A small landlocked country bordered by France, Germany and Belgium, Luxembourg is well-known for its exquisite natural landscape and beautiful ancient architecture. A little more than half of Luxembourg's permanent residents are foreigners, and the country continues to attract expats from all over the world thanks to its thriving economy and high quality of life.

Below is some useful information about diversity and inclusion in Luxembourg.

Accessibility in Luxembourg

As a recipient of the 2022 EU Access City Award, Luxembourg prioritises accessibility by following a 'Design for All' approach. The country's capital, Luxembourg City, has low-floor buses equipped with ramps, while bus stops are announced visually and through audio. City buses have dedicated wheelchair space onboard, while the trams also boast low floors.

The city takes its accessibility a step further by continuously consulting people living with disabilities to measure the impact of its accessibility advancements. People living with disabilities in Luxembourg are also not excluded from key civic decisions, as council meetings are made available in sign and spoken language, as well as transcription.

Luxembourg City also has excellent wheelchair accessibility, with curb ramps at almost all intersections. Service animals are allowed on public transport at no cost, and there are taxi services for those with reduced mobility.

Useful resources

• Adapto Mobility Service

LGBTQ+ in Luxembourg

Although Luxembourg is a largely conservative Catholic country, LGBTQ+ individuals enjoy many freedoms. The country's former Prime Minister, Xavier Bettel, became the first serving leader in the European Union to marry their same-sex partner in 2015 following the landmark ruling legislating same-sex marriage in 2014.

Following the decision to legalise same-sex marriage, Luxembourg's constitution was amended to allow members of the LGBTQ+ community to adopt children in 2015. Members of the LGBTQ+ community can openly serve in the military without discrimination. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg also adopted a self-determination law that allows the right to legal gender change without surgery.

While Luxembourg offers extensive protections for the LGBTQ+ community, the country still has work to do. The 2024 Rainbow Europe index ranked Luxembourg seventh out of 49 European countries. This is down two spots from its 2023 ranking, which can be attributed mainly to the fact that conversion therapy is not banned in Luxembourg.

Men who have sex with men (MSMs) are banned from donating blood unless they are abstinent for one year, and there is no legal recognition for non-binary gender in Luxembourg. Still, LGBTQ+ individuals moving to the country's major cities will largely be accepted and welcomed. Those moving to the more rural or conservative areas are discouraged from engaging in public displays of affection, as this can sometimes be met with contempt.

Useful resources

• Centre LGBTQI
• Queer.lu – LGBTQI Events in Luxembourg

Gender equality in Luxembourg

Gender equality is enshrined in Luxembourg's constitution, guaranteeing the same rights and freedoms for women and men. Luxembourg is the only country in the EU that has established a formal ministry to drive gender equality exclusively. The Ministry of Equality between Women and Men was initially founded in 1995 under the name Ministry for Women's Promotion. Despite the name change, the mandate to inculcate gender mainstreaming in Luxembourg's political structures remains the same.

The country scored an impressive 74.7 out of a possible 100 points in the 2023 European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) Index, placing it in the top 10 out of 27 EU member states. The country's score rose by 1.2 points, particularly in the areas of economic power, money and health. Luxembourg has also held the top spot in the subdomain for financial resources since 2010.

Luxembourg currently boasts the smallest gender wage gap in Europe, at 0.7 percent. The country's government statistics service, Statec, estimates that its 2022 gender pay gap stood at -0.7 percent, making it the only EU country to achieve equal pay.

While Luxembourg is far ahead of the pack in terms of gender equality, the country's society still holds traditional views when it comes to gender roles. According to the EIGE, during the pandemic, 51 percent of women reported taking care of small children, compared to only 29 percent of men. Additionally, 63 percent of women said they carried out housework alone or largely alone. This has resulted in more women than men taking on part-time work, negatively affecting women's annual wages.

Luxembourg offers generous maternity leave of 20 weeks, which is split into eight weeks before the expected due date and 12 weeks after that. Parents can also apply for parental leave for the same child for up to six months on a full-time basis, making Luxembourg one of the best countries in the world to welcome a child. The country also gives birth allowances to new parents with children up to the age of two.

Despite its society still holding some archaic gender views, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg remains a leader in gender equality in the EU.

Useful resources

• European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE)
• The Ministry of Equality between Women and Men

Women in leadership in Luxembourg

Luxembourg is known as one of the most progressive countries in the world, and has worked hard to improve the representation of women in leadership positions over the years. The European Women on Boards 2023 Gender Diversity Index places Luxembourg at fifth out of 19 European countries surveyed.

This is a marked improvement in the country's performance from its 2021 ranking of 18th out of 19 countries. Since late 2023, women have held over 40 percent of board seats in Luxembourg.

In 2016, Luxembourg amended the electoral act to include gender quotas for national and European elections. The law states that political parties must ensure that 40 percent of their candidates in national elections are women, while the quota for European elections is 50 percent.

Political parties that fail to achieve these quotas are subject to reduced state funding. This has led to significant progress, as women now hold 33 percent of parliament seats, compared to 18 percent in the 2018 general elections.

The EU adopted new legislation in November 2022 requiring all listed companies with more than 250 employees to have 40 percent of non-executive directors on their boards be women by 2026. While this doesn't affect many of Luxembourg's companies, this is still a step towards reducing gender disparities in the country.

Useful resources

• The Network – Professional Women's Network
• Women in Business

Mental health awareness in Luxembourg

Foreigners moving to Luxembourg will have access to high-quality mental healthcare. This is particularly important for newly arrived expats, as they are more susceptible to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.

As one of the wealthiest countries in the world, Luxembourg offers its residents an undeniably exceptional quality of life. Still, the Grand Duchy claims one of the highest incidences of chronic depression in the EU, according to a report by Eurostat. In response to this decline in mental wellness in the country, Luxembourg has shifted its mental healthcare model from institutional care to community-based methods.

All legal residents in Luxembourg can receive state-sponsored health insurance covering primary mental healthcare. This typically involves GP support and inpatient and outpatient care at psychiatric hospitals. Inpatient care is usually approved for short-stays rather than long-term.

Those with more serious diagnosed mental health conditions will have access to secondary mental healthcare through state-funded providers, community health organisations and volunteer networks. Although Luxembourg's health insurance is comprehensive, it has some exclusions, so most locals and expats choose to supplement it with private health insurance.

This allows them to access private services and avoid waiting lists, which are common in the public system. That said, Luxembourg boasts a high ratio of psychiatric professionals in relation to its population.

