Expats moving to Algeria can look forward to living in a fascinating and untouched North African gem. This large country boasts both gorgeous Mediterranean coasts to the north and the vast Sahara Desert to the south. The majority of the population generally sticks to the coastal region, where the weather is more forgiving and arable land is plentiful.

Living in Algeria as an expat

Although Algeria is a North African Arabic country, there is also a distinct French influence, owing to its colonial past. This is especially noticeable in the language and architecture. While major cities such as Algiers and Oran are somewhat progressive on the surface, social and religious conservatism is deeply entrenched, and expats should always show respect for the local customs and traditions.

While not a high-profile expat destination, it does attract those with experience in the oil and gas sectors. Others are drawn to job opportunities in the finance, education, and foreign aid sectors. 

Security is a significant issue in some parts of Algeria, mainly in the oil-producing regions and the southern Saharan areas. Certain regions of the country are not considered safe to visit, notably the border areas in the south and with Tunisia.

Local Culture in Algeria
Working in Algeria

Cost of living in Algeria

The cost of living in Algeria is low, reflecting the country's status as one of the most affordable expat destinations in the world. While housing is likely to be the most considerable expense, expats who shop locally should find their everyday expenses relatively cheap.

International school fees are high, but expats may be able to work education costs into their benefits. All in all, salaries are generally more than enough for expats to live comfortably in Algeria.

Cost of Living in Algeria
Expat Accommodation in Algeria

Expat families and children in Algeria

You’ll have access to public healthcare in Algeria, but the public system is largely underfunded and might not be up to the standards you’re used to. It's essential to have comprehensive private health insurance to cover the costs of private medical care, including cover for emergency medical evacuation to a nearby country with better health provisions.

With an education system based on the French model and classes taught in Arabic and French, expats mainly send their children to international schools, with a fair few to choose from in Algiers and Oran.

Healthcare in Algeria
Education and Schools in Algeria

Climate in Algeria

As Algeria is so vast, the country's climate differs from region to region. While the northern coastal areas have a warm Mediterranean climate, the central parts of the country are hotter and dryer, with colder winters. The weather in the Saharan region of the country, however, is characterised by extraordinarily high summer temperatures during the day and freezing winter nights.

Climate Chart for Algeria

With its rich, diverse culture and openness to the world, Algeria offers plenty for those considering the move. Its position in Africa and proximity to Europe make it the perfect place for anyone wanting to settle into a simple life in an area they can easily explore. 

Fast facts

Population: Nearly 45 million

Capital: Algiers (also the largest city)

Neighbouring countries: Algeria is bordered by Tunisia to the northeast, Libya to the east, Morocco to the west, Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali to the southwest, and Niger to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea borders the north of Algeria. 

Geography: Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land mass and is covered mainly by the Sahara Desert. The Atlas Mountains sit to the north, with the highest point being Mount Tahat. The country enjoys a vast coastline along the Mediterranean Sea.

Political system: Unitary semi-presidential republic

Major languages: Arabic and Berber are the official languages. French is also widely spoken.

Major religion: Sunni Islam

Money: Algeria's official currency is the Dinar (DZD). Although credit cards are accepted in major cities, cash is the preferred payment method. Expats with valid identity documents and proof of address should have no trouble opening a bank account in Algeria.

Time zone: GMT+1

Electricity: 230V 50Hz. Algeria uses the European plug, type C.

International dialling code: +213

Internet domain: .dz

Emergency numbers: 14 for ambulance and fire, 1055 for Gendarme (national police in rural areas), and 17 or 1548 for police.

Transport and driving: Cars in Algeria drive on the right-hand side of the road. Taxis are plentiful in main cities, but expats will likely need their own vehicle, especially if travelling to more remote areas.

With such a large territory, the weather and climate in Algeria have significant variations. The northern coastal regions, which include the capital city Algiers, enjoy a Mediterranean climate, with mild and wet winters balanced out by hot summers. Temperatures average around 54°F (12°C) in winter and 79°F (26°C) in summer.

