If you're moving to Botswana, you should consider renting accommodation close to your workplace and your children’s school. Most expats live in the capital city, Gaborone, to be close to amenities.

Botswana boasts an affordable cost of living, and Gaborone is frequently ranked among the cheapest cities to live in. Nevertheless, property prices can be high if you opt for a modern home in a popular area. And, of course, holiday accommodation in Botswana's luxury lodges while on safari in one of the country's national parks won't come cheap either.

Types of accommodation in Botswana

Depending on how long you will be staying in Botswana, you may want to rent accommodation. Some expats may be interested in investing in and buying property in Botswana, from houses to farms. Typical expat accommodation in Botswana includes houses, townhouses, and apartments.

Many expats move to the towns or cities of Maun, Francistown and Gaborone, the capital city. Popular suburbs of Gaborone include Broadhurst and Phakalane. Phakalane is built around a golf estate and is the preferred residential area for many expats. As it is over 7.5 miles (12 km) north of Gaborone, some people prefer to live closer to town, schools, and workplaces. Many areas are numbered and named as 'Extensions', radiating out from the Government Enclave. Extensions 9 and 11 are among the most expensive parts of the capital city.

Houses

Houses are one of the most popular types of property in Botswana. Standalone houses generally offer a garden, which is great if you have a family with children or enjoy hosting friends. Some houses have swimming pools, which residents appreciate during the hot and humid summer months.

Townhouses

In addition to freestanding buildings, semi-detached townhouses and cluster homes are also available in Botswana. These are often located within gated complexes, which offer greater security than a typical house. Many of these are quite modern and offer contemporary designs.

Apartments

If you live in a large city like Gaborone, you can also find apartments or flats. As with other types of accommodation, you can rent unfurnished, semi-furnished or fully-furnished apartments in Botswana. Many apartments in Botswana are fairly modern, with a host of amenities in the complex like balconies and swimming pools. 

Furnished vs unfurnished

Furnished flats usually come at a higher price but are common in Botswana's urban areas, making them perfect for expats and short-term visitors. These apartments typically include everything from furniture and appliances to bedding and cutlery.

If you rent an unfurnished apartment, you can rent furniture by the month or buy new furniture, easily sourced within the country. Unfurnished flats will only come with fitted kitchen cupboards, light fixtures, and wardrobes, so you will have to buy appliances, beds, and furniture. 

Short lets

Thanks to a booming tourism industry, Botswana's short lets market is thriving. Initially, when you make the move to Botswana, it may be beneficial to rent a short-term property while getting to know Gaborone's different areas and suburbs. Short-let apartments found on platforms like Airbnb are fully furnished, and usually have utilities like WiFi included in the rental price. They tend to be cheaper than traditional hotels and are set up for slightly longer stays of a few weeks to a month or two. 

Finding accommodation in Botswana

Depending on your personal circumstances, you can begin the property search while you are still home or after arriving. It's important not to sign a lease on a new home before seeing it in person, however. Online portals and listings, such as Property24 and TswanaHome.com, as well as social media platforms, are great ways to start the search.

We highly recommend enlisting the services of a real estate agent when looking to buy or rent accommodation in Botswana. These professionals have a good knowledge of the available housing market and can match this to a house hunter’s preferences.

Useful links

• TswanaHome.com
• Property24
• Rent A House in Botswana

Renting accommodation in Botswana

Before signing a lease, prospective expats should read and understand all the terms and conditions, including deposits, fees, utilities, and notice periods.

Making an application

To rent a property in Botswana, you must submit several documents, including proof of identity and income. Some landlords may conduct a credit worthiness check, so expats may require a guarantor. Your income must also be at least 30 percent of the rental cost. 

Leases

There are two types of leases in Botswana: fixed-period leases and indefinite leases.

Fixed-period leases establish a set end date for the rental agreement. These are popular among expats working in Botswana who know how long they plan to stay in the country.

Indefinite leases and those terminated at will are also available. If tenants sign a rental agreement allowing either the landlord or themselves to terminate the contract, they should agree to and confirm a reasonable notice period.

Deposits

A deposit of at least one month’s rent is required to lease accommodation in Botswana.

Terminating the lease

For fixed-period leases, no notice period is required to terminate. If you sign an indefinite lease, both tenant and landlord must provide a reasonable notice, which is not necessarily defined by law. For this reason, the notice period should be set out in the lease. Notice periods are usually between one and three months. 

We recommend conducting a thorough inspection with your landlord when you move in and out, documenting any broken or damaged areas. When moving out, if the property is damaged, the landlord may subtract the costs for repairing the damage from your deposit. 

Utilities in Botswana

Utilities, including water, electricity, gas (if in an area where piped gas is used) and refuse removal, must normally be paid for by the tenant. Costs are calculated according to the property size and usage level.

Electricity

Much of the electricity transmitted in Botswana is imported from South Africa. The Botswana Power Corporation (BPC) supplies the electricity in the country. 

Typically, the electricity will already be connected when you move into a property. If not, you can apply for a service connection by filling out an application form online. 

Gas

Botswana does not have a widespread piped gas network, so most households rely on bottled gas for cooking and heating. You can find bottled gas at petrol (gas) stations throughout the country. Otherwise, companies like Green Gas Botswana and Tswana Gas have distribution points in Gaborone. 

Water

The Water Utilities Corporation (WUC) manages the water supply in Botswana. It's easy to submit a connection request on the WUC website and find out about tariffs if the property you are renting is not already connected to the water grid.

Similarly to electricity, you will have to fill out an online application form and submit the required documentation. WUC will then send out a technician to conduct an inspection and install a water meter. You may be required to pay a deposit to start the service. 

Bins and recycling

Waste collection in Botswana is overseen by local municipalities. In Gaborone, the city council offers a weekly door-to-door waste collection service. General household and garden waste are collected at no charge. You can also request additional services for construction or hazardous waste at an additional cost if needed. 

