Renting accommodation in Mozambique can be challenging. Most cities have a shortage of adequate long-term housing, a problem that’s especially prominent in Maputo. Expats may struggle to find housing that meets their standards in terms of luxury and utilities, especially if they’re moving from a developed nation. On the other hand, apartments in Mozambique tend to be more spacious than those available in many other countries.

Rent can be expensive, so careful budgeting is essential when it comes to finding the ideal home. 

Types of accommodation in Mozambique

The types of accommodation available in Mozambique vary widely. Many expats opt to live in large cities such as Maputo or Beira. Both freestanding houses and apartments are available throughout the country.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Both furnished and unfurnished accommodation can be found in Mozambique, each of which has its pros and cons. Furnished rentals in Mozambique come with appliances, furniture, and other household items already in place. This type of accommodation is ideal for expats who intend to stay in the country for a set period before moving back home. Furnished rental accommodation is more expensive than unfurnished.

Unfurnished rentals in Mozambique come mostly empty, though sometimes a stove or fridge is included. This type of accommodation is ideal for expats who already have their own furniture or would prefer to furnish the property themselves.

Short lets and temporary housing

Short lets and temporary housing in Mozambique are a fantastic option if you’re looking for a flexible and cost-effective housing solution for the days and weeks after you’ve arrived. These properties can be leased for a short period of time, and are typically those in the country for short-term work or other temporary assignments.

These types of rentals may come in the form of a room, apartment, or house that can be rented for a few days, weeks, or months at a time. They come furnished and are equipped with everything you might need for day-to-day living. While short lets are more expensive than long-term housing, they’re much cheaper than hotel stays.

Useful links

• Airbnb

Finding accommodation in Mozambique

When looking for accommodation in Mozambique, it is advisable to start browsing as far in advance as possible. Online property portals are a good place to start the search. There are various popular websites available, such as Property24 and Mozambique Houses.

You can also make use of forums and groups on social media platforms, though you should be wary of potential scams. Make sure you view the property in person before signing a lease or paying any money.

While using a real estate agent can be expensive, their guidance and knowledge of the local market can be invaluable in finding your new home. Making use of a relocation company is another possible avenue, as house-finding services can usually be added to your chosen package, if they aren’t already included.

Useful links

• Property24
• Mozambique Houses

Renting accommodation in Mozambique

Making an application

Because demand for accommodation in Mozambique is high, you’ll need to act quickly if you find something you like. Be prepared to fill in an application right away, and keep important documents to hand. You’ll likely be asked to submit proof of employment, income, and identity. Landlords prefer to work with people that they already know, so networking is an ideal way to get a foot in the door.

Signing a lease

Negotiating a clear and detailed contract with your prospective landlord is essential. Leases are typically signed on a one-year basis, although it may be possible to rent for a shorter period.

Mozambique has very few laws protecting tenants, and expats should be careful not to get trapped in a poorly worded rental agreement. Note that most leases will be written in Portuguese, so you may need to enlist the help of a bilingual friend or professional translator to ensure that you know what you’re signing.  

Deposits

Deposits can range from one to three months of rent, though higher deposits may include the first month of rent. At the end of the lease period, deposits should be returned in full as long as the property is not damaged beyond normal wear and tear. To prevent disputes, expats should take an inventory of the property when moving in, including photographs. 

Terminating a lease

In Mozambique, the process for terminating a lease can vary, depending on the terms of the lease agreement. If you wish to terminate your lease before the end of the term, you’ll have to give written notice to the landlord in advance. The required notice period is typically 30 days, unless specified differently in the lease agreement. 

Utilities in Mozambique

Utilities are usually not included in the price of rent, although this may differ for short-term rentals. Be sure to budget for internet, gas cylinders, electricity and water, and filtered drinking water. Power is supplied by Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), while water delivery is managed by Fundo de Investimento e Património de Abastecimento de Água (FIPAG) and Administração de Infra-estruturas de Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (AIAS). 

