Living in Bangladesh 

Known for its lush green landscapes, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality, Bangladesh is a unique destination for expats seeking adventure and professional opportunities. The country boasts picturesque rivers, the world's longest unbroken sea beach in Cox's Bazar, and the breathtaking Sundarbans mangrove forest, home to the elusive Bengal tiger. 

Expats moving to Bangladesh will find modern amenities in cities like Dhaka and Chittagong, including international schools, shopping malls, hospitals, and entertainment hubs. While infrastructure is still developing, major cities provide a comfortable lifestyle with a blend of local and international influences. 

Many expats move to Bangladesh for lucrative work and business opportunities, while others are on humanitarian missions. Thanks to its rapidly growing economy and strategic location in South Asia, the country is also gaining traction as a destination for investors. 

Working in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh's economy is emerging, and the local workforce lacks specialised skills. As such, many large corporations and multinational companies employ expats to fill these gaps. Key industries needing specialist and technical skills include textiles and garments, technology, agriculture, and manufacturing.  

Some expats work for the many NGOs in the country. Teaching opportunities at international schools are also available. Bangladesh is investing in infrastructure development, creating opportunities for expats with engineering expertise.

Expats can secure jobs through recruitment agencies, job portals, and networking. Large multinational companies and NGOs typically post openings on their websites.  

You will need a work visa and a work permit to work in Bangladesh legally. The employer typically sponsors these.  

Working in Bangladesh
Doing Business in Bangladesh

Local culture in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh is a culturally rich country with deep-rooted traditions. The people are hospitable and value respect, modesty, and family ties.  

Expats will have to adjust to 'Bangladeshi time'. Locals frequently take a relaxed approach to time, meaning appointments and meetings may not happen at their scheduled time. Although English is widely spoken in the country's urban areas, it may be worthwhile to learn a few key phrases of Bengali (Bangla). 

Most Bangladeshi workplaces are generally hierarchical, with seniority and age being highly respected. Building relationships is crucial in professional settings, and you will need to be patient due to slower bureaucratic processes. 

Local Culture in Bangladesh

Cost of living in Bangladesh 

The cost of living in Bangladesh is incredibly low compared to Western countries. That said, if expats choose to live a Western lifestyle, costs can quickly add up.   

Some expats will be fortunate enough to have their housing covered by their employers, while others may receive housing allowances, easing the burden of accommodation expenses. Bangladesh faces frequent power outages, so you'll have to budget for alternative energy sources.  

Private healthcare and international education are also likely to be significant expenses. Otherwise, everything from groceries to entertainment remains affordable for most expats.

Accommodation in Bangladesh 

Apartments are the most common form of housing for expats in Bangladesh's major cities. Families regularly opt for houses in gated communities, which provide security and shared amenities like gyms and swimming pools. 

Although accommodation in Bangladesh is mainly affordable, finding an apartment that suits Western standards may be challenging. Fortunately, many employers offer some form of housing assistance to their expat employees. If you have to go through the process alone, we recommend working with a real estate agent and renting short-term accommodation while looking for a long-term home.   

Accommodation in Bangladesh

Living in Bangladesh with children 

As a family-orientated society, Bangladesh is a wonderful place to raise kids. That said, living in Bangladesh with children does come with a set of challenges.  

There are a few international schools in Dhaka, and several international schools offer globally recognised curricula, like the International Baccalaureate and British systems. Healthcare and public transport infrastructure may not be up to the standards many expats are used to, however.

Many expat families will enjoy the added benefit of being able to afford domestic help and childcare, which may have been out of reach in their home countries. Some families will also have a driver to help them navigate Bangladesh's notorious traffic congestion.  

There'll also be plenty to explore on the weekends. Families in Dhaka will enjoy visiting the Dhaka Zoo and Shishu Park and learning local crafts like alpana painting. Those looking to escape the city can take a trip to Cox's Bazar Beach or the Shuvolong Waterfalls.  

Education and Schools in Bangladesh

Healthcare in Bangladesh 

The public healthcare system in Bangladesh is underfunded and will not be up to the standard of most Western expats. For that reason, expats usually visit the private hospitals in Dhaka and Chittagong. While these hospitals are generally adequate, you may need to be evacuated to a nearby country for complex procedures.  

Many employers will provide comprehensive health insurance as part of the relocation package. If not, we recommend purchasing medical insurance that covers international care. Pharmacies are widely available in cities like Dhaka but may be difficult to access in rural areas.   

Getting around in Bangladesh 

Getting around in Bangladesh is not easy without private transport. Even so, traffic congestion is a major challenge in cities like Dhaka, and the country is known for its high road fatality rates.  

Some companies provide their employees, especially executives, with a car and local driver when they move to Bangladesh.

Public transport is largely unreliable, but rickshaws, which are often affordable, can be used for shorter distances. Buses and trains are frequently overcrowded, and the schedule can be difficult to pin down, which can be frustrating for those from countries with efficient public transport systems.   

Climate in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with three distinct seasons. Summer is typically from March to June, with temperatures reaching highs of 104°F (40°C). Winters (November to February) are mild and dry. 

The monsoon season usually lasts from June to October, and occasional flooding can occur during this time. We recommend following the news in your local area and heeding any official warnings.