Useful resources

• The Luxembourg Mental Health Hygiene League
• Luxembourg Psychological Society
• Sante.lu – Health Portal

Unconscious bias training in Luxembourg

The concept of unconscious bias is an implicit set of social stereotypes an individual carries about groups of people different to themselves. These stereotypes are not purposefully adopted but rather develop subtly over time, and people tend to hold these unconscious biases about groups they never or rarely come into contact with. As a result, they're frequently inaccurate and based on assumptions.

Unconscious bias can significantly affect workplace dynamics and impact the opportunities available to certain groups of people, which could affect a company's talent acquisition and turnover rates.

A report by Luxembourg's Centre for Equal Treatment found that both conscious and unconscious bias still exists in the country. The study found that discrimination related to race or ethnicity is increasing while unconscious stereotypes and prejudices remain ingrained in Luxembourg's society. This leads to individuals from certain races experiencing what they perceive as microaggressions, and this is most common in workplaces, social media, housing and public spaces.

Some companies, especially multinational corporations, have started offering unconscious bias training to assist their employees with recognising and ultimately overcoming their biases. There are also online resources that can be used to improve one's recognition of unconscious bias in themselves and others.

Useful resources

• Project Implicit
• Unconscious Bias Training

Diversification in the workplace in Luxembourg

As the country in the world with the highest GDP per capita, Luxembourg has attracted many expats. Almost 50 percent of the country's population is foreign-born, creating a society that is a melting pot of cultures.

Luxembourg's workplace is highly diversified, as many local and multinational companies employ people of more than 170 different nationalities. In fact, approximately 46 percent of Luxembourg's workforce comprises migrant workers who cross the border daily from Germany, Belgium, or France.

You will be delighted to find that the Luxembourgish people are generally welcoming of foreigners, especially those who try to speak at least one of their three official languages (Luxembourgish, German, and French). Be that as it may, expats of African descent may experience some discrimination.

A 2018 study by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights found that 50 percent of expats of African descent felt discriminated against in the 12 months before the survey was conducted. With these glaring statistics in mind, Luxembourg's government continues to run campaigns to raise awareness about discrimination and its effects.

A study by the same agency conducted in 2022 found that the government has taken actions to reduce racial discrimination in the Grand Duchy. The Luxembourgish government signed a law in 2021 explicitly prohibiting the incitement of violence, hatred and terrorism in the audiovisual media. The parliament also approved strengthening efforts to raise awareness and institute prevention and intervention measures to fight against discrimination on social media.

Safety in Luxembourg

With one of the lowest crime rates in the world, Luxembourg is a largely safe country to live in. Although violent crime such as murder rarely happens in the country, violent robberies are rising.

Petty crimes, such as pickpocketing, can occur, particularly on public transport. Burglaries can also happen, especially during the August holiday period and around Christmastime, when most people travel and leave their homes vacant.

New arrivals to Luxembourg should be aware of scams, with phishing, tax and banking fraud being the most common. Expats should remain vigilant and keep their valuables out of sight to avoid falling victim to pickpockets.

Calendar initiatives in Luxembourg

4 February – World Cancer Day 
8 March – International Women's Day 
24 March – World TB Day 
2 April – World Autism Awareness Day 
23 May – Diversity Day 
July – Pride Month Celebrations 
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day 
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month 
8 October –World Mental Health Day 
14 November – World Diabetes Day 
1 December – World AIDS Day

Located in northwestern Europe between France, Belgium, and Germany, Luxembourg is a small landlocked country. It’s known for its cosmopolitan cities and excellent quality of life.

Due to its large foreign population, the country is a melting pot of cultures, so expats moving to Luxembourg should feel right at home whether living in the bustling urban centres or the gorgeous rural countryside.

Living in Luxembourg as an expat

While the entirety of Luxembourg is picturesque and provides its residents with a rich life, the majority of expats live in and around the capital. With a large foreign population, the city has a rather international feel to it. As the economic centre of the country, Luxembourg City is also where the vast majority of jobs are based.

The main industries in Luxembourg are banking, steel, IT, tourism, and agriculture. The financial and IT fields especially are in high demand, and you will be at an advantage when it comes to looking for work in Luxembourg if you have skills in these fields.

Luxembourg is home to one of the best tax-funded healthcare systems in Europe. Healthcare of the highest quality is available for free or at subsidised rates to all legal residents, who pay compulsory health insurance each month. Private healthcare is also an option.

In 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport, including buses, trains and trams, free of charge. On top of it being free, you can expect all networks to be quick, reliable, and clean. Only those crossing the border or travelling in first class must purchase a ticket to use any form of transport in the country.

Cost of living in Luxembourg

Luxembourg's cost of living is relatively high. That said, the capital city is certainly the priciest part of the country, and those living outside of it will, therefore, at least be afforded cheaper rentals. Housing, food, and surprisingly, clothing are expenses that will take a decent chunk out of an expat’s monthly budget. On an expat salary, however, new arrivals in Luxembourg can live a comfortable life in the country.

Families and children in Luxembourg

Although Luxembourg boasts one of the best education systems in the world, the language barrier may be an issue for many expats. Luckily, the country is also home to several international schools that can help ease expat children into life in their new homes.

With plenty of green spaces and outdoor activities available in Luxembourg, families who enjoy spending time in nature will have an array of options at their fingertips. They can take advantage of every sunny day in the country's many parks, zoos, playgrounds, hiking trails and more. Inevitably, you can also expect many rainy days, which can be spent in Luxembourg’s countless museums.

Climate in Luxembourg

Luxembourg has a moderately temperate climate characterised by cold winters and mild summers. You can expect temperatures of between 57ºF (14ºC) and 66ºF (19ºC) in the summer, while winter temperatures generally hover above 32ºF (0ºC). Rain is common and plentiful throughout the year in Luxembourg, although the warmer months typically get around seven hours of sunshine per day.

If you're moving to Luxembourg, you can expect to live a good life in the country. Along with its excellent healthcare and schooling systems and free public transport, crime rates are low, and you will not have to worry about your safety and security. With so much on offer in this tiny yet absolutely beautiful country, you are sure to live a high-quality life in Luxembourg.

Fast facts

Population: About 660,000

Capital city: Luxembourg City

Neighbouring countries: Luxembourg is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south.

Geography: Luxembourg is characterised by rolling uplands and wide, steep valleys. The foothills of the Ardennes are situated in the north of the country, making the region rather mountainous. The rest of the country slopes down towards the southeast, where the Moselle floodplain is situated.

Political system: Parliamentary representative democratic monarchy

Major religion: Roman Catholic

Main language: Luxembourgish, French, and German

Money: The currency is the Euro (EUR). ATMs are widespread in Luxembourg, and expats should be able to use their credit cards throughout the country.

Tipping: A service charge is generally included in the bill at restaurants in Luxembourg. An additional tip isn’t required, but most people will give a Euro or two for good service.

