Healthcare in South Africa is very much divided along socioeconomic lines. A massive quality gap exists between the private and public sectors, and, in practice, these systems cater to different populations. The public healthcare system mainly serves a lower income bracket, while those who can afford it use the private healthcare system.

It’s strongly recommended that expats take out health insurance and opt for treatment in private facilities, which generally provide world-class levels of care.

Public healthcare in South Africa

Much of the South African population uses the public healthcare system, which is heavily affected by a lack of resources and funding. The South African government recently announced universal healthcare under the National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill.

Due to funding challenges, the NHI is set to take several years to implement. Currently, fees are still charged according to a patient’s income and number of dependents.

Although usually manned by highly qualified professionals, public hospitals are often poorly maintained. Expats will find minimal creature comforts and will likely come across long queues, dingy exam rooms and overworked staff members.

Useful links

• South African National Department of Health

Private healthcare in South Africa

In contrast to the public health sector, South Africa’s private health sector is excellent. Most cities and towns have a good selection of clinics, hospitals and general practitioners.

The standard of treatment in South African private hospitals is some of the most highly regarded on the continent and, in the opinion of many expats, on par with that of Europe. The medical tourism industry has grown steadily, and many foreigners travel to South Africa for plastic surgery and dental work.

That said, private healthcare in South Africa comes at a price, especially for local workers. Although paying per treatment is possible, medical costs can quickly add up.

Expats should take out private health insurance to protect against the hefty bills accompanying emergency situations, repeat consultations and specialist treatment.

Health insurance in South Africa

An assortment of local medical aid providers and international health insurance companies are available to expats in South Africa.

Local providers offer various schemes and charge progressive monthly premiums. Most local health insurance providers in South Africa require claims to be pre-authorised, which requires people to keep their medical aid cards in their wallets. Some medical aid schemes will have digital cards that you can simply keep on your phone.

Insurance plans can either be comprehensive, covering a range of services, or more basic, serving as backup in the case of an emergency. While hospital plans cover the cost of ambulance transport and hospital stays, these are essentially emergency plans which don’t cover day-to-day medical expenses such as doctor consultations and treatment, dental treatments, and prescription medications.

Expats interested in getting coverage for day-to-day expenses should compare the different packages offered by local insurance providers. Alternatively, you may opt to use international insurance providers. Emergency evacuation insurance is unnecessary, as private South African facilities are adequate.

Pharmacies and medicines in South Africa

Pharmacies are readily available in urban centres and are generally well stocked, but if you’re travelling to outlying rural areas for extended periods, you should pack basic medications. Those living in rural areas may need to travel to larger towns to fill prescriptions.

Health hazards in South Africa

Contrary to popular belief, malaria is not a wide-scale problem in South Africa. That said, there is a narrow high-risk area that stretches across the extreme northeast of the country along the borders with Mozambique, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and Zimbabwe, where taking anti-malarial medication would be wise in peak season. It should be noted that the Kruger National Park is considered a moderate-risk area.

The tap water in South Africa’s cities and towns is typically safe to drink and often of good quality, but caution should be exercised in rural areas.

Although decreasing, prevalence rates remain high for HIV/AIDS, but expats who take appropriate precautions against the disease need not be concerned.

Vaccinations for South Africa

There are several routine vaccinations recommended for travelling to South Africa, including for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), polio, and hepatitis B. There has been an increase in measles cases in South Africa, so a booster shot is essential for those who are already vaccinated.

If you’re from a country where Yellow Fever is endemic, a vaccination against the disease will be required. The rabies, influenza, and Covid-19 are recommended. It’s recommended that older adults who have certain medical conditions like asthma get a pneumonia vaccine.

Emergency services in South Africa

Public ambulance services in South Africa are run provincially, and standards and response times vary. Although technically separate entities, fire and ambulance services cooperate closely. The government employs emergency paramedics and often works with volunteers, especially in outlying areas.

The South African Red Cross and St John’s Ambulance are run by volunteers and supplement the national system. Two private, profit-making national ambulance services, ER24 and Netcare 911, are also contacted via their own emergency numbers. Health insurance providers will have a preferred ambulance service and provide their customers with the corresponding contact numbers.

Ambulance contact details

• Public ambulance services: 10177
• Netcare 911: 082 911
• ER24: 084 124

Many reputable companies offer shipping and air freight services to South Africa. The cost usually depends on the volume of goods, the distance from origin to destination, and the shipping method. Some companies also offer storage services and insurance on goods, although it is a good idea to insure with a company external to the one carrying the goods.

Air freight services are pricier than shipping by sea, but goods will arrive much quicker. Some expats compromise by transporting essentials by air and non-essential, bulkier items by sea.

Shipping goods to South Africa

Shipping goods to South Africa by air or sea freight is easy and will typically take up to 10 weeks in a shared container. The major ports in the country are in Durban, Cape Town, and Johannesburg, but shipping companies offer delivery services to various cities across South Africa.

Shipping costs are typically determined by weight, volume, and whether you opt for a shared or full container if you are shipping by sea. There is a general duty-free allowance for each traveller, but there are specific limitations for new and used goods, wines, spirits, cigarettes, perfume, and tobacco.

Useful links

• South African Revenue Services (SARS) – Customs and Excises

Shipping pets to South Africa

To ship pets to South Africa, you will need a valid import permit and veterinary health certificate. Dogs and cats must be vaccinated against rabies at least 30 days before entering the country and implanted with an ISO-compliant microchip. Pets coming from specific countries such as Australia, the UK, and New Zealand may not require a rabies vaccination.

Pets will be quarantined if the required documentation cannot be presented to the authorities. They will then only be released once the documentation has been received. In addition, dogs from certain countries are subject to a standard quarantine as a matter of course.

Although there are currently no nationwide bans on specific dog breeds, there have been calls to ban power breeds like Pitbull terriers, Rottweilers, and Boerboels. It’s essential to be aware of local attitudes towards these breeds when bringing your furry friends to South Africa.

Crime and safety in South Africa are major factors for expats considering moving to the country. Much of the country’s crime is linked to income inequality.

On a daily basis, theft-related crimes are likely to be the most cause for concern. Violent crimes, on the other hand, are typically linked to gang activity, which is concentrated in particular areas. Expats are far less likely to come across this type of crime.

Burglaries, muggings, petty theft, and hijackings are usually opportunistic, with perpetrators taking advantage of what they consider to be easy targets. You can reduce your chances of falling victim to these types of crimes by being aware of your surroundings, avoiding isolated areas, and investing in home and vehicle security.

Residential safety in South Africa

While burglaries can be a problem in some areas, you can increase your personal safety by contracting an armed response security provider and investing in an alarm system. Many suburban estates also have controlled access, while neighbourhoods without controlled access often have neighbourhood-watch patrols instead, which can also decrease the chance of crime.

There are a few more factors that can improve the residential safety:

• Be vigilant about locking front and back doors at all times, and make sure alarm systems are set before leaving the house
• When choosing a home, it’s a good idea to opt for enclosed neighbourhoods or security villages, apartments with gated security, or areas with effective neighbourhood watches
• Most South African properties have burglar bars installed on windows and safety gates on external doors. Property owners sometimes overlook sliding doors in this respect, but they must also be fitted with safety gates, as they are potentially particularly vulnerable entry points. Burglars have also been known to get through even the smallest of windows, so tiny, innocuous-looking windows should also have burglar bars.
• Extra precautions such as perimeter walls, guard dogs and electric fencing can make the property more secure and are good to have, but aren’t absolutely essential
• A common complaint is that police response is too slow, so you should consider using private security companies with armed response units capable of responding to emergencies

Public transport safety in South Africa

A lack of safe public transport in South Africa poses a frustrating challenge. Minibus taxis, trains, and even certain buses are especially vulnerable to pickpocketing and muggings. It is recommended that you consult trusted locals, such as friends or co-workers, on the safest mode of transport in the area.

There are no underground trains, but the speedy Gautrain operating between Johannesburg and Pretoria provides a safe and effective means of travel, although it is somewhat expensive. The MyCiTi bus services in Cape Town are also widely regarded as a safe option. Still, valuables should still be kept out of sight, and caution is advisable at night, especially when travelling alone.

Transport and Driving in South Africa

Useful links

• Gautrain
• MyCiTi Bus

Scams in South Africa

ATM scams in South Africa are a possibility. Never engage a stranger in conversation while drawing money. Don’t count money in public, and avoid withdrawing large amounts of cash if strangers are watching. If the ATM withholds a card, immediately call the helpline number displayed on the ATM, and do not allow a stranger to assist.

Road safety in South Africa

Road safety in South Africa is an ongoing concern. Reckless driving, especially by minibus taxis, is the cause of many accidents. You should drive defensively, obey the rules of the road, and maintain constant awareness of your surroundings, especially at night. Car doors should be locked and windows rolled up at all times. Drivers should also stick to main routes, park in well-lit areas, keep valuables out of sight, and never pick up hitchhikers.

In certain areas, smash-and-grab thefts and hijackings are threats too; hotspots include residential driveways and traffic lights, particularly those near motorway off-ramps. In these two situations, it is important to keep a sharp eye out for suspicious-looking figures trying to lurk in the car’s blind spot.

Drivers should also ensure they have an escape route by leaving a gap between their car and the car in front of them at traffic lights or by rolling slowly towards the traffic light. Coming to a total stop makes it easier for criminals to approach the car and smash a window.

When parking at night, you should choose a security-patrolled or well-lit area. Informal and formal car-guarding services are common in South Africa. If a car guard offers to keep watch over the car once it has been parked, it’s accepted practice to pay them some change when returning.

Political and social unrest in South Africa

Protests stemming from social inequalities and labour disputes are fairly common in South Africa. These can disrupt traffic and service delivery in the affected area, and violence has erupted occasionally.

