generally maintain good safety standards. It’s advisable to research operators beforehand and choose well-established companies.

Ensure you take plenty of food and water, as trips can take anywhere from four to six days, depending on where you will be travelling from and to. 

Useful links

• SPTrans: São Paulo Public Transport
• Rio Ônibus: Rio de Janeiro Bus Information

Taxis in Brazil

Brazil’s major cities have large taxi fleets that run on meters. Taxis typically congregate in designated pontos throughout the city. Taxi fares are not terribly expensive, but you need to beware of being ‘taken for a ride’ in unfamiliar places. When in a new city, hiring a radio taxi (with a prepaid fare) can be a good option. For those who don’t have a car and rely on taxis, taxi drivers can usually offer cards with their number for future calls. They appreciate a regular customer and may be willing to give discounts for standing appointments or longer trips.

Ride-hailing applications are widely available in Brazil’s major cities. 99 is the country’s largest domestic ride-hailing app. There are also Uber and Taxi.Rio, an app developed by Rio de Janeiro’s government to connect passengers with traditional taxis. Most ride-hailing services require vehicles to be from 2013 onwards, and regulations vary by city, with some municipalities restricting certain types of transport services.

Useful links

• Uber Brazil
• 99 App
• Taxi.Rio
• Rádio Táxi São Paulo

Driving in Brazil

Brazil’s road system is woefully inadequate. While there are paved highways between major cities, they’re frequently in disrepair and can be dangerous. This leads to a high number of road fatalities in Brazil every year. Traffic within and between major cities can be congested.

That said, many expats in Brazil choose to own a car for the flexibility it provides. Some expat employment packages even provide drivers, and others will support the process of getting a car and a licence. Car ownership is expensive, with high car and petrol prices. Be aware that Brazil has a zero-tolerance drink-driving law – blood alcohol levels above 0.01 percent bring fines and licence suspension, and higher levels can lead to imprisonment and criminal charges.

Driver’s licences

Expats will be allowed to drive in Brazil with their home country’s licence, along with their passport, for an initial six months. Thereafter, they will need a Brazilian driver’s licence if they intend to live in the country for a while. New arrivals must have a valid temporary or permanent residence visa to qualify for a Brazilian driver’s licence.

Newcomers from countries with reciprocal agreements with Brazil can exchange their full driver’s licence from their home countries for a Brazilian licence. Brazil recognises licences from countries that are signatories to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Mercosur member countries (Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) also have reciprocal driving arrangements.

Those from countries without such agreements will need to take a four-part test, provide a range of paperwork and pay the related fees to secure their Brazilian driver’s licence.

Useful links

• Gov.br: Brazilian Driver’s Licence Information
• Denatran: National Traffic Department

Domestic flights in Brazil

For domestic travel, unless you have days and weeks to spend on buses, a domestic flight will be the best option. Brazil's domestic airline market is dominated by LATAM, with Gol and Azul merging in 2025 to form the country's second-largest carrier following industry consolidation. Flying can be expensive, but buying a ticket well in advance can help offset the cost.

Useful links

• Infraero: Brazilian Airport Authority
• LATAM Airlines
• Gol Airlines
• Azul Airlines

Despite slowing economic growth, doing business in Brazil is still attractive for expats, as it’s still one of the biggest economies in South America. The country’s latest policy changes have resulted in a solid foundation for it to remain competitive in the future, despite rising global inflation and higher interest rates in the short term.

As part of these changes, the state has especially focused on technological advancement, industrial development and creating a friendlier environment for expats to do business in Brazil.

Fast facts

Business hours

Business hours are usually from 8.30am to 5.30pm, although executive staff tend to work from 9am or 10am until after 5.30pm. Since 2024, employers are required to establish policies that allow employees to disconnect from work outside scheduled hours. Most businesses close during holidays and festivities, especially Carnival.

Business language

The business language in Brazil is Portuguese. It is worth noting that Brazilian Portuguese can differ significantly from the Portuguese spoken in Portugal.

Dress

Business attire in Brazil is generally formal and elegant. Appearances are important and are seen to convey a person’s self-worth, as well as how much respect you have for others. Overdressing is preferable to being too casual.

Gifts

When invited to a colleague’s home, bring flowers or a small gift for the hostess. Purple and black gifts should be avoided as they are traditionally mourning colours. Good quality alcohol is a safe bet, especially for dinners. Gifts are usually opened when they are received.

Gender equality

Traditional gender roles are still very prominent in Brazilian culture. Machismo is something that expat women will have to get used to, whether in a social or work environment. Women are under-represented in executive positions. Once in the position, they are typically treated with respect, but they will often have to work harder to maintain this with their colleagues and business associates.

Greetings

A firm handshake and eye contact. Women should extend their hand first when wanting to shake hands with a man. Women generally air kiss when greeting each other, starting on the left.

Local Culture in Brazil

Business culture in Brazil

Unsurprisingly, given its size, there are significant regional differences in Brazilian business culture to be aware of.

The business environment in São Paulo is known for being quite formal, for example. Businesspeople from the region value objectivity, honesty and technical skills. In some ways, Rio de Janeiro is known for being more relaxed, especially when it comes to punctuality. People from Rio tend to be more image-conscious and focused on short-term results.

These differences are somewhat muted at multinational companies, which are more similar to European business environments. Many companies now operate hybrid work models, with three out of five preferring just two remote days per week.

Communication

If you want to get ahead in the Brazilian business world, make an effort to learn how to communicate with locals on their terms. The language of business is Portuguese, which is spoken by most of the population. Non-verbal communication also plays an important role. Interactions are often full of gestures and can be very physical, accompanied by long, firm handshakes, air-kissing and slapping on the back. Personal space is not especially sacred. People who are more reserved may be seen as aloof or odd.

The physical nature of interactions in the Brazilian workplace has a lot to do with the emphasis on personal relationships in the national culture. A lot of value is placed on the traditional family structure and friendships, which have various effects on the business world.

It follows that Brazilian people usually prefer face-to-face meetings to phone calls and written communication. The emphasis on personal relationships, even in the business environment, also means business is typically conducted through personal connections. As such, nepotism is an accepted reality that you’ll have to contend with.

Hierarchical structure

Brazilian business tends to be hierarchical, with age, experience and etiquette all being highly respected. You would do well to avoid criticising others (especially senior figures) at meetings, which would cause them to lose face. Given that it is a culture that puts a high value on social groups, your outsider status is likely to come into sharp focus in conflict situations.

In contrast, building relationships and friendly communication are very important. People take precedence over appointments. This is not a licence to be late, but it does mean that you should greet your associates properly, be willing to engage in banter and allow your hosts to initiate talking business.

Dos and don’ts of business in Brazil

• Do be on time, but don’t get impatient with Brazilian associates who happen to run late
• Do arrange meetings well in advance
• Do try to speak some Portuguese – it will be well received by local associates
• Don’t talk about the wealth gap or the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest
• Do be informal but not overly familiar, especially at first and until trust has been built
• Don’t be frustrated by constant interruptions while talking, as this is acceptable in Brazil

Pre-Colonial Era

• Ancient indigenous peoples live in Brazil for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans.
• In this era, the Tupi and Guaraní people are among Brazil’s largest and most advanced indigenous civilisations.
• They live in small, semi-nomadic communities and rely on hunting, fishing and agriculture for survival.

Colonial Period

• 1500: Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral declares Brazil a Portuguese colony in 1500, despite resistance to colonisation by indigenous Brazilians. Over the next century, violence and disease (mainly smallpox) kill an estimated 90 percent of indigenous Brazilians.
• 1530: Portuguese settlers begin to establish sugar plantations along the coast, starting with the introduction of sugarcane on the island of Itamaracá. Portuguese colonists enslave indigenous peoples for labour.
• 1540s: Sugar plantations begin to import enslaved Africans, marking the beginning of more than 300 years of the slave trade in Brazil.
• 1549: The first Jesuit missions are established in the interior of Brazil, aimed at converting indigenous peoples to Christianity under Portuguese colonial rule.
• 1808: The Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil due to the Napoleonic Wars, temporarily establishing Rio de Janeiro as the capital of the Portuguese Empire.