We recommend visiting your local city council office to find out about waste collection schedules. Although services are fairly frequent in suburban and affluent areas, the lower-income areas in Gaborone receive unreliable service, resulting in illegal dumping. 

Recycling is in its infancy in Botswana, with private companies taking the lead in promoting sustainability. If you are looking to reduce your personal footprint, you can sort your recyclable waste and take it to NGOs like Enviro Recovery Botswana for recycling. 

Internet

As the internet infrastructure in Botswana continues to develop, keeping in touch with friends and family back home becomes even easier. Internet access has improved in the country, with mobile networks offering everything from 3G to 5G connections. Some of the most popular mobile networks in the country include MTN, Mascom Wireless, and Orange Botswana. 

There are also fixed broadband and satellite internet networks on offer. It's also easy to access international TV channels, thanks to providers like DSTV and StarTimes. 

Useful links

• Botswana Power Corporation
• Tswana Gas
• Water Utilities Corporation
• MTN
• Orange Botswana
• DSTV Botswana

There are many options for education and schools in Botswana. To choose the right school, parents will likely consider their budget and the cost of living, the language of instruction and curriculum, as well as the academic culture.

While public schooling is available, these schools often lack resources, and the standard of education varies considerably. As such, most expat parents opt for private and international schools.

Although there might be dedicated Setswana classes, the primary language of instruction for many private schools in Botswana is English. These schools are known as English-medium schools.

Botswana also offers higher education opportunities at several universities and technical colleges. Nursing and teaching vocational courses after secondary school are also available.

Public schools in Botswana

The education system in Botswana has improved as the economy has grown. Botswana’s Ministry of Education and Skills Development manages the public schooling system. Education in Botswana is free for the first 10 years, ranging from primary school to junior secondary school. 

Schooling in the country is divided into three sections: 

• Primary school (ages 6 to 13)
• Junior secondary (ages 13 to 15)
• Secondary school (ages 15 to 17)

In primary school, each year is referred to as a 'standard', while in secondary school, it is known as a 'form'. The senior secondary level offers both vocational and academic streams.

You have the option to enrol your children in local schools, but many public schools outside the main cities lack resources and are underfunded and understaffed.

Useful links

• Ministry of Education and Skills Development – School Registrations

Private and international schools in Botswana

International schools in Botswana are of a high standard and follow a curriculum model from a foreign country. To ease your children's transition into life in Botswana, you may consider enrolling them in a school that follows your home country's curriculum and language.

Most of the country's international schools are based in the capital and other large cities and towns. 

Many offer the UK’s curriculum with Cambridge IGCSEs and A-Levels or the International Baccalaureate curriculum. Some schools incorporate the Botswanan national curriculum alongside an international curriculum. 

Botswana’s international schools are typically well resourced and staffed with qualified, experienced teachers. Children here will benefit from access to high learning standards, smaller class sizes, first-rate facilities and a wide range of extracurricular activities.

The catch is the high cost of tuition. As an expat working in Botswana, you may be able to negotiate an allowance for your children’s school fees. If you enrol more than one child in a particular school, you may qualify for discounts.

Given the high demand for international schools, space is often limited. We recommend that expat parents research the international schools in Botswana and their admissions procedures to ensure they can begin the application process as early as possible. 

Nurseries in Botswana

Preschool is not compulsory in the country, but many options are available. Parents can find private childcare and daycare centres easily if they live in Gaborone or other large towns and cities. When selecting a nursery, many parents focus their search on areas and suburbs close to their accommodation.

Many nurseries are independent while, some are faith-based or follow a Montessori approach. Several international schools, like Gaborone International School, offer preschool, primary, and high school education.

Special-needs education in Botswana

Unfortunately, special needs education is limited in Botswana. While the need for integrated classes is recognised, few schools afford the resources and staff to support this, particularly in public schooling. Traditional schools that cannot offer comprehensive support may be reluctant to admit students with behavioural, learning or physical disabilities or challenges.

This is changing though, as more students with special educational needs are enrolled in mainstream classes today. Many universities in Botswana also offer teacher training programmes with a specialisation in special needs education, increasing the country's capacity to educate children with special needs. 

Children whose needs are determined to be too severe for inclusion in mainstream classrooms can enrol in one of the few special-needs schools in the country. Ambrose Academy is one of the best special-needs education schools in Botswana, providing an environment where students can develop holistically. 

International schools are more likely to offer learning-support programmes for diverse learning needs. It's best to contact the schools directly to determine the available support services.

Useful links

• Botswana Department of Special Support Services (DSSS) 
• Ambrose Academy

Tutors in Botswana

As education is highly valued in Botswana, tutors are an abundant resource. Whether students don't want to feel left behind academically or they want extra support close to exam time, private tutors specialised in certain subject areas can help prepare and support children. Tutors also offer extracurricular activities, from piano and guitar to dance and horse riding.

One of the best ways to find a tutor is to check online resources. Networking and asking other families can also be good options. Several private tutoring companies are also available.

Useful links

• TeacherOn
• Lion Tutoring

Botswanan embassies

• Botswana Embassy, Washington, DC, United States: +1 202 244 4990
• Botswana Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7499 0031
• Botswana Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 596 2342
• Botswana Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6234 7500
• Botswana Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 430 9640
• Botswana Embassy, Auckland, New Zealand: +64 21 633 951

Foreign embassies in Botswana

• American Embassy, Gaborone: +267 395 3982
• British High Commission, Gaborone: +267 395 2841
• Canadian Honorary Consulate, Gaborone: +267 3160 926
• Australian Honorary Consulate, Gaborone: +267 776 00002
• South African High Commission, Gaborone: +267 3904 800

The weather in Botswana is influenced by its semi-arid climate, with temperatures remaining hot and dry for most of the year. Rainfall is scarce in Botswana but when it does rain, showers can be unpredictable and localised. Most of the rain that does fall comes during the summer months between November and April. The average summer temperatures can soar to 100°F (38°C). 