The central parts of the country have a continental climate, being both warmer and drier than the north. Winter temperatures in this region average around 43°F (6°C), with frost and occasional snowfall. Summers average a warm 82°F (28°C).

The huge Saharan area has a desert climate with sweltering summer temperatures that turn incredibly cold during winter nights. Temperatures range from 14°F to 93°F (-10°C to 34°C), and oppressive highs of 120°F (49°C) aren't uncommon. The area also suffers from frequent and violent winds.

Algeria often experiences heat waves during the summer months. Expats should stay out of the sun and ensure they are hydrated during the day.

There is a variety of accommodation in Algeria for you to choose from, with housing types largely depending on where you opt to settle and the kind of work you do. Those living in the main cities will likely live in apartments or large freestanding houses, while expats working in the more remote oilfields will probably live within secure compounds managed by their companies.

Types of accommodation in Algeria

Algerian cities offer several types of accommodation, including studios, apartments, houses, and villas. Both furnished and unfurnished accommodation is available, with the former being the more popular choice among expats.

Security is always an important consideration when searching for accommodation in Algeria. Those who work in the oilfields, in particular, will likely be housed in heavily secured compound accommodation.

Furnished and unfurnished

Furnished properties are pricey, but come equipped with furniture, appliances, and other essentials, making it convenient for expats who do not wish to invest in these items or transport their belongings. Unfurnished properties, on the other hand, offer flexibility for those who prefer to bring their furniture or customise their living space to their liking.

Short lets

Short-term leases are also available, and are a good choice if you plan to stay in Algeria for a limited period or are still exploring other accommodation options. These leases can range from a few weeks to a few months and often come with furnished accommodations. They provide greater flexibility and ease if you still need to relocate within the country or are on a temporary work assignment.

Finding accommodation in Algeria

It is important to note that knowledge of French and some understanding of the local housing market and residential neighbourhoods are essential when searching for housing online.

Enlisting the services of a local real-estate agent, or, if you’re lucky, your moving company, can greatly assist in navigating the process. You might also be able to rely on assistance from your employer when searching for a home.

Many popular real estate websites offer listings for expat accommodation in Algeria, providing an excellent starting point.

Useful links

• LKeria.com
• Paruvendu.fr

Renting accommodation in Algeria

Leases

Leases in Algeria are typically signed on a one-year basis, but you may also find month-to-month rentals. Lease agreements are usually drawn up in Arabic, making it essential to have them translated into English to ensure you fully understand your obligations. Real-estate agents can also assist with this process, providing a smooth and informed experience.

Deposits, costs, and fees

Paying a year's rent in advance is not unusual in Algeria, although expats renting on a short-term lease will most likely be able to pay rent each month. It is also required to pay a deposit equal to a month's rent when signing the lease.

This deposit is refunded once the lease has ended and the tenant hasn't damaged the premises during their occupation period. On top of rent and the deposit, tenants are also responsible for agent fees.

Terminating the lease

If you need to terminate your lease early, you should be aware of any potential penalties or conditions outlined in the lease agreement. Providing proper notice and discussing the situation with the landlord or property management company can help minimise any financial impact.

It is essential to be familiar with the lease terms and local regulations to avoid complications during the termination process.

Utilities in Algeria

In Algeria, tenants are responsible for managing and paying for their utilities, unless they reside in a secure compound where utilities are included in the rental agreement. This means that expats living in compounds do not need to worry about setting up accounts or paying for individual utilities, as the management company or landlord takes care of these expenses.

Electricity and gas

Natural gas is the primary source of energy for heating and cooking in Algeria. The state-owned company Sonelgaz is the primary provider of gas services in the country. To set up a gas connection, you’ll need to contact Sonelgaz and provide the necessary documents, such as a lease agreement or proof of residence. Electricity in Algeria is also supplied by Sonelgaz and operates on a 230V system with a frequency of 50Hz.