Empire Period

• 1822: Brazil declares independence from Portugal and becomes an empire, with Dom Pedro I as its first emperor.
• 1840: Pedro II is declared of age on July 23 and assumes power at 14, ending the turbulent regency period and beginning his 49-year reign.
• 1864–1870: Brazil fights the Paraguay War (War of the Triple Alliance) alongside Argentina and Uruguay, the bloodiest conflict in South American history.
• 1888: Slavery is abolished, leading to mass migration from the countryside to cities like Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
• 1889: The monarchy is overthrown. A republic is established with a federal constitution and the presidency as the head of government.

Early Republic

• 1889: Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca leads a military coup on November 15, deposing Emperor Pedro II and proclaiming the Republic of Brazil.
• 1891: Brazil’s first republican constitution is promulgated on February 24, establishing a federal system similar to the United States with separation of powers.
• 1917: Although Brazil remains neutral during the early years of World War I, Brazil declares war on Germany after unrestricted German submarine activity sinks several Brazilian merchant ships.

Vargas Era & WWII

• 1930: Getúlio Vargas comes to power in a coup, leading to the Vargas Era (1930–1945), characterised by a populist government and labour reforms.
• 1932: The Constitutionalist Revolution is an armed uprising in São Paulo, Brazil, against President Getúlio Vargas’s centralisation of political power and the dissolution of state governments. Although ultimately defeated, the revolution contributes to drafting and implementing a new constitution in 1934, which partially addresses the demands of the Paulistas.
• 1937: Vargas stages a coup on November 10, establishing the authoritarian Estado Novo dictatorship and promulgating a new constitution that centralises power in his hands.
• 1942: During World War II, Brazil is initially neutral, but it eventually joins the Allies in 1942. Brazil’s economy booms due to increased demand for its agricultural and industrial products.

Democratic Period

• 1946: A new democratic constitution is promulgated on September 18, establishing the Fourth Brazilian Republic and creating the legal foundation for democratic governance after the Estado Novo.
• 1954: Getúlio Vargas returns as democratically elected president in 1950 but commits suicide on August 24 amid a growing political crisis, shocking the nation.
• 1956–1961: President Juscelino Kubitschek leads rapid modernisation and economic development under his ‘50 years in 5’ programme, transforming Brazil’s infrastructure and industry.
• 1958: Brazil wins the FIFA World Cup, going on to win five World Cups between 1958 and 2002.
• 1960: Brasília is inaugurated as Brazil’s new capital on April 21, symbolising the country’s modernisation and development ambitions.

Military Dictatorship

• 1964: A military coup takes place, leading to a dictatorship that lasts several decades. During this time, the government suppresses political opposition, censors the media, tortures dissidents, and commits widespread human rights abuses. The dictatorship also sees significant economic growth, with Brazil becoming one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.
• 1968: The government enacts Institutional Act Number 5 (AI-5) on December 13, closing Congress, suspending civil rights, and enabling systematic torture and repression during the harshest period of the dictatorship.
• 1985: Military rule ends as Brazil begins to transition to democracy. Since then, Brazil remains a democratic country, with several presidents from different political parties occupying office.

New Republic

• 1988: Brazil enacts a new constitution that limits presidential powers.
• 1994: The Plano Real is introduced, a set of economic measures to stabilise Brazil’s economy and curb hyperinflation.

Contemporary Brazil

• In the early 21st century, Brazil experiences significant economic growth but struggles with income inequality and corruption. The Brazilian economy booms, and social programmes are expanded.
• 2002: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, popularly known as Lula, wins presidential elections to lead the first centre-left government in over 40 years.
• 2013: Mass protests erupt nationwide over poor public services, corruption, police violence, and Brazil’s stark inequality.
• 2014: The Car Wash investigation, a large-scale anti-corruption probe, uncovers a massive graft scheme involving Brazil’s political and business elites, including bribery, kickbacks and money laundering. The investigation later becomes controversial over its methods and judicial conduct.
• 2016: Former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is convicted of corruption, and President Dilma Rousseff is impeached and removed from office on August 31, leading to right-wing politician Jair Bolsonaro’s rise as president in 2018. Lula’s convictions are later overturned by Brazil’s Supreme Court.
• 2020: The first Covid-19 case is detected in Brazil. To date, there have been more than 37 million infections of Covid-19 in Brazil and nearly 700,000 Covid-19-related deaths.
• 2020: Bolsonaro’s controversial policies and handling of the Covid-19 pandemic lead to widespread criticism and protests.
• 2022: Brazilians re-elect Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
• 2023: On January 8, Jair Bolsonaro supporters storm the government buildings in Brasília in an insurrectionist attempt.

With exotic rainforests and picturesque beaches, world-class football teams and a welcoming population, Brazil continues to attract expats the world over. Brazil boasts one of the world’s most ethnically diverse populations and is home to many nationalities.

Below is some useful information about diversity and inclusion in Brazil.

Accessibility in Brazil

As is the case with many developing countries, Brazil has a long way to go in terms of expanding its accessibility infrastructure. Still, the country is striving to make progress. According to the 2022 Census, more than 14 million people in Brazil live with disabilities. 

In 1988, Brazil’s Constitution was amended to guarantee the rights of people living with disabilities. The government also passed the Disabled Persons Inclusion Act in 2015, which stated that a certain percentage of homes built with government resources and public spaces, such as hotels, must have accessibility accommodations.

Public transport accessibility is largely inadequate, even in the country’s major cities, but the government is making some improvements. There are some accessible subways and buses in São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro has both visual and motor accessibility resources in the form of subway and bus lifts, as well as tactile floors for visually impaired passengers. Some of the museums and beaches in Rio de Janeiro are equipped with ramps.

The rural areas of Brazil, particularly in the Amazon Basin, are largely inaccessible.

Useful resources

• Latin American Network of Organisations of People with Disabilities and their Families

LGBTQ+ in Brazil

Brazil is known for having some of the best LGBTQ+ legal protections in the world. Same-sex marriage and adoption have been legal for more than a decade, and conversion therapy is banned in the country. Brazil’s LGBTQ+ community represents an estimated 5 percent of the population. That said, Brazil has a high level of conservatism and fundamentalist religiosity, and social acceptance of people who identify as LGBTQ+ in the country lags far behind its legal protections. 

For nearly two decades, Brazil has been the world’s deadliest country for transgender individuals. Brazil accounts for 30 percent of all transgender murders globally. A 2021 report by the Brazilian Institute of Transmasculinities (IBRAT) and the UN Race and Equality Institute and Trans Magazine found that almost 86 percent of respondents felt that the public system harboured transphobic attitudes towards them.

While progress in the acceptance of LGBTQ+ people may be slow, it is still there. In October 2022, Brazil elected its first two transgender women to its National Congress, and political participation has surged in the community, with more than 3,000 openly LGBTQ+ candidates running for office in 2024.

As an absolutely enormous country, Brazil has a varied population with diverse attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people. For LGBTQ+ expats moving inland and to small towns, avoid public displays of affection until you’ve gotten a lay of the land, as this may lead to some unwanted attention from locals. Still, the east coast of the country boasts a lively LGBT+ social scene, and São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro host annual pride celebrations and have many LGBT-friendly spots sprinkled throughout the cities.

Useful resources

• ABGLT
• National LGBTI Alliance

Gender equality in Brazil

Brazilian women gained universal suffrage in 1934, and equality between women and men was enshrined in Brazil’s Constitution in 1988. According to UN Women, almost 90 percent of women of reproductive age in Brazil have access to family planning services. The country also has protections for violence against women.