The wettest part of the country is in the north, with the precipitation peaking in January and February. The amount of rainfall decreases the further south one travels.

Winter (May to August) in Botswana is almost completely dry, and average nighttime lows often reach below 42°F (6°C). There are warm, sunny days and very cold nights, with temperatures dipping below freezing in some areas. Humidity levels are also very low in the winter months, adding to the pleasant conditions and resulting in crisp, clear weather.

The transitional seasons between summer and winter are pleasant and dry, without the freezing nights of winter.

Crime in Botswana

With increasing crime in Botswana, it's important to be vigilant and take common-sense security precautions. Petty street crime and crimes of opportunity, primarily the theft of money and personal property, are common. Home invasions and muggings at knifepoint are also often reported to the police.

It's best to keep your valuables and bags out of sight when in a vehicle and to securely lock your car and house doors, especially in large towns such as Gaborone, Francistown and Maun.

Road safety in Botswana

Driving in Botswana can be challenging and sometimes dangerous. Some vehicles are not roadworthy and not all drivers follow the traffic regulations. 

When driving, remember to drive defensively, stick to the speed limits, and watch out for drunk drivers. If you are in a rural area, you should also be vigilant of livestock on roads, especially at night.

Health safety in Botswana

Several infectious diseases are prevalent in Botswana, with malaria being of particular concern in some areas like Chobe and Ghanzi. To prevent malaria, you should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites, including using insect repellent and mosquito nets. Before travelling to the country, we also advise that you consult your local healthcare professional about anti-malarial medication.

Newcomers should also take care to avoid the intense heat and sun. Sunscreen, hats and appropriate clothing are recommended. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.

Various poisonous snakes and insects such as scorpions and spiders may be encountered throughout Botswana. If you're moving to a rural area, you should be especially cautious, or when you're on safari in the bush. Educate yourself and your family on identifying and avoiding these creatures.

Botswana has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the world, and many families have been impacted by it in some way or another. Expats should take appropriate precautions and educate their children on the subject.

If you're an expat moving to Botswana, you won’t have to overcome too many obstacles while settling in, but as with any new country, it may take some time to adjust to the local culture.

Five key principles define the country's national character: democracy, development, self-reliance, unity, and 'botho'. In Setswana, 'botho' refers to the qualities of courtesy, self-discipline, and respect for others. 

'Botho' is also about fulfilling the needs of individuals and the community. If you respect these principles, you will quickly adjust to your new life in this African country.

Language barrier in Botswana

Botswana’s official and predominant languages are English and Setswana. You can get by without learning Setswana, but life will be much easier if you learn a few basic phrases in the local language. Expats may also find that English is less widely spoken in the country's more rural areas.

Food in Botswana

Botswana's cuisine shares some characteristics with that of other Southern African countries, but certain dishes are uniquely local. 'Seswaa', for example, is a dish of heavily salted mashed-up beef, goat, chicken, or lamb meat. Mopane worms are also eaten in Botswana, commonly served dried and salted as a snack.

While it's worth tasting some local fare, you shouldn’t worry too much about changing your eating habits. There are plenty of Western-style grocery stores and restaurants. That said, Botswana is landlocked, and fresh seafood may not be readily available.

Traditional values and family in Botswana

Batswana pride themselves on hospitality and friendliness. Respect for elders remains a strong value, and the family plays an important part in the local culture. When doing business in Botswana, you are advised to treat elders respectfully.

Tribal tradition is also influential, but this is slowly changing as younger generations are influenced by Western lifestyles. While traditional faiths are practised, Christianity is the dominant religion.

Time in Botswana

As with elsewhere on the continent, the concept of 'African time' can be an adjustment when you're settling into your new life. There is often no rush to get things done in Botswana, especially in its rural areas, so you must learn to be patient. Formal business meetings may be more punctual than informal arrangements, where plans with friends may end up much later than originally scheduled.

Arts in Botswana

Many Batswana are highly skilled craftsmen and talented artists. Arts in all forms are traditionally valued and expressed in dance, music, poetry, pottery, carpentry, and craftwork. New arrivals moving into an unfurnished apartment will have no trouble finding high-quality, locally-made furniture.

LGBTQ+ in Botswana

Homosexuality was decriminalised in Botswana in 2019, marking a landmark ruling for LGBTQ+ rights in the country. While there are some legal protections for LGBTQ+ people in the country, societal shifts are still a long way off. Healthcare access for members of the community is severely lacking. Many local members of the LGBTQ+ community often travel to neighbouring South Africa to see treatment. 

We recommend avoiding public displays of affection, especially in rural areas, as societal attitudes remain conservative. Attitudes may be more accepting in large cities like Gaborone. 

Women in Botswana

Women have only been allowed to own land independent of their husbands since 2020, indicating that Botswana's gender equality laws are somewhat behind the times. That said, the government is committed to eradicating gender inequality. There are still significant gaps in the gender pay gap and women's roles in the workplace and the home. 

Violence against women is an issue in Botswana, especially violence perpetuated by partners. Expat women are advised to avoid walking alone at night and to avoid dimly lit areas. 

The financial sector in Botswana is a growing industry, and the country's national stock market is among the best performing in Africa. The Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) is based in the capital city of Gaborone, and some of the biggest companies doing business in the country are listed. 

Several global entities are investing in Botswana's economy, encouraged by its lack of exchange controls and fairly liberal economic policies. Thanks to the country's sophisticated financial systems, managing your money, banking, and taxes in Botswana will be simple. 

Money in Botswana

The currency in Botswana is the Pula, abbreviated as BWP. There are 100 thebe to one pula. US dollars and euros are accepted in major hotels and other businesses that cater to international tourists, but you should expect to use pula for all day-to-day transactions.