Climate Charts for Dhaka

Moving to Bangladesh offers expats an exciting opportunity to experience a unique culture and a rapidly growing economy. Adjusting to life in this dynamic country can be a rewarding experience with the proper preparation. 

Fast facts 

Population: Over 170 million 

Capital city: Dhaka 

Neighbouring countries: Bangladesh shares a long border with India in the north, east, and west. Myanmar is on Bangladesh's southeast border.

Geography: Bangladesh is flat, with numerous rivers. The country is home to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.  

Political system: Parliamentary republic

Major religions: Islam (majority), but Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity are also represented.

Main languages: The main language is Bengali (officially known as Bangla), but English is widely spoken in business circles. 

Money: The local currency is the Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) 

Tipping: Tipping is not mandatory but is appreciated. In restaurants, leaving a tip of between 5 and 10 percent is customary.  

Time: GMT+6 

Electricity: 220V, 50Hz. Three-pin plugs are typically used, but you can also find two flat parallel pins.  

Internet domain: .bd 

International dialling code: +880 

Emergency contacts: 999 for police, fire, and ambulance services 

Transport and driving: Driving is on the left-hand side of the road. Public transport in Bangladesh is largely unreliable, but you can find buses, trains, and taxis. Ride-hailing services are also available in the major cities like Dhaka. 

Pre-colonial history of Bangladesh

7th century BCE: Early settlements form in Bengal, with communities engaging in agriculture, riverine trade, and craftsmanship. The fertile delta sustains rice farming and supports small trade networks with neighbouring regions. The region's strategic location along major river systems, including the Ganges and Brahmaputra, facilitates trade and communication.

4th–6th century CE: The Gupta Empire governs Bengal, introducing Sanskrit culture, Hinduism, and administrative structures that shape the region’s governance. The influence of Gupta rule contributes to the spread of Brahmanical traditions, while also encouraging advancements in science, mathematics, and literature.

7th–12th century: The Pala Empire, a powerful Buddhist dynasty, dominates Bengal, fostering intellectual and artistic achievements. Trade flourishes with Southeast Asia and the Middle East, as Bengal becomes renowned for its textile and metalwork industries. The Palas construct grand monasteries (mahaviharas), and Buddhist art and architecture flourish.

12th–14th century: The Sena dynasty replaces the Palas, promoting Hindu revivalism and Sanskrit literature. However, growing socio-economic inequalities and political fragmentation weaken their rule. The decline of the Senas creates opportunities for external incursions, eventually leading to the advent of Islamic rule.

Islamic Bengal

1204: The Delhi Sultanate conquers Bengal, bringing Islamic rule and Persianate administration. Muslim merchants, scholars, and Sufi saints settle in Bengal, leading to cultural syncretism. The Sufi movement gains popularity, spreading Islam among the local population.

14th–16th century: The Bengal Sultanate asserts independence from Delhi, flourishing as a commercial and cultural hub. The region becomes known for textiles, attracting global traders from the Middle East, China, and Europe. The Sultanate builds mosques, madrasas, and palaces, many of which still stand today as historical monuments. Persian becomes the language of administration, influencing Bengali culture and literature.

1576: The Mughal Empire incorporates Bengal, boosting trade, agriculture, and urbanisation. Dhaka emerges as a major city. Bengal becomes the empire’s wealthiest province, supplying high-quality textiles and agricultural products. However, the region also experiences frequent rebellions.

Colonial era

1757: The Battle of Plassey marks the beginning of British control, as the East India Company defeats Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and establishes economic dominance. British policies shift the economy toward cash crops, which leads to widespread exploitation of peasants.

1765: The British secure the Diwani of Bengal, effectively controlling the area's revenues. 

1793: The Permanent Settlement Act entrenches the zamindari system, exacerbating peasant hardships by granting landlords unchecked control over taxation.

1857: The Indian Rebellion sees Bengali participation, but British rule is consolidated afterward, transitioning Bengal into direct Crown rule. Dhaka loses much of its former importance, as Calcutta emerges as the colonial capital and commercial centre.

Nationalism and partition

1905: Bengal is partitioned by the British into West Bengal (predominantly Hindu) and East Bengal (predominantly Muslim). Though reversed in 1911, the 1905 Partition of Bengal deepens Hindu-Muslim divides, strengthening the call for separate Muslim representation in politics.

1940: The Lahore Resolution by the Muslim League calls for separate Muslim-majority states for the Muslims of British India, laying the groundwork for Pakistan’s creation. Tensions between Hindu and Muslim communities escalate as nationalist sentiments grow.

1947: British India is partitioned. A a result, Muslim-majority East Bengal becomes a province of the new state of Pakistan, while Hindu-majority West Bengal becomes a state of India.

Towards independence

1952: In East Pakistan, the Bengali Language Movement demands recognition of Bangla (Bengali) as an official language of Pakistan, seeing as it is the majority language in the province. Protesters are killed on February 21, a day now commemorated as International Mother Language Day. This movement strengthens Bengali national identity and opposition to West Pakistani rule.

1956: The Bengali language is granted official status by the central government of Pakistan, after years of unrest related to the issue.