Brazil ranked 78th out of 144 countries evaluated in the 2022 Equal Measures 2030 (EM2030) SDG Gender Index, putting the country in the bottom half for gender equality worldwide. Additionally, Brazil has the fifth-highest number of child marriages in the world. Teenage pregnancy is rife, and this affects the employment of women, as many of them have to bear childcare and housework duties.

In the workplace, things are not much better for Brazilian women. The country has one of the highest gender pay gaps in the world at 21 percent according to recent data, and this widens to 32 percent in sectors such as health, education, and social services. Many women also face the threat of sexual harassment and assault at work.

Expectant mothers who have been employed for three months or longer are entitled to four months of maternity leave, which can be extended to six months if fully paid by the employer, and this can be extended by two weeks on doctor’s orders. Fathers are permitted seven paid days of parental leave following the birth of a child. This means much of the child-rearing responsibility falls to women.

Be that as it may, Brazil’s current administration is working towards addressing gender disparities in the country. The newly elected president has re-established the Ministry of Women following its dissolution in the previous administration. New laws now mandate annual workplace training to prevent sexual harassment, equal salaries for men and women in equal positions, and pay transparency reports for companies with more than 100 employees.

Useful resources

• Serenas – Women’s Rights Organisation
• Ministry of Women Brazil

Women in leadership in Brazil

Brazil may have been one of the few Latin American countries to have elected a female president, but the general representation of women in leadership positions in Brazil is lacking. As of the 2022 national elections, women represent only 18 percent of Brazil’s Congress.

According to the Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance’s (IBGC) 2022 study, women held 15 percent of board and executive positions in Brazil’s listed companies. Of the companies surveyed, 17.5 percent had no women listed on their board of directors.

Although Brazil currently has no mandates or legislation to increase the representation of women in board leadership positions, electoral law states that a minimum of 30 percent of candidates should be women for the lower house and sub-national levels.

Useful resources

• Asta – Women Empowerment Programmes in Brazil
• Grupo Mulheres do Brasil – Women’s Leadership

Mental health awareness in Brazil

Owing to the unfamiliarity and loneliness that can sometimes come with moving to a new country, expats are at a higher risk for mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. Current data shows Brazil ranks 5th globally for depression prevalence. Expats moving to Brazil should ensure they're familiar with local mental healthcare services.

One of the contributing factors to the country’s dire mental health situation is the fact that there is a stigma against seeking help for mental health disorders. Brazilians value seeking medical treatment for physical ailments rather than mental health issues.

Workplaces in the country also reward overwork, particularly in major metropolises such as São Paulo, where competition for jobs is fierce. This can often lead to isolation and burnout.

The Brazilian government has made strides in improving access to mental health services. In the late 1990s, Brazil set out to reform its mental healthcare from a centralised psychiatric system to community-based services that allow patients to engage in therapeutic workshops, family assistance programmes, and sports activities.

There are also non-profit and federal organisations like the Centre for Valuing Life (CVV) that offer resources for those in crisis and those needing general mental health resources.

Useful resources

• Mental Health Map
• Centro de Valorização da Vida (CVV) – Mental Health Support Line

Unconscious bias training in Brazil

Stoked in part by the former far-right president, racial tensions in Brazil are high, and black Brazilians still struggle against issues created by colonial-era discrimination.

Brazil is home to the largest population of black people outside of Africa, yet Afro-Brazilians occupy only 26 percent of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Afro-Brazilians also earn 76 percent less than white Brazilians, as found by a 2021 study by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.

The concept of unconscious bias is an implicit set of social stereotypes that an individual carries about groups of people different to themselves. These stereotypes are not purposefully adopted but rather develop subtly over time, and people tend to hold these unconscious biases about groups they never or rarely come into contact with.

Some companies, especially multinational corporations, have started offering unconscious bias training to assist their employees with recognising and ultimately overcoming their biases. There are also online resources that can be used to improve recognition of unconscious bias in themselves and others.

Useful resources

• Project Implicit
• Unconscious Bias Training

Diversification in the workplace in Brazil

Brazilian society is one of the most diverse, with strong indigenous roots tied together by African and Portuguese traditions. From the Copacabana and Ipanema beaches to the Amazon Basin, Brazil is a country with striking natural landscapes that have served to attract many an expat, with 1.3 million calling the country home.

The workplace in Brazil is highly diversified, and many local as well as multinational companies employ people of many nationalities. Brazilians are generally receptive and welcoming of expats, but non-white foreigners and those from African countries may experience some discrimination.

While systemic racism and exclusion are still widespread in Brazil, some companies in the country are beginning to prioritise diversity. More than 90 companies signed an open letter addressed to the 2022 presidential candidates to advocate for including LGBTQ+ individuals in the workplace. The new president has also signed several affirmative action decrees to increase the representation of marginalised groups in Congress and universities, as well as companies.

Safety in Brazil

The 2024 Global Peace Index ranked Brazil 131st out of 163 countries, showing a slight improvement from previous years. If you’re moving to Brazil, you’ll still need to be cautious and keep your valuables out of sight. Pickpocketing, muggings, robberies, and kidnappings are common.

As a country with extreme levels of income inequality, Brazil has historically faced significant crime challenges, although recent trends have shown some improvement. The homicide rate fell to 17.9 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2024, the lowest level in over a decade, and violent deaths decreased by 5 percent compared to the previous year. Crime is still concentrated in certain regions, and northern and northeastern areas experience higher rates than the national average.

Another potential safety hazard new arrivals should be cautious of is driving in Brazil. Drivers in the country are known for being aggressive, which could be jarring if you’re from some countries. You can use public transport in Brazil’s major cities, as this is a much safer and more convenient option.

Calendar initiatives in Brazil

January – Mental Health Awareness Month 
4 February – World Cancer Day 
8 March – International Women’s Day 
24 March – World TB Day 
2 April – World Autism Awareness Day 
19 April – Indigenous Peoples Day 
19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day 
June – Pride Month 
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day 
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month 
8 October – World Mental Health Day 
20 November – History of Black Consciousness Day 
1 December – World AIDS Day

From the Amazon basin to the beautiful beaches along its northern and eastern shores, South America’s largest country holds much for expats to uncover and experience. Whether heading to glamorous Rio de Janeiro or bustling São Paulo, expats moving to Brazil are in for an exciting experience.

Moving to and Living in Rio de Janeiro
Moving to and Living in São Paulo

Living in Brazil as an expat

Brazil is home to an ever-expanding expat population. With a resource-rich economy and expanding mining, agricultural, and energy sectors, there is an extensive range of job opportunities for expats moving to Brazil. The country is quite economically resilient but also has a somewhat unequal income distribution. Still, this relatively young democracy has become South America’s leading economic power.

Most expats moving to Brazil head to São Paulo, the country’s largest city. The city exudes pulsing energy matched by none other. Brazil’s finance and technology industries are centred in São Paulo, which attracts expats from all over the globe. The result is a truly international city made up of a diverse population. 

Rio de Janeiro is another major expat hub, and abounds with natural wonders awaiting expats, from pristine beaches and lush rainforests to gushing rivers and towering mountains.

Speaking at least basic Portuguese will be essential for expats who want to settle in the country. Without it, they might get frustrated when trying to conduct business and taking care of everyday affairs.

Finding a Job and Working in Brazil 
Doing Business in Brazil

Cost of living in Brazil

In comparison to many popular expat destinations around the world, the cost of living in Brazil is largely inexpensive, especially if you’re earning in a foreign currency like the US Dollar. Conversely, if you’re earning in the local currency, you’ll find you have far less purchasing power and might have a harder time budgeting.

With free healthcare and education available through Brazil’s public systems, expats may be able to reduce their living expenses. Naturally, living in Brazil’s major cities will lead to a higher cost of living, while smaller towns will incur lower fees.

Cost of Living in Brazil

Expat families and children in Brazil

Brazil is a wonderful place for expats to raise a family. The basics are covered: all of Brazil’s major cities have numerous international schools, and the country has an extensive network of both public and private healthcare options available.