Large labour union strikes are usually reported on in advance, and there is normally a notable security presence surrounding such events. Expats should keep abreast of local developments and avoid any affected areas.

Emergency telephone numbers in South Africa

• Emergency services: 10111
• Emergency services (from a mobile telephone): 112
• Ambulance: 10177

Adjusting to the local culture in South Africa will take expats some time, given the country’s complex society and eclectic nature. With many different landscapes, 11 official languages, and a mix of cultures living together, South Africa – often called the Rainbow Nation – can be welcoming but also comes with challenges.

Some expats may have heard scary stories, but they will be relieved to know that there are no wild animals roaming the streets. While crime exists, the media frequently exaggerates it. Overall, public infrastructure is generally good.

Inequality in South Africa

You may be taken aback by the country’s glaring wealth disparity when you initially move to South Africa. It’s not uncommon to see the newest Mercedes-Benz model parked next to someone rummaging through a rubbish bin.

Guilt can overwhelm new arrivals, but you should be careful about indulging beggars or opening your home to those in need. The best way to make a positive difference is to donate to registered charities.

Safety in South Africa

Expats moving to Johannesburg will quickly notice that safety is a big concern. Many homes have high walls, electric fences, and private security guards. Walking alone at night is not advised. For newcomers, the high focus on crime may feel unsettling.

That said, efforts to improve the city are underway, with a stronger focus on reducing crime. More people are now enjoying Johannesburg’s outdoor areas and trendy inner-city spots. In Cape Town, daytime walks on the streets, beaches, and parks are more common, but it’s still important to stay aware and keep valuables hidden.

Time in South Africa

The concept of time in South Africa takes some getting used to for expats settling into their new life. South Africans often measure moments in ‘now’, ‘just now’ and ‘now now’. If you’re struggling to grasp the difference, you needn’t be concerned – even among South Africans, the relative lengths of time that these phrases indicate are debated. The point remains that, for many South Africans, there is no rush if it can be done later.

Conversely, this is not true in the South African business world, which upholds Western standards of punctuality and decorum. It functions relatively efficiently, although social engagements and government enterprises typically function with a lot more flexibility. Expats should not take problems with punctuality or light-hearted rescheduling personally – this is a cultural norm.

Doing Business in South Africa

Social life in South Africa

South Africans of all cultures enjoy a braai, a kind of barbecue which entails cooking meat over hot coals, often accompanied by various salads and sides. Because the hot coals need to cool to the right temperature before the food can be cooked, braais are typically all-day events with attendees relaxing and chatting over a few beers.

Braais frequently happen around sporting events – the country is passionate about rugby, cricket, and soccer (football). While support for local rugby and cricket teams is high, especially at the national level, soccer can probably be considered the favourite national pastime, even if the national team hardly ever performs well on the international stage.

Thanks to the excellent communications infrastructure, keeping in touch in South Africa will be a breeze. While there is room for improvement, there is easy access to moderately fast internet and comprehensive mobile and fixed-line telephone networks.

Internet in South Africa

While South Africa has one of the top 100 broadband speeds in the world, it still falls below the standard of several European and Asian destinations.

ADSL is widely available in South Africa but requires a fixed phone line. Telkom (a largely state-owned enterprise) owns the physical infrastructure of telephone lines throughout the country. ADSL users must, therefore, pay Telkom for line rental and their internet service provider for network access, which can prove expensive.

The good news is that fibre, a faster and often better-value alternative, is becoming increasingly accessible in South Africa as fibre networks are extended.

Major fibre networks include Openserve (owned by Telkom), Vumatel and Frogfoot. These companies lay down and own the fibre lines in various areas. Consumers do not pay fibre companies directly but purchase fibre via an internet service provider. Cost is determined largely by speed and usage. Recommended internet service providers include Afrihost, RSAWEB and Cool Ideas.

Another option for those looking to get online fast is mobile broadband, powered by South Africa’s mobile providers.

Useful links

• Telkom
• Afrihost
• RSAWEB
• Cool Ideas

Mobile phones in South Africa

South Africa has four major mobile providers: Vodacom, MTN, Cell C and Telkom Mobile. Expats can get a pay-as-you-go SIM card if they only plan to be in South Africa for the short term. It’s common to use mobile data to access the internet in South Africa. In the past, prices have been high, but these are slowly coming down due to competition between mobile providers.

Mobile phones can be bought at numerous places, including department shops and speciality cellular phone shops. Costs are reasonable, and people from various backgrounds have mobile phones.

Expats unsure of how long they’ll be in the country should be wary of signing an extended contract – sizeable fees can be attached to early termination, although call rates may be better than pay-as-you-go options. If you’re staying in the country for two years or more, you can take advantage of one of the many competitively priced contract deals available. These usually come complete with a brand-new phone.

Television in South Africa

South Africa’s basic TV options include SABC, a public broadcaster often criticised for its lack of quality content, and eTV, a private channel that provides better news coverage but limited entertainment options.

M-Net is a paid channel with occasional good shows, but most expats prefer DSTV, the country’s largest satellite TV service. DSTV offers many international channels, including M-Net. To get satellite TV, customers must buy a decoder and pay a one-time installation fee. There are different packages available at varying monthly prices.

Streaming services are a newer addition to South Africa’s entertainment scene. The most popular ones are Netflix, Showmax, and Disney+, while Apple TV+ and Amazon Prime are also becoming increasingly popular. These platforms offer a wide range of international movies and shows, and Showmax includes some local content too.

Postal services in South Africa

The South African Post Office is the public postal service, but it is largely ineffective, with many postal offices closing nationwide. You’re better off shipping your packages using private services, which are abundant in South Africa.

The cost of these will vary depending on the size of your package and the distance. Many of these services also offer international shipping services, making it easy to send and receive goods back home.

If you’re looking to work in South Africa, you will need to acquire a work permit, but getting one isn’t always a consistent process. Work permits in South Africa are known as work visas and allow the holder to enter, stay, and work in the country.

There are several visas for expats wanting to work in South Africa, including the General Work Visa, Critical Skills Work Visa and the Intra-company Transfer Work Visa.

Working in South Africa

Applying for a work visa for South Africa

The main consideration for work visas is still whether South African citizens can perform the task in question at the same level as the applicant. The documentation required to prove this is a grey area that partially depends on officials’ personal discretion. As a result, patience and persistence are highly advised for expats who don’t have an employer to organise their permits.

Expats must apply for their visa at a South African mission outside the country the first time they apply. They cannot switch from a visitor visa to a work visa while in South Africa.

Types of work visas for South Africa

General Work Visas

To apply for a General Work Visa, you must have a job offer from a South African employer. General Work Visas are issued for the work contract term, up to a maximum of five years.

Prospective employers must prove that they were unable to find a South African citizen or permanent resident for the expat’s position. Additionally, expat employees have to provide proof that they have the necessary qualifications or skills for the job. Expat employees are also not allowed to earn less than the average salary and benefits earned by citizens and permanent residents in similar positions.

Critical Skills Work Visas

The South African Critical Skills Work Visa enables foreigners working within certain fields to enter the country regardless of whether they have an offer of employment, as long as they have an occupation listed on the government’s critical skills list.

As is the case with General Work Visas, Critical Skills Work Visas can only be issued for five years or less. If you’re an expat looking to obtain a Critical Skills Work Visa, you must have a qualification recognised by the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA).

You will need to prove to the authorities that you’ve obtained employment within 12 months of being issued the visa. The critical skills list identifies the main sectors as engineering, information and communications technology, science, research, and medicine.

Intra-company Transfer Work Visas

Multinational businesses often use this visa to transfer personnel between branches in different countries. The Intra-company Transfer Work Visa is valid for up to four years. Required documentation includes an employment contract and letters from both the transferring company outside of South Africa and the receiving company in South Africa.

Corporate Visas

A Corporate Visa for South Africa enables companies to employ many foreign workers. This visa is typically for organisations that need skilled workers, such as mines or farms. It allows companies to hire foreign nationals under a single visa application.

The company’s total staff complement must be at least 60 percent South Africans, and it must prove that it couldn’t find suitable local employees for the roles. If your employer applies for this visa, it makes the application process easier for you.

Useful links

• Department of Home Affairs – Visas

Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their nearest embassy or consulate for the latest information.

Transport and driving in South Africa can be challenging due to limited public transport options. While there have been efforts to improve public transport in big cities, it remains unreliable. As a result, most people, including expats, choose to buy a car to get around more easily.

Driving in South Africa

Cars in South Africa are somewhat expensive, even though petrol prices are still fairly low compared to Europe.

South Africa’s road network is extensive and is generally in good condition. That said, in some of the more rural parts of the country, potholes can be a problem and can cause severe damage to cars.

In South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road. Traffic, especially in the big cities, might be a bit more chaotic than expats are used to, but it is still far from the level of danger in countries with high road fatality rates, such as Thailand.

Drivers usually stick to their lanes, and when traffic lights (or ‘robots’ as they are referred to in South Africa) aren’t working, the ensuing four-way-stop traffic is usually quite orderly. But don’t be surprised if minibus taxis illegally overtake on the left or perform other alarming and illegal manoeuvres during heavy traffic.

Driver’s licences

Once you are granted permanent residence, you will have one year to convert your driving licence to a South African one. Until then, you can legally drive in South Africa using your home country’s driver’s licence as long as it has a valid photograph of you and is in English.

If your driver’s licence doesn’t meet these requirements, you can use an International Driving Permit (IDP). Some traffic police will try to tell unsuspecting expats that their licences are invalid in hopes of soliciting a bribe, but if you stay firm and know your rights, there is nothing to fear.

Renting a car

While an expat is still in the process of buying a car, or whenever they are travelling in other cities, renting a car in South Africa is a fairly inexpensive option. Most of the major international car hire companies are represented at airports and throughout the main cities. There are also several local car hire companies that might offer more competitive prices, especially for longer-term rentals.