1960s: Political tensions grow as East Pakistan faces economic neglect and cultural suppression. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman emerges as a leader advocating autonomy. His Six-Point Movement gains widespread support, demanding greater provincial autonomy for East Pakistan.

1970: The Awami League, an East Pakistan party, wins Pakistan’s general election with an overwhelming majority but is denied power. Protests escalate as the existing West-Pakistan-based government resists transferring authority. The military is deployed against East Pakistan.

Bangladesh Liberation War

March 1971: The Pakistan Army launches Operation Searchlight in a bid to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in East Pakistan. The operation is designed to take control of all major cities in East Pakistan and eliminate any Bengali opposition. Awami League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is arrested, and the Bangladesh Liberation War begins, as Mukti Bahini (freedom fighters) wage guerrilla warfare against the occupying forces.

December 1971: After months of conflict, Pakistan surrenders, leading to the creation of Bangladesh. Estimates of Bengali casualties during the war range from 26,000 to 3 million.

Post-independence challenges

1972: Bangladesh adopts a secular constitution under Sheikh Mujib’s leadership, focusing on rebuilding war-ravaged infrastructure and economy.

1974: A severe famine devastates the country. Foreign aid is slow to arrive, worsening the humanitarian crisis. This, combined with a failed nationalisation programme, caused widespread dissatisfaction with the government. 

1975: Sheikh Mujib and most of his family are assassinated by a group of army rebels as part of a military coup. Political instability follows, with multiple coups, counter-coups and leadership changes, setting the stage for military rule.

Military rule and democratic transition

1977–1990: Military rulers govern Bangladesh throughout this period, promoting market reforms but suppressing opposition.

1991: Bangladesh returns to parliamentary democracy. Khaleda Zia (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) and Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) emerge as key political figures, alternating in power amid political rivalries and protests.

21st-century developments

2008: Awami League wins elections, initiating major infrastructure projects and economic reforms, including investments in energy and transportation.

2013: War crimes trials convict key figures from the 1971 war, causing political tensions and leading to violent protests.

2019: Sheikh Hasina wins re-election, continuing economic growth but facing criticism over press freedom and human rights concerns.

2020s: Bangladesh emerges as a major player in textile exports and infrastructure development but faces challenges related to climate change, political stability, and governance reforms. Despite economic progress, income inequality remains a pressing issue.

The weather in Bangladesh is hot and humid for most of the year, with day-to-day conditions determined by the monsoon. Accordingly, the year is divided into wet and dry seasons.

Monsoon season is from April to October, although rains sometimes continue into November. As the monsoon approaches, the temperature begins to climb in March, bringing stifling heat and humidity. During this time of year, temperatures often reach 95°F (35°C) inland, while coastal areas are slightly cooler at around 90°F (32°C). The heavy monsoon rains begin in late May or early June, cooling down the temperature a few degrees. These conditions persist until October when the monsoon begins to retreat.

December heralds the start of the winter, which continues into January. Temperatures drop to a more bearable level, with some days as cool as 68°F (20°C). Fog may occur during this time of year. These conditions don’t last long, though; by February, temperatures will begin to increase once more in the lead-up to monsoon season.

Expats should be mindful of the heat and stay out of the sun in the hottest hours. Be sure to stay hydrated. Floods can occur during monsoon season, so it’s best to be prepared and follow government directives in poor weather conditions.

Expats should be able to access a good quality of education and schools in Bangladesh. This is largely because most expats can afford to bypass the public education sector and enrol their children in one of Bangladesh’s many international schools.

Although international school fees can be costly, these schools offer foreign and globally recognised curricula, such as that of the UK, US and the International Baccalaureate (IB). Teaching is in the language of the school’s sponsoring country, most often English.

Public schools in Bangladesh

Home to the world’s fifth-largest population, Bangladesh faces many challenges when it comes to education. The public schooling system in Bangladesh suffers from underfunding, particularly in rural areas. Overcrowding is also a major issue. As a result, the quality of schooling is inconsistent.

Although the national curriculum is available in both Bengali and English, public schools tend to teach in Bengali. Private schools are more likely to teach in English.

Useful links

• Board of Education, Bangladesh

Private and international schools in Bangladesh

Private schools in Bangladesh can vary in quality but are still usually in better condition than public schools. As most teach in English, they can be a good middle-ground option. Most standard private schools teach the national curriculum, which may not be ideal for expat children.

International schools offering foreign curricula are often the best choice for international families. Teaching globally recognised programmes, international schools ease the transition between schools, no matter where in the world you go next.

A number of international schools can be found in Bangladesh, particularly in Dhaka. The British curriculum, including the Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels, is particularly popular. There are also a few schools teaching the IB, plus a handful that offer other options, such as the Australian or American curriculum.

If you’re moving to Bangladesh for work, it’s a good idea to propose that international school fees be included in your relocation package. Bear in mind that beyond tuition, there are usually additional costs for textbooks, school lunches and excursions.

Useful links

• InternationalSchoolSearch.com – International Schools in Bangladesh

Special educational needs in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, there are government policies relating to the education of children with special needs that aim for inclusivity. In practice, the already under-resourced schooling system struggles to provide the kind of environment promised by special-needs policies.