Time: GMT+1 (GMT+2 from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October).

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. Plugs with two round pins are largely used.

Internet domain: .lu

International dialling code: +352

Emergency numbers: 112

Transport and Driving: Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road. The public transport system in Luxembourg is extensive and reliable, with trains, trams, and buses travelling throughout the country, as well as networks connecting the main centres to its neighbouring countries.

The weather in Luxembourg is marked by a moderate, temperate climate, with minimal experiences of extreme conditions. Winters can get cold, while summers tend to be mild. You can expect pleasant temperatures of between 57ºF (14ºC) and 66ºF (19ºC) in the summer (June to September). That said, brief periods of hot weather occur more regularly nowadays, sometimes climbing as high as 86ºF (30ºC).

From December to March, winter temperatures generally hover above freezing, apart from during the coldest month of January, when it regularly drops below 32ºF (0ºC). Although infrequently, Luxembourg has recorded lows of 5ºF (-15ºC) over the past two decades.

Although winter tends to bring more wet weather and windy conditions, rain is common and plentiful throughout the year in Luxembourg. That said, summer days can bring afternoon thunderstorms, although this does not occur regularly. Cloud cover is quite common, even on dry days. The warmer months generally get around 7 hours of sunshine per day, though, with July averaging 10 hours of sun a day.

If you're from a Western European country, you shouldn't experience too much trouble adjusting to local culture in Luxembourg, but some social etiquette may take some getting used to. That said, most expats adjust to the culture in Luxembourg easily and quickly.

Below are a few things to keep in mind before moving to Luxembourg.

Languages in Luxembourg

English is not as widely spoken in Luxembourg as in some other EU countries. If you are planning to stay long-term, you will likely need to learn the basics of all three official languages, namely French, German and Luxembourgish, to get by comfortably in Luxembourg. But for newly arrived expats, having a decent grasp of just one of these would suffice in the short term.

Luxembourg is a proud country. While some locals speak English, expats may find that they are less willing to assist if foreigners don’t at least attempt to speak in a local language, even if poorly. The effort is highly appreciated, and expats will discover that the locals are much more accommodating.

Greeting in Luxembourg

Another thing that may take some getting used to is the formality with which the locals greet new people. A handshake is the common greeting between new acquaintances, and you should always use someone’s surname preceded by either Monsieur or Madame until told otherwise.

Locals may be extremely quiet and reserved initially, but once a relationship is established, they tend to open up. Greeting with hugs and three kisses on the cheeks is generally reserved for close friends and family.

Cultural etiquette in Luxembourg

There are a few other social norms that may be different from your home country. Family is extremely important in Luxembourg, and many locals never leave their hometown and live near family their entire lives. Families are close, and parents generally help with raising grandchildren and continue to help with the decision-making for their adult children.

Privacy is also highly valued in Luxembourg, so it may take some time for expats to become friends with locals. Personal matters are generally only discussed with one’s family, and asking personal questions may be seen as overstepping. If you open up about your issues, it could also be viewed by locals as spoiling a good time.

Mealtimes are formal occasions in Luxembourg, and when invited to the home of a local, dining etiquette should be taken seriously and protocol should be followed closely. Expats should only sit when instructed to do so, and all guests may only begin eating after the hostess begins. The host will generally give a toast, which a guest will reciprocate at a later stage. Elbows must never rest on the table, although hands must always be seen.

Luxembourg is home to one of the best state-sponsored healthcare systems in Europe. All legal residents can access it for free or at subsidised rates. Although public healthcare in Luxembourg is excellent, private healthcare is also an option.

Public healthcare in Luxembourg

Public healthcare in Luxembourg is first-rate, and those moving to the country will find that hospitals and clinics are well-equipped and the standard of care is exceptional. Citizens and employed expats can access medical treatment for free or at highly subsidised rates by making monthly contributions to the country’s social security system.

Under the state system, you can choose a doctor, specialist, and hospital. Basic coverage offered includes most GP and specialist treatments, laboratory tests, prescriptions, and hospitalisation.

Private healthcare in Luxembourg

All hospitals in Luxembourg are public facilities. That said, some doctors and specialists exclusively provide private care. If you'd like to access private practitioners, it's advisable to take out a private health insurance policy, as treatment can be incredibly expensive.

Thanks to Luxembourg's high quality of public healthcare, most residents use this system only, but some may take out additional private insurance to cover treatments not covered by the state insurance.

Health insurance in Luxembourg

All employed and self-employed expats in Luxembourg can sign up for state healthcare. They must register at the Joint Centre for Social Security (CCSS). An expat’s employer will generally do this for them, but self-employed individuals must do this themselves.

Once registered, you will receive your social security card, which must be presented when receiving medical treatment. Expats must also make a compulsory monthly contribution towards the state healthcare system, which will be automatically deducted from their salary.

State healthcare funds about 84 percent of treatment costs, the remainder of which must be paid by the patient. Many expats and locals have additional private health insurance to supplement the coverage received by the state.

Useful links

• Joint Centre for Social Security (CCSS)

Pharmacies and medicine in Luxembourg

Pharmacies are easy to find in Luxembourg and can be identified by a large green cross. Most pharmacies are open during shopping hours only, but a duty pharmacy will always be available outside these hours.

The state typically covers around 80 percent of the costs of prescription medication. You may have to pay 60 percent of the cost of non-essential medication, but if your doctor prescribes these medicines, you may get at least a portion of the cost reimbursed by your insurer. That said, non-prescription medicine must be paid for in full.

Expats should have the generic name of any medication they take when coming to Luxembourg, as brand names can vary from country to country.

Health hazards in Luxembourg

There are no significant health hazards for those moving to Luxembourg to consider. Although air pollution levels in the country are considered under control, air pollution coming from neighbouring countries can be an issue. You're advised to maintain awareness of air quality forecasts and heed any warnings. Those moving to the rural areas should ensure they protect themselves adequately from bug bites, as these can spread diseases.

Vaccinations for Luxembourg

Expats moving to Luxembourg should ensure they have their routine vaccinations in order. These include vaccines for:

• influenza
• shingles
• chickenpox
• mumps and rubella (MMR)

There has also been an increase in measles and polio cases worldwide, so it's recommended that you get booster shots before travelling to Luxembourg. Other vaccinations necessary for entering Luxembourg are the hepatitis A and B shots. If you'll be working with animals, getting a rabies vaccine is also advisable.

Emergency services in Luxembourg

In the case of an emergency, you can dial the European emergency number 112. Most operators on this line will be able to speak English. Ambulances in Luxembourg aren’t always staffed with paramedics, so if faced with a life-threatening situation, you should ensure you ask for a SAMU (Le Service D'Aide Médicale Urgente). An ambulance with a doctor on board will then be dispatched.