Water

The Algerian Water (AdE) authority manages water supply and distribution in Algeria. As with gas, you’ll have to provide the necessary documents, including the lease agreement and proof of residence, in order to get your water line up and running.

Bins and recycling

Waste collection and disposal services are managed by local municipalities in Algeria. In most urban areas, waste collection occurs regularly, while recycling facilities are limited.

Useful links

• Sonelgaz
• Algerian Water

Finding high-quality education and schools in Algeria can be a challenge. New arrivals to the country are unlikely to send their children to a local Algerian school unless their young ones have a background in Algerian or Arabic culture or language or are proficient in Arabic or French. In public schools, English is only taught from middle school onwards.

When living in Algeria's main cities, you’ll have a handful of international schools to choose from. For security and practical reasons, expats working in the oilfields or beyond Algiers or Oran are unlikely to have their families with them.

Public schools in Algeria

The Algerian government has been committed to improving the public education system, which is based on the French model. There are nine years of primary and three years of secondary education. Schooling is free and compulsory for children between six and 16 in Algeria, but enrolment can be low after primary school.

The language of instruction in public schools is Arabic, with French as the first additional language. Schools also may not function at the level that most expats would expect. For these reasons, it's rare for expats to send their children to public schools in Algeria.

International schools in Algeria

There are a few international schools in Algeria, most of which can be found in the capital, Algiers. Some schools follow American or British curricula with English-speaking programmes, while others offer the International Baccalaureate or follow the French or Arabic education systems. If possible, choose a school that follows your home country's curriculum to help ease your children's transition into life in Algeria.

As is the case globally, international schools in Algeria offer excellent facilities and standards of education, but are pricey, and places may be limited. Be sure to plan well ahead and, if moving as part of an international relocation, negotiate school fees as part of your contract.

Special educational needs in Algeria

The Algerian government has implemented an inclusion policy to accommodate children with special educational needs in mainstream schools. Although children with special needs are being enrolled in public schools, the institutions are not always sufficiently equipped to assist with these children's educational needs.

That said, specific special-needs schools are available in Algeria, as well as trained professionals who can provide private tutoring for children with special educational needs.

Tutors in Algeria

Tutors in Algeria can mainly be found online. Apprentus and TeacherOn are two such sites that register and advertise tutoring services in the country. Depending on the type of service you’re looking for, tutors can teach online or at a private studio or visit your home for one-on-one sessions. 

Tutors are useful for helping children adapt to new school curricula or a new language of instruction. This may be helpful to parents who want their children to pick up Arabic or French, or help them follow a different curriculum from their previous schools.

Useful links

• Apprentus
• TeacherOn

The local culture in Algeria is a fascinating mix of African and Arab characteristics, with a strong French influence, and can take some getting used to, especially if you’ve never lived in a predominantly Muslim country before. Islam significantly influences the nation's customs, so expats from different cultural backgrounds may need time to adapt.

Language barrier in Algeria

The main languages of Algeria are Arabic and Berber. French is also widely spoken, heavily influencing the local dialect of Arabic spoken in Algeria. English is becoming more popular, but learning Arabic or French will help you integrate into Algerian society more easily.

Religion in Algeria

Islam is Algeria's main religion and informs virtually all aspects of life in the country. While other religions are accepted in Algeria, Islam is the predominant faith, and you should remain respectful of local customs and laws at all times. As a rule of thumb, discussions about religious issues should be avoided.

Algerian dress is traditionally modest. Women, in particular, should cover their shoulders and legs when out in public. Public displays of affection are generally discouraged in Algeria, and unmarried cohabitation is not widely accepted.

Food and drink in Algeria

Algerian food is typically Arabic, with French and African influences. Algerian cuisine largely features rice, fresh fruit and vegetables. Lamb and fish are well-loved proteins, with popular dishes including mechoui, spicy lamb roasted over a fire, and makroudh, a pastry stuffed with dates or almonds and dipped in honey. Couscous is also a favourite and is often served with meat, vegetables, and spices.