• Notes: BWP 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200
• Coins: BWP 1, 2 and 5; and 5, 10, 25 and 50 thebe

Currency can be exchanged at banks, licensed moneychangers, airport terminals and some hotels.

Banking in Botswana

The Bank of Botswana is the country's central bank, but a selection of local, regional, and international banks are also available. These include Bank Gaborone, First National Bank, and Standard Chartered.

Most expats who live in Botswana usually have a local account for daily expenses such as paying utility bills and buying groceries, while keeping an offshore account for savings. 

You can easily open a personal account at any local bank. Most banks offer a full spectrum of services that include debit and credit cards, online banking and specialised investment services.

Banking hours are typically 9am to 3pm or 3.30pm from Monday to Friday, with some branches open on Saturday mornings.

As an expat, you shouldn’t have a problem finding English-speaking tellers or consultants. Language in the country shouldn't pose a major culture shock if you're an English-speaking expat.

Credits cards and ATMs

Some major international credit cards, including Visa and Mastercard, are widely accepted in Botswana. That said, you may be unable to use your American Express and Diners Club cards in the country. Many petrol (gas) stations and some shops outside the cities still only accept cash, so it’s useful to carry some with you at all times.

Bank branches are plentiful, especially near busy shopping areas. ATMs are just as widely available in Botswana's cities, and most larger stores accept debit and credit cards.

Taxes in Botswana

The tax system in Botswana changes often and can be tricky for you as an expat to navigate on your own. For this reason, we encourage you to hire a specialist with detailed knowledge of the country’s tax system and experience working with expats.

Transport and driving in Botswana can be challenging. Public transport in Botswana isn’t particularly reliable or widespread, especially outside of Gaborone or other big cities. 

For this reason, most expats living in Botswana opt to drive themselves around, while some hire a driver and a vehicle.

Public transport in Botswana

When moving to Botswana, you will find that your options for public transport are rather limited. Nevertheless, taxis, 'kombis' (minibuses), and coach buses are available.

Buses

Coach buses are one of the most popular transport options in Botswana for travelling between cities or even further afield to neighbouring countries. Various companies operate along the busiest bus routes, the biggest of which is Seabalo.

Buses are typically comfortable and often follow a schedule, regardless of whether they are full or not. Since bus schedules are not posted anywhere, you can find out about them at bus stations. 

Trains

Rail transport in Botswana is not as well-developed as the road networks. It is largely limited to freight trains. That said, Botswana Railways operates a passenger train known as the BR Express. 

This offers services connecting Lobatse, Gaborone, and Francistown. We advise that you check the Botswana Railways website and contact the relevant station for up-to-date schedules and information.

Useful links

• Seabelo Express
• Botswana Railways – BR Express

Taxis in Botswana

Within cities and towns, public transport mostly consists of 'kombis'. These are minivans or minibus taxis that seat 15 passengers. These minibus taxis travel along fixed routes and are easily hailed on the street.

Taxicabs are another common way of getting around. Getting a taxi in Botswana is generally a safe choice. That said, we advise that you agree on a price before beginning the journey. There are several taxicab companies, so there is no set design to identify them. Some ride-hailing applications like inDrive are thriving in Gaborone.

Useful links

• Gifa's Transport
• inDrive

Driving in Botswana

Most expats moving to Botswana opt to buy or rent a car and drive themselves around.

Road conditions in Botswana are better than in many other African countries, with roads in urban areas being particularly well maintained.

Despite many roads being in good condition, road safety still presents challenges. Particular difficulties include limited signage, erratic driving and animals on the road in rural areas. Directions are commonly given using landmarks, rather than street names and numbers.

Dirt roads in remote areas can be hazardous, particularly during the rainy season. Driving after dark on these routes is discouraged.

You should also note that various veterinary fences criss-cross Botswana to prevent the spread of cattle illnesses like foot-and-mouth disease. Travellers must hand over all meat products at the control points along these boundaries. Drivers may also have to clean their tyres and shoes on disinfectant mats. The thoroughness of the checks depends on whether there has been a recent outbreak of one of these diseases.

Driving licences for Botswana

New arrivals may drive on an international driver’s permit and their valid home country licence for up to three months. Thereafter, you have to get a local driving licence. In most cases, expats will not need to complete a driving test and will merely have to present their valid licences and residency permit to their nearest Department of Road Transport and Safety branch.

Useful links

• Botswana Ministry of Transport and Communications – Foreign Driving Licence Conversion

Air travel in Botswana

Botswana's main airport is Sir Seretse Khama International Airport in Gaborone. Smaller airports can be found in Francistown, Maun and Kasane. The national carrier is Air Botswana, which operates flights between South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Zambia and Botswana.

Thanks to its world-renowned diamond industry and fast-growing service, tourism, and manufacturing sectors, Botswana is an upper-middle-income country. Its economy is one of the most successful in Africa, with close economic links to South Africa.

Relatively liberal economic policies and strong financial institutions attract foreign investment, allowing for substantial economic growth. Botswana is also ranked among the least corrupt countries in the world.

You're in luck if you're looking for work in Botswana, as the country's job market is growing, with vacancies in diverse sectors. You'll need a work permit to work in Botswana legally, and its issuance is typically attached to an offer of employment, so we recommend securing a role before coming to the country. 

Job market in Botswana

Botswana’s wealth of minerals and raw materials cannot be overlooked when discussing the job market. Most of the country's exports are in unmounted diamonds. Botswana is also home to the Orapa diamond mine – the world's largest diamond mine by area.

The country has experienced rapid growth in its ICT sector, driven by both public and private sector investment. This has expanded internet services, making it easier to do business and find jobs within the information systems sector.

There is also a well-respected financial industry that attracts many expats. The Botswana Stock Exchange performs well, and several international and local banks operate here. If you have education qualifications, you can also find work teaching at one of the country's prestigious international schools or universities. 