Most large hospitals have an emergency department that provides treatment free of charge for those with or without state healthcare. Outside general work hours, the hospitals with emergency departments generally rotate duties. The schedule for on-duty emergency rooms can be found in local newspapers, pharmacies, hospitals, and doctors’ offices.

Accommodation in Luxembourg is exceptional, and expats moving to Luxembourg will have various options. Most expats initially rent housing in the country to get to know Luxembourg's different neighbourhoods. While this is certainly the best option for short-term expats, renting in Luxembourg is expensive, which is why it's best to consider buying a property if you'll be staying long-term.

Many expats rent in a neighbouring country such as France, Germany or Belgium, where rentals are often cheaper, and then commute to Luxembourg. That said, expat salaries in Luxembourg tend to be high, so most expats can afford rent.

Types of accommodation in Luxembourg

Locals usually own their homes, while expats tend to rent in Luxembourg. The vast majority of rentals are apartments, as opposed to family homes. That said, townhouses, single-family homes and villas can also be found in Luxembourg, but most will be available only for purchase.

The types of homes available depend highly on where in the country you are based. Houses may be more easily found in small towns and the countryside, while apartments are far more common in city centres.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Most rentals in Luxembourg are unfurnished. If you prefer furnished accommodation, a few specialised companies do offer this. Naturally, furnished properties are pricier than unfurnished, sometimes up to double the monthly rent. Expats should consider the differences in cost between shipping their belongings from home, buying new furniture and appliances in Luxembourg, or renting furnished accommodation. Depending on the property, the latter might still be the cheapest solution.

If choosing furnished accommodation, you should ensure that the landlord supplies you with an inventory of the home’s furnishings and the condition of everything before moving in. If you're looking to relocate with a cat or dog, it's essential to find out if the property is pet-friendly beforehand.

Short lets

Luxembourg offers a variety of short-term rental properties throughout the country. Bed and Breakfasts (B&Bs) are the traditional options, while there are also Airbnbs and apart-hotels, which offer a home away from home experience. These short lets are typically fully furnished, and the rental cost includes utilities such as electricity, water, and WiFi. Short lets are a great choice if you're looking to explore a specific neighbourhood before committing to a long-term lease.

Finding accommodation in Luxembourg

Properties are generally rented through estate agents in Luxembourg. You can also search for rentals on online property portals, agency websites and expat social media groups.

When searching for suitable accommodation, things to consider include cost, proximity to the workplace and children’s schools, and accessibility to public transport networks, among others. Hiring an estate agent who knows the area is, therefore, highly useful.

You may also want to consider hiring a relocation company. These companies offer a full suite of services, often including finding accommodation, shipping goods, orientating and helping expats settle in their new homes, enrolling kids in schools, and more.

Useful links

• atHome.lu
• Accommodation in Luxembourg

Renting accommodation in Luxembourg

Making an application

Once you have chosen a rental property, you will need to follow several steps before you can move into your new home. You will have to submit an application to the landlord or rental agent and submit several documents. A landlord will most likely request proof of identification and work visa, employment status, income level, and possibly also references from previous landlords.

Leases

Tenants will generally decide on a fixed term with the landlord for the rental contract. A standard lease in Luxembourg is between two and three years, but you can negotiate for a shorter lease if you won’t be staying in the country that long.

We highly recommend that expats who are not fluent in a local language (German, French or Luxembourgish) take a translator along with them to sign and negotiate the lease. This will help them avoid any miscommunications regarding the contract.

If you need to end the contract early, a notice period of three months is usually required unless otherwise stipulated in the lease.

Deposits

A deposit of around two months’ rent is generally required. It can be up to three months’ rent but will not exceed this. This is usually paid into a separate account for the duration of the lease and will be returned to the tenant, provided the property has not sustained any damage. In addition to the deposit, tenants will also have to pay annual liability insurance.

Utilities

Utilities in rental properties are often already set up and included in the rental cost. If this is the case, expats should ensure they know exactly what the costs are and what they are paying for each month. If utilities aren’t included in the rent, you can usually easily sign over the existing utility connections to their name or sign up with a different supplier altogether.

Electricity

The electricity market in Luxembourg is deregulated, meaning tenants are free to choose their supplier. The easiest option for expats renting property in the country is to take over the existing utility contract. Those who choose a different supplier will have several options, including Enovos, Eida, and Electris, which are some of Luxembourg's biggest energy suppliers.

Once you have compared providers and tariff rates, you can contact your chosen supplier telephonically or through their website. You will likely need to supply them with copies of your proof of address, your residence permit, proof of identity, and bank account details to allow direct debits for monthly or bimonthly payments.

Gas

The options for natural gas suppliers in Luxembourg are limited, and some rural areas will have no access to piped natural gas pipelines. Similarly to electricity, the simplest option is to stick to the existing energy supplier and transfer the account into your name.

This can be done telephonically or online, and expats will need to supply the company with their identity, proof of residence, and bank account details. It's recommended that you check the meter when moving in and supply the gas company with the current readings to avoid being overcharged.

Water

The water in Luxembourg is high-quality and is considered safe to drink. The water supply in the country is overseen by the communes, which are responsible for setting up your water connection. Expats must register as new citizens of their commune and request a connection to the municipality's drinking water network.

Water bills are sent out quarterly, and there is a final invoice annually, which will result in you either being reimbursed or requesting that you pay extra to cover arrears.

Bins and recycling

Local municipalities manage waste collection in their communes. Waste is collected weekly, biweekly, or monthly, depending on where you live in Luxembourg. When you register as a new citizen in your commune, you will be offered a number of rubbish bins that will allow you to separate your waste at source. The grey rubbish bins are for non-recyclable household waste, while the blue bins are reserved for recyclable household waste.

For bulky waste, it's easy to request a collection from your commune at a cost. There are also free recycling centres dotted around the country for residents to further their own recycling efforts.

Internet

As a world-class developed country, Luxembourg offers its residents fast and reliable internet connections. The most common type of internet connection in Luxembourg is via ADSL. The biggest internet service providers in Luxembourg include Eltrona, Orange, and Post.

Useful links

• Calculix – electricity and gas price comparison tool
• Communal Administrations
• Eltrona
• Orange
• Post

If a public holiday falls on a Sunday, it is usually observed the following Monday. 