When it comes to being out and about with your family, there’s no shortage of fun activities to keep the little ones engaged. Beach outings and forest hikes are popular choices, along with the many festivals you can look forward to.

International Schools in Brazil 
Healthcare and Health Insurance in Brazil

Climate in Brazil

Brazil has five main climatic zones. The weather throughout this vast country varies considerably. Coastal regions boast a warmer climate, while cities such as Brasília and São Paulo experience mild average temperatures. With high levels of humidity throughout the year, the Amazon Basin’s weather is wet and warm all year.

Weather and Climate Charts in Brazil

For the adventurous expat, Brazil holds a world of wonders. New arrivals moving to Brazil will soon settle into the rhythm of this dynamic South American country.

Fast facts

Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil

Population: Around 213 million

Capital city: Brasília

Other cities: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Fortaleza

Neighbouring countries: Brazil is bordered by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana to the north; Colombia to the northwest; Bolivia and Peru to the west; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; and Uruguay to the south.

Geography: Brazil occupies about half of South America, with a long coastal region to the east. It has a vast and complex network of rivers, including the famous Amazon River. About two-thirds of the massive Amazon rainforest is within Brazil’s borders. The rest of the country has a diverse geographical makeup ranging from plateaus and plains to mountains, hills, and highlands.

Political system: Federal presidential constitutional republic

Major religions: Roman Catholicism and Protestantism

Main language: Portuguese (official). English proficiency is generally low but is more commonly spoken in major business centres and tourist areas.

Money: The Brazilian Real (BRL) is divided into 100 centavos. You’ll need a residence visa valid for at least 12 months to open a bank account. ATMs are widely available, although some only operate during certain hours for safety reasons.

Tipping: A 10 percent service charge is commonly included in restaurant bills and is called taxa de serviço. You can choose to decline this charge, and additional tipping for exceptional service is appreciated but not mandatory.

Time: Brazil spans four time zones: GMT-2 (Fernando de Noronha), GMT-3 (Brasília time, covering most major cities), GMT-4 (Amazon time), and GMT-5 (Acre time in the far west).

Electricity: 110V/220V, 60Hz. Plugs with two or three round pins are generally used.

Internet domain: .br

International dialling code: +55

Emergency contacts: 190 (police), 192 (ambulance), 193 (fire)

Transport and driving: Motorists drive on the right-hand side of the road. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro have metro systems, with São Paulo’s being particularly extensive and reliable. Uber operates in over 100 Brazilian cities and is widely used. Smaller cities rely primarily on bus networks, and service quality varies considerably.

With an efficient and well-developed banking system, managing banking, money and taxes in Brazil is fairly straightforward for expats. A fair amount of documentation and bureaucracy is required, as is commonly the case with financial matters.

Currency in Brazil

The Brazilian currency is the real (BRL), which is divided into 100 centavos.

• Notes: BRL 2, BRL 5, BRL 10, BRL 20, BRL 50, BRL 100, and BRL 200
• Coins: 5 centavos, 10 centavos, 25 centavos, 50 centavos, and BRL 1

Banking in Brazil

Expats in Brazil have a variety of options and services available for managing their finances. Traditional banks like Banco do Brasil, Bradesco, Itaú, Santander, and Caixa Econômica dominate the market, and digital banks such as Nubank, Inter, C6 Bank, and PagBank have revolutionised banking with low fees and user-friendly apps. Banking can be costly, as traditional banks charge users a percentage for every transaction. Expats are advised to shop around to find out which bank will offer them the best deal for their needs.

Online banking is popular in Brazil, and PIX – Brazil’s instant payment system – has become the most widely used payment method since its launch in 2020. You can pay utility bills online and make instant transfers through PIX at any time, even outside banking hours. Expats should note that many online services are only available in Portuguese. Banking hours in Brazil are generally Monday to Friday, from 10am to 4pm.

Opening a bank account in Brazil

Opening a bank account in Brazil is straightforward. That said, you’ll need a residence visa to open an account. The CPF (Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas or taxpayer’s number) is absolutely essential – no bank account can be opened without one. Other required documents usually include a valid identity document, proof of domicile, and proof of residence. The documents necessary may differ depending on the bank and type of account in question.

ATMs and credit cards in Brazil

ATMs are widely available in Brazil. You can withdraw cash as well as make bill payments at ATMs.

Brazil has adopted digital payments through PIX, which allows instant transfers and payments using a phone number, email, CPF number, or QR code. Many Brazilians now prefer PIX to cash or cards for everyday transactions. Still, some parts of Brazil remain largely cash-based economies, so it’s wise to always carry sufficient cash on hand. International debit and credit cards are widely accepted in larger metropolitan areas.

Visas in Brazil

Taxes in Brazil

Brazil has a pay-as-you-earn (PAYE) tax system, whereby income tax is based on worldwide income and is generally paid monthly. Residents who pay income tax in Brazil are also required to file an annual income tax return. The Brazilian tax year is from January to December. Income tax rates range from 0 to 27.5 percent, and social security contributions are also deducted from salaries.

The rate at which expats pay tax in Brazil depends on their tax residency status. For tax purposes, a person is deemed a resident of Brazil if they hold a permanent visa, or if they hold a temporary visa and stay in Brazil for more than 183 days within a 12-month period.

Residents are required to pay tax on their income worldwide. Brazil has double taxation treaties with several countries, although notably not with the United States or the United Kingdom, which can leave expats from these countries at risk of double taxation.

Given the complexity of expat taxation in Brazil, expats should consider consulting with a tax professional who is familiar with the Brazilian tax system.

Working in Brazil

Healthcare in Brazil is available at both public and private institutions. Legal citizens and permanent residents can access free public healthcare at any government hospital. That said, the quality of service in the public healthcare sector tends to be below the standards you’d expect. If you can afford it, you’ll often want to get medical insurance and use private medical facilities instead.

Healthcare and Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro
Healthcare and Hospitals in São Paulo

Public healthcare in Brazil

Public hospitals in Brazil are decentralised, and their administrative responsibilities are separated at the state and municipal levels, with the federal government overseeing general policy. The Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) provides medical care, including hospitalisation, doctors’ visits, dentistry, maternity care, physical therapy and prescription medicines at no cost to patients.

Public hospitals in Brazil are generally overcrowded and underfunded. English-speaking doctors aren’t always available, particularly in hospitals outside the main metropolitan areas. Expats will need a National Health Identification card that’s available from any public healthcare facility. You’ll first need to obtain a CPF (Cadastro de Pessoa Física) tax identification number, then register at a local Basic Health Unit (UBS) with your CPF, proof of residence and identity documentation.

Visas and Residency in Brazil

Private healthcare in Brazil

While you’ll find private healthcare to be of a higher standard than public healthcare, it comes at a cost. Private healthcare in Brazil has earned the reputation of being among the most expensive in Latin America. You’re encouraged to secure private medical insurance to access private healthcare at a reasonable cost.

Thanks to the shorter waiting times, availability of English-speaking practitioners and excellent facilities, as well as medical equipment, private healthcare has gained popularity among expats in Brazil. The range of specialists available depends on the city. Larger cities have a variety of private practitioners to choose from, but fees are also higher. Smaller towns are cheaper, but there are fewer options.

Health insurance in Brazil

Due to the massive costs associated with private healthcare, health insurance is essential for expats in Brazil. There are a number of international health insurance companies for expats to choose from when looking for a healthcare plan in Brazil.

The amount expats will pay for their medical insurance will depend on the region they live in, the provider they choose and how comprehensive the coverage is. Some expats are lucky enough to have their health insurance covered by employers. Newcomers are encouraged to include an allowance during their contract negotiations.

Pharmacies in Brazil

There are many pharmacies in Brazil, particularly in the larger cities and towns. You can identify them by the green cross symbol displayed outside. Most general and prescription medicines are available at pharmacies. Some medications that are available over the counter in other countries may require a prescription in Brazil. The government continues to invest large amounts in the production of generic drugs to reduce the impact on consumers’ wallets.