Gas and electricity

Most Mozambican households use electricity from the national grid for cooking and light, but the supply can be inconsistent, and power cuts are frequent. Many residents rely on solar backup systems or diesel generators to keep the lights on. 

Many expats use gas for cooking, as it tends to be more reliable than using electricity. Cylinders can be refilled or exchanged at local points of sale. Some providers may also offer pick-up and delivery services.

Water

The cost of municipal water varies in Mozambique. Residents are either invoiced at the end of each month, or use a prepaid meter to purchase municipal water. It is important to note that tap water in Mozambique is not safe to drink – expats should boil and filter water before it is safe to consume or purchase prepared water.

Bins and recycling

Local municipalities are responsible for waste collection in Mozambique, the frequency of which can vary, with urban areas seeing more regular collection than rural areas. If you wish to recycle, you’ll need to do so yourself as there aren’t government recycling initiatives.

Mozambique is a land of contrasts and a unique destination for expats. The pros of moving to this coastal country are well known – seemingly endless tropical beaches with warm ocean waters, friendly and welcoming people with fascinating cultures, and exceptional cuisine and hospitality. Conversely, Mozambique also contends with undeveloped infrastructure and services, corruption and widespread poverty.

Below are some primary pros and cons of moving to Mozambique as an expat.

Accommodation in Mozambique

+ PRO: Spacious accommodation

Mozambican houses and apartments often have significantly more room than accommodation in Europe and the US. Standalone homes frequently boast large gardens and even swimming pools. You’ll find that Mozambican property offers excellent value for space, although you’ll need to budget for substantial deposits and potentially unreliable utilities that may require backup systems.

- CON: Shortage of good accommodation options

High-quality housing is in short supply. Expats from abroad may struggle to find housing that meets their standards in terms of luxury and utilities.

Renting Expat Accommodation in Mozambique

Lifestyle in Mozambique

+ PRO: Welcoming people and culture

Mozambicans are friendly, welcoming and generous, and once expats have come to terms with the language and customs, they’ll find the locals quickly becoming their friends. Mozambican culture is hospitable and tolerant, and their lifestyle is generally easygoing. Mozambican food is a wonderful blend of African, Portuguese and Arabic influences.

- CON: Language barrier

Communicating with locals can be challenging, as English is not widely spoken in Mozambique, particularly outside of tourist areas. Portuguese is essential for daily life, from banking and shopping to dealing with bureaucratic processes. Learning key Portuguese phrases is necessary for successfully integrating and avoiding misunderstandings in professional and personal situations.

+ PRO: Raw beauty and spectacular coastline

Mozambique is blessed with a glorious coastline that is scattered with tropical beaches. The scuba diving is some of the best in the world, the game fishing is renowned. Limpopo National Park, adjacent to the Kruger National Park in South Africa, is also a popular attraction.

- CON: Stark poverty

Poverty is widespread and severe, with over 60 percent of the population living below the poverty line and in extreme poverty. It isn’t unusual for Mozambicans to live with very few amenities and no electricity or running water. Expats may experience culture shock if they are unused to life in such an underdeveloped country.

- CON: Health and safety risks

There is a significant risk of terrorism in the northeastern province of Cabo Delgado and in the northeasternmost districts of the neighbouring province of Nampula, where extremist attacks have been rising. Political unrest can flare up across the country, particularly in Maputo. Petty theft is common in some areas due to widespread inequality, and foreigners may be targeted for their perceived wealth.

Malaria is prevalent throughout Mozambique, and expats should take anti-malarial medication during their stay. Tap water is generally not safe to drink without treatment, and there are risks of waterborne diseases like bilharzia. Extensive international health insurance with medical evacuation coverage is vital, as local medical facilities cannot handle serious conditions or emergencies.