Luxembourg embassies

• Luxembourg Embassy, Washington, DC, United States: +1 202 265 4171
• Luxembourg Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7235 6963
• Consulate of Luxembourg, Montreal, Canada: +1 514 397 4138
• Honorary Consulate of Luxembourg, Johannesburg, South Africa: +27 11 463 1744
• Luxembourg Consulate, Dublin, Ireland: +353 89 605 7242
• Consulate of Luxembourg, Auckland, New Zealand: +64 21 066 4374

Foreign embassies in Luxembourg

• United States Embassy, Luxembourg: +352 46 01 2300
• British Embassy, Luxembourg: +352 22 98 64
• Consulate of Canada, Luxembourg: +352 26 27 0570
• Australian Embassy, Brussels (also represents Luxembourg): +32 2 286 0500
• South African Embassy, Brussels (also represents Luxembourg): +32 2 285 4400
• Embassy of Ireland, Luxembourg: +352 45 06 10
• New Zealand Embassy, Brussels (also represents Luxembourg): +32 2 512 1040

Currently boasting the highest GDP per capita in the world, Luxembourg is an attractive destination for people looking to work abroad. The country’s economy is thriving, and the active and dynamic labour market is a major drawcard for expats.

Foreigners who qualify are also afforded tax exemptions, an added bonus of working in Luxembourg. With strict labour laws in place, you're likely to enjoy a good work-life balance and high average salaries in Luxembourg.

Job market in Luxembourg

At the heart of Luxembourg’s economy are agriculture and financial services. Manufacturing and steel production are also large industries. Recently, the economy has further diversified and now boasts thriving high-tech and telecommunications sectors.

With a low unemployment rate and a highly skilled population, skills shortages are uncommon in Luxembourg. That said, if you have the right credentials, you will most likely find vacancies in the finance, healthcare, retail, manufacturing, construction and hospitality industries. The trade, transport, telecommunications and IT sectors are also big employers, so you may have some luck here, too.

Finding a job in Luxembourg

Those with the right skills shouldn’t struggle too much to find a job in Luxembourg. Once you have acquired a residence visa and a social security number for Luxembourg, you can register with the Agency for the Development of Employment (ADEM). If you meet certain requirements, the ADEM can assist you with finding a job in the country.

Those looking to move to Luxembourg for work who don’t meet the requirements should consider applying with local recruitment agencies. Searching online job portals and in local newspapers for vacancies is also an option, but the assistance of a recruiter could prove more fruitful.

Speaking one of the local languages (Luxembourgish, German, and French) will also be beneficial if you're looking for a job, as English is rarely spoken in business in Luxembourg.

Useful links

• Agency for the Development of Employment
• Jobs in Luxembourg

Work culture in Luxembourg

The workplace in Luxembourg is generally formal and hierarchical. You are advised to dress conservatively and formally for work. You should also be aware that punctuality and deadlines are taken seriously, and brief business meetings are typically held to formalise decisions that have already been made.

Luxembourg has strict labour laws to protect employees, meaning most people have a good work-life balance and are paid well. The working week is 40 hours, starting at 8am or 9am and ending at 5pm or 6pm, five days a week.

Fortunately, many companies have flexible hours, meaning employees can arrange their work hours to suit them. Full-time employees are entitled to at least 25 days of leave annually and ten annual public holidays. If you work as a freelancer or part-time employee, your employment contract may be subject to different labour laws.

Those planning to work in Luxembourg will discover that the government looks after its workforce with strict labour laws regarding work hours, leave, taxes and minimum wage. This means expats in Luxembourg will benefit from a good work-life balance and decent salaries, while some may even qualify for lower tax rates for their first eight years working in the country.

Luxembourg has a large international community and is highly accommodating of foreigners. While it may prove tricky to land a job at first, you can usually adjust quite easily to the workplace in Luxembourg once you find one, provided you speak one of the local languages.

Fast facts

Business language

While French, German and Luxembourgish are all official languages, French is most widely used in business. That said, German and Luxembourgish are sometimes spoken in the workplace, while English is rarely spoken.

Business hours

Monday to Friday, 8am or 9am to 5pm or 6pm. Many companies have flexible hours, meaning employees can arrange their hours to suit them, provided they work 40 hours a week.

Business dress

The dress code in Luxembourg is formal and conservative. Luxembourgers generally wear high-quality clothes while avoiding bright colours. Men wear suits and ties, while women typically dress in suits, dresses, skirts, and blouses.

Greetings

A firm handshake is the appropriate greeting between business associates. Three light kisses on the cheeks are typical among friends but not between two men. You should continue to address everyone as Monsieur or Madame followed by their surname until told otherwise.

Business cards are exchanged when first meeting a business associate. They typically mention both the person's job title and academic title. We advise that expats in Luxembourg have their business cards printed in both French and German.

Gifts

Gifts are largely not exchanged in Luxembourg's business world. However, when invited to someone's house, it is customary to bring flowers, chocolates, or a good bottle of wine.

Gender equality

Luxembourg created the Ministry of Equality between Women and Men in 2015, whose sole purpose is to create a gender-equal society. The government also passed new legislation that enforces equal pay between genders. Despite these improvements, gender equality in Luxembourg is still a work in progress, though it is improving each year as more women join the workforce. Expat women working in Luxembourg shouldn't face any discrimination.

Business culture in Luxembourg

While the work culture in Luxembourg is conservative and formal, the labour laws favour employees, and expats will most likely benefit from improved work-life balance and a good salary.

Business structure

Business in Luxembourg is hierarchical, and senior-level employees are highly respected. Decision-making, therefore, occurs at the top of the organisation. Despite this traditional structure, many businesses are adopting a different management approach to increase staff participation.

Work-life balance

Workers in Luxembourg generally have a good work-life balance. Full-time employees work eight hours a day, five days a week, totalling 40 hours per week. Overtime is mostly paid, but employees are legally prohibited from working more than 48 hours weekly.

Full-time employees are entitled to at least 25 days of leave a year, excluding the ten annual public holidays. This may differ for fixed-term or part-time employees.

Meetings

Meetings in Luxembourg are formal and follow protocol. The purpose of a meeting is often to formalise a decision or give instructions, as often the decision-making is done before the meeting. Small talk is kept to a minimum, and rules of conduct are closely followed.

Time

Punctuality is taken seriously in Luxembourg, both inside and outside the workplace. If you are running late, you should call to inform whomever you are meeting. Workers in the country follow schedules closely and adhere to deadlines.

Communication

Expats will generally find Luxembourgers rational and pragmatic in the workplace. Strong criticism and assertiveness are not appreciated; instead, communicate with courtesy and an element of charm.

Expats should avoid high-pressure negotiation tactics and be careful not to rush decisions. Emotional outbursts, boasting about achievements, and exaggerating are also not welcome.