Brazilian pharmacists tend to be knowledgeable and helpful. Pharmacies are generally open from early morning to well into the evening. Some pharmacies in the larger cities are open 24 hours a day.

Health hazards in Brazil

Mosquito-borne diseases are a significant risk in Brazil, particularly in tropical regions during the rainy season. Brazil had a severe dengue outbreak in 2024. There are no vaccines available for malaria or dengue fever, so make sure to take adequate precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

Outside major urban centres, food safety can also be an issue. Expats should be cautious and make sure that all food has been cooked through. Additionally, it’s recommended that expats stick to bottled or filtered water in most areas of the country.

Vaccinations for Brazil

The following vaccinations are typically recommended prior to travel to Brazil:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Typhoid
• Rabies
• Yellow fever
• Routine MMR and tetanus vaccines

The above list is only a guide. Expats should consult with a medical professional prior to departure for further information on vaccinations for Brazil.

Emergency services in Brazil

A public ambulance service, SAMU, is available throughout the country. This is available to all residents and can be contacted at 192. Most major private hospitals also have their own ambulance services, which can be called directly in the case of an emergency.

Expats working in Brazil are often attracted by its economic potential and business opportunities. The job market is competitive, although growth is slowing due to higher interest rates and fiscal challenges. This has partially been a result of structural problems such as slow-moving bureaucracy and infrastructural constraints.

Despite these challenges, the government continues to put effort into boosting growth by investing in large-scale infrastructure projects as well as scientific and technological development. This has attracted an increasingly skilled workforce.

Job market in Brazil

The majority of foreigners who find jobs in Brazil are highly skilled expats who work in industries with skills shortages. These include IT, engineering, pharmaceutical, automotive, construction, oil and gas. Qualified expats working as software developers and database specialists are highly sought-after. Jobs in finance and engineering are highly competitive.

The majority of expats working in Brazil are usually based in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo is the home of Brazil’s stock exchange and many multinational companies, and Rio hosts a fair few thriving oil companies.

Teaching English is also another option for expats moving to Brazil, especially those who want to get some initial work experience in the country. Expats should however be aware that teaching jobs are typically not high paying.

Working in São Paulo
Working in Rio de Janeiro

Finding a job in Brazil

Expats wanting to live and work in Brazil can use a number of digital resources in their job search. Online job platforms such as LinkedIn, Indeed Brazil, and Brazilian sites like Gupy and InfoJobs contain job listings across various sectors, although expats may need to enlist the help of someone fluent in Portuguese.

The most secure and probably best-paying option for employment in Brazil would be to get transferred to the country through an international company.

Online job postings on social media platforms such as LinkedIn and Indeed are also a good place to look, although expats should be wary of possible scammers.

Visas for Brazil
Work Permits for Brazil

Useful links

• LinkedIn Jobs
• Indeed Brazil
• Gupy
• InfoJobs Brazil

Work culture in Brazil

The Brazilian work environment is known for appearing very formal on the surface, with a much more casual atmosphere when it comes to personal interactions. Relationships are very important to Brazilians when doing business. Expats will have to put a lot of effort into networking if they want to be successful.

There are no set business hours in Brazil, although most businesses are open sometime between 8am and 6pm. Many businesses open from 8.30am to 5.30pm, with executives often starting and finishing work later. Lunch is usually taken between 12.30pm and 2.30pm.

While it is common for Brazilians to arrive late for social gatherings, expats should still ensure they arrive on time for meetings. The meeting proceedings are frequently informal, with everyone allowed to voice their opinion, although the final decision lies with the most senior person at the table.

Business Culture in Brazil

Expats will need a work visa for Brazil and have a temporary or permanent residence permit if they want to live and work in the country. As with many large countries, Brazil has its fair share of bureaucracy, particularly when dealing with government institutions. Getting a work permit for Brazil can be a lengthy process.

Working in Brazil

Types of work permits for Brazil

Brazil has several different categories of work permits. The most common is the VITEM V work visa for foreign professionals.

VITEM V work visa

This temporary work visa is for professionals under an employment contract, qualified professionals performing technical assistance to a Brazilian company, professionals performing technology transfer, and various other work categories. Visas are issued for up to one year, which is counted from the day of issue. The company in Brazil must first get approval from the Ministry of Justice and Public Security before you can apply for the visa.

Digital nomad visa (VITEM XIV)

The digital nomad visa is for professionals whose work can be performed remotely and who intend to live in Brazil. You need to meet a minimum monthly income threshold and/or have a certain amount of available bank funds. The visa is valid for one year and can be renewed for an additional year. You must work for a foreign employer – you can’t request this visa if you work for a company in Brazil.

Permanent work visa

After four years of continuous employment in Brazil, expats become eligible to apply for permanent residency. This provides indefinite residence rights and greater security and flexibility.

Read more: Visas and Residency in Brazil

Applying for a work permit for Brazil

The application procedure for a temporary work visa starts in Brazil. The Brazilian sponsoring company submits the application and supporting documents to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Once authorisation has been granted and received by the embassy, you can submit the appropriate documentation for issuance of the visa.

Several documents are required, including your passport (valid for no less than six months), a recent photo, a completed visa application form, an original police record, and an original birth certificate. Documents may need to be translated into Portuguese and certified, so check this with your potential employer.

Once approved, work permits are generally valid for two years and can be renewed once. Within 90 days of arrival in Brazil, bearers of work visas must register with the Brazilian Immigration authorities (Federal Police) in the place where they intend to take up residence.

Useful links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Work visa information
• Ministry of Labour: Work permit approvals
• Federal Police: Immigration registration
• Brazil eVisa Portal: Visa applications

Work permit requirements are subject to change at short notice, and expats are advised to contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Expats can expect their adjustment to local culture in Brazil to come slowly but surely. Most find that the initial honeymoon stage of living in Brazil lasts quite a while, and the later stages of culture shock are more difficult.

Brazilian locals are incredibly welcoming and friendly. Expats who have a positive attitude and are eager to learn about the local culture will have a smoother transition into life in Brazil.

Meeting and greeting in Brazil

Be prepared for lots of physical contact, especially when greeting in Brazil. Brazilians will often greet each other with a kiss or a hug. It’s also common for both men and women to either pat someone on the shoulder or place their hand on their hand or arm to make a point. Even in crowds, Brazilians maintain much less physical distance than expats from Europe or North America might find comfortable.

Learning the correct way to greet and address people is essential to living in Brazil. A stereotypical Brazilian greeting is the ‘air kiss’ – a kiss hello on each cheek. While this is a fun way to greet people, be sure to learn the appropriate contexts.

Brazilians are very appearance-conscious. As such, you may be on the receiving end of what seems like overly forward or brutally honest comments about your health, weight, or hairstyle. Don’t take this personally.

Cultural differences in Brazil

Perhaps the biggest factor contributing to culture shock in Brazil is its social inequality. Brazil may be a world economic powerhouse, but the disparity between its rich and poor is blatantly obvious. Huge slums, or favelas, are visible in most large cities.

Expats can generally afford to live comfortably in Brazil. Domestic help is easily obtained, and overseas and regional trips are the norm. For high earners, private healthcare is easily accessible, as are private schools.

Healthcare and Health Insurance in Brazil
Education and Schools in Brazil

Bureaucracy in Brazil

Another aspect of life in Brazil that may initially take some getting used to is the many levels of bureaucracy in government institutions. This is particularly evident to expats who apply for a residency visa. In recent years, some modernisation of e-visa systems for certain nationalities has been seen, but the general level of bureaucratic complexity has not improved much.

Brazilians try to maintain a balance in their social relations and general day-to-day activities. Business meetings are important, but so is football and family time. Expats will be impressed by the Brazilian people’s resilience and positive outlook – qualities that prove useful when dealing with bureaucratic red tape.