International schools, with their smaller class sizes and ample resources, are typically a better option for children with special needs. Some schools offer specialised support, although this may cost extra on top of school fees.

Tutors in Bangladesh

For globally mobile families, hiring a tutor is a fantastic way to give your child a boost, whether it’s to prepare for upcoming exams, assist with a problem subject, or help transition to a new curriculum.

There’s a wide range of both local and international tutoring companies available online and in person in Bangladesh. You can also try asking teachers or fellow parents at your child’s school for tutor recommendations.

Useful links

• TeacherOn
• Apprentus

Bangladesh is a warm and vibrant country rich in history and traditions. As an expat, you’ll quickly notice how the local community weaves together threads of hospitality, strong family values, and a deep respect for religious customs.

Adapting to Bangladesh’s culture requires openness, patience, and a willingness to engage with local customs. Embracing the diverse and flavourful local cuisine is a fun way to connect, whether sampling biryani, hilsa fish, or traditional sweets like pithas. Accepting invitations from local families and neighbours can help you build relationships faster – and refusing food or drink is generally seen as impolite.

Immersing yourself in the country’s festivals is another brilliant way to experience Bangladeshi culture firsthand. From the lively celebrations of Bengali New Year (Pohela Boishakh) to religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Durga Puja, and Buddha Purnima, there’s always a lively event around the corner. 

Volunteering or joining cultural exchange programmes offers further opportunities to mingle with locals, foster friendships, and deepen your understanding of everyday life in Bangladesh.

Language barrier in Bangladesh

Bangla (commonly referred to as Bengali) is the primary language spoken across the country. English is fairly widespread in urban centres and among the educated population, but some misunderstandings may arise in more rural areas. Picking up a few phrases can open doors and foster amicable connections.

When it comes to improving your language skills, consistency is key. Allocating 15 to 30 minutes each day to language apps, online courses, or YouTube channels helps build your vocabulary and listening comprehension. Watching local TV shows or news programmes is also an excellent way to familiarise yourself with accents and common expressions.

Apart from spoken language, be aware of non-verbal cues. Pointing with your finger is considered rude – use an open palm instead. Avoid using your left hand for passing items or eating, as it’s traditionally considered unclean. Physical contact between opposite genders is limited in public, so if you’re used to casual hugging or cheek-kissing in social settings, it’s better to keep those gestures private or wait until you’re certain your Bangladeshi friends are comfortable.

Cultural differences in Bangladesh

Family ties and community values are central to Bangladeshi society. Traditional practices like removing one’s shoes before entering a home illustrate the respect and hospitality ingrained in daily life. Embracing these customs can enrich your experience and help you build meaningful relationships with locals.

In recent years, local customs have evolved in step with global influences. Younger generations in urban areas might be more accepting of Western culture, while rural communities often remain more traditional, placing a strong emphasis on family structures and religious observances. Generational differences can affect everything from attitudes toward marriage and work-life balance to the degree of formality in social interactions.

Time in Bangladesh

Time in Bangladesh can feel fluid if you’re used to punctual schedules. Being on ‘Bangladeshi time’ often means events and appointments may run later than expected, so it’s best to keep an open mind. This easygoing pace can be refreshing, encouraging you to slow down and take life as it comes.

Learn to mentally build in a buffer – extra minutes on either side of events. Patience goes a long way when colleagues or clients run behind.

Observing local customs also helps. Make room in your diary for traffic delays, especially in Dhaka. Respect prayer times and public holidays. Locals appreciate a cool-headed approach; learn to roll with last-minute changes, and you’ll thrive.

Meeting and greeting in Bangladesh

Meeting and greeting in Bangladesh can vary depending on someone’s background or region. Handshakes are usual among men, but the opposite sex may prefer a nod or smile before offering a handshake. Many locals use the traditional Islamic salutation ‘As-salamu alaykum’, while Hindus might say ‘Nomoshkar’. A friendly smile often breaks the ice.

Keep in mind that public displays of romantic affection are uncommon. At the same time, same-gender friends may walk arm-in-arm with no romantic intent. Gestures like pointing a finger can offend, so use an open palm instead. Never show the soles of your feet when seated – Bangladeshis consider it rude.

Professional encounters tend to be more formal. Colleagues typically address each other by titles or surnames, and conservative business attire is standard. Personal interactions allow more relaxed communication, although politeness is still prized. Bringing a small token when invited to someone’s home is warmly received.

Religion in Bangladesh

Religion in Bangladesh influences daily life across the country. Islam is the predominant faith, although Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism also have notable followings. Major festivals, such as Eid-ul-Fitr, Durga Puja, and Christmas, unite families and friends in lively celebrations. You are not obliged to join in, but showing respect by attending or observing thoughtfully fosters goodwill.

Major religious events can affect your routine. Public holidays may close businesses for days, and roads get jammed as people travel home to celebrate. Planning ahead can help reduce the disruption.

During Ramadan, it’s polite to avoid eating or drinking in public during daylight hours. Simple gestures like wishing someone 'Eid Mubarak' on Eid or ‘Shubho Bijoya’ after Durga Puja will delight locals.