Dos and don'ts of business in Luxembourg

• Don't arrive late to meetings or business engagements
• Do dress formally and conservatively
• Do greet people with their surname and honorary title
• Do keep one's personal and work life separate, and respect one's colleagues' privacy
• Don't organise business meetings in July and August or around Easter and Christmas, as many people go on leave during these times of the year

Depending on your nationality, you may require a visa to enter Luxembourg for tourism or work purposes. Luxembourg is part of the Schengen area, so if you have an EU passport or you're from a visa-exempt country, you won’t need to apply for a visa. All other foreigners will need either a short- or long-stay visa to enter the country.

Short stay visas for Luxembourg

Short stay visas (a Visa C) for Luxembourg allow the holder to stay in the country for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. The requirements are slightly different for those planning to work in Luxembourg during the 90-day stay compared to those visiting for leisure.

If you are from a country that is not part of the EU or on the visa-exempt list and are travelling to Luxembourg for leisure, you must apply for a Schengen visa before arriving in the country. You will have to submit your application at the Luxembourg consulate in your home country.

If you're planning to visit more than one Schengen country, then you must apply for a visa at the consulate of the country you will spend the most time in. If the duration of travel is the same for each country you will be visiting, you must apply for the visa at the consulate of the country you will enter first.

Those who wish to work in Luxembourg during their stay will need a work visa. To get a work visa, they will need a job offer from a Luxembourg organisation.

Useful links

• Guichet.lu – Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days

Long stay visas for Luxembourg

Long stay visas (visa D) allow foreigners to stay in Luxembourg for longer than 90 days. The first step to getting a Visa D for Luxembourg is to apply for a temporary Authorisation to Stay at the Immigration Directorate of the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs in their home country. Within 90 days of applying for this, you must submit your long stay Visa D application at the Luxembourg consulate in your home country. Once granted, the visa is generally valid for between 90 days and one year.

If you wish to work in Luxembourg during this period, you must have a valid employment contract from an organisation in Luxembourg attached to their authorisation-to-stay application. Expats can only be employed in Luxembourg if there are no suitable candidates registered with the Agency for the Development of Employment (ADEM) to fill the position.

You must declare your arrival in Luxembourg within three days of entering the country, undergo a health check, and then apply for a residence permit for workers.

Residence permits for Luxembourg

Residence permits for Luxembourg must be applied for with the Immigration Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Once the application is approved, you will be invited to make an appointment with the Immigration Directorate to get your photograph and fingerprints taken. You will then receive your residence permit in the form of a chip card, which will include your work permit.

Residence permits are generally valid for one year, after which they can be renewed.

Useful links

• Luxembourg Ministry of Home Affairs

*Visa requirements can change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

The finance and banking sector is one of the biggest in Luxembourg, and it represents around a third of the country's GDP. There are 136 banks in Luxembourg, including both local and international branches, making banking easy and convenient for expats in Luxembourg.

Currency in Luxembourg

As Luxembourg is part of the Eurozone, the currency is the Euro, which is divided into 100 cents.

• Notes: 5 EUR, 10 EUR, 20 EUR, 50 EUR, 100 EUR, 200 EUR and 500 EUR
• Coins: 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents and 1 EUR and 2 EUR

Banking in Luxembourg

Expats have plenty of banks to choose from in Luxembourg. Banque Centrale du Luxembourg is the country's national bank, but there are a number of other big local and international banks in the country, including Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, ING Luxembourg, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Citibank and BNP Paribas Fortis, among many others.

Banks in Luxembourg are generally open from 8:30am to 4:30pm, Monday to Friday, and some banks are also open from 9am to 1pm on Saturdays. They offer a range of services, including current and savings accounts, credit cards, loans, investments, online and mobile banking, as well as specific expat services such as multi-currency accounts.

Opening a bank account

It's not a legal requirement for expats to open a bank account in Luxembourg. Foreigners can manage their money from an overseas account, but an account with a bank in Luxembourg will make an expat's life infinitely simpler when it comes to everyday money matters, drawing salaries and paying bills. 

Expats face no restrictions when it comes to opening a bank account. Most banks require expats to visit a branch in person to open an account, but there are certain banks that allow them to open an account online, meaning they can do this while overseas, prior to arriving in Luxembourg. To open a bank account online, expats may need to post or send scanned copies of required documents.

Most banks will require a form of ID, such as a passport or national ID card and a proof of address (either local or foreign). Some banks may also require proof of employment or income, and a tax number.

Once all of the required documents have been submitted, the bank account is usually set up quickly and expats receive their bank card and information within a few days.

ATMs

Thanks to the vast number of banks in the country, finding an ATM is incredibly easy in Luxembourg. They are generally situated outside of bank branches, shopping centres and supermarkets.

International bank cards, such as Visa and MasterCard, can be used at ATMs in Luxembourg. Some machines also accept American Express, but this is not guaranteed. Expats will be charged fees when using ATMs unaffiliated with their bank.

Cash is still used fairly often in Luxembourg, but it is not essential for expats to carry cash, as credit and debit cards can be used everywhere, and online and mobile payments are also popular methods.

Taxes in Luxembourg

The laws surrounding taxes in Luxembourg differ for residents and non-residents. An expat is considered a resident if they've lived in the country for more than six consecutive months. Non-residents pay tax only on the income earned within Luxembourg, while residents pay tax on their worldwide income. The amount of tax an expat pays depends on their annual income and can be anywhere between 0 and 42 percent.

Highly skilled expats who are recruited to work in Luxembourg may be eligible for the impatriate tax regime. This is a tax exemption of up to 50 percent of an amount which cannot exceed 30 percent of an expat's annual salary. An expat must earn a minimum of EUR 100,000 and be a resident of the country to qualify. This tax benefit can be enjoyed for up to eight years. Expats should talk to their employer about applying, if they think they may qualify.

Thanks to Luxembourg's dense public transport network, getting around the country is simple and straightforward. Luxembourg values mobility, so the whole country is accessible via several networks, including railways, buses, and cars on the country’s excellent highways and secondary roads.

In 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to offer free public transport throughout the country. If you wish to travel first class or across the border into certain parts of neighbouring France, Germany, or Belgium, you will still need to purchase a ticket. Otherwise, travelling on trains, buses, and the tram is free for everyone, including residents and tourists.

Public transport in Luxembourg

All forms of public transport are efficient, clean, and fast ways to get around Luxembourg. Buses, trains, and trams are interconnected, making transfers from one form of transport to another easy. There are also international lines integrated with the transport systems of France, Germany, and Belgium.

Information regarding all the country’s routes, connections, and networks can be found on the Mobilitéits Zentral website.

Trains

Société nationale des chemins de fer luxembourgeois (CFL) runs the trains in Luxembourg. The CFL currently offers commuters seven lines that travel across the country, with more lines in development. All passengers can travel on these lines within Luxembourg and to particular stations across the country’s borders without a ticket.