Buying a Car in South Africa

Useful links

• South African Government Information Services – Convert Foreign Driving Licence

Public transport in South Africa

Buses

Metrobus is Johannesburg’s official bus service provider, but routes are limited. Unless you live in or near the city centre, which most expats avoid, you won’t be able to use the Metrobus system to get to work. Another option is the Gautrain bus service. Although designed to link commuters to the Gautrain, this is still a useful system on its own and can be used independently of the Gautrain itself.

Cape Town has a rapid bus service called MyCiTi, which also offers a shuttle service from the airport to the city. Ordinary buses in Cape Town are run by Golden Arrow Bus Services and aren’t particularly reliable. Those more interested in sightseeing than commuting should consider a bus tour. Cape Town’s red Hop-on, Hop-off Tour Bus is a popular way to go sightseeing.

Intercity bus travel is not particularly comfortable or fast, but those who wish to travel this way should go for companies such as Greyhound and Intercape.

Trains

The high-speed Gautrain has been operating in the greater Johannesburg area since 2010 and has been a big success on the few routes available – it is clean, safe and on time. That said, it isn’t developed enough yet to be a viable form of city-wide transport.

The Gautrain connects Johannesburg, Pretoria, and the Oliver Tambo International Airport. The Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) is working on improving rail services across the country, with 27 out of 40 commuter rail corridors reopened after they were vandalised or previously closed.

Minibus taxis

Minibus taxis represent a cross between a bus and a taxi service, and are used by some locals as their only form of public transport. There is an informal route system accompanied by various hand signals given by people waiting for a taxi at the roadside.

Taxis are generally considered unsafe and uncomfortable. Most of them don’t look especially roadworthy, and the hair-raising style of driving typical of taxis causes frequent accidents. As a result, these are rarely used by expats.

Luxury trains

Expats who have time can explore South Africa’s stunning landscapes on a luxury train, mainly running between Johannesburg and Cape Town, with a few other routes available. While not the cheapest way to travel, it offers a very comfortable and luxurious experience. Some routes even allow you to bring a car.

The Blue Train, Premier Classe, and Rovos Rail are the most well-known luxury trains.

Useful links

• Metrobus
• MyCiTi
• Golden Arrow
• Gautrain

Air travel in South Africa

The easiest way to travel around South Africa and to nearby countries is by plane. Domestic flights are available between all major cities, and they are often affordable.

South African Airways is the national airline, while FlySafair, CemAir, and Airlink offer budget-friendly flights between big cities.

Johannesburg’s OR Tambo International Airport is a modern and well-organised hub for travel across Southern Africa. Lanseria Airport, a smaller airport north of Johannesburg, also has daily flights to various destinations, usually at lower prices. Cape Town and Durban also have international airports.

Useful links

• FlySafair
• CemAir
• Airlink

As with any expat destination, life in South Africa comes with unique perks and challenges. Still, many expats will agree that in this case, the pros outweigh the cons, and they end up staying in the country long term.

Below are some of the pros and cons of moving to South Africa.

Accommodation in South Africa

+ PRO: Spacious options are available

In cities like Pretoria and Johannesburg, you can easily rent sizeable freestanding houses in the suburbs with large gardens and often private swimming pools. Townhouses are also popular options if you’re looking for something smaller, as they also usually have a small garden to relax in. Even apartment blocks frequently have communal spaces, including swimming pools and braai (barbecue) areas.

- CON: Renting in major cities can be expensive

As in many countries, renting accommodation in major cities in South Africa can be expensive. With Cape Town, in particular, being a popular tourist destination, many investors buy up properties, which drives monthly rental fees even higher.

Expats could end up spending over a third of their monthly income on rent. The good news for expats heading to Johannesburg is that, although it doesn’t have Cape Town’s oceans or mountains, money goes a lot further here in terms of rent.

- CON: Rotational blackouts

Since 2007, South Africa has experienced electricity supply shortages, and the national electricity supplier, Eskom, has implemented a system of rotational blackouts known as ‘load shedding’. The load shedding applied can change on a weekly or daily basis and varies from making daily life inconvenient to nearly impossible. Although there was a slight improvement in load shedding in 2024, there is still a danger of the system failing.

Accommodation in South Africa 
Accommodation in Johannesburg 
Accommodation in Cape Town

Lifestyle in South Africa

+ PRO: Lovely weather

With plenty of sunshine and warm temperatures throughout most of the year, South Africa’s pleasant climate makes the country perfect for expats who enjoy being outdoors.

+ PRO: Easy to make friends

South Africans are known to be some of the friendliest people in the world, so you should have no problem making friends and finding help when they are lost in your city. Many South Africans also enjoy being active, meaning there are tons of opportunities to join local hiking, running or sports clubs.

- CON: Very laid-back approach to time

Sometimes the lifestyle in South Africa can be a little too laid-back. The famous South African term ‘now-now’ is a vague and ambiguous way of measuring time. If someone says they’ll do something ‘now-now’, that could mean immediately, in a few minutes or a few hours. This could frustrate expats as things may not happen as quickly as they are used to.

Climate Charts for South Africa

Safety in South Africa

+ PRO: Safe for the LGBTQ+ community

South Africa has enshrined equal treatment of the LGBTQ+ community in its constitution and recognises same-sex marriage. Cape Town, in particular, has a thriving LGBTQ+ culture and is often referred to as the ‘gay capital of Africa’.

All of this has made South Africa a safe destination for queer travellers. Of course, there will always be exceptions in any country, and some areas are more conservative than others – however, in general, LGBTQ+ expats shouldn’t experience serious homophobia here.

- CON: High crime rates

Expats do need to be aware that South Africa has one of the highest crime rates in the world. It is important to take sensible safety precautions to reduce the chance of being seen as an ‘easy target’ for crimes such as robbery, muggings, smash-and-grabs and hijackings.

Safety in South Africa

Working in South Africa

+ PRO: Relaxed work culture

In keeping with the country’s generally laid-back attitude, South Africa’s work culture tends to be relaxed and informal. South Africans have a ‘work to live’ mindset rather than ‘live to work’ – they’re hard workers while on the job, but personal time is typically respected once the workday ends.

- CON: Visas can take long

Expats can’t get a job in South Africa without a visa. Unfortunately, paperwork in the country is notorious for moving slowly, and it can be difficult to predict how long a visa approval will take. Many employers prefer to avoid this complex and frustrating process, rather opting to hire someone local if possible. That said, expats with critical skills will have a much easier time with this.

- CON: Low wages and limited perks

Wages are low if you earn in the local currency. Employers are only required to give 15 days of annual leave a year, which may shock expats from countries with more generous leave policies. Many companies don’t offer standard perks like a pension or medical aid assistance, which means workers have added stress to cover these needs independently.

Working in South Africa 
Visas for South Africa

Healthcare in South Africa

- CON: Inadequate public healthcare

Public healthcare in South Africa may be inexpensive, but it is generally not up to the standards that most expats are used to. Public hospitals are understaffed, under-resourced, and overcrowded. This makes for a long and arduous process, regardless of whether you are there for something as innocuous as a medication pick-up or for more serious situations such as surgeries and emergencies. Creature comforts are few and privacy is lacking.

+ PRO: Excellent private healthcare

Fortunately, high-quality private healthcare is readily available. This makes up for the lack of public healthcare facilities. Visits to a private general practitioner are reasonably priced. South Africa also has various health insurance schemes for expats to choose from.

Healthcare and Health Insurance in South Africa

Education and schools in South Africa

- CON: Public schools can lack funding

Public education in South Africa is government-funded, meaning each province is responsible for financing schools. The resources a school receives will largely depend on how wealthy the province is, meaning public schools in the larger cities are often better equipped than those in the rural areas. That said, fee-paying public schools in South Africa typically offer higher standards that may be up to expats’ standards.

+ PRO: Variety of high-quality private and international schools

South Africa is home to many excellent private and international schools in South Africa. Expat parents can decide between private schools offering the local curriculum or the International Baccalaureate system, or international schools offering the British or American curricula. Private schools are high-quality and are usually more affordable than international schools, making them a great choice for expat parents planning to stay in South Africa long term.

Education and Schools in South Africa

Depending on where they’re from and how long they intend to stay, most expats will need a visa for South Africa. Citizens of visa-exempt countries such as the UK, Canada, the US and several others won’t need a visa if they’re staying for 90 days or less and are in the country for tourism or business purposes.

Holders of passports from non-exempt countries and those wanting to stay longer to study, volunteer or work in South Africa will have to apply for a visa beforehand.

It’s worth noting that only visa renewals or extensions can be done in South Africa – expats won’t be able to change from, for example, a visitor’s visa to a work visa from within the country. To change to a new visa category, an expat would need to return to their country of origin and submit the relevant application at a South African embassy.

Check out the Department of Home Affairs website for more information on South African visas.

Visitor visas for South Africa

Short-term visitor visas for South Africa are often issued for tourism, visiting family or friends, attending a business conference or seeking medical treatment in the country.

To apply for a visitor visa, you’ll need a passport that is valid for at least 30 days after your intended departure date from South Africa. Your passport must also have two blank pages.

You’ll also need to complete an application form (BI-84) and documents proving the reason for your visit. Expats will also need proof of onward travel and proof of financial means to support themselves during their stay in the country.

Temporary residence visas for South Africa

Expats planning to stay in South Africa for over three months will need a temporary residence visa. This is sorted into different categories depending on what the applicant intends to do, such as moving to study, work, start their own business or receive medical treatment.

Each type of temporary resident visa has its own specified period of validity. Work visas, for instance, are typically issued for two years, while medical treatment visas are issued for six months at a time and are eligible for extension. Expats will be delighted to find that they can apply for an extension online, but this must be done at least 60 days before the current visa expires.