Expats will find some international cuisine available in Algiers, with a few Italian, French, and Indian restaurants available. In accordance with Islamic dietary restrictions, pork is not commonly consumed in Algeria and is largely unavailable in restaurants or shops.

Alcohol is also not always easy to find. A few shops sell alcohol in the main cities or towns, but they tend to do so rather discreetly. That said, many high-end establishments offer alcohol, although it may not be explicitly listed on the menu.

The standard of healthcare in Algeria varies widely, and public healthcare may not meet the expectations of most expats. This is because the public system is chronically underfunded and hindered by bureaucratic obstacles. While services in the major cities, such as Algiers or Oran, are generally considered adequate, healthcare provision in remote areas is poor to non-existent, prompting most expats to choose pricey private healthcare.

Public healthcare in Algeria

Public healthcare is provided for free to all Algerian citizens and permanent residents. However, due to a host of issues, the standards of public healthcare in Algeria remain poor. The majority of medical staff will speak French or Arabic, with English not widely spoken.

Expats working in Algeria have access to free public healthcare via the social security system. The employer is responsible for registering their foreign staff, and will pay monthly contributions and deduct them from the employee's salary.

Private healthcare in Algeria

Private healthcare in Algeria has rapidly grown to fill the gaps in the public healthcare system, and standards are generally higher than what expats can find within the public domain. Due to local staff shortages, private clinics are often staffed by foreign medical professionals, and expats are more likely to encounter doctors who speak English.

Hospitals and clinics typically expect cash payments up front for treatments, and the cost of private healthcare in Algeria makes it inaccessible for many locals.

Health insurance in Algeria

The national medical insurance scheme is available for salaried and independent workers and their dependants, granting access to the public healthcare system for a large portion of the population. There is no existing national private health insurance scheme in Algeria.

Expats should arrange comprehensive health insurance before arriving in the country, especially if they're working in remote areas. Expat health insurance in Algeria should include local emergency care and possible repatriation to a country with better health facilities.

Pharmacies and medication in Algeria

Pharmacies are widely available in Algerian towns and cities, and they're considered a well-trusted source of medical advice. They're open daily during the week and in shifts on weekends and evenings.

Getting over-the-counter medicines in Algeria is fairly easy, but filling prescriptions may be difficult. It may also be challenging to get prescription drugs of good quality in Algeria, especially beyond Algiers. To avoid running out, you should try to bring along any chronic medicines you need in large quantities.

Be sure to take copies of prescriptions in case of immigration or customs queries over the importation of medication. It is also advisable to have these translated into French.

Health hazards in Algeria

Heatstroke and dehydration are significant health risks for expats due to the extreme heat in parts of the country. It's essential to stay well-hydrated at all times. Bottled water is recommended, as tap water in Algeria isn't potable. Sand and dust storms are also a health risk for those with pre-existing respiratory conditions.

Vaccinations for Algeria

Before travelling to Algeria, you should consult a healthcare provider to ensure that you've received the appropriate vaccinations to safeguard your health. Vaccinations are not mandatory for entering the country, but we recommend keeping the following vaccinations up to date:

• Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)
• Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (TDAP)
• Varicella (chickenpox)
• Polio
• Hepatitis A
• Typhoid
• Rabies
• Annual flu shot

Emergency services in Algeria

• Police: 17 or 1548
• Fire: 14
• Ambulance 14
• Gendarme (national police operating in rural areas): 1055

Emergency operators may only speak French or Arabic, and emergency response times may be slow, especially in remote regions. It is also recommended to keep your embassy's emergency contact number saved.

Rich in natural resources, Algeria is home to the third-largest economy in Africa. Skilled professionals are always in demand, especially in the country’s key sectors, which include natural gas and oil production, mining, and agriculture.

Job market in Algeria

Algeria’s economy is heavily dependent on the hydrocarbon sector, with state-owned enterprises being the largest employers. Important industries include oil and gas mining, agriculture, construction, and a growing renewable energy sector. Opportunities available range from administrative to managerial roles.