Announcements on all CFL trains are in French only, but the CFL website and apps are in English, French, and German. Although space can be limited during rush hours, passengers are free to bring bicycles, pets, and luggage on all CFL trains.

Trains travel throughout the day, but night services are extremely limited. CFL travels nationally and to neighbouring countries, but several other international train services, such as NMBS and TGV, also operate in Luxembourg.

Buses

AVL, RFTR, and TICE provide bus services in Luxembourg. AVL and TICE provide bus services within Luxembourg only, while RGTR also travels across the country’s borders.

RGTR runs the largest network, which consists of more than 340 lines. AVL operates in Luxembourg City and its surrounding municipalities, while TICE only serves a small part of southwestern Luxembourg.

Buses travel daily between 5 a.m. and midnight. Night riders will be delighted to find that there are also limited night bus services.

Tram

Although trams were a big part of Luxembourg’s transport system in the past, they eventually stopped running and only came back into operation in 2017. Luxtram runs the country’s tram network, which currently consists of only one tram line (Line T1) with 17 stops. Fortunately, Luxembourg's government has plans to increase the tram lines to four by 2035.

The tram operates in Luxembourg city only and runs from Luxexpo to Gare Centrale from around 4:30am to 12:30am daily, with slightly shorter hours on Sundays.

Useful links

• Mobilitéits Zentral
• AVL
• RFTR
• TICE
• CFL
• Luxtram

Taxis in Luxembourg

Taxis are widely available in all urban areas in Luxembourg. They can be hailed off the street, at a taxi rank, by phone or through a taxi company’s mobile app. All taxi companies are free to determine their own prices; the government does not control this. For this reason, taking a taxi can be steep in Luxembourg.

The ride-hailing app Uber has partnered with local company Webtaxi to enable its operation in Luxembourg. The company officially started operating in 2024 and has made booking a taxi in the country easier to book a taxi. Traditional taxi companies also have apps that allow people to order and prebook rides.

Useful links

• Webtaxi

Driving in Luxembourg

Driving in Luxembourg is easy on the country’s excellent network of highways and secondary roads, which span the entire country and connect Luxembourg to its neighbours. Despite the country’s exceptional public transport system, most residents have a car. While compulsory vehicle tax and insurance can be pricey, fuel in Luxembourg is cheaper than in its neighbouring countries.

EU and EEA driving licences are recognised in Luxembourg. That said, if you're from these countries, you should register your licences after arriving. Once you register your licence, you can be issued a Luxembourg licence if your EU/EEA country licence expires or is lost or stolen without having to retake a driver’s test.

If you're from non-EU/EEA countries, you can drive using your foreign licence for one year before you must exchange it for a Luxembourg licence. To exchange your foreign driving licence, you must obtain a medical certificate from your doctor in Luxembourg and a copy of your criminal record from your home country. If you fail to exchange your driving licence within a year, you will have to take a written and practical driving test.

Air travel in Luxembourg

Luxembourg only has one airport, the Findel Airport, which is situated just outside of Luxembourg City. While there is currently no train line between the city and the airport, there are bus and taxi services that travel to and from the airport.

The number of flights in and out of Findel is increasing each year as Luxembourg is becoming a more popular travel hub in the EU. While the vast majority of destinations with direct flights from Luxembourg are in Europe, there are a few North African and West Asian counties that you will also be able to reach directly from Findel airport.

Findel is a modern airport with three terminals, all of which are run efficiently. The national airline carrier Luxair travels to various destinations, along with several international and budget airlines.

Education and schools in Luxembourg are known for offering high standards and excellence in preparing students to enter the workforce. The government runs public schools for free, and education is compulsory for all children ages 4 to 16.

All schools teach in one of the three official languages, namely Luxembourgish, German or French, with the secondary two also forming part of the curriculum. The language barrier can be a deterrent for expats looking for a school for their children. Many often send their children to an international school where they can continue with their home country’s curriculum in their home language.

If you're staying in Luxembourg long-term and are keen to enrol your children in local schools, you'll be delighted to find that the government has educational programmes to help international students integrate into the school system. Additionally, some schools also teach English as an extra language.

Public schools in Luxembourg

Public schooling in Luxembourg is rather complicated. There are three main stages of schooling in Luxembourg, and the first stage, fundamental education, is divided into four cycles. These cycles focus on developing diverse skills in children, including language acquisition, social, basic numeracy, and literacy skills, while the fourth cycle emphasises moral and arts education.

• Fundamental education (enseignement fundamental) includes four cycles from pre-school to primary school: ages 4 to 11
• Secondary education (enseignement secondaire) is divided into junior and senior classes: ages 12 to 18

At the secondary education stage, children must choose between a classic secondary education (lycée classique) or a vocational education programme (secondaire générale).

The first year of secondary education is the same in both streams, after which the subject matter becomes increasingly focused on the student’s preferences. Students will graduate from secondary school at either 17 or 18, depending on their course, and can then either move on to tertiary education, a technical college or start working.

Schools in Luxembourg require students to be proficient in at least one of the local languages and somewhat knowledgeable in the others before enrolling. To accommodate international students, the government has rolled out intensive home courses that students can complete before attending a school in the country.

There are also welcoming and insertion classes for secondary school children new to the Luxembourg education system. These classes aim to help students learn the languages and prepare them to transition to general courses.

Useful links

• Ministry of Education, Children and Youth of Luxembourg – Education System

Private schools in Luxembourg

There are a few schools in Luxembourg offering alternative teaching methods, and these are known as private schools. These are either run by the government or are semi-private institutions. Private schools in Luxembourg teach an entirely different curriculum from the national curriculum, while some follow Montessori or Waldorf teaching methods. Some of these schools even teach their curricula in English. School fees at these institutions are state-subsidised, making them relatively affordable.

These schools could be a good middle ground for international students who wish to learn in English but cannot afford the fees at an international school.

International schools in Luxembourg

Luxembourg is home to several international schools that teach foreign curricula in a foreign language. These schools may be the best option for those wanting to continue their home country’s curriculum in their home language. Some international schools teach the globally recognised International Baccalaureate programme.

Fees at international schools can be pricey, but they are also known for offering world-class facilities, a wide slate of extracurricular activities, and exceptional teaching standards. If you're moving to Luxembourg for work, you should negotiate a school allowance into your employment package if you're looking to provide your children with an international education. We recommend that you apply for international schools well in advance, as placement is competitive.

Special-needs education in Luxembourg

Luxembourg has many services in place to assist children with special educational needs. Depending on their needs, they may attend a mainstream school, be partially integrated into both a mainstream and a special-needs school, or attend a local or international special-needs school.