Similarly to visitor visas, you’ll need a valid passport, completed application forms (DHA-1738), and the supporting documents based on your visa type. This may include a job offer letter for work visas or proof of enrolment for a study visa. The application must be submitted at a South African embassy and consulate.

Permanent residence permits for South Africa

Expats who want to stay long-term in South Africa will need a permanent residence permit. The application process varies according to their plans for the country. The first thing to determine is which category the application falls under.

Direct residence permits are applied for based on having been in the country on a work visa for the past five years. Residency-on-other-grounds permits cover other reasons for permanent residency, such as retiring, starting a business or moving to the country to join a family member or spouse.

Although in theory, you can apply for a permanent residence application on a standalone basis, most expats get a temporary residence visa first. This is often because permanent residence applications can take a long time to be processed and granted.

In addition to a valid passport and completed application forms, applicants must also submit police clearance certificates from all the countries they have lived in since they were 18 and must also provide medical and radiological reports that are not older than six months.

Permanent residence applications can be made either in South Africa or in the applicant’s country of origin, but expats should get advice from an immigration agent. The process takes several months and might cause applicants in South Africa to overstay their current visas.

One of the most obvious benefits of a permanent residence permit is the fact that it is valid for life if the holder abides by the permit’s conditions. All other permits in South Africa require renewal or re-application at some point. Permanent residents can also sponsor qualifying relatives.

Using a registered immigration practitioner

Applicants can apply directly to a South African mission or through a South African visa application centre. That said, certain offices might not be easily accessible, and getting advice is difficult. The process is often confusing, time-consuming and frustrating – South African Home Affairs is notorious for disorganisation and shifting standards.

Applications aren’t points-based but are assessed on a case-by-case basis. This policy creates a large grey area that’s often best navigated with the knowledge that an immigration practitioner provides.

Useful links

• Department of Home Affairs – Immigration

Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

South Africa is a vibrant country filled with people from all walks of life – however, as with other countries, it does have some social issues to cope with.

Many of today’s issues have roots in South Africa’s turbulent history, most notably the Apartheid era, which began in 1948 and ended in the early 1990s. Under the leadership of the Afrikaner-led National Party, the country passed a succession of discriminatory laws targeting non-white South Africans (including black, Indian and coloured South Africans, who made up around 80 percent of the population combined). After a long struggle for freedom, the first democratic elections were held in 1994, and the African National Congress was voted into power.

Although South Africa has been on the road to reconciliation for many years now, decades of discrimination are hard to undo, and scars of the country’s difficult past remain. In addition, inefficient governance and corruption issues are rife. Regardless, many South Africans are proud of the country’s diversity, lovingly nicknaming South Africa ‘the Rainbow Nation’, and efforts toward a brighter future continue.

A Brief History of South Africa

Below are a few facts and resources about diversity and inclusion in South Africa.

Accessibility in South Africa

South Africa’s Bill of Rights guarantees equality and non-discrimination to those with disabilities. This includes ensuring accessibility in the built environment and funding areas that need improvement.

Although codes and regulations require all new buildings to adhere to a certain standard of accessibility, the language used is often vague, allowing loopholes and making it difficult to enforce these standards in practice.

Public transport like the Gautrain and Rea Vaya and Metrobus services in Johannesburg are somewhat accessible. These transport services have accessible stations, while some buses have hydraulic lifts for wheelchair users. In Cape Town, the MyCiti buses have features such as tactile paving for the visually impaired and induction loops for those with hearing disabilities.

People living with disabilities can also use ride-hailing services like Uber, which offers specialised services to support persons with disabilities.

Useful resources

Accessible South Africa 
Disability Info SA 
National Council of and for Persons with Disabilties

LGBTQ+ in South Africa

South Africa has been praised for having one of the world’s most progressive and rights-focused constitutions. In fact, in 1996, South Africa became the first country in the world to provide specific constitutional protection to its LGBTQ+ population by prohibiting unfair discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Same-sex marriage has been legal since 2006. South Africa was the sixth country in the world to recognise same-sex marriage and remains the only African country to do so to this day.

Transgender individuals can legally change their sex in the population registry, thereafter receiving identity documents reflecting the change. To do so, the individual must have medical or surgical intervention, such as hormone-replacement therapy. Sex-reassignment surgery is, however, not required.

Although the law aims for equality for the LGBTQ+ population, changing social norms proves to be more difficult. Traditional gender roles are strongly held values in some parts of South Africa. That said, most large cities are actively LGBTQ+ friendly. Every year, Pride Parades are held throughout South Africa, including in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban, and Soweto.

Useful resources

OUT LGBT Wellbeing 
Triangle Project 
Department of Justice – LGBTI FAQ

Gender equality in South Africa

Historically, gender equality in South Africa has been fairly low, but in recent years, the country has begun to rise in measurements of gender equality, such as parliamentary representation.

There remains a massive pay gap between men and women in South Africa, with men earning up to 33 percent more than women in the same position with the same level of education.

Useful resources

Commission for Gender Equality 
Sonke Gender Justice 
Women’s Empowerment Foundation for Southern Africa

Women in leadership in South Africa

Approximately 43 percent of parliamentary seats were held by women in South Africa in 2024. Before 1994, a mere 2.7 percent of parliament representatives were women. It’s clear that major leaps have been made for women in the political sphere, but other major issues remain.

For example, 27 percent of employed women hold management positions, compared to 74 percent of employed men. You’ll also find more men in managerial positions, at 69 percent, while women only have 33 percent of the manager roles in corporate South Africa.

As of 2024, women only hold 23 percent of the executive positions of companies listed in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), which is low compared to the number of men. That said, the JSE has instituted a voluntary target of 30 percent female board representation, with many companies heeding the call.

Mental health awareness in South Africa

Mental health awareness in South Africa is limited. The government does little to raise awareness and understanding of mental health issues. Moreover, public psychiatric services are underfunded. There are numerous excellent private practitioners, but they are prohibitively expensive for the average South African. Health insurance is vital to access these services.

A poll by UNICEF South Africa found that 65 percent of young people surveyed stated that they had mental health problems. Roughly 20 percent did not know where to get help, and 18 percent said they were afraid of how they would be perceived.

Several non-profit organisations are working hard to raise awareness and provide resources. The most prominent of these is the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG), which runs a toll-free helpline manned by trained volunteer counsellors, including a 24-hour suicide hotline.

SADAG volunteers can provide callers with immediate support as well as referrals to important resources, including SADAG-run support groups and free or low-cost therapy. For callers with access to medical aid or other funding, they can also recommend private practitioners.

Useful resources

South African Depression and Anxiety Group 
Lifeline

Unconscious bias training in South Africa

Human beings are shaped by their social surroundings, and everyone holds unconscious biases to some degree. Unconscious biases can be influenced by family, friends, school, work and other group settings where a strong sense of identity is formed.

Self-awareness and understanding of the nature of bias are key tools for starting the process of unlearning these assumptions. One important strategy is to identify biased thoughts and make a conscious decision to behave differently. Interacting with those outside one’s social group and partaking in unconscious bias training are also helpful.

Many businesses offer unconscious bias training for their employees to curb the damage that unconscious biases can do, such as creating conflict in the workplace, negatively affecting the company’s reputation and limiting employee retention.

In South Africa, unconscious bias based on race is a big problem. Older people in SA society, such as those who lived through Apartheid’s active years, often carry unconscious biases based on race because of things they witnessed or experienced during that time. Many young South Africans have family members, such as parents or grandparents, who hold outdated views.

Unconscious bias training is, therefore, particularly important in South Africa. Individuals may receive training at work, but if not, numerous resources can be used to challenge one’s own views.

Useful resources

Project Implicit 
Unconscious Bias Training

Diversification in the workplace in South Africa

A diverse workplace is one in which employees have a collective mixture of similarities and differences. This can include aspects such as age, sexual orientation, language, race and ethnicity, gender and gender identity, religious beliefs, physical abilities and disabilities, and socio-economic status.

Studies have shown a correlation between workplace diversity and employee wellbeing, as workers feel valued and comfortable to be themselves. This leads to innovation and better decision-making, as everyone’s voice is heard.

In South Africa, companies are incentivised, and in some cases required, to diversify their workforce in terms of race under the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) system. The system was introduced in 2003 as an effort to compensate black workers for previous injustices endured under the Apartheid government.

B-BBEE regulations mostly affect state-owned and government entities, as well as large corporate companies, which are legally required to comply with B-BBEE. This is not the case with small to medium privately owned businesses, for which compliance is optional.

Be that as it may, in practice, not being B-BBEE certified limits opportunities for company growth as B-BBEE-compliant businesses only do business with other B-BBEE-compliant businesses.

Useful resources

Department of Trade, Industry and Competition – Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment

Safety in South Africa

South Africa has a high crime rate, with theft being particularly prevalent – specifically home robberies, muggings, hijackings and petty theft. This need not affect a person’s experience of the country; however, certain precautions should be taken to reduce the chance of becoming a victim.

Residents should invest in home security, with 24/7 monitoring, keep homes and cars locked at all times, not walk alone late at night, keep valuables out of sight, and always stay aware of their surroundings. When driving, keep to the main roads and park in well-lit areas. Some places are safer than others, and it’s important to find out which areas to avoid.

Calendar initiatives in South Africa

• 4 February – World Cancer Day
• March – Human Rights Month (including Human Rights Day, a public holiday on 21 March)
• March – TB Awareness Month
• 19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day
• 18 July – Mandela Day
• August – Women’s Month (including Women’s Day public holiday on 9 August)
• 10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day
• October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
• 8 October –World Mental Health Day
• 14 November – World Diabetes Day
• 25 November to 10 December – 16 Days of Activism for No Violence Against Women and Children
• 1 December – World AIDS Day

With nearly 3,000 hours of sunshine a year, South Africa’s warm climate will likely be a welcome adjustment for expats from colder countries. In fact, the pleasant weather in South Africa is one of the main reasons holidaymakers and expats are drawn to the country every year.