Safety in Mozambique 
Healthcare in Mozambique

Cost of living in Mozambique

+ PRO: Low cost of living

Living cheaply in Mozambique is relatively easy – local produce like fruits, vegetables, and seafood tends to be affordable. Negotiating with vendors is commonplace and can further reduce the costs. You’ll need to factor in banking challenges and limited international financial services.

- CON: Luxuries and entertainment are pricey

Many imported products are expensive and hard to find in more rural areas. Entertainment, eating out, and activities, such as diving and boating, can be costly. Local transport via minibus and lorry taxis (chapas) is affordable, but you’ll likely need a private vehicle for convenience and safety, adding significantly to monthly expenses.

Cost of Living in Mozambique

Education in Mozambique

- CON: Public education standards are low

Public education in Mozambique is free, although expats and locals who can afford it prefer to send their children to international or private schools.

+ PRO: Good international school options

For expat parents, there are several high-quality international schools available, mainly in Beira and Maputo. These offer curricula including American, British, and French systems, along with the International Baccalaureate. Early application is essential for beating the waiting lists, particularly for popular year groups.

Education and Schools in Mozambique

Local culture in Mozambique

- CON: Bureaucratic administration

Mozambique is run in a bureaucratic fashion. The proliferation of red tape can often result in inefficient public services and, in some cases, corruption. The work permit processes are complex and time consuming, and you’ll need extensive documentation and endless patience.

+ PRO: Diverse culture

Mozambican culture is vibrant, diverse, and welcoming. Influences from the Portuguese colonial era blend with local African culture to offer expats a range of experiences, from music and cuisine to nature and adventure. The social pace is relaxed, although you’ll find the distinct wet and dry seasons affect lifestyle patterns and social activities throughout the year.

Local Culture in Mozambique
Weather in Mozambique

Moving to Mozambique as an expat is an appealing proposition – the country boasts a long coastline dotted with sun-drenched beaches on the warm Indian Ocean. Cities exude an old-world charm, while remote areas bring a sense of adventure.

The country still has strong cultural ties to Portugal, having attained independence in 1975. Portuguese is the official language, and administrative systems reflect the country’s colonial heritage. Yet Mozambique retains its own distinct character, combining European, African, and Asian influences. 

Living in Mozambique as an expat

Mozambique is a popular expat destination, owing to its pleasant tropical climate, affordable cost of living, welcoming people, and exciting outdoor experiences. Finding employment in the country can be a challenge, but it becomes easier if you have skills in mining, agriculture, or humanitarian aid.

Comprehensive international health insurance is recommended, as public healthcare in Mozambique is subpar, necessitating private care. Malaria is a health concern, but the risk can be minimised by taking appropriate preventative medication.

Despite the challenges, Mozambique is an intriguing destination for expats, offering those seeking out its cultural hubs, remote bays, and striking landscapes a unique and unforgettable experience.

Working in Mozambique
Healthcare in Mozambique

Cost of living in Mozambique

The cost of living in Mozambique is generally low, although some services, like international health insurance and private schooling, can be pricey. The cost of accommodation varies – city-centre homes in hubs like Maputo or Beira are notably more expensive than more rural living. Local produce, mainly fruits and seafood, is affordable and available in abundance, whereas imported goods from neighbouring South Africa and Europe carry higher prices.

Cost of Living in Mozambique
Accommodation in Mozambique

Families and children in Mozambique

If you’re moving with your family, you’ll benefit from a number of good international schools in Maputo and Beira, offering a diverse range of curricula, including those of the UK, France, and the International Baccalaureate.

There are plenty of family-friendly activities on offer in Mozambique, mainly centred around the ocean. Surfing, fishing, diving, boating, and swimming are all popular and accessible activities that can be enjoyed by the whole family.

Education and Schools in Mozambique
Local Culture in Mozambique

Climate in Mozambique

The climate in Mozambique is tropical, with year-round high temperatures and high levels of humidity. The country lies in Southern Africa, and the weather in the region is impacted by the prevailing winds and warm Agulhas Current.