Bureaucracy in Bangladesh

The bureaucracy in Bangladesh can test your patience, and keeping a sense of humour may smooth the process. Paperwork for visas and administrative matters can be lengthy, so start early and keep documents in order. Local officials tend to be most helpful when you’re respectful and persistent.

LGBTQ+ in Bangladesh

LGBTQ+ in Bangladesh is shaped by traditional values and legal sensitivities. Homosexuality is illegal under Bangladeshi law, and as a result it's not widely supported or tolerated by the population. Discussions about sexual orientation and gender identity can raise locals’ eyebrows, and public displays of affection are generally frowned upon. This conservative environment means that those seeking connection or support typically seek out discreet in-person communities.

Private networks like Boys of Bangladesh and Bandhu Social Welfare Society offer safe forums where you can engage with others and receive counselling. International helplines aimed at South Asians, such as DeQH, also provide confidential support if you prefer anonymity. Safety is paramount, so trust your instincts and never disclose more than you’re comfortable with.

Women in Bangladesh

Women in Bangladesh hold diverse roles in both professional and domestic spheres. Conservatism around dress and public behaviour can vary, especially outside the major cities. By respecting local norms, you can negotiate social settings more confidently and comfortably.

Expectations for women often differ between traditional and professional contexts. In rural communities, women are expected to manage household tasks and childcare, sometimes under strict social rules. Urban workplaces feature a rising number of female leaders, although challenges such as bias and work-life balance remain. Many women straddle both worlds, carrying the weight of cultural expectations alongside modern ambitions.

Politics in Bangladesh

Politics in Bangladesh can be lively, with heated debates and high-stakes election seasons. You may encounter intense discussions at gatherings, and locals may ask for your perspective. It’s often best for expats to stay on the fence in public since overtly siding with one party or another can stir strong reactions, especially since the interim government was instated.

Reliable English-language news sources like The Daily Star and the Dhaka Tribune offer good coverage of current events. The International Crisis Group and Human Rights Watch sometimes publish analyses of Bangladesh’s political climate. Engaging with expat networks can keep you informed about local changes without raising eyebrows.

Despite recent political instability, Bangladesh remains one of South Asia's fastest-growing economies. Expats seeking to work in Bangladesh are often drawn by the attractive salary packages and the country's relatively low cost of living.

That said, as an emerging economy, Bangladesh may not offer many of the creature comforts expats are used to, so it's essential to be prepared for everything that comes with working there. Nevertheless, with a thriving job market, a demand for specialised skills, and a diverse work culture, Bangladesh offers a unique professional experience.  

Job market in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh has seen impressive growth in the textiles and garments, information technology, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, and finance industries. Additionally, infrastructure development and energy sectors are expanding, creating openings for professionals with technical expertise. If you have expertise in production management and supply chain logistics, you may find a wealth of opportunities in the manufacturing and engineering sectors.  

If you're looking to work in Bangladesh, you will be delighted to find that English is widely used in the corporate sector, particularly in multinational companies, NGOs, and IT firms. Be that as it may, knowledge of Bengali (Bangla), the official language, can be advantageous when working with local businesses and government entities.  

Dhaka is Bangladesh's primary commercial centre, home to many multinational companies and corporate headquarters. Expats may also base themselves in Chittagong, Bangladesh's largest port city. Depending on which industry an expat works in, both these cities provide various opportunities.

Finding a job in Bangladesh 

Finding a job in Bangladesh requires a strategic approach. Most expats move to the country with a job, while others move on an intra-company transfer. 

International companies, NGOs, and multinational organisations operating in the country usually hire foreign professionals for specialised roles. You can explore job opportunities through online job portals, professional networking sites like LinkedIn, and company websites. Major job portals in Bangladesh include Bdjobs.com and MyJob.com. 

Recruitment agencies are not as popular as in some Western countries, but a few international firms and specialised headhunters operate in the market, particularly for executive-level roles. You may also benefit from networking with industry professionals and attending business events to connect with potential employers. 

Expats must obtain a work visa and work permit before starting employment in Bangladesh. Generally, the employer sponsors these documents, which the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (BIDA) issues. Expats must secure the necessary documentation, as working without proper authorisation can lead to serious legal problems and fines. 

Useful links 

• Bdjobs.com 
• MyJobs.com 
• LinkedIn  

Work culture in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh's work culture varies across industries but is typically hierarchical and relationship-driven. In corporate environments, respect for seniority and authority is important, and decision-making is often centralised at the top levels of management.  

As is typically the case in most Asian countries, Bangladesh emphasises teamwork and harmony in the workplace over individual accomplishments. Expats may find that building strong personal relationships with colleagues and business partners is crucial to professional success. 

Business meetings frequently include informal discussions before getting to the main agenda, as building rapport is highly valued. It's also fairly common for business associates to arrive late to meetings or for meetings to run over time. We recommend exercising patience in any of these instances. 

Working hours in Bangladesh typically follow a Sunday to Thursday schedule, with Friday and Saturday as the weekend. Longer working hours are common in the garment and manufacturing industries, whereas NGOs and IT firms may offer more flexible schedules. 