The best times of the year are arguably the brief transitional seasons. Autumn, reddening the trees from March to May, and spring, lasting from September to late November, offer pleasant temperatures with little rain across most of the country. These mild seasons are in contrast to summer in South Africa when temperatures of over 86°F (30°C) are common and can soar up to 104°F (40°C) in some hotter areas in the country.

Each region has its own distinct character, with varying average temperatures and rainfall. The warmest areas in winter are around the coast.

That said, KwaZulu-Natal on the east coast and the Western Cape maintain different climates and are influenced by the two oceans on opposite sides of the country. The Atlantic brings a Mediterranean climate to Cape Town and its surrounds, while the Indian Ocean’s warmer current creates a more tropical climate in Durban.

In summer, the interior of the country, which sits at a higher altitude, is not quite as humid as Durban but generally has more rainfall than South Africa’s coastal regions. Landlocked cities such as Johannesburg and Pretoria enjoy frequent afternoon thunderstorms.

Although many houses don’t have central heating or air conditioning, you will likely enjoy the South African climate, but you may want to purchase a fan and heater.

Early history

• The earliest known human habitation in South Africa dates back to around 2 million years ago, when hominin fossils were discovered in the Cradle of Humankind. The San people, who are believed to be the descendants of these early humans, have lived in the region for tens of thousands of years.

European colonisation

• 1652: Dutch settlers establish a refreshment station at the Cape of Good Hope, marking the beginning of the European colonisation of South Africa. The Dutch come with enslaved people in tow from Madagascar, Indonesia, and India to work on the farms.
• 1795: The British take control of the Cape of Good Hope, marking the beginning of British rule in South Africa. The British establish a system of segregation, with the Dutch settlers (known as Afrikaners) given more rights and privileges than the indigenous peoples and enslaved people.
• 1830s and 1840s: Afrikaners begin a series of migrations away from British rule known as the Great Trek. These migrants establish independent states in the interior of South Africa.
• 1867: Diamonds are discovered in the interior of South Africa, leading to the beginning of the mineral revolution. The discovery of gold soon follows, and South Africa becomes one of the world’s biggest producers of gold and diamonds.
• 1877: The Transvaal Boer Republic is forcibly annexed by the British.
• 1880–1881: The Transvaal Boers attempt to take the land back from the British, resulting in the first Anglo-Boer War. The Transvaal Boers ultimately declare victory, regaining independence and renaming the area the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (South African Republic).
• 1899–1902: The Second Anglo-Boer War is fought between the British Empire and two Boer republics (the Orange Free State and the South African Republic) over control of the region. The British emerge victorious.
• 1910: The Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal and Orange Free State are consolidated into one country: the Union of South Africa, a self-governing dominion within the British Empire.
• 1911: The Mines and Works Act passes and codifies the racial segregation already present in South African society. The Act requires that all miners and other workers be divided into separate categories based on race, with white workers receiving the best jobs and highest wages.
• 1913: The Natives Land Act passes, delegating less than 10 percent of available land to black South Africans, who make up 80 percent of the population at the time. Despite being a much smaller group, the country’s white population is allocated the majority of the land (80 to 90 percent).
• 1914–1918: During World War I, South Africa is automatically tied to the Allies in fighting against Germany due to its status as a British colony. Out of a population of 6 million, 250,000 South Africans volunteer to join the war, and 7,000 are killed.
• 1939–1945: Throughout World War II, the British Navy uses numerous South African ports strategically. 334,000 South Africans volunteer to fight abroad, suffering a casualty of 9,000.

Apartheid Era

• 1948: The National Party (NP), an Afrikaner nationalist party, comes to power in South Africa and implements a system of apartheid ("apartness"), which institutionalises racial segregation and discrimination. Under apartheid, black South Africans are denied fundamental political and civil rights and forced to live in separate, underfunded areas known as townships.
• 1950s: An anti-apartheid sentiment quietly brews in the country as certain political groups, including the African National Congress (ANC), begin to plan and execute protest and resistance operations.
• 1952: The Pass Laws Act is instituted, requiring all black South Africans over 16 to carry a pass (known as a dompas) with them at all times. The pass system is used to restrict movement and segregate the country.
• 1952: Future president Nelson Mandela, a member of the ANC, is chosen as the leader of the group’s Defiance Campaign, a plan to protest against six unjust laws under apartheid. Mandela and 19 others are arrested and sentenced to nine months of hard labour for their role in the campaign.
• 1956: A massive police round-up takes place across the country, during which Mandela is captured and called to the 1956 Treason Trial. After a lengthy trial, he and others are acquitted in 1961.
• 1960: A referendum is held to determine whether the Union of South Africa should withdraw from the British Commonwealth. The population votes for independence, and the Republic of South Africa is formed as a fully autonomous country.
• 1960s: The anti-apartheid movement gains momentum globally as the United Nations issues a 1962 resolution condemning apartheid and calling for trade sanctions on South Africa. In 1963 an additional resolution is passed, calling for a voluntary arms embargo on the country.
• 1960: Police fire at a crowd protesting against pass laws, killing 69 and injuring 180 unarmed citizens in what would become known as the Sharpeville Massacre.
• 1961: In the wake of the Sharpeville Massacre, and with the government still refusing to take action to end apartheid, the ANC establishes a paramilitary wing known as Umkhonto weSizwe, or MK. After launching bomb attacks against government infrastructure, MK is declared a terrorist organisation by the government and banned. Despite this, the group does not disband.
• 1962: MK leadership is captured at their headquarters, and the group goes somewhat dormant for the next decade. In the same year, Mandela returns to South Africa from a secret trip abroad. He’s arrested at a police roadblock and charged with inciting strike action and leaving the country without a permit. He is sentenced to five years of imprisonment.
• 1963: Mandela and 10 others charged with sabotage face the possibility of receiving the death penalty in what becomes known as the Rivonia Trial. In 1964, most of the accused, including Mandela, are sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to Robben Island.
• 1976: Students lead protests against the forced Afrikaans language policies in schools. Known as the Soweto Uprisings, the protests turn violent as police try to control the crowd. At least 176 die as a result, including 12-year-old Hector Pieterson. A picture of the dying Pieterson being carried to the hospital becomes a symbol of the resistance. As further protests and more government crackdowns occur, MK re-establishes itself with more members, support and better military training.
• 1977: The UN’s arms embargo against South Africa becomes compulsory, and a voluntary oil embargo is also declared.
• 1980s and 1990s: Internal and international pressure leads to the gradual dismantling of apartheid.
• 1990: Nelson Mandela is released from prison after 27 years and is elected ANC president in 1991.

Post-apartheid

• 1994: Negotiations between the ANC and the NP lead to the first democratic elections, with the ANC claiming a resounding victory. Mandela takes office and begins implementing the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to address the social and economic inequalities created by apartheid.
• 1995: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), chaired by Desmond Tutu, is established to investigate human rights abuses committed during the apartheid era.
• 1996: South Africa adopts a new constitution, guaranteeing a wide range of individual rights and freedoms for all, including freedom of speech and religion.
• 1997: The economy begins to grow, driven by the development of new industries and an influx of foreign investment.
• 1999: Thabo Mbeki succeeds Mandela as president and continues many of the policies initiated by his predecessor, including the RDP and the TRC.
• 2000–2008: The country faces several challenges, including high crime rates, widespread poverty, failing electricity infrastructure and increasing income inequality, while Mbeki’s presidency is marked by controversy, including allegations of corruption and a highly criticised response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
• 2009: Jacob Zuma becomes president after winning the ANC’s presidential election.
• 2010: South Africa hosts the successful 2010 FIFA World Cup, showcasing the country’s infrastructure and unity to the world.
• 2010–2017: The country experiences steady economic growth but also faces persistent social and economic challenges, including high levels of unemployment and inequality. Zuma’s presidency is also marred by corruption scandals, leading to calls for his resignation and a decline in public trust in the government.
• 2018: Zuma resigns as president and is succeeded by Cyril Ramaphosa. Under Ramaphosa’s leadership, the government takes steps to address rampant corruption and boost the economy, but many challenges remain.
• 2020: The Covid-19 pandemic hits South Africa with significant economic and social impacts. Over the next few years, 4 million cases of Covid-19 are confirmed and over 100,000 die.
• 2023: Facing increasing blackouts, Ramaphosa declares a state of disaster in an effort to expedite the response to South Africa’s energy crisis.
• 2024: The general election results in Cyril Ramaphosa being re-elected as president of a landmark coalition government. The new government’s commitment to economic reforms has led to increased private sector investment, particularly in energy, water, and infrastructure. While issues of inequality and unemployment will take time to address, the first few months of this government have generated cautious optimism from the public.

Accommodation in South Africa is typically reasonably priced and comfortable. Whether relocating to Johannesburg, Cape Town, or anywhere else in the country, the range, quality, and affordability of accommodation will make adjusting to life on the African continent much smoother.

Most expats rent accommodation initially, at least while getting to know their new city’s various areas and suburbs. If you’re looking to settle down for good in South Africa, you can easily purchase a property, as there are no restrictions on property ownership for foreigners in the country.

Types of accommodation in South Africa

The standard of accommodation in South Africa varies in direct proportion to income but is generally quite high. Overall, houses are more spacious than in most European countries, and finding relatively inexpensive properties with big gardens and swimming pools isn’t uncommon. The South African institution of braaiing (barbecuing) ensures that most properties have an outdoor entertainment area.

In South Africa, apartment buildings are known as blocks of flats. Individual apartments can be multi-room or may be bachelor or studio apartments with one main room acting as a living area, bedroom, and kitchenette.

Mostly found in the suburbs, freestanding houses are favoured by families for the indoor and outdoor space they afford. Although pricier than other types of accommodation, they offer space, comfort, and privacy.