Mozambique's climate is made up of the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season, which typically lasts from October to April, is characterised by torrential downpours and thunderstorms. The dry season, which lasts from May through September, is distinguished by clear skies and little rainfall.

Weather Chart for Mozambique

Fast facts

Population: More than 32 million 

Capital city: Maputo 

Neighbouring countries: Mozambique is bordered by Tanzania, Malawi, and Zambia to the north, Zimbabwe to the west, and South Africa and Eswatini to the south.

Geography: The Zambezi River divides the country into two topographical regions. In the north, the land is shaped by inland hills and low plateaus. Rugged highlands are further west. To the south of the Zambezi River, the lowlands are broader.

Political system: Unitary presidential republic

Major religions: Christianity

Main languages: Portuguese (official), Makhuwa, and English

Money: The Mozambican Metical (MZN) is divided into 100 centavos. ATMs are readily available in cities, but are harder to find in rural areas. Banking in Mozambique is fairly straightforward, with both domestic and international banks operating in the country.

Tipping: Tipping is standard practice in Mozambique, with 10 percent of the bill being the norm in restaurants. Tipping tour guides, cleaners, and porters is also commonplace.

Electricity: 220V, 50Hz. Two-pin round plugs are common, while three-pin plugs can also be found.

Internet domain: .mz

International dialling code: +258

Emergency contacts: 119 (police), 117 (medical), 198 (fire) 

Transport and driving: Cars drive on the left-hand side of the road. Taxis, ride-hailing services, buses, and minibus taxis operate in Mozambique. Public transport is generally unreliable, and road conditions are frequently poor. 

If you're seeking warm, sunny days, Mozambique may turn out to be paradise. The average yearly temperature in Mozambique is a balmy 82°F (28°C). The country gets lots of sunshine all through the year and rarely gets cold.

Temperature and rainfall vary slightly from region to region. The climate at the coast transitions from subtropical in the south to tropical in the north. Because of their high average altitudes, the Nampula and Niassa provinces tend to be the coolest.

Mozambique's weather is characterised by two seasons. The hot rainy season runs from December to March, when temperatures along the coast average 88°F (29°C). Rainfall is heaviest in the north and decreases the further south you go. Mozambique experiences cyclones during the rainy season, which can occasionally cause significant damage. The dry season is from April to November.

The weather in Maputo, Mozambique's capital and most popular expat destination, is warm and sunny. February is the hottest month, while June is the coolest. Winters tend to still be warm, with temperatures rarely dipping below 65°F (19°C).

Expats travelling to Mozambique will generally be well looked after, but being aware of current safety concerns can help mitigate the risk of becoming involved in unpleasant situations. Crime, political tension, and terrorism are present in the country.

The local police force suffers from limited resources, staff shortages, and corruption, which can limit its operational effectiveness. The best strategy is to remain vigilant at all times and keep up with current affairs.

Crime in Mozambique

Petty theft is common in Mozambique, especially in the capital, Maputo. Foreigners are often targets due to their perceived wealth. Most crimes against foreigners are non-violent and opportunistic in nature. Pickpocketing, theft of unattended possessions, and bag-snatching can occur.

Thieves may attempt to distract victims in order to give an accomplice the opportunity to take luggage or pick a victim’s pocket. People walking alone, especially at night, with bags or purses, are typical targets. Expats should take precautions by avoiding dark and secluded areas, not wearing expensive jewellery, and keeping valuables out of sight.

Kidnappings can also occur in Mozambique, typically with the intention of extorting a ransom from the victim’s family. 'Virtual kidnapping' has also become more prevalent, where individuals may receive text messages and phone calls from unknown numbers claiming to have kidnapped family members. Be aware of your loved one’s locations and check in frequently to avoid falling victim to virtual kidnappers.