Safety in Bangladesh will be a key concern for expats moving to the country. Bangladesh faces numerous challenges, including crime, terrorism and a tenuous political situation. Stay safe and take precautions wherever possible. Here are some security tips to ensure your time in Bangladesh is as safe as possible.

Crime in Bangladesh

Crime in Bangladesh is often opportunistic. Pickpockets or bagsnatchers take advantage of crowds, targeting distracted individuals who aren’t paying attention to their surroundings. This is especially common on public transport in Bangladesh. Criminal gangs have been known to target passengers on rickshaws, trains or buses.

When out and about or on public transport, remain vigilant, keeping belongings close and valuables out of sight. It’s also best not to travel on public transport alone or at night.

Ensure your home in Bangladesh is properly secured. Hiring private security is a good idea if you can afford it. Otherwise, take extra care to lock and secure your home at night or when leaving the house.

Terrorism in Bangladesh

There is a risk of terrorism in Bangladesh. Attacks are sometimes indiscriminate and other times targeted at a particular group, so it’s difficult to predict when and where the next attack may occur. That said, attacks are especially likely to occur on national holidays and at places of worship. Always be alert when out and about, and be sure to regularly consult reliable sources for up-to-date information.

Protests in Bangladesh

Avoid all protests, rallies and demonstrations in Bangladesh. These gatherings can quickly turn violent and may escalate into a dangerous situation. Keep an eye out for news of upcoming protests, and always avoid the area in question on the day of the protest. If you are caught up in a crowd, calmly leave the area as quickly as possible.

Bangladesh is a rapidly growing economy with a dynamic business environment. Expats looking to do business in Bangladesh will find a mix of traditional and modern business practices influenced by strong cultural values.  

Fast facts 

Business hours 

Business hours typically run Sunday through Thursday from 9am to 5pm. The weekend falls on Friday and Saturday, and many businesses are closed on Fridays. 

Business language 

Bengali is the official language, but English is widely used in business and official settings. 

Business dress 

Most industries expect employees to wear formal and conservative attire. Men typically wear suits or dress shirts with trousers, while women should dress modestly, often opting for formal Western or traditional wear like sarees or salwar kameez. 

Gifts 

Gifts are not mandatory but are appreciated. Small items such as chocolates, sweets, or souvenirs from your home country are well received.  

Avoid giving alcohol and overly expensive gifts. When giving or receiving items, always use the right hand, as the left hand is considered unclean in Bangladeshi culture. 

Greetings 

A handshake is the most common form of greeting between men. Women may greet with a nod or verbal acknowledgement, as physical contact between opposite genders can be frowned upon.

Gender equality 

While Bangladesh is making strides in gender equality, business remains male-dominated. Women in leadership positions are respected, but may encounter traditional views in some sectors. 

Business culture in Bangladesh

Communication 

Bangladeshi people frequently communicate indirectly and avoid direct refusals or confrontation to maintain harmony. Expats will have to discern when a yes is an actual agreement and when a yes means no, which can initially be challenging. 

Non-verbal cues and context play a significant role in conversations, so reading between the lines is essential. The locals value building relationships with business associates, so expect discussions to start with small talk about family or general topics before moving into negotiations.  

Time 

While punctuality is valued, meetings often start late, and a flexible approach to time is common. Expect delays in decision-making, as processes can be bureaucratic and involve multiple approvals. 

Hierarchy 

Business structures in Bangladesh are hierarchical, with decisions typically made by senior executives. Respecting authority figures is crucial, and addressing people with appropriate titles is expected. Deference to age and seniority is typical, so younger professionals should be particularly respectful when engaging with senior counterparts. 

Meetings 

Meetings may begin with informal conversation before getting to business matters. Decisions are typically made collectively but approved by senior management. Business negotiations can take time, as building relationships and trust is a priority. 

Dos and don'ts of business in Bangladesh 

• Do take time to establish trust and rapport with partners and clients. 
• Do exercise patience, as decision-making can be slow due to hierarchical structures and bureaucratic processes. 
• Don't be too direct with your local colleagues; criticism or direct refusals can be viewed as rude. Instead, use polite language to navigate sensitive topics. 
• Do show respect to your colleagues and senior managers. Always address people with appropriate titles and use formal greetings. 
• Don't discuss sensitive topics like politics, religion, and Bangladesh's history with neighbouring countries. 
• Do exchange business cards, as this is a common practice in Bangladesh. It should be done with both hands as a sign of respect. 

Renting expat accommodation in Bangladesh can be both an adventure and a challenge. Unlike in many Western countries, where rental listings are streamlined and easily accessible online, the housing market in Bangladesh remains largely informal. 

Expats frequently find themselves quoted higher rents than locals, making bargaining a crucial skill. Additionally, lease agreements are usually in Bengali, requiring translation or legal assistance to avoid misunderstandings.

Expect cultural quirks in housing that may take some adjustment. Many apartments have wet-style bathrooms, meaning the shower is not enclosed, causing the entire space to get wet. High-end properties often have dry bathrooms, but older buildings may still feature squat toilets.

Kitchens are another point of difference – many apartments include separate areas for light and heavy cooking due to the prominence of deep frying in local cuisine. Built-in ovens are uncommon, and most expats invest in standalone models. Expats also often employ domestic help, and many upscale apartments include separate quarters for live-in staff.