Townhouses, rowhouses, and semi-detached houses are all terms used to refer to compact multi-storey homes that are joined to an adjacent house on one or two sides. These usually have small gardens and are more affordable than large freestanding houses.

Security complexes, or gated communities, are secure housing developments with controlled entry. Complexes typically have a variety of housing types, ranging from apartments to townhouses to standalone family homes. There are also often shared facilities such as communal pools, outdoor braai areas, parks, and clubhouses.

Also known as granny flats, cottages can be found on the properties of larger freestanding houses. They typically have a studio-style open-plan layout, sometimes with the addition of a separate bedroom.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Most accommodation in South Africa comes unfurnished, with only the built-in cupboards, light fixtures, and kitchen and bathroom fittings included. When moving into unfurnished housing, you’ll have to budget for buying your own appliances, beds, and furniture.

Although rare, it’s possible to find furnished accommodation that includes everything from appliances to cutlery or only big-ticket items like a bed, couch, and appliances. While this may be more convenient if you’re initially moving to South Africa, this option will typically cost more than unfurnished accommodation.

Shipping and Removals in South Africa

Short lets

The short-term accommodation market in South Africa is growing, particularly in cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg, where there is a higher demand. Many expats choose to rent short-term accommodation on platforms like Airbnb while initially exploring their new home. Short lets are also a great option for expats who are only in the country short-term, as they are often more affordable than traditional hotels.

Useful links

• Airbnb
• Sublet

Load shedding in South Africa

Load shedding is the practice of deliberately turning off electricity supply to different zones on a rotational basis – also known as rolling or rotational blackouts. The national electricity supplier, Eskom, does this in response to electricity supply shortages resulting from maintenance issues and breakdowns at power plants.

The load-shedding schedule has eight stages of intensity. The higher the stage, the longer the outages and the more frequent they become. At Stage 1, residents can expect one two-hour outage per day, and with each higher stage, the number of outages increases until Stage 4, when there are four outages.

From Stage 5, an increasing number of these outages are bumped up to four hours, with four four-hour outages at Stage 8. There are a number of apps for keeping track of the load-shedding schedule, as load-shedding zones and stages can be difficult to figure out.

To cope with load shedding, those who can afford it invest in alternative power sources such as generators, solar panels and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). These provide temporary backup power to keep essential appliances and electronics running during outages. For example, many people use UPS systems to keep their internet running, while others rely on batteries and inverters or generators to power their homes and businesses during extended periods of load shedding.

For more information about load shedding in the country’s major cities, see Accommodation in Cape Town and Accommodation in Johannesburg

Useful links

• Eskom Load shedding site
• MyEskom app
• EskomSePush (ESP)

Finding accommodation in South Africa

Many expats use local estate agents when looking for accommodation in South Africa. This is a useful approach for expats, especially as estate agents can guide them through the rental process. Real estate agents do much of the legwork of renting accommodation, including picking out listings, arranging viewings, and setting up a contract.

For those who prefer to go it alone, online property portals are the easiest way to start the process. These portals allow you to filter by price and neighbourhood and also offer the option to choose what type of amenities you’d like to include.

Home security in South Africa is a concern; however, it often isn’t as paralysing a preoccupation as some might imagine it to be. While opportunistic and sometimes violent crime occurs in South Africa, taking consistent common-sense precautions lowers the chance of being an easy target.

When viewing a potential new home, you should ensure there are adequate security measures, including burglar bars, security gates, and an alarm system. Glass sliding doors are particularly vulnerable points of entry, so it’s important that they are properly secured with a gate.

Safety in South Africa

Useful links

• Property24
• Private Property

Renting accommodation in South Africa

Making an application

Once you find a place you wish to rent, you will need to fill out an application form. You will also be asked to submit proof of identity (such as a passport) and proof of income. Some rental agencies may need to perform a credit check and may charge a lease fee.

Leases

While verbal agreements have legal recognition, it’s best to get your lease agreement in writing. Leases are typically signed on an annual renewable basis. It may be possible to rent for a shorter period, but this is generally pricier and can be limiting in terms of what’s available. Your lease should clearly state what utilities you’re responsible for, payment due dates, and how annual increases will be instituted.

Deposit

If the application is successful, the next step is for the tenant to pay the first month of rent upfront, along with a deposit of one or two months’ rent. The deposit must be kept in an interest-bearing account. At the end of the rental period, the tenant will receive the deposit as well as the interest accumulated back in full as long as the property is returned without any damages.

Terminating the lease

Both tenants and landlords must typically provide at least a month’s notice before terminating the lease. The notice period may increase depending on the stipulations in the lease agreement.

Typically, landlords or the real estate agent will conduct a thorough inspection with the tenant upon moving out to ensure that there is no damage to the property beyond normal wear and tear. We recommend carefully documenting the state of the property when moving in to avoid being charged unfairly.

Utilities in South Africa

Utilities like electricity and water are not usually included in the rental price, so expats should ensure that they plan for this extra expense in their monthly budget.

Electricity

The state-owned utility company, Eskom, is the primary electricity supplier in South Africa. You will find that most homes in the country are equipped with a prepaid electricity meter and a card that you can use to recharge your electricity units. You can easily purchase electricity units using your banking app or at a supermarket or petrol (gas) station.

If your apartment or home still uses a post-paid system, the account will usually remain in your landlord’s name. They will then send you a copy of the monthly statement for you to make payment on. Homeowners who need to register an account with Eskom can visit the company’s website, submit an application form, provide proof of identity and address, and pay the initial deposit to start the service.

Gas

Piped natural gas is not commonly used in South Africa. Many homes use bottled gas for cooking and heating in the winter. Depending on your needs, you can find different-sized gas bottles. Refilling your bottles at convenience stores, petrol (gas) stations or hardware shops will be easy, while some companies can deliver filled gas bottles to your door.

Water

Much of South Africa’s drinking water comes from surface and groundwater. The country’s more than 250 municipalities supply water to their local regions. Your landlord will usually send you a monthly bill from the local municipality detailing your consumption.

The municipality will typically send a representative to read your water meter every few months to determine an estimate. You can also send your landlord the accurate reading for them to update on their municipality’s website, who can then refund you or adjust the bill accordingly.

With frequent water outages, it is becoming more common for homes in Johannesburg to have boreholes, for which the municipality will not charge you if it is only for residential use. Boreholes are also common in rural areas and on farms.

Bins and recycling

South Africa’s local municipalities oversee waste collection in the country. In urban areas, there is a kerbside waste collection system, where municipalities provide black bins and collect waste weekly for a fee. Informal settlements often lack formal waste collection systems, leading to illegal dumping and unsanitary conditions.

Recycling is still a growing field in South Africa, with informal waste pickers playing the biggest role in recycling household waste. These waste pickers typically collect recyclable materials from household waste for cash.

Internet

The internet infrastructure in South Africa has been steadily improving over the last few years. Fibre-optic connections are becoming more widespread, particularly in urban areas, while wireless broadband and ADSL are also available. Some of the most popular internet service providers in South Africa include Frogfoot, Afrihost, and Openserve.

To set up an internet connection, you’ll typically need to provide your chosen supplier with your address and national ID or passport. This may take a few weeks, so we recommend starting the process as soon as you move in.

Keeping In Touch in South Africa

Useful links

• Afrox and TotalEnergies
• South African Government Official Information Services – List of Municipalities

With its famous reputation for cultural diversity, South Africa is an interesting place to do business that offers expats an eye-opening experience. The myriad of different practices and customs expats may come across can be daunting, but a few generalities do exist. Western expats shouldn’t experience too much of a culture shock in the South African business world.

When opting to do business in South Africa, expats will quickly fit in with a local populace that has learned that the most direct path to success is the one that people carve out for themselves.

Fast facts

Business hours

Business hours are generally Monday to Friday from 8.30am or 9am to 5pm.

Business language

English is widely spoken. Knowing some isiXhosa, isiZulu, or Afrikaans is beneficial but not necessary.

Dress

Dress is conservative but not formal. Suits are the exception to the rule, not the norm, and are reserved for more corporate environments.

Gifts

Not expected, but typically welcome. Gifts are often opened in front of the giver.

Gender equality

Women in South Africa are entitled to the same opportunities as men, but female representation in senior management remains relatively low.

Greetings

Handshakes are the norm in professional settings.

Racial equality

Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) is an affirmative action policy that aims to redress the socio-economic imbalances caused by apartheid by helping to bring the black majority into the economic mainstream. This affects hiring processes, as certain population groups are given preference for BBBEE jobs. Although the programme is not compulsory, BBBEE-certified businesses are given certain benefits.

Business culture in South Africa

Striking differences in ethnicity, language, and customs mark South Africa’s business culture. The most important thing for expats doing business in the country is to try to understand the complexities of this culture. Over time, a few common practices will emerge.

Cultural nuances

The working world of one urban centre contrasts not only with rural counterparts but also with other cities. South Africans love stereotyping Johannesburg as being hard-working and full of opportunity, while Cape Town is said to be more relaxed but also more insular.

South Africans typically prefer doing business with people they’ve met before. They are also known for being warm and inviting, and a bit of relationship-building will go a long way in cementing business arrangements. South Africans value hard work and applaud those who have succeeded – but they tend to prioritise other aspects of life such as family, good living and friendship.

Punctuality is also essential; however, depending on the client’s culture, patience may be necessary. Government figures, for instance, are often late.

Work environment

The South African work environment tends to be more relaxed and personable than you may be used to, except for some larger corporations and more established financial institutions. That said, a clear management hierarchy still exists, and showing respect for senior executives and colleagues is essential. In exchange, decisions are frequently made in a somewhat egalitarian manner.