Salaries for skilled roles can be high, and benefits can include subsidised housing and healthcare. However, navigating local regulations, the Algerian employment quota, and the requirement for French or Arabic proficiency can be challenging.  

Finding a job in Algeria

The majority of expats secure employment before arriving in the country. Expats seeking work in Algeria can explore various online job boards or search platforms tailored to either the country or specific industries. Some popular websites include Emploitic, Optioncarriere, and Bayt.

Those seeking employment in Algeria must obtain a work visa, which they can apply for through an Algerian Embassy or Consulate in their home country. The employer usually takes responsibility for the work permit and will need to prove that there are no Algerians capable of doing the job before they hire an expat.

Useful links

• Emploitic
• Optioncarriere
• Bayt

Work culture in Algeria

Algerian business structures are hierarchical and formal. Business revolves around personal relationships, and you’ll therefore need to develop and nurture relationships and trust with your new Algerian colleagues.

Proficiency in French or Arabic is beneficial when working in Algeria. Communication is generally indirect, and the emphasis on maintaining harmony and saving face can sometimes lead to ambiguity in communication. The flexible approach to time in Algeria may also require adjustment if you’re accustomed to stricter scheduling.

Appearances are important in the Algerian corporate world, and formal Western-style business attire is preferred. Women are advised to dress modestly, covering their shoulders and legs, but traditional clothing, like hijabs or abayas, is not a strict requirement.

A handshake is the usual greeting in business circles. Typically, men do not initiate handshakes with women; however, some women may extend their hands first. It's best to wait for a woman to extend her hand first when greeting.

The typical working week in Algeria runs from Sunday to Thursday, with weekends falling on Friday and Saturday, in alignment with the predominantly Islamic culture. The standard working week is 40 hours in Algeria, with a generous leave allowance of around 30 days per year.

Dealing with banking, money, and taxes in Algeria is relatively easy, even though you might have some bureaucratic hurdles to contend with in the beginning. This is down to Algeria’s mostly stable banking system, which is largely based on the French model. It is also worth noting that credit cards are only accepted at some locations – most of your purchases in the country will be in cash.  

Money in Algeria

Algeria’s official currency is the Algerian Dinar (DZD).

The Dinar is available in the following denominations:

• Notes: DZD 100, DZD 200, DZD 500, DZD 1,000, and DZD 2,000
• Coins: DZD 5, DZD 10, DZD 20, DZD 50, DZD 100, and DZD 200

Note that there are currency restrictions in Algeria on both arrival and departure. Travellers can't take Algerian dinars out of the country.

Banking in Algeria

Banking in Algeria is quite easy. Banks offer comprehensive services, including online banking. You’ll have a range of international banks to choose from, including BNP Paribas, Société Générale, HSBC, and CitiBank.

Major Algerian banks include Banque Nationale d'Algérie (BNA), Banque de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural (BADR), and Banque Extérieure d'Algérie (BEA).

Currency exchange services are available at banks, hotels, airports, and dedicated exchange bureaus throughout Algeria. Be aware that exchange rates can vary between these providers, so it's best to shop around for the most favourable rate.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account in Algeria as an expat is relatively straightforward. To open an account, you’ll need a valid identity card and proof of address – a residence certificate, utility bills, or a lease contract will usually be sufficient. In some cases, your employer may have a relationship with a specific bank, which can help to expedite the process of opening an account.

Generally, the process can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on how quickly the required documentation is provided and the bank's verification process. Keep this in mind to ensure a seamless transition when moving to Algeria.

ATMs and credit cards

Credit and debit card use is growing, but Algeria is still largely a cash-based society. ATMs are readily available in the larger cities, but scarce in rural areas. Be sure to carry enough cash with you if you're travelling to one of the country's remote corners.

Moving to Algeria

Taxes in Algeria

Algeria has a progressive income tax rate of up to 35 percent. This is payable by all tax-resident foreigners and locals on money earned in Algeria and worldwide. A tax resident is someone who spends 183 days or more a year in Algeria, and whose main source of income is in the country.