Types of accommodation in Bangladesh

Expats in Bangladesh have several accommodation options, each varying in size, amenities, and location. Housing choices often depend on factors like length of stay, proximity to workplaces, and personal preferences regarding privacy and cultural immersion.

High-rise apartments dominate urban centres like Dhaka and Chittagong, especially in affluent areas such as Gulshan, Banani, and Baridhara. These buildings often feature security services, elevators, and parking facilities. Sizes range from one to four bedrooms, catering to individuals and families. Low-rise apartments, more common in older parts of the city, provide a local living experience but may lack some modern conveniences.

Detached houses are scarce in central areas but available in suburban regions. These homes offer more space, privacy, and sometimes gardens. Townhouses in select residential neighbourhoods strike a balance between apartment living and standalone homes.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Unfurnished rentals in Bangladesh may differ from what expats are used to in Western countries. Many properties listed as unfurnished include only the bare essentials – walls, floors, and sometimes basic fixtures like ceiling fans and light fittings. Built-in wardrobes, kitchen cabinets, and appliances like stoves or ovens are often absent. Air conditioning and water heaters are not always standard, so you may need to install these yourself.

Semi-furnished apartments often include light fixtures, ceiling fans, kitchen cabinets, and sometimes a basic cooking stove. This is a popular middle-ground option for expats planning a longer stay.

Furnished rentals are more expensive but offer convenience, particularly for those on short-term assignments. These typically include major furniture (beds, sofas, dining tables), appliances (refrigerators, microwaves, and washing machines), and sometimes even cutlery and bedding. Serviced apartments take this further, providing hotel-like services such as cleaning, laundry, and concierge assistance.

If you opt for an unfurnished unit, local retailers like Otobi, Hatil, and Navana Furniture offer a range of furnishing options, while electronics chains such as Walton, Singer, and Transcom stock home appliances.

Short lets

Short-term rentals in Bangladesh cater to business travellers, digital nomads, and expats in transition. These rentals, which include serviced apartments, Airbnb-style properties, and corporate housing, are widely available in major cities like Dhaka and Chittagong.

Most short-term rentals come fully furnished with essential amenities, including high-speed internet, kitchen appliances, and housekeeping services. Utility costs are often included in the rent, making them a hassle-free option. Many serviced apartments offer additional perks like security, concierge services, and laundry facilities.

To secure a short-term rental, expats can use platforms such as HostBangla and Serviced Apartment BD, which specialise in temporary housing solutions. Before committing, always verify rental details, including cancellation policies and deposit requirements.

Useful links

• HostBangla
• Serviced Apartment BD
• Airbnb
• Vrbo
• Cozycozy

Finding accommodation in Bangladesh

Searching for accommodation in Bangladesh can be daunting. The rental market is largely informal, and many landlords rely on word-of-mouth or real estate agents rather than structured online platforms. This makes negotiating the process more challenging, particularly for expats unfamiliar with the local system.

Be cautious of misleading property listings, hidden costs, and unclear lease terms. Visit properties in person, verify what amenities are included, and ensure lease agreements are transparent – preferably in English.

Engaging reputable real estate agents, verifying the landlord’s ownership before making payments, and having lease agreements reviewed by a legal professional can help prevent issues. Most rental agents in Bangladesh primarily speak Bengali, although some real estate agencies in major cities like Dhaka and Chittagong offer services in English.

Real estate agents in Bangladesh usually charge a commission equivalent to one month’s rent. Some agents may attempt to charge more, especially if they realise the tenant is unfamiliar with local norms, so it’s advisable to clarify fees upfront and seek multiple quotes.

Online property portals such as RENTS.com.bd and Banglamart provide a platform for finding listings, but it’s important to verify their authenticity before making any commitments. Many expats also rely on social media groups, particularly Facebook, where property owners and agents regularly post available rentals.

Many international organisations, NGOs, and multinational companies provide housing support for their foreign employees. This can include fully covered accommodations, stipends, or access to a list of pre-vetted rental properties. If you are relocating for work, it’s worth checking whether your employer offers assistance in finding a suitable place to live.

Useful links

• RENTS.com.bd
• Banglamart
• Property Connect BD
• Bproperty

Renting accommodation in Bangladesh

Renting accommodation in Bangladesh involves finding a balance between formal lease agreements and informal negotiations. While written contracts are standard, personal rapport with landlords can influence the terms. Many landlords prioritise reliability and financial stability, so demonstrating a steady income and responsible tenancy can be advantageous.

Politeness and patience are key when negotiating lease terms. Aggressive bargaining is generally frowned upon, and maintaining a respectful tone can improve the overall experience. Landlords may be more flexible with expats who express a long-term commitment or willingness to take good care of the property.

Rent is typically paid monthly, although some landlords may request quarterly payments in advance. Payment methods vary, with bank transfers being the most preferred due to transparency and record-keeping. Mobile financial services like bKash are also popular, while some landlords in less urbanised areas still prefer cash payments.

Making an application

Expats renting in Bangladesh generally need to provide essential documents to secure a lease. These typically include a valid passport and visa, proof of employment (such as an employment contract or salary confirmation letter), and sometimes financial statements to demonstrate income stability. While references from previous landlords are not always mandatory, they can enhance your credibility.