Botswana's immense and thriving biodiversity contributes to a robust tourism industry. The country is blessed with abundant wildlife, as well as the natural landscapes of wetlands and the semi-arid sandy savannah of the Kalahari Desert. Jobs in tourism hope to conserve this natural beauty while boosting the economy at the same time.

Finding a job in Botswana

Many expats who relocate to Botswana do so through an intra-company transfer. This is often the case for those working in the financial industry or for a large multinational. If you find yourself drawn to the country without a job offer on hand, you will need to look for work.

For expat jobseekers in Botswana, searching the internet is a good start. We recommend leveraging your updated profile on popular networking sites like LinkedIn, while also keeping tabs on listings on job portals. Newspaper classifieds, whether physically or digitally, can also be useful. Alternatively, you can go through a recruitment agency.

Useful links

• Jobs Botswana
• Expat Botswana

Work culture in Botswana

English is commonly spoken in business and used in everyday life in Botswana. Still, if you are doing business in Botswana, you are encouraged to try to use some basic phrases in the local language, Setswana.

Work culture and communication hierarchies are generally top-down. That said, employers, managers, and employees often collaborate and consult. As across all spheres of life in Botswana, elders are treated with respect in the workplace.

The communication style is typically indirect, with locals often avoiding confrontation to keep the peace. It's essential that, as an expat, you build rapport and trust before attempting to engage in candid or frank conversations. Meetings also require patience, as consensus-building can take a long time due to the indirect communication style. 

Fast facts

Business hours 

8am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. 

Business language

English is the language of business, while Setswana is also widely spoken. 

Dress

A conservative dress code is common for businesspeople in Botswana. 

Gifts

Gifts are acceptable. Monetary gifts should always be avoided. 

Gender equality

In the modern economy, there is no formal division of labour by gender roles. Women make up a significant part of the workplace, but men still outnumber them. It's also rare to find women in senior positions. 

Business culture in Botswana

Business culture in Botswana is conservative and based firmly on mutual respect. Batswana (citizens of Botswana) can be reserved. So, it is best to be patient with colleagues and co-workers until they feel comfortable. Locals are friendly to foreigners, so you should have no problem settling in.

Greetings

In Batswana culture, it is common to shake hands with men and women. A local greeting phrase is also an easy way to make a good impression. It is polite to address senior men as 'Rra' and women as 'Mma'.

Communication

Colleagues and even supervisors are often addressed as Mr or Ms with their last name. Batswana can be reserved, but making small talk before getting down to business can help with this. Communication is based on a reciprocal relationship, so you should ask questions while sharing information about yourself.

Meetings

You should know that the time set for a meeting is often flexible. The same can be said for deadlines, though working overtime to finish a project on time is not uncommon. 

Attitude towards foreigners

In Botswana, foreigners are treated fairly. Batswana are impressed by education, but a person’s ability to ‘go with the flow’ will be the most influential characteristic in the working world. Employees who feel comfortable and respect their boss are more likely to talk among themselves and maintain a relaxed attitude in the workplace.

Dos and don’ts of business in Botswana

• Do be punctual
• Don’t point with the index finger, as this is a sign of disrespect
• Do make small talk and ask about a colleague's family
• Do greet colleagues politely, for example with a friendly 'hello' or 'dumela'

With picturesque landscapes and some of the most extraordinary wildlife scenes, Botswana is a beautiful, warm African country that is home to some of the world's friendliest people. Still, life in the country is not perfect, and you may face a few challenges and complications as an expat moving to Botswana, but once you've settled, it's certain to be smooth sailing.

To help you make the best decision for you and your family, we've listed some pros and cons of moving to Botswana below.

Cost of living in Botswana

+ PRO: Affordable cost of living

Botswana can be an incredibly affordable place to live, especially if you manage your finances well. Its favourable exchange rate also attracts people from the US, the UK, and Europe. 

- CON: Healthcare can become expensive

Private healthcare is the main option for expats and insurance is essential, as these costs quickly increase. In some cases, the healthcare system may be unable to handle specific illnesses and major surgeries, so patients must be sent to facilities abroad such as those in South Africa. Insurance that covers repatriation is likely to be more expensive.

Visas for Botswana

+ PRO: Some countries don’t need travel visas

Botswana allows visa-free entry for citizens from many countries. If their stay is short, citizens from several countries, including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK, and many SADC countries, need not apply for visas in advance. Normally, they receive a 90-day visa on arrival in Botswana. Nevertheless, prospective expats and tourists are advised to check visa regulations with the respective embassy.

- CON: Confusing application processes

Various documents and details are required when applying for visas, residence and work permits. Applicants must also ensure their passports are valid. To avoid unnecessary stress and frustration, we recommend visiting embassies or engaging the services of immigration consultants.

Healthcare in Botswana

+ PRO: Good quality healthcare in major towns

Major towns and cities such as Gaborone have good healthcare. You are likely to receive treatment from well-trained and qualified doctors, some of whom are expats themselves. As English is the official language, communicating in hospitals and clinics will not be an issue.

- CON: Insurance requirements

Having insurance is more of a necessity than a luxury. This is because emergency treatment is only given in the event of full insurance coverage in private hospitals, which would otherwise often require cash payment upfront. Health insurance should also cover medical treatment abroad and repatriation, as some cases may require medical care in South Africa. 

- CON: Health risks

There are several health concerns in Botswana. Although these are typically isolated, there are occasional outbreaks of rabies and anthrax. Tick, mosquito, scorpion, spider, and snake bites are a risk when going to national parks. Mosquito-borne illnesses are also a risk in Botswana, so you should ensure you are protected from bites and take malaria prophylaxis. 

Accommodation in Botswana

+ PRO: Affordable accommodation

Given the reasonable cost of living in Botswana, it follows that accommodation can be found at good rates. Both rent and utilities are cheaper than what you may be used to, while the standard of housing is also high. Many expats stay in gated communities which are safe and secure with air-conditioning – a life-saver during the hottest months.