Residency Visas in Brazil
Work Permits in Brazil

Language barrier in Brazil

The language barrier in Brazil is more significant than many expats expect, and Portuguese is necessary rather than optional. Brazil ranks among the world’s lowest countries for English proficiency, with only about 1 percent of the population speaking English fluently. Even in larger cities, English proficiency is largely restricted to wealthier Brazilians, and rural areas have virtually no English speakers.

Learning Portuguese before you arrive isn’t just helpful – it’s practically necessary for daily life. As Brazil has so many enclaves filled with expats from different cultures, Portuguese becomes the common language that connects everyone, not English.

Time in Brazil

As with many other South American destinations, locals in Brazil take a particularly relaxed attitude towards time. It’s not unusual for Brazilians to show up anywhere from 15 to 45 minutes late to social events. While being late for social occasions is fairly common, punctuality will be expected of you in formal situations.

Spending hours at a social dinner is an important aspect of life in Brazil. Weekend afternoon naps are common, although Brazil doesn’t have the formal siesta tradition found in other Latin cultures.

Religion in Brazil

Brazil is home to one of the world’s largest Catholic communities, although the trends are changing. Recent surveys show that approximately half of Brazilians identify as Catholic, down from historical highs, and Protestant and Evangelical denominations have grown to around one-fifth of the population.

Many locals practice their Catholic faith alongside indigenous Amerindian spiritual traditions. Expats might find these unique religious expressions unfamiliar at first, and taking time to understand them will help you settle in. Despite this strong Catholic heritage, Brazil guarantees religious freedom, and you’ll find communities of virtually every faith represented.

LGBTQ+ in Brazil

There are conflicting circumstances for LGBTQ+ people in Brazil. The country legalised same-sex marriage in 2013 and has large Pride celebrations in major cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, but acceptance varies significantly across the country. Urban areas tend to be more progressive, and rural and conservative regions may be less welcoming.

São Paulo hosts the world’s largest Pride parade, drawing around 3 million participants each year. Rio’s Ipanema beach has maintained a well-known LGBTQ+ section for decades.

The legal framework provides anti-discrimination protections, but states vary on how strongly they enforce these. Brazil records concerning levels of anti-LGBTQ+ violence, so connecting with local community groups is wise for safety and support.

LGBTQ+, Diversity and Inclusion in Brazil

Women in Brazil

Many male expats find Brazil relatively easy to adjust to, but female expats often find it considerably more difficult.

Like many Latin American countries, Brazil is influenced by machismo culture and patriarchal religious values that still shape social expectations. Recent employment data shows this disparity clearly: over 70 percent of men have formal employment, compared to only 50 percent of women, and women are underrepresented in management and leadership positions.

Change is happening, but slowly. You’ll find women’s advocacy groups and professional networks in major cities that support career advancement and workplace equality.

Gender Equality and Women in Leadership in Brazil

The weather and climate in Brazil are quite varied due to its large size. The country has five main climatic zones. While some areas are typically hot all year round, others are more subject to seasonal variations.

São Paulo and Brasília are situated on a plateau, enjoying mild weather, with average temperatures around 67°F (19°C) for São Paulo and 70°F (21°C) for Brasília. Coastal regions and cities, like Rio de Janeiro, have warmer climates. Temperatures in Rio are often around 86°F (30°C) in summer. You should stay hydrated and indoors on especially hot days. The yearly average is a pleasant 80°F (26°C).

The subtropical climate in the south means that summers are hot and winters can get slightly chilly. Temperatures from July to August can drop below freezing. You may occasionally find yourself waking up to morning frost.

The Amazon Basin experiences warm and wet weather all year round. It is known for incredibly high levels of humidity, and the temperature tends to hover around 77°F (25°C). The Equatorial Amazon gets a lot of rain from December to May, while June to October are the best months to travel to this region, as they are the driest.

Expats living in Brazil will find that while they can immerse themselves in their adopted home, keeping in touch with everyone back home is also made easy thanks to the country’s well-developed telecommunications and internet resources.

Internet in Brazil

High-speed internet is readily available and fairly reliable in most Brazilian cities. You’ll find several broadband access options available for home use. Service can be fairly expensive depending on your desired download speed. Some providers offer bundles with multiple services, such as internet, cable and phone. This can often work out cheaper than paying for services individually. In rural areas of Brazil, the infrastructure is less developed.

WiFi availability is constantly increasing in major cities and tourist destinations. A range of locations, from coffee shops to public parks, offer free WiFi hotspots.

Online censorship

Brazil generally maintains open internet access, although isolated platform restrictions have occurred. X (formerly Twitter) was banned in August 2024 due to non-compliance with court orders but was restored in October 2024 after compliance. Telegram was briefly blocked for two days in 2022 before meeting regulatory requirements. Data sharing disputes led to WhatsApp being temporarily blocked in 2015 and 2016.

Useful links

• Anatel: Consumer Internet Information
• Vivo: Internet Plans
• Claro: Broadband Services
• NET: Internet Services

Mobile phones in Brazil

The mobile phone industry in Brazil continues to grow steadily with ongoing infrastructure investment. Service providers and the government continue to invest in improved service, but throughout the country, cellular coverage ranges from excellent to nonexistent.

Mobile phone use in Brazil is high. All types of mobile phones, from the most basic to the highest-quality smartphones, are available. With the government imposing high import taxes on electronic devices manufactured outside Brazil, they tend to be exorbitantly priced. It may be best for expats to bring an unlocked phone from their home country.

You can choose between prepaid and postpaid plans with any of the major providers. Prepaid options offer flexibility for short-term stays, while postpaid plans typically provide better value for heavy users. Plans tend to include a combination of calls, messaging, and data.

Useful links

• Anatel: Mobile Phone Consumer Guide
• Vivo: Mobile Plans and Services
• Claro: Mobile Phone Plans
• TIM: Mobile Plans

Postal services in Brazil

Brazil has a well-developed postal service. Post offices are plentiful, and the mailing of letters and packages is relatively simple. The service can be slow but is generally reliable.

Receiving packages can present some challenges for expats, as Brazil has steep import taxes. Packages sent from abroad may be subject to fees multiple times the value of the contents. Under the current system, packages valued up to USD 50 are subject to a 20 percent import tax. Any package stopped by customs will also take longer to arrive than expected.

Useful links

• Correios: Official Brazilian Postal Service
• Federal Revenue: International Package Regulations

English media in Brazil

International and local news sources are widely accessible in Brazil. You can reach online sources from almost anywhere. In cities, newsstands will sell a range of Brazilian newspapers and magazines. Larger stands and bookshops will have foreign titles available as well.

The Rio Times is Brazil’s main English-language newspaper. International streaming services like Netflix and Amazon Prime operate in Brazil, although some content may differ from other regions due to licensing agreements.

Useful links

• The Rio Times: English News from Brazil
• Brasil de Fato: English Section

Despite the country’s largely positive economic development in recent years, public education and schooling in Brazil is underfunded and mired in social and structural problems. Classes at public schools are taught in Portuguese. Most expats choose to send their children to private or international schools in Brazil, of which there are many to choose from.

Public schools in Brazil

The standard of education at Brazilian public schools is low in general. There are often reports of overcrowding and a lack of materials. The National Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) evaluates school quality across the country.

You have the option to enrol children who are under six in educação infantil. Schooling is mandatory for children between the ages of six and 17 (ensino básico and ensino médio). Ensino básico covers ages 6 to 14, followed by ensino médio (secondary school) from age 15 to 17.

Due to the demand for space, some Brazilian schools run two or three separate school sessions per day to accommodate the large number of students, with children attending one session per day.

Useful links

• Ministry of Education Brazil (MEC)

Private schools in Brazil

Brazilian private schools generally follow the Brazilian local curriculum. Some private schools have a religious foundation or offer bilingual instruction. Some expats prefer to send their children to private schools due to the lower fees compared to international schools.