At every level of schooling, there are different government departments and organisations in charge of identifying children’s special needs and finding services to support them. If attending a mainstream school, the services available to children with special educational needs include after-school homework assistance, special classes and extra lessons during the holidays or after school hours.

Children with mental or physical disabilities are eligible to receive benefits from the government to pay for their care requirements. Parents must apply for these benefits with the Children's Future Fund office.

Useful links

• Ministry of Education, Children and Youth of Luxembourg – Special-needs Support
• Children's Future Fund – Allowances

Tutors in Luxembourg

Parents looking to assist their children with learning the local languages or adjusting to the new school curriculum may consider hiring a local tutor. These tutors can also help your children with any subjects they may be struggling with.

Luxembourg has a range of companies and individuals who provide tutoring services. There are options available for private at-home tutoring lessons, as well as attending lessons at a tutoring school. Before hiring a private tutor or signing on with any tutoring companies, we recommend that parents enquire at their child’s school or ask other local or expat parents for recommendations.

Useful links

• Etic Academy
• Réussit’school
• Cours At Home

Luxembourg's quality of life ranks consistently highly among the world's most popular expat destinations. With a government that looks after its residents and values well-being, Luxembourg has an extraordinary number of pros that could convince anyone who is uncertain about making the move to this small, landlocked European country.

That said, as with any country, there are downsides to life in Luxembourg too. We’ve put together a list of pros and cons of moving to Luxembourg.

Accommodation in Luxembourg

+ PRO: Expats face no restrictions when buying homes in Luxembourg

While renting is the better option for those not planning to stick around for the long term, if you're planning to move to Luxembourg permanently, you should certainly consider buying property in the country. There are no restrictions for foreigners, and homes that are up for sale are also much more ubiquitous and varied than rentals.

- CON: The number of rentals available is limited

Luxembourg has a large foreign population that prefers to rent rather than buy accommodation. Sadly, the demand for rentals exceeds the supply, and the vast majority of available properties in the country are for sale only. If you want to rent in Luxembourg, you are generally limited to apartments in the country’s urban centres, which you must apply for quickly to secure.

- CON: Rentals are extremely expensive

On top of it being difficult to find accommodation in the first place, renting is expensive in Luxembourg. In the long term, buying property is much cheaper, but this is not an option for those only staying for a short time. For this reason, many expats rent more affordable properties in a neighbouring country and commute to Luxembourg.

Transport in Luxembourg

+ PRO: Expats can easily travel to neighbouring countries

Luxembourg has a dense and efficient transport system that covers the entire country and extends into neighbouring France, Belgium, and Germany. You can hop on a bus or train and cross Luxembourg’s border for a weekend or day trip or as part of your daily commute. Cross-border trains and buses run regularly, and tickets are cheap.

+ PRO: Public transport is free

Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make public transport free for all, including residents and tourists. Tickets must only be purchased when travelling first class or across one of the country’s borders. This includes all trains, buses, and Luxembourg City’s tram line.

- CON: Luxembourg has only one airport

Thanks to its compact size, Luxembourg's single airport serves the country well. The only downside to Findel Airport is its limited routes to a few destinations. Although this list is expanding, it currently covers Europe, a few African countries, and the UAE.

Lifestyle and culture in Luxembourg

+ PRO: Stunning landscapes to explore

With mountains, deep valleys and grassy plains, Luxembourg’s rural countryside is well worth exploring. While the urban centres are also picturesque, the country's beautiful rural scenery and landscapes can be discovered just minutes from the country's cities.

+ PRO: Luxembourg is safe

Luxembourg is economically and politically stable, and crime rates are low. Opportunistic thieving does occur, but not nearly as regularly as in other European countries. Although general awareness of your surroundings is still recommended, you will feel safe and secure in Luxembourg.

- CON: The language barrier

Luxembourg has three official languages, namely Luxembourgish, French and German. The locals will generally speak all three languages well, if not fluently. Although some locals may also speak English, they will not always be willing to assist foreigners who don’t attempt to communicate with them in a local language. Even the smallest effort is appreciated, but those who move without knowledge of French, German or Luxembourgish may struggle initially.

- CON: Making friends with locals can be tricky

Luxembourgers are typically quite private people. This cultural nuance may be difficult for newly arrived foreigners to navigate, as they may find locals reserved and unwilling to share personal information. It is worth studying some of the country's social norms before moving.

Working in Luxembourg

+ PRO: Good work-life balance

If you're moving to Luxembourg for work, you will benefit greatly from the country’s strict labour laws. They protect workers and ensure they enjoy a good work-life balance. Full-time employees work eight hours a day, five days a week. Any overtime is generally paid, but employees are legally prohibited from working more than 48 hours a week. They are also entitled to at least 25 days of leave a year, excluding the ten annual public holidays.

- CON: It’s difficult to get a job as a foreigner

Expats can only be employed if no suitable candidates are registered with the Agency for the Development of Employment (ADEM) to fill the position. Due to this, it can be difficult for expats to find a job in Luxembourg. That said, it’s not impossible, and those with the right credentials may find vacancies in several fields.

Cost of living in Luxembourg

- CON: Luxembourg is relatively expensive

Luxembourg is a rather expensive country. While cheaper than some Western European destinations, you should not underestimate how costly life in the country can be. Accommodation comes at a hefty price, and food, whether shopping for groceries or eating out, is also pricey. That said, you will save money by using the free transport system to get around.

+ PRO: Generally high salaries

High salaries tend to offset the high cost of living in Luxembourg. Although a luxurious life may be out of reach for some expats, they can live comfortably in the country on a local salary.

Schools in Luxembourg

+ PRO: The education system is excellent

Luxembourg boasts an outstanding education system. From the age of 11, children can choose between a traditional or vocational route. By the time they reach the end of their schooling, they will be well set up to go on to university or college or to start working.

- CON: The language barrier in schools

Language teaching is at the heart of the education system in Luxembourg, and by the time school is complete, all children in Luxembourg will be able to speak all three local languages well, if not fluently. If you're moving to Luxembourg with no prior knowledge of any local languages, your children will have quite a big obstacle to overcome if they wish to attend a local school.

That said, there are courses and classes expats can attend that will help with the transition. Alternatively, there are private English-medium schools in Luxembourg, some of which are government-subsidised. Although these charge high fees, international schools are also an option.

Healthcare in Luxembourg

+ PRO: Luxembourg has a high standard of healthcare

Luxembourg is home to one of the best state-sponsored healthcare systems in Europe, which is available for free or at subsidised rates to all legal residents. If you're employed in Luxembourg, compulsory contributions to the healthcare system will be taken from your salary each month, and this system will pay for around 84 percent of all treatments included in state coverage. You can also choose your doctor, specialist and hospital, and emergency care is free at all large state hospitals.