- CON: Pay attention to lease details

Landlords may mention a rent increase over time, so you should pay attention to the standard rental prices in your area and negotiate a fee that suits you and your landlord. Fortunately, all utilities, including water and electricity, can be included in the rent. Do ask about this before signing any rental agreement.

Safety in Botswana

+ PRO: Low crime rate compared to nearby countries

There is no recent history of terrorism, and violent attacks on tourists are rare. While walking around at night in Botswana may be safer than in South Africa, you still need to take necessary safety precautions and use common sense.

- CON: Inequality and increasing crime rate 

Botswana is a developing country, and many people live in poverty. With major inequality in the country, crime does exist. You should be aware of increasing petty and violent crime in towns such as Francistown, Maun and Gaborone. Robberies and theft occur, and valuables should not be left in plain sight in parked vehicles.

Getting around in Botswana

+ PRO: Good tarmac roads

Some well-maintained tarmac roads connect most of the country, especially in and around major cities. Of course, this is lacking in certain areas. Four-wheel-drive vehicles may be needed, especially when visiting national parks.

- CON: Driving hazards

Drivers do face risks, and you may be frustrated by others not following the rules of the road, ignoring speed limits, and driving drunk. Outside urban areas, lighting is poor, so you should drive slowly and be vigilant of livestock, wildlife, and potholes. When travelling to remote areas, take emergency supplies, including food, water, and a satellite phone.

Working in Botswana

+ PRO: Growing economy and job opportunities

Botswana's economy is growing reasonably well, largely due to its diamond wealth. The vibrant job market presents plenty of work opportunities, so you shouldn't struggle to find a job. Expats are often also transferred to branches in Botswana through their companies.

+ PRO: Money matters can be dealt with fairly easily

Tourists in Botswana or those staying short term may be able to use travellers’ cheques at some banks. US dollars and euros can be used in several main hotels. Visa and major credit cards are accepted in shops and restaurants, and ATMs are accessible in major towns.

- CON: Time-consuming and often unnecessary paperwork

Slow, inefficient bureaucratic processes are an issue in many countries all over the world, and Botswana is one of them. Red tape is hard to avoid when applying for visas and doing business, but if you keep your documents in order and show a little patience, you will generally have a smooth experience.

Local culture in Botswana

+ PRO: Locals are friendly

People from Botswana, known as Batswana, are friendly and helpful. They are proud of their country and culture. Some seemingly small parts of communication are important to the culture, for example, greeting, respecting the elderly and making eye contact (too little eye contact is viewed with suspicion).

- CON: Understanding and tolerance of LGBTQ+ is low

Although homosexuality is no longer illegal in Botswana, the LGBTQ+ community continues to face discrimination, harassment and negative attention as public customs are not tolerant of it. This element of culture shock may be difficult to deal with, although things are slowly changing.

- CON: Tolerance of immigrants varies

Although Batswana are largely friendly and welcoming, foreigners have mixed experiences. Expats from the US and the UK may have more positive experiences than those from other African nations, who have reported feeling treated as, and being seen as, outsiders.

Education and schools in Botswana

+ PRO: Good standard of international schools in Botswana

If you are moving to Botswana with children, you can choose from various international schools that mainly offer American- or British-based curricula. Some schools have Christian values. Several schools also offer boarding facilities. Most are concentrated in the capital city.

- CON: Public schools lack resources

Although much more affordable, public schools are not really an option for many expats. This is because standards at these schools are much lower than in private, international schools. This leaves parents with limited options, restricting them to pricier schools. Fortunately, international schools in Botswana have much better rates and tuition fees than those in European countries.

Lifestyle in Botswana

+ PRO: Nature is abundant

Nature buffs with a thirst for adventure will not be short of things to see and do in Botswana. This ranges from the Okavango Delta with luxurious (and expensive) eco-lodges and self-camping (more affordable) experiences to the Makgadikgadi Basin with its salt pan in the heart of Botswana’s northeastern savannah ecosystem. The diverse flora and fauna and natural beauty will capture anyone’s attention.

+ PRO: Gaborone is well-developed

Most expats are likely to move to Botswana’s capital, Gaborone, which is also the largest city. It is quite developed with shopping malls, entertainment opportunities, banks and safe taxis.

- CON: Expat bubble can isolate new arrivals

Moving to Botswana with a good salary and employment package can secure good quality accommodation and possibly international school fees for those with children. These expats can also afford luxurious safari adventures and a comfortable life, which may isolate them from the reality of the country. Botswana experiences inequality, but is also incredibly rich in traditional culture. We encourage you to step out of your comfort zone, learn some of the local language, Setswana, and immerse yourself in the culture.

Weather in Botswana

- CON: Too hot and humid to bear

For many, adjusting to the hot climate can be difficult. Air conditioning is essential. Although winter nights from May to August may provide some relief from the heat, it can be difficult to sleep.

+ PRO: Year-round summer

Botswana has a warm climate, with most of the year being hot and dry. Those who love the heat and hate the cold will settle in well. Be sure to carry water, sunscreen, and hats when walking around, not only when sunbathing.

You may be inspired by images of the vast Kalahari Desert and the Big Five when moving to Botswana. While this semi-arid sandy savannah spans around 70 percent of the country, Botswana is far from entirely dry and dusty. 

The landlocked country in Southern Africa boasts myriad remarkable landscapes, great biodiversity, and plenty of natural wealth and resources. To top it off, the Batswana people are known for being friendly and welcoming, making for a fantastic expat experience. 

Living in Botswana as an expat

From the Okavango Delta, home to lions, hippos, elephants and much more, to the massive salt flats of the Makgadikgadi Pan, Botswana promises various unique and beautiful experiences.

Tourism, especially ecotourism, is a major contributor to the country’s economy. Botswana has emerged as an upper-middle-income country, boasting political stability and a competitive banking system. Alongside its thriving tourism industry, the country is rich in natural resources – particularly diamonds.