International schools in Brazil

There are several international schools in Brazil. They are largely concentrated in the main cities of Brasília, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

Most international schools in Brazil follow the British or American curriculum, although there are some that cater to other nationalities, including French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Another popular programme is the International Baccalaureate.

Due to the higher standard of education offered at international schools in Brazil, wealthy Brazilians often choose to educate their children at these institutions. Many international schools have a multicultural student body with children from all over the world. High demand means that popular international schools, particularly in São Paulo, often have waiting lists.

Best International Schools in São Paulo
Best International Schools in Rio de Janeiro

Special educational needs in Brazil

While the Brazilian constitution states that children with physical or mental special educational needs should be integrated into the public school system, there are limited state-supplied resources for children with special needs in Brazil. Those that do exist are offered in Portuguese.

Private and international schools may have more support available, although this does vary between schools. Expat parents are advised to research options thoroughly to ensure their children will be well catered for.

Useful links

• Disability Resources in Brazil

Tutors in Brazil

There are countless tutors and tutor companies in Brazil to choose from. Expats and locals alike can benefit in many ways from hiring a tutor. Even European Portuguese speakers may not find it as easy to pick up Brazilian Portuguese as expected. In these cases, a tutor is an ideal way to help you adjust.

For students, tutors can help prepare for big exams, adjust to their new curriculum, tackle a problem subject, or maintain fluency in their mother tongue.

Useful links

• Preply
• Rio & Learn Portuguese Language School
• italki

The process for getting a visa for Brazil has undergone many changes in recent years. Previously, almost all travellers needed a visa to enter the country, but the Brazilian government recently waived the visa requirements for many foreigners. Expats should contact their local Brazilian embassy to find out which visa rules apply to them.

If you’re hoping to make a more permanent move to Brazil, prepare yourself for a long and drawn-out visa application process. It is advisable to make use of the services of an immigration lawyer to make the process less stressful.

Relocation Companies in Brazil

Short-term visas for Brazil

Expats looking to get a short-term visa for Brazil should contact their local embassy. Travellers from certain countries don’t need a visa to enter Brazil and can get visa-free entry at the border. These countries include the US, UK, South Africa, New Zealand and Ireland.

Visa-free travellers and those with a visit visa are allowed to stay in Brazil for up to 90 days.

Tourist visas

Visas may be extended by another 90 days. For tourist visas, you’ll need a passport valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date and proof of sufficient funds for your stay. When applying in person, processing takes up to five business days. When applying by mail or drop box, processing takes up to 10 business days from package arrival.

Business visas

Business visitors may need additional documentation, including a letter of invitation from the Brazilian company you’ll be visiting. Some business activities may be covered under the general tourist visa. Business visas follow the same 90-day validity period as tourist visas.

Temporary work and study visas

Other temporary visas allow holders to stay in Brazil legally for more than 90 days. There are several types available, including work visas, student visas, and digital nomad visas. The digital nomad visa was introduced in 2022. Student and work visas are valid for the duration of the course or employment contract.

Read more: Work Permits for Brazil

Permanent visas for Brazil

If you wish to live in Brazil long-term, you can apply for a permanent visa. The requirements for permanent visas are quite stringent. If you wish to apply for any permanent visa, be prepared for a long wait with bureaucratic processes and extensive paperwork.

Investment visas (VIPER) are for foreign investors who make substantial investments in Brazilian businesses or real estate.

If you’re married to a Brazilian citizen or have Brazilian family members, you may be eligible for permanent residency through family reunification. You need proof of the relationship, and marriage certificates or birth certificates must be legalised and translated.

Foreign retirees with adequate pension income may apply for permanent residency in Brazil. You need a monthly income that meets the threshold and can be transferred to Brazil.

Residence permits for Brazil

Once you arrive in Brazil with either type of visa, you must register with the Brazilian Federal Police within 90 days. This registration gives you your National Migration Registry Card (CRNM), formerly known as the RNE. This physical card serves as your official residence permit and identity document whilst living in Brazil.

To get a CRNM, you need a valid passport, proof of legal entry into Brazil, and completed application forms. You may also need additional documents specific to your visa category.

You must renew it at the Federal Police three months before the expiration date. You need updated documentation and proof that you continue to meet your visa requirements.

Useful links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Official visa information
• Brazil eVisa Portal: Electronic visa applications
• Federal Police: Immigration and residence permits

Visa and work permit requirements are subject to change at short notice, and expats are advised to contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Expats shouldn’t struggle to find accommodation in Brazil. There is generally a wide variety of options, including apartments, condominiums, and houses. Prices vary throughout the country, as larger cities tend to be much more expensive than smaller coastal ones.

Renting Accommodation in São Paulo 
Renting Accommodation in Rio de Janeiro

Types of accommodation in Brazil

Expats in larger cities, such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, typically live in apartments, condominiums or houses in gated communities. Gated communities are especially popular as they offer security and many shared amenities such as swimming pools. Some apartment complexes and gated communities will have a doorman for added security.

Detached homes are not a commonality in major cities and are often found in smaller towns and cities and rural areas. Expats considering single-family homes should be aware that these houses typically do not have central heating or insulation, making them more vulnerable to the elements.

Young and single expats may benefit from sharing an apartment in the larger cities. This will decrease their cost of living and help them build their social circle.

Cost of Living in Brazil

Furnished or unfurnished

Furnished accommodation for long-term rent in Brazil is very rare. Most apartments and houses are rented unfurnished. They may even exclude light fittings and kitchen appliances. Typically, electricity and other services will also have been disconnected.

Furnished long-term rentals are few and far between. They typically come equipped with big-ticket furniture items such as sofas, beds, and televisions, and often appliances; expats will only need to bring linen in some cases. While this is convenient for expats who are only in Brazil for the short term, furnished accommodation is usually pricier but will often include utilities in the rental price as well.

Short lets

Brazil offers a fair few short-term accommodation options, including hotels, motels, pousadas (bed and breakfasts) and hostels. These options all range in comfort and expense levels, with hotels typically being the priciest and hostels the most affordable and least comfortable.

Short lets can be fantastic for new arrivals to Brazil who want to get a sense of an area before making a long-term commitment, or those who will only be in the country for a few months. Airbnb is one of the most popular platforms for finding short lets, and it is frequently more affordable than hotels.

Useful links

• Airbnb Brazil
• Vrbo
• Booking.com

Finding accommodation in Brazil

Some good ways to search for properties in Brazil include local newspapers, online property portals, and even word of mouth. There are many useful websites, although to get better prices, it’s best to use Portuguese sites rather than English ones aimed at foreigners.

Some expats find that hiring an experienced agent instead of going it alone can be immensely helpful. However, expats should be warned that the fees for their services can be high. Many rental agencies and landlords are unlikely to speak English, so when searching for an apartment, it’s worth taking someone who can speak Portuguese to assist with translation and interpretation.

Expats should never commit to a rental or pay any money without viewing the property in person first to avoid falling victim to a scam.

Relocation Companies in Brazil

Useful links

• Zap imóveis
• Vivareal
• OLX
• ImovelWeb

Renting accommodation in Brazil

To sign a lease, foreigners require a Brazilian Identity Card (Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas or CPF), which typically takes a few weeks to several months to finalise. Many people on a corporate assignment, therefore, live in a hotel or temporary accommodation until their residency papers are finalised.

Leases

The duration of a lease is normally two to three years, although short-term rentals are often available in coastal towns. Many properties are owned by foreigners or wealthy Brazilians who only use them for a few months of the year.

The rental contract (Contrato de Locação de Imóvel) is signed by the landlord and the lessee. Rental agreements are usually written in Portuguese, so it is recommended that expats who do not understand Portuguese have the contract translated or explained to them by a friend, co-worker or independent translation company before signing anything.