It's also important to be vigilant on the roads. Criminals sometimes impersonate police officers to get drivers to pull over. In Mozambique, traffic officers wear white shirts and blue trousers, while regular police officers can be identified by their blue uniforms.

Terrorism and conflict in Mozambique

Terrorism is present in Mozambique, particularly in the northern province of Cabo Delgado. Threats primarily stem from IS-Mozambique, a group linked to Daesh (formerly Islamic State), and Al-Shabaab, a Somali insurgent group.

The risk of civil unrest and terrorist attacks in the country has declined in recent years. However, political tension does occasionally flare up in Mozambique. It is therefore best to stay informed and keep up to date with the news. Expats should not travel to affected regions unless it is strictly necessary, and should avoid demonstrations and public gatherings.

Road safety in Mozambique

Being out and about on the roads of Mozambique, whether driving or walking, can be dangerous. The lack of street lights, stop signs, traffic signals, sidewalks, and guardrails, in combination with poorly surfaced and potholed roads, increases the risk. Local drivers may also have little consideration for pedestrians and other road users, often speeding and disregarding the rules of the road.

During the rainy season, mud, deep puddles and flooding add to the dangers of the roads. Road surfaces and bridges frequently wash out during this time of year. Keep an eye on the weather forecast to avoid getting caught out by bad weather.

Road accidents sometimes draw large crowds that may be prone to aggressive behaviour. If this occurs, try to create some distance from the crowd and get in touch with the police and your local embassy.

Transport and Driving in Mozambique

Health safety in Mozambique

Mozambique is a malaria zone. Mosquito nets and insect repellants should be used in conjunction with preventative medicines to minimise risk.

In Mozambique, tap water is considered unsafe to drink due to the threat of bilharzia and cholera. Expats should therefore only drink boiled, treated or bottled water.

Recommended vaccinations when travelling to Mozambique include typhoid and hepatitis A.

Expat Healthcare in Mozambique

Emergency numbers in Mozambique

• Police: 112 or 119
• Ambulance: 117
• Fire: 198

Working in Mozambique as an expat can be complex. With the government trying to increase employment opportunities for locals, strict laws and regulations, including quotas, have been put in place for hiring foreigners.

This legislation makes job opportunities for expats difficult to come by. Expats are most likely to find work in higher-level positions with international companies. Volunteering or working in education and community projects is prevalent in the country and can help expats get established in Mozambique.

Job market in Mozambique

The job market in Mozambique is broad, although some sectors are more accessible to expats than others. Expats tend to find work in upper-level management roles, as a quota system reserves most positions for Mozambican nationals.

Agriculture, tourism, and transport are the driving forces of Mozambique’s economy, with approximately 70 percent of the population employed in the agricultural industry. Forestry, manufacturing, mining, and fishing are also important sectors. Large natural gas reserves have recently been discovered in the country, presenting expats with experience in this field with new opportunities to find employment.

If you’re interested in teaching English in a foreign country, Mozambique can be a good option. There are a number of private and international schools in the country that look for teachers from abroad, though these opportunities tend to be few and far between, and will usually require a university degree and TEFL certification.

Salaries vary, with executives and managers earning significantly more than teachers or expats working in service jobs.

Humanitarian organisations are a frequent source of employment for expats in Mozambique. Roles tend not to be permanent, but may work on a rotational basis.

Finding a job in Mozambique

Job search engines, career websites, and social networking sites are good options for finding a job in Mozambique. Facebook and LinkedIn often have groups dedicated to expats living and working in Mozambique. Connecting and networking with other expats already employed in the country are useful ways to get some tips and possibly some job recommendations.

Word of mouth is highly regarded in Mozambique, and employers will often prefer hiring an expat who has been recommended by someone already working for the company.