If you are new to Bangladesh and lack local references or a credit history, offering a higher security deposit or advance rent payments can help reassure landlords. Some expats may also secure a company guarantee, where their employer vouches for them.

Deposit

In Bangladesh, security deposits typically range from one to three months’ rent, depending on the property and landlord. While the Premises Rent Control Act of 1991 stipulates that landlords should not demand more than one month’s rent as a deposit, in practice, especially in high-demand areas, landlords often request higher amounts. For premium properties, multiple months’ rent upfront is common.

Security deposits are refundable, provided there is no damage beyond normal wear and tear, no outstanding utility bills and the tenant has given the required notice before vacating. Since the law does not specify a mandatory timeframe for deposit refunds, it is advisable to include a clear clause in the lease agreement stating when and how the deposit will be returned.

Leases

Lease agreements in Bangladesh typically last 12 months. Some landlords prefer longer commitments to ensure tenant stability. Open-ended leases are not very common, and renewal terms should be discussed before the contract expires.

Terminating the lease

The standard notice period for terminating a lease in Bangladesh is three months, applicable to both tenants and landlords. This period allows sufficient time for both parties to make necessary arrangements. The requirement remains the same throughout the lease duration, including the first year.

To avoid deposit deductions, document the property’s condition upon move-in and move-out. Using a checklist and taking photographs can help prevent disputes over damage claims.

Depending on the lease terms, tenants may face penalties for early lease termination, such as losing their security deposit or paying a financial penalty. Some agreements permit subletting, which may provide a viable alternative if an early exit is necessary. It is always advisable to discuss options with the landlord to find a mutually agreeable solution.

Utilities in Bangladesh

When renting accommodation in Bangladesh, understanding how utilities are managed is essential. In most cases, tenants are responsible for paying for electricity, gas, and water separately, though some high-end rentals or serviced apartments may include partial utility coverage in the rent. Confirm your specific utility responsibilities with your landlord before signing the lease.

Electricity

Electricity in Bangladesh is provided by several distribution companies, depending on the region. Dhaka's main providers are Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDC) and Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited (DESCO). Outside Dhaka, the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) oversees distribution.

Most households use postpaid meters, where bills are issued at the end of the billing cycle based on consumption. However, prepaid meters are becoming more common, allowing tenants to pay in advance and monitor their usage to avoid unexpected bills.

Load shedding – scheduled power outages – sometimes occurs, particularly during peak hours or in certain regions. Many apartment buildings have backup generators or inverters to mitigate power interruptions.

Utility bills can be paid through various methods, including mobile financial services like bKash and Nagad, online banking, or in-person at designated bill payment centres. Before moving in, confirm the meter type, average consumption rates, and preferred payment methods with your landlord to avoid any confusion.

Gas

Piped natural gas is available in many urban areas, particularly in Dhaka and Chittagong, though not all neighbourhoods have access to this service. In areas without piped connections, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders are the standard alternative for cooking and heating water.

Safety is a primary concern when using LPG cylinders. They should always be installed by a qualified professional, and hoses and connections should be checked regularly for leaks. Proper ventilation is vital to prevent gas accumulation in case of a leak, and cylinders should be stored upright and away from heat sources.

For piped gas, tenants typically receive monthly bills based on usage. LPG cylinders, on the other hand, must be purchased directly from suppliers or authorised dealers as needed.

Water

Water supply and sewage services in major cities are managed by Water Supply and Sewerage Authorities (WASA), with Dhaka WASA handling the capital’s water system. Tenants usually pay for water separately from rent, receiving monthly bills based on consumption.

Tap water in Bangladesh is not generally considered safe for drinking without treatment. Most residents use water filtration systems or rely on bottled water for drinking.

Bins and recycling

Waste collection services vary by neighbourhood. Some areas offer door-to-door collection, while others require residents to dispose of waste at communal collection points. Pickup schedules differ across locations, so it’s important to check locally for designated collection days.

Recycling infrastructure in Bangladesh is still developing, but informal waste collection and recycling are common. Waste collectors often separate recyclable materials, selling them to processing centres. To understand waste disposal practices in your specific neighbourhood, consult with neighbours, community groups, or property managers.

Internet

Reliable internet access is essential for expats living in Bangladesh. In major cities like Dhaka and Chittagong, fibre-optic broadband is widely available, offering stable speeds suitable for work, streaming, and gaming. Some of the leading internet service providers include Amber IT, Carnival Internet, and RanksNet.

To set up home internet, expats usually need to provide a valid passport and proof of address (rental agreement or utility bill). Installation times vary but typically take a few days to a week.

Mobile data serves as a practical backup option, with major telecom providers like Grameenphone, Robi, and Banglalink offering extensive 4G coverage. 5G is still in its early stages in Bangladesh.

Useful links

• DPDC, DESCO, and Bangladesh Power Development Board
• Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited, and Bashundhara LP Gas Limited
• Dhaka WASA, and Chittagong WASA
• Amber IT, Carnival Internet, RanksNet, and BTCL
• Grameenphone, Robi, Banglalink, and Teletalk Bangladesh Limited