Indeed, diamonds have attracted foreigners from within the Southern African region and further afield. Several international mining corporations have established regional headquarters in Botswana, prospecting for diamonds, gold, uranium, and copper. The economy has also diversified considerably, with a growing job market and employment opportunities ranging from ICT to finances.

Accommodation in Botswana is plentiful, with houses, townhouses, and apartments available in bigger cities. Areas that are more popular and closer to city centres tend to be pricier, and the quality of housing also influences prices. Overall, housing is still reasonably affordable, especially for those from the UK, US, and Europe.

Transport options in the country are limited, and this is an additional cost to consider. Taxis and minibuses can be found in the city, but rail transport networks are not extensive and the BR Express is the only sizeable passenger train. To access remote areas or even get around in larger towns or cities, you'll likely need a private car and may have to hire a driver. Driving in Botswana can be tricky, with potholes common outside cities, limited signage in places and animals on the roads in rural areas.

Additionally, you are encouraged to explore the healthcare options available in the country before moving. Despite improvements in and expanding medical facilities, public healthcare remains under-resourced. Both public and private hospitals and clinics are available in the main cities and towns, but serious medical emergencies may require evacuation to South Africa. We advise you to ensure adequate medical insurance to cover healthcare costs.

Cost of living in Botswana

Most expats in Botswana earn decent salaries and have good employment packages, allowing them to live relatively luxuriously. Botswana consistently ranks as having a low cost of living, but we recommend that you factor in potential healthcare costs and school fees for families with children. 

Local produce is easily affordable, though imported items can be expensive. Accommodation, especially close to popular areas, will most likely be one of your biggest expenses as an expat.

Families and children in Botswana

The education system in Botswana has improved recently. As an expat, you can enrol your children in local schools, though the standards at public schools in rural areas can be low. Most expats send their children to a private or international school, where tuition and fees are high, but still much cheaper than their European counterparts.

There is plenty to see and do with your family during your downtime in Botswana. You can enjoy weekend breaks in Botswana's national parks, like Chobe National Park, and explore the country's abundant wildlife on safari. Adventurous tourists, expats, and locals alike can enjoy hiking and off-road trails and overland trips. The attractions in neighbouring Namibia and South Africa are also just a short flight away.

Climate in Botswana

You'll likely find the weather in Botswana as warm as the people. With a semi-arid climate, Botswana is hot and dry almost year-round. Occasional showers do happen, falling mainly during the summer months. Winters are dry and warm, with cold nights.

Whatever the reason for relocating, it's essential that you are aware that there are both pros and cons in Botswana. What cannot be denied is that moving to Botswana presents a new adventure filled with exciting new experiences and interesting people. Many expats fall in love with the country and decide to settle down permanently.

Fast facts

Population: Over 2.5 million 

Capital city: Gaborone

Neighbouring countries: Botswana is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the east.

Geography: Botswana, the world's 48th-largest country, is predominantly flat and dominated by the Kalahari Desert, which covers about 70 percent of its land surface. The Okavango Delta, in the northwest of the country, is one of the world's largest inland deltas. The salt pans of Makgadikgadi also lie in the north.

Political system: Parliamentary republic

Major religion: Christianity

Main languages: English and Setswana

Money: The Pula (BWP) is divided into 100 thebes. ATMs and card facilities are widely available in all major urban centres.

Tipping: Tipping is not compulsory, but is appreciated.

Time: GMT+2

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. Plugs with three round pins are used (type D), as well as three rectangular pins (type G)

Internet domain: .bw

International dialling code: +267

Emergency contacts: 997 (ambulance) and 999 (police)

Transport and driving: Vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road.

*Public holidays that fall on a Sunday are observed on the following Monday

Whether you are moving to Botswana to set up a business, take up an exciting job offer or simply visit stunning game reserves and see the famous Okavango Delta, you'll need to have the correct visa for Botswana.

Visa regulations are subject to change. We recommend visiting a Botswanan embassy or consulate for up-to-date information.

The main visa types are tourism visas, visitor's visas, study visas, as well as business, investment, and employment visas. If you wish to stay in the country, you might also be required to obtain a residence visa.

Tourist and visitor's visas for Botswana

The application process for a short-term visa for Botswana is not as straightforward as it is for other destinations. Travellers are encouraged to investigate visa regulations ahead of time and apply before travelling, with Botswana's e-visa facilities, if necessary.

Many countries' nationals do not need a visa for short-term stays. This includes citizens from the European Union, the UK, the US, and South Africa, among others. These foreigners will likely receive a visa on arrival. Nonetheless, it’s best to check with the nearest embassy about the latest regulations, as entry requirements change frequently.

Foreign citizens who are not from a visa-exempt country must apply in advance. First, determine whether you need a tourism visa or a visitor's visa.

Tourism visas allow travel to Botswana for recreational or non-work activities. Visitor's visas allow foreigners to stay in Botswana for social reasons, such as attending an event or visiting friends and family. To get a tourism or visitor's visa, applicants will usually be asked to provide their flight and trip itinerary. Processing the visas normally takes two weeks.

Tourism visas are valid for up to three months, depending on whether it is single- or multi-entry. The tourism visa can be extended up to five years and allow multiple entries in some cases.

Visitor's visas are generally valid for three months, but dependants of residents can be issued a visitor’s visa valid for up to two years. Neither tourism nor visitor's visas allow foreigners to work in the country.

Useful links

• Botswana e-visa

Study visas for Botswana

If you're a prospective expat planning to study at an educational institution in Botswana, you must apply for a study visa. There are several universities and technical colleges like the University of Botswana and Limkokwing University of Creative Technology. Botswana also offers research opportunities.

Among the supporting documents, applicants must often provide their flight itinerary and proof of acceptance to study. Additionally, they must also state their source of funding. Study visas are valid for three months but can be extended.