Dos and don’ts of business in South Africa

• Do schedule appointments a fair amount of time in advance and confirm the day before the meeting
• Do be punctual, even if expecting to wait
• Don’t be surprised if local colleagues ask personal questions or discuss their personal lives. South Africans are friendly by nature, and this is common.
• Don’t be afraid to join colleagues for an after-work event. This is rarely seen as an obligation but instead as a fun way to get to know one another.
• Do dress conservatively when initially joining an office, cementing relationships with clients or associates, or attending an interview, even in casual offices

The standard of education and schools in South Africa is a mixed bag across the public and private sectors. The South African education system consists of independent and government schools.

Private education is far pricier than public education but generally offers high standards and ample resources. Fees are steep, though, and these schools are attended mostly by children from middle- and high-income families.

Government schools are funded by provincial education departments, and standards vary widely. Schools wholly dependent on government funding are typically short of resources and provide a poor standard of education.

On the other hand, there are fee-paying government schools run by governing bodies consisting of parents and alumni. These schools are in a much better position to offer high-quality education. Some of the country’s best schools fall into this category, though in some cases, fees can be almost as expensive as private schools.

Public schools in South Africa

Education in South Africa is divided into primary and secondary schools. The first nine years of schooling are compulsory, but most students continue until Grade 12 when they graduate with a National Senior Certificate (NSC).

• Primary school lasts for seven years (ages 6 to 13, depending on whether children start school at 6 or 7)
• Secondary school (ages 14 to 18)

Many South African public schools depend on the government for funding and supplies. Each province is responsible for ensuring its schools are equipped and have enough money to run properly. As a result, standards vary immensely, depending on the province’s efficiency and wealth.

Many children receive low standards of education due to a lack of qualified teachers and sometimes an outright absence of classroom equipment. Due to these shortcomings, parents who can afford it prefer to send their children to private schools.

In the bigger cities, public school standards are generally better and, in some cases, may meet expat requirements. Public schools draw students and funds from their suburbs; wealthier areas typically have better schools. The best government schools tend to be those that are partially administrated and funded by parents and a governing body.

Useful links

• National Department of Basic Education

Private schools in South Africa

Except for some expats living in high-income areas, most seek private education for their children. Depending on your location, you will be spoilt for choice when it comes to private schools.

Many private schools have religious origins and aim to provide pupils with a spiritual foundation to complement their academic offerings. Others subscribe to a particular teaching philosophy.

Similar to other countries, private schools typically have better facilities, smaller classes and a more extensive selection of extracurricular activities. This is also true of international schools in South Africa.

Useful links

• Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa (ISASA) – Schoolfinder

International schools in South Africa

There are several international schools in South Africa that offer a variety of globally recognised curricula, such as those of the UK, the US, and the International Baccalaureate. Many expat parents find that international schools offer a sense of familiarity and continuity to children who can carry on with their home curriculum. International schools are also a great way to meet fellow expat families.

That said, there are two major downsides to international schooling. Firstly, fees can be exorbitant, and secondly, securing a place in some of the more popular schools can often be difficult. Parents should start the application process as early as possible to stand the best chance of being admitted. To mitigate costs, expats moving to South Africa for work should try asking for provisions for school fees as part of their relocation package.

Homeschooling in South Africa

Homeschooling is increasingly popular with expat parents wanting to educate their children in South Africa. To do this, they have to apply to the head of the relevant provincial Department of Education and register their child. The lessons they offer must follow Department guidelines, and records of the child’s coursework must be maintained.

Useful links

• Homeschooling Association SA

Special educational needs in South Africa

There are several special-needs schools across South Africa, both public and private, catering for a variety of conditions. However, parents of children with special needs generally find that government schooling, in practice, offers few resources and little support. For this reason, it’s best to opt for a private school if possible.

Many mainstream private schools take an inclusive approach to catering for special-needs students alongside the general student population, providing extra support where necessary. This may come with extra charges over and above annual school fees. You should consider a private special-needs school if your child requires a more specialised environment.

Useful links

• South African Government Official Information and Services – School Guide

Tutors in South Africa

In South Africa, tutors are frequently hired to assist students with subjects that they find difficult, such as maths or science. They are also often enlisted to help students prepare for the final school-leaving exams in Grade 12.

Tutors can be particularly helpful for expat children adjusting to a new curriculum or new language, providing extra support through the transition period.

There are several reputable tutoring agencies and companies throughout South Africa. TeachMe2 and Tutor Elite both come highly recommended and have tutors all over the country who can assist with various subjects.

Useful links

• TeachMe2
• Tutor Elite

Buying a car in South Africa won’t be the easiest item to check off an expat’s moving list, but it is certainly one of the most necessary tasks to undertake. The country’s lack of reliable, safe, and comprehensive public transport means that expats have little other choice than to drive.

Acquiring a car is best approached with the mindset that it will take several weeks, if not longer. Foreigners are required to complete some extra paperwork on top of what is required of locals. In addition, the notoriously slow South African bureaucracy slows things down, making this process more time-consuming than it would likely be in your home country.

On the bright side, most expats won’t need a local driver’s licence immediately. Until they’re permanent residents, an expat’s foreign licence is perfectly fine, as long as it is issued in one of South Africa’s 11 official languages (most likely in English), has a picture of the applicant attached to it, and has not expired. Once they have been granted permanent residence, they’ll have a year to convert their licence.

Contrary to popular belief, expats will not even need an International Driving Permit in addition to their licence unless their original licence isn’t in English.

Choosing a car in South Africa

It’s a good idea to start the car-buying process while still in your home country to ensure you have made a few decisions upfront. New or used car? What size? What make? Diesel or petrol? There are a few things you should know about South Africa when making your decision:

• Cars are notoriously expensive in South Africa, and you will certainly pay a lot more for a car here than you would expect
• Petrol (gasoline) is about one-third more expensive than in the United States, but still well below European prices
• Most roads are good, especially in metropolitan areas. Should you decide to venture into the bush during your stay, a four-wheel drive will come in handy.

New vs used cars

Given the high cost of cars, many expats are tempted to buy a used car. The advantage of new cars, however, is that they typically include a motor plan that allows owners to get their cars serviced for a number of years. Some used car dealerships will also offer a service plan of some type, but many do not. If a service plan is offered, find out the terms regarding validity, as service plans typically expire after a certain mileage or number of years.

You should also be wary that used cars sold by private sellers in South Africa may have questionable maintenance histories. If you decide to buy from a private seller, you should arrange for the car to be inspected at a dealership or by a mechanic of your choice, just to make sure there aren’t any hidden problems.

The dealership can also run the chassis number through their system to find out if the car being considered has ever been in an accident. Also, buyers should make sure the car has a roadworthiness certificate before they make the purchase.

Size and make

Regarding size, an expat would have to consider the car’s intended day-to-day usage. Naturally, a family of four or five will require more space than a single expat.

When it comes to the car’s make, do consider that purchasing a car model with little representation in South Africa will make it difficult to service. Additionally, it will mean that spare parts will be expensive and may need to be sourced from abroad.

If a buyer is going to live in South Africa for a defined period of time, then it’s worthwhile to consider the resale value of the vehicle they buy. To maximise resale value, ensure that you have your car serviced regularly and keep rigorous records of the car’s history. Naturally, popular brands of cars will sell more easily than less well-known makes.

Smash-and-grab protection

Unfortunately, given the high rate of theft from cars in South Africa, one added amenity to look for when car shopping is smash-and-grab protection. This film protects the windscreen and windows against smash-and-grabs, which may occur while cars are stopped at traffic lights. Most higher-end cars are equipped with smash-and-grab protection, but if not, they can be added later.

Finding a car in South Africa

If buying a used car, you should check used car websites and online classified portals to get a better idea of what’s out there. Another option for more knowledgeable car buyers is auction houses. Auctions are an opportunity to pick up a real bargain but be aware that the cars may have undisclosed issues, which you will be liable to fix. New cars, as is the case in all countries, are found at car dealerships.

Registering a car in South Africa

In South Africa, a buyer gains possession of their car once they’ve paid for it, but they still need to register the vehicle to gain title ownership formally. The place to do this is at the nearest licensing office.

Once the car has been registered, buyers must cut out the car’s licence disc (renewable every year) and affix it to their windscreen from the inside. For new cars, licence plates should be ordered (the dealership will usually do this on behalf of the buyer) and affixed to the car’s front and back. While waiting for licence plates to be made, a temporary car licence certificate is placed inside the car’s rear window.

Car insurance in South Africa

Once the car has been registered and the licence plates affixed, you will have one last hurdle left before you can hit the road: insurance.

Most car insurance companies in South Africa will insure a vehicle over the phone and book an appointment for the car to be inspected at a registered dealership.

Cost of insurance

As in most countries, the price of car insurance in South Africa varies according to several factors. These include the model and make of the car, the age of the driver, and the relative safety of where the car is stored during the day and night.

When obtaining insurance quotes, you should inquire about roadside assistance. Most insurance companies provide it, and having this already covered will take one more item off the checklist.

Car accidents

Typically, if an accident occurs, expats should exchange contact details with the other driver involved and take pictures of their licence and both cars from various angles to document the damage. The accident would then need to be reported at a police station to get a case number. The case number is used to make insurance claims. If the accident is of a serious nature, expats can call their insurance provider while at the scene. The insurance provider will then contact emergency services on their behalf.

Tracking services

Some insurance companies will also give customers a discount on their monthly premium if they have a tracking service that electronically monitors their car’s location through a GPS system. This service has evolved due to the high incidence of carjackings in South Africa. Most tracking companies offer various support levels, such as adding a panic button or upgraded tracking services.

With its warm climate, stunning landscapes, and relatively low cost of living, South Africa attracts expats seeking adventure, career opportunities, or a relaxed lifestyle. The country offers vibrant cities, world-class game reserves, and a high standard of living, although challenges like crime and economic disparities exist.

Expats with in-demand skills can find job opportunities, while families benefit from quality private healthcare and education. With the right preparation, moving to South Africa can be both exciting and rewarding.