References and background checks

Expats renting in Brazil for the first time will need to prove they have a strong work history in the country. Otherwise, they will need one or two fiadors (guarantors) to sign the lease with them. Newcomers will also need to produce proof of income and proof of possession of the deposit. Additionally, some landlords may require tenants to provide a police clearance certificate.

Deposits

Renting property in Brazil can be expensive, although rental prices are often negotiable. A deposit equivalent to one to three months’ rent is normally expected. By law, landlords should put the deposit into a separate savings account. Any interest earned on the deposit is the renter’s once the contract has been terminated.

Pets

Many apartments and landlords restrict pets, although this must be explicitly stated in the rental contract. Expats can negotiate with their landlord to bring their furry friends with them. Landlords who will allow pets will usually require a pet deposit to ensure that any damage that may occur is covered.

Termination of the lease

Tenants can give their landlord at least 30 days’ notice should they wish to terminate the lease early. However, they must be prepared to forfeit their deposit as charges and taxes to the landlord. Should the landlord wish for the lease agreement to be terminated at the end of its duration, they will need to give the tenant three months’ notice. Expats are required to submit a written notice to the landlord.

Upon vacating the property, expats are encouraged to get it professionally cleaned to ensure they leave it in the same condition they found it in. It is also important to go through the inventory with the landlord to certify that everything is in order and avoid incurring unjust deductions from the deposit.

Useful links

• Ministry of Justice and Public Security

Utilities in Brazil

Electricity, water and any other utilities are usually excluded from the rental price. These need to be paid on top of the monthly rental. Expats may also need to pay property tax and condominium charges, if stipulated in the rental agreement, over and above rental fees and utilities.

Electricity

The electricity supply in Brazil is controlled on a state level, with each state having companies that provide power through a regulated distribution system. ANEEL, the federal energy regulator, oversees the market. Light serves most of Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo is primarily served by Enel, which acquired the former AES Eletropaulo operations.

Brazil uses a combination of 127V and 220V systems; most states use 127V, but fortunately, most electrical appliances have a conversion switch. This makes it easier to travel between different regions. Some parts of Brazil have been known to have unstable power supply, which makes electrical surges common in these areas. Expats are encouraged to purchase and install a voltage regulator.

Gas

It’s not typical for gas to run through a main line in Brazil; it is rather sold in a tank and distributed by private companies. The biggest gas distributors in Brazil are Liquigás and Ultragaz, and these companies usually send trucks that play a jingle through Brazil’s neighbourhood streets to inform residents that they can exchange their empty gas tanks for full ones.

Water

Similar to electricity, water in Brazil is supplied by regional private and state-run companies. São Paulo receives its water supply from Sabesp (privatised in 2024), while Brasília is served by Caesb, and the water bill will often be included as part of the monthly condominium charge.

Upon moving in, expats can arrange with their building supervisor to have the water connected. Those who are moving into a detached home can call their regional water provider to arrange a new account under their name.

Telephone and internet

Expats will have a multitude of telephone and internet suppliers to choose from in Brazil. Fibre optic internet is now the dominant connection type in Brazil, with broadband widely available across major cities. The most common providers include Vivo, Claro, and regional ISPs. Well-known suppliers include Telefonica Brasil, Terra and UOL.

Keeping in Touch in Brazil

Bins and recycling

Waste removal and recycling differ in each state, with some states providing two waste collection trucks – one for food waste and non-recyclable waste and the other for glass, paper, cans and plastics. There are also people who collect recyclable materials, known as catadores, to sell to recycling companies that extract the raw materials from them. Expats are encouraged to visit the websites of their respective states and municipalities to learn more about waste collection and recycling.

Useful links

• Light and Enel
• Liquigás and Ultragaz
• Sabesp and Caesb

Despite the country’s natural beauty and friendly people, there are safety challenges in Brazil continues to experience challenges with social inequality and poverty. An unfortunate consequence of this has been the country’s continuously high crime rates. Safety and security in Brazil is, therefore, a concern for many expats contemplating a move there and a reality that cannot be ignored.

Crime in Brazil

Crime levels are still a concern in Brazilian cities, although the country has seen improvements in recent years. Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo continue to experience regular incidents of pickpocketing, robbery, assault, burglary, and murder. Crime rates are slightly lower in other cities, such as Brasília and Recife, although states like Bahia and Pernambuco also report significant crime numbers.

Mobile street gangs and organised criminal groups generally operate from within densely packed and typically low-income parts of the city known as favelas. Foreigners have traditionally been advised not to enter, but with ongoing police presence through programmes like the Pacifying Police Units (UPP), it isn’t uncommon for expats to visit or even live in a favela. The safety situation is complex and can vary significantly between different communities, so check in with locals who know the area.

Most crimes are opportunistic, taking place in popular tourist areas and on crowded public transport. Hotspots for these crimes include beaches, hotels, bars, and nightclubs. Keep your valuables out of sight when driving, as incidents of smash-and-grabs and carjackings are not unheard of.

For safety reasons, many expats in Brazil’s larger cities live in apartments or houses in secure, closed compounds that have 24/7 security.

Kidnappings in Brazil

Incidents of kidnapping have been known to occur in Brazil, particularly ‘express kidnappings’. This type of crime involves the victim being held at gunpoint for a short period and taken to an ATM to withdraw cash or to shops to use their credit cards.

A variant of express kidnappings that has more recently emerged is ‘flash kidnapping’, where criminals force an individual to use a common cash transfer app to send them a large amount of money. There have also been reports of cryptocurrency-related kidnappings targeting people known to hold digital assets.

The best tactic to avoid becoming a victim is to be aware of your surroundings and only use ATMs in well-populated places during daylight hours.

Banking, Money, and Taxes in Brazil

Road and transport safety in Brazil

Brazil has an extensive road network, and there are ongoing infrastructure improvements. Road conditions vary significantly across the country. Major highways are generally well-maintained, particularly those managed by private companies. Road markings and lighting can be inconsistent in many areas.

Brazilian drivers are notorious for driving aggressively though. Exercise caution and drive defensively in Brazil. Leave extra space between vehicles, as motorcycles frequently weave through traffic. Be prepared for sudden lane changes. Due to the driving conditions, you may want to reconsider your need to drive, and rather make use of the public transport system if possible, or hire a local driver who better acquainted with the surroundings.

The Brazilian public transport system is generally safe, although experiences vary by city and type of transport. City buses run frequently and are reliable in most areas. Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo’s metro systems are safer alternatives to street-level transport. Still, be aware of the risk of pickpocketing at crowded transport hubs and on buses and trains, and be particularly aware during peak hours.

Public Transport, Driving and Driver’s Licences in Brazil

Safety tips for Brazil

Here are a few basic safety tips to help you stay safe in Brazil:

• Expensive jewellery and equipment should be kept out of view. These items make a person an attractive target for criminals.
• Avoid ATMs in isolated areas, especially at night. It’s best to choose an ATM in a hotel, bank branch, or well-lit shopping centre. Be cautious of card skimming devices and cover your PIN when entering it. Be aware that scammers may also approach you claiming there’s an issue with the machine.
• Avoid walking alone at night. If travelling at night, use a taxi or ride-sharing app rather than other forms of public transport.
• Be careful when leaving and arriving home. Before leaving, make sure there is no one outside who could pose a threat, and when arriving home, make sure that no one has followed you.
• Avoid using mobile phones in the street and keep cameras out of sight when they are not in use. When you must use your phone, duck into a shop or restaurant.
• When stuck in traffic or stopped at traffic lights, be vigilant as carjackings and hold-ups may occur at intersections. Keep doors locked and windows up.
• Be cautious of dating app scams and approaches from strangers in bars or nightclubs, particularly during major events like Carnival. Criminals may use drugging tactics or romantic approaches to target visitors.
• Share your travel plans with trusted contacts and consider using your phone’s emergency SOS feature, which can quickly alert authorities and your emergency contacts.
• Use secure messaging apps like WhatsApp to stay in touch with contacts, and save important local emergency numbers in your phone.