Work permits for Botswana

You must apply for the appropriate work visa if you are planning on doing business in Botswana. As an international, you cannot work or earn an income in Botswana on a tourism, visitor’s or study visa. Instead, specific business, investment, and employment visas are available.

Business visas

Foreign citizens who are prospective investors, entrepreneurs, or traders are advised to apply for a business visa. This visa allows you to attend business conferences and explore and negotiate commercial opportunities.

Officials in Botswana will require certified copies of trade licences, incorporation, or a certificate of host for the locally registered business. You must also submit a meeting schedule. Validity for the visa ranges from three to six months up to one year and can be single- or multi-entry. 

Investment visas

While business visas allow prospective businesspeople entry to Botswana, investment visas are issued to expats who regularly do business in the country. This often includes foreigners with investment projects and directors of organisations that operate in Botswana.

Investment visas are typically valid from six months to five years. Holders of these visas are allowed to apply for permanent residence after 10 years. 

Employment visas

Foreign nationals who are offered an opportunity for employment or an internship, as well as research and voluntary work, must get an employment visa.

If you have a job offer, you must apply for an employment visa and a work permit alongside your prospective employer. In most cases, the employer will carry the burden of applying for a work permit. Regardless, you should ask your employer or consult with the nearest embassy about the required supporting documents.

Employment visas are usually granted for six months but can be extended.

Residence permits for Botswana

Residence permits allow foreign nationals to live in Botswana. If you wish to stay longer than your visa allows, you can explore your options for a residence permit, whether you are an investor, employee, or student. Accompanying dependants must also apply for residency through the Botswanan immigration authorities.

The documents required vary depending on the applicants' circumstances. In many cases, applicants must provide a medical report and a certified copy of their birth certificate.

After living in Botswana for a minimum of five years, you can apply for permanent residence.

Foreigners will likely need a fair bit of time collecting the necessary documents and then waiting for the application to be processed. This could be at least thirty working days for a residence permit or six months for permanent residence applications.

Securing residency within Botswana can be quite a daunting task, and the process can be tedious and confusing. Many expats hire the services of an immigration consultant to assist them.

Useful links

• Republic of Botswana – Immigration and Civil Registration

*Visa requirements can change at short notice, and expats are advised to contact their nearest Botswana consulate for the latest information.

Healthcare in Botswana is dominated by the public sector, with the public system operating up to 98 percent of the health facilities. Nevertheless, there is a huge gap in quality between public and private medical provisions. As such, you should purchase private health insurance to ensure comprehensive coverage while in Botswana.

As in much of the rest of Africa, the public healthcare system mainly serves a lower-income bracket, while expats and those who can afford it use the private healthcare system. Many local people in Botswana rely on faith healing or herbalists, both of which currently operate informally, as the country has yet to regulate traditional medical practice.

Although there are adequate provisions in Botswana’s private hospitals, medical evacuation to neighbouring South Africa is common in serious cases.

Public healthcare in Botswana

Botswana offers universal healthcare to all its citizens. A nominal fee may be charged for some services in the public sector, but sexual reproductive health services and antiretroviral therapy services are free.

Healthcare professionals working in public hospitals are generally well-trained. Unfortunately, understaffing and under-resourcing contribute to a strain on public healthcare. Large public health facilities are mainly found in Gaborone. Outside the capital, medical provisions are of a lower and variable standard, and resources are limited across the country.

The country’s public healthcare system focuses on disease prevention. Botswana has had one of the world's highest prevalences of HIV/AIDS infections, so several non-governmental organisations and public health facilities provide related services, such as counselling and testing.

You should carry identification and proof of medical insurance to avoid being taken to a public facility in an emergency.

Useful links

• Ministry of Health and Wellness

Private healthcare in Botswana

The standard of medical treatment in Botswana's major towns is typically good. Many doctors in private hospitals are locals educated elsewhere, who then return to their home country to practise medicine.

While mobile clinics are available in remote areas, health facilities are more limited further from urban areas.

Private healthcare in Botswana is expensive. Outpatients are generally asked to pay cash before receiving treatment. Moreover, patients may only be treated for emergency services if they have health insurance. So, to ensure access to the best quality of care and medical treatment, you should invest in a good health plan.

Health insurance in Botswana

If you travel outside of Botswana regularly or will be returning home, purchasing an international health plan that will cover them wherever you go is a good idea.

You should ensure that your health plan covers medical evacuation when you move to Botswana. If your employer provides medical cover, you should also evaluate whether it is comprehensive enough to provide for your specific needs. Health insurance, particularly international insurance, can be pricey, so we recommend shopping around. 

The cost of your health insurance will likely be determined by several factors, including your age, health status, and coverage level. You must ensure that you choose the right cover for you and your family's needs. 

Health hazards in Botswana

As an expat moving to Botswana, we recommend taking malaria prevention, particularly if you will be in the districts of Central, Chobe, Ghanzi, North-East and North-West. The cities of Francistown and Gaborone are generally considered to have low to no risk of malaria. Nevertheless, we recommend that you consult a healthcare professional about antimalarial medication and use mosquito nets and insect repellent.

Botswana has had occasional incidents of rabies and anthrax, while tick bites are also a risk in the bush. You are also advised to avoid drinking tap water, or at least drink filtered water. Heat exhaustion is also a risk factor in Botswana, so you should stay hydrated and use sunscreen when out during the day. 

Vaccinations for Botswana

There is currently a travel notice for polio in Botswana. It's recommended that those travelling to the country ensure they are up-to-date on their polio vaccines.

Before moving to Botswana, we recommend getting the following routine vaccines:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Rabies
• Typhoid
• Yellow fever
• Influenza

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide, and as such, you are advised to get a measles vaccine for Botswana. Incidences of Tuberculosis are also high in Botswana, so expats should be aware of this. 

Emergency medical services in Botswana

If you need emergency medical care, you can dial 997 to call an ambulance. MRI Botswana is the country's leading emergency service provider, offering ground and air ambulances.