Living in South Africa as an expat

South Africa has 11 official languages, but expats needn’t worry, as most of the locals speak English fairly well. What’s more, adapting to the culture is fairly easy and enjoying the South African lifestyle is effortless.

As a result of skill shortages in sectors such as engineering, education, executive management and information technology, expats with the right skills and experience shouldn’t struggle to find employment. Securing a visa and work permit will be one of the more challenging aspects of moving to South Africa, as the country is notorious for its slow bureaucracy.

Housing in the country is generally of a high standard and improves with your affordability. You can find everything from apartments and townhouses to freestanding homes in gated communities with swimming pools. Most expats choose to live in manned security complexes, where you can find a variety of housing options and a higher level of security than in freestanding homes.

Although there are several public transport options available, many are not up to the standards most expats are used to. As such, most expats opt to buy a car in South Africa, which can be fairly pricey. If you live in a major city like Johannesburg, Cape Town or Durban, you can also use ride-hailing services to get around.

Working in South Africa 
Visas for South Africa 
Local Culture in South Africa

Cost of living in South Africa

The cost of living in South Africa is low compared to many destinations overseas and roughly on par with the other more developed African countries. Expats with foreign-currency incomes will be in an excellent position, while those who earn South African rand may find local salaries less competitive than they are used to.

The cost of accommodation in population centres like Cape Town and Johannesburg can be high, but South Africa’s property prices are mainly quite reasonable. Petrol is cheap relative to European prices, which is a blessing because driving cars is the main form of transport.

Local groceries are good quality and well-priced, but imported items (including electronics and cars) are costly. Most expat parents go for private education and healthcare, and these costs vary depending on quality. Expats typically opt for health insurance to help mitigate high costs in emergencies.

Cost of Living in South Africa 
Accommodation in South Africa 
Transport and Driving in South Africa

Families and children in South Africa

Despite issues in the respective public sector, private healthcare in South Africa is world-class. Expat parents will also be glad to know that several of its universities are internationally ranked. The country’s private schools offer a level of education comparable to the best schools around the world, and there are even some public schools that should meet expats’ expectations.

Unfortunately, there is still some way to go in addressing the disparities entrenched by the apartheid era, and crime in South Africa continues to be a problem that affects many citizens and businesses. Private security is a necessary precaution and, with a booming security industry, can easily be contracted for affordable rates.

Healthcare in South Africa 
Education and Schools in South Africa

Climate in South Africa

South Africa’s sunny weather attracts expats and tourists from colder countries yearly. It’s a large country with coastal areas, plateaus, deserts, and forests, each with its own climate.

The coastal regions usually have milder summers and winters. The west coast’s Atlantic brings a Mediterranean feel to Cape Town, while the east coast’s Indian Ocean makes Durban and Port Elizabeth more tropical. Winters are wet, and summers are generally dry.

Inland, the inverse is true. Summers bring afternoon thunderstorms to Johannesburg, while winters are dry. Temperatures in the inland are also given to higher highs and lower lows – highs of up to or exceeding 104°F (40°C) are possible in the summer, and frost in the winter is not unheard of.

While life in the southernmost African country is far from perfect, South Africa’s wonderful weather, reasonable cost of living, friendly population and high quality of life often convince many an expat to stay far longer than they intended.

Climate Charts for South Africa

Fast facts

Official name: Republic of South Africa

Population: Over 63 million

Capital cities: Cape Town (legislative), Pretoria (executive), Bloemfontein (judicial)

Neighbouring countries: Along South Africa’s northern border from west to east are Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and Mozambique. Lesotho is situated on the eastern side of South Africa and is entirely surrounded by the Republic.

Geography: South Africa has a long coastline of 1,600 miles (2,500km) that hugs the south of the country from east to west. A vast plateau characterises the inland area, while a large portion of the south is occupied by a semidesert shrubland called the Karoo.

Political system: Constitutional parliamentary republic

Major religions: Freedom of religion is enshrined in the South African constitution. Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism are the most prominent religions.

Main languages: South Africa has 11 official languages, although English is the standard form of communication. Afrikaans and the Xhosa, Zulu and Sesotho languages are also widely spoken and vary in prevalence depending on geographic location.

Money: The South African Rand (ZAR) is divided into 100 cents. Opening a bank account is usually easy and possible with identification and proof of address. ATMs are widespread but might be more difficult to find in some rural areas. Internet banking is widely available.

Tipping: 10 percent (or more for good service) is common.

Time: GMT+2

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. Typically, three-pin round plugs are standard.

Internet domain: .za

International dialling code: +27

Emergency contacts: 10111

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the left. Despite the introduction of rapid transport systems in some areas, public transport is generally of a low standard, and most expats purchase a vehicle. Roads are largely of good quality, but certain rural roads may be in disrepair.

South Africa’s banking system is sophisticated, making it easy and convenient to handle your banking, money, and taxes in the country. There are numerous international and local banks in South Africa, and each of these offers expats various options and competitive rates for managing their finances.

Money in South Africa

The currency in South Africa is the South African Rand, abbreviated as ZAR or R. The rand is subdivided into 100 cents.

• Notes: ZAR 10, ZAR 20, ZAR 50, ZAR 100 and ZAR 200
• Coins: 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, ZAR 1, ZAR 2 and ZAR 5

Retail shops will happily give customers whatever change they need and happily take payment through a debit or credit card. On the other hand, street hawkers and small corner shops might struggle to break large notes and may not have card machines.

Banking in South Africa

The four major banks in South Africa are Absa, First National Bank (FNB), Standard Bank and Nedbank. Although branches in airports often have extended hours, banks are typically open from 8.30am to 3.30pm Monday to Friday, closing at 11am on Saturdays. All four major banks have excellent online and mobile banking systems for customers’ day-to-day banking needs.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account in South Africa as an expat is quite bureaucratic. Requirements differ from bank to bank, and it’s often difficult to get clear information from the bank’s website alone. Generally speaking, you will need your passport and a valid work permit to open a South African bank account. In some cases, they will also require a letter from your employer as proof of income.

Some expats opt to open an international bank account before relocating to South Africa. Although these may incur various charges, they do allow them to carry out their basic banking until they can get a South African bank account.

If your existing bank from back home has a large international presence, making the necessary arrangements should be fairly easy. Some banks with an international presence, such as Investec and Old Mutual, are actually based in South Africa.

Foreign citizens may wish to consult with their bank about offshore account options. Many expats choose to keep a bank account open at home for mortgages and other bills, open another account in South Africa for living expenses, and open a third offshore account for savings and financial security.

ATMs

Although certain banks may be lacking in smaller towns, ATMs are plentiful throughout the country, and all the main banks have their own ATMs. Customers can use any ATM no matter which bank they belong to, but fees will be slightly higher for withdrawals from other banks’ ATMs.

The four main banks also provide facilities to make bill payments or to purchase airtime for their cellphones at their ATMs, and certain machines also accept cash deposits.

Taxes in South Africa

Your tax residency status will largely determine your tax obligations in South Africa. Those who are not residents for tax purposes are taxed on their South African income only. Residents, for tax purposes, are taxed on their worldwide income, but there are double-taxation agreements in place with some countries.

Expats are categorised as resident for tax purposes if they have been in South Africa for any of the following periods:

• 91 days or more in total during the year of assessment
• 91 days or more in each of the preceding five years
• 915 days or more in total during the preceding five years of assessment

Income tax rates in South Africa range from 18 percent to 45 percent on a progressive sliding scale. For the latest advice, consult a tax specialist who is well-versed in expat tax matters.

Useful links

• South African Revenue Services (SARS)

The working environment in South Africa hinges on the type of two-tiered economy generally associated with developing countries. One level is similar to a high-producing Western country, and the other is largely informal.

Despite this complex contrast, South Africa’s diversified economy and highly developed infrastructure have helped to maintain optimism through continued job creation.

The ‘brain drain’ resulting from skilled South African workers moving overseas has created gaps in many sectors. This has encouraged companies in industries like finance, medicine, engineering, and even some artisanal trades to consider employing foreigners.

Job market in South Africa

The Rainbow Nation’s professional world offers qualified and experienced expats abundant opportunities. Those with a tertiary education will find that integrating into the economy won’t be too difficult. South Africa is also a fertile ground for entrepreneurial activity, so you may potentially have great success if you’re looking to start a business in South Africa.

South Africa’s primary sectors include manufacturing, mining and agricultural services. The services sector remains the largest source of employment in the country. That said, expats will find that the greatest skills shortages in South Africa, and the most opportunities, are in fields such as engineering, IT, and healthcare. Temporary positions and low-income jobs are difficult to find, though, with an already high unemployment rate.

The most popular cities for expats in South Africa are Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban. Johannesburg is renowned for its ‘work hard, play hard’ culture, while the coastal cities are known for a more balanced, relaxed lifestyle.

Useful links

• Government of South Africa – Finding a Job

Finding a job in South Africa

The best place to start the job search in South Africa is online using the many job portals available in the country. The local classifieds can also be a valuable resource, or you can sign up with a recruitment agency. Proactively approaching companies directly to express interest can also go a long way.

To legally work in the country, you will need a South African work visa. You should also be aware that salaries negotiated in the weak South African rand may make for a comfortable lifestyle within local borders but are unlikely to go far outside the continent.

Work Permits for South Africa

Useful links

• LinkedIn
• Indeed
• Pnet

Work culture in South Africa

Although this will vary between industries and cities, you may find the work culture in South Africa somewhat more relaxed than you are used to. For example, just about everything in Cape Town is approached with a more laid-back attitude than in Johannesburg, including the atmosphere at work.

As far as dress codes go, expats are likely to encounter more formal dress codes in business or corporate settings, while smaller companies or creative industries may have fewer regulations regarding what to wear at work.

South Africans are generally friendly and welcoming people, so you shouldn’t be surprised if you are invited out for after-work drinks. This is a good way to get to know new colleagues in a relaxed setting.