Getting a Work Permit for Mozambique
Applying for a Visa for Mozambique

Useful links

• LinkedIn
• MMO Jobs

Work culture in Mozambique

The work culture in Mozambique tends to be traditional, with top-down hierarchies and bureaucratic workflows reflecting the country’s Portuguese colonial heritage. Building personal relationships with colleagues is as important in the workplace as professionalism, respect for seniority, and politeness.

Business Culture in Mozambique

The business environment in Mozambique is quite traditional. Upper management is usually responsible for final decisions and plans. Nonetheless, communication from one tier of the hierarchy to another is common too.

Mozambicans are typically hard-working and motivated. Workplace culture tends to be welcoming and respectful, helping you settle in more easily.

Fast facts

Business hours

Monday to Friday, from 8am to 5pm.

Business language

Portuguese, though many educated Mozambicans speak English. In some cases, it may be necessary to hire a translator.

Greetings

Both men and women typically greet with a handshake. Men commonly use both hands when greeting someone. It's important to address others by their professional title. If someone's title isn’t known, address men as Senhor (Mr) and women as Senhora (Mrs/Ms). 

Dress

The dress code varies in different industries, but it’s often best to dress more formally than too casually until you have a better idea of how others dress. For men, a lightweight suit and tie are appropriate for most workplaces. Women can wear suits too, though a blazer with a dress of an appropriate length is also an option.

Gender equality

Men generally dominate the workplace in Mozambique, but this is slowly changing with the introduction of gender equality measures. More women tend to work in urban areas, though many still stay at home and take care of the family. Women’s roles get more traditional the further away you go from metropolitan areas.

Business culture in Mozambique

A sense of respect for seniority characterises business culture in Mozambique. Mozambicans tend to avoid confrontation and conflict. People are usually wary of offending others, so true feelings may not always be spoken. Mozambicans are also very relationship-oriented. If you make a real effort to get to know your associates, it will reflect positively on you.

Mozambican culture places less emphasis on timeliness and more on relationships, which can be frustrating for expats. Expats should always arrive on time themselves, but should not express impatience if others are late.

Communication

Mozambicans tend to communicate more indirectly and prefer to avoid conflicts and confrontation. It is considered more polite to accept an invitation and not show up than to decline. Generally speaking, an arm's length of personal space is appropriate during conversations.

The pace of decision-making in Mozambique can sometimes be slow. You should be prepared for back-and-forth negotiations. It's best not to appear over-eager to make a deal, as this may get in the way of negotiating for a better position.

Meetings

When having a meeting in Mozambique, you shouldn’t rush into discussing business. Small talk always precedes formal conversations. It is appropriate to inquire about a colleague’s health, family, and other social matters before dealing with business. 

The person who initiated the meeting should be the first one to start the actual business conversation, while the most senior person typically ends the discussion.

Attitude towards foreigners

Mozambique is a large and diverse country. In addition to the many indigenous groups, the country has received waves of colonists, immigrants, and migrant workers over the years. The population consists of people from many cultural, religious, economic, and geographical backgrounds, which means that expats don’t stand out too much.

Generally speaking, Mozambicans are respectful of foreigners and perceive them as experienced and educated.

Dos and don'ts of business in Mozambique

• Don't expect your Mozambican colleagues to be on time, but do arrive on time yourself.
• Do be aware that January is the main holiday month, so business trips shouldn't be scheduled then.
• Do give and receive business cards with your right hand.
• Don't be afraid of building good relationships with colleagues.

Expats travelling to Mozambique are in for a unique mix of Bantu, Swahili, Arabic and Western cultures. The country is vibrant and welcoming, shaped by both colonial Portuguese and local African influences.

Locals are generally friendly and respectful, although the high levels of poverty seen in parts of the country can be jarring to new arrivals.

Language barrier in Mozambique

The official language of Mozambique is Portuguese, and expats unable to speak it tend to feel a sense of isolation. The inability to communicate thoughts and feelings or even simple requests can complicate everyday life. English is not widely spoken outside the capital city, and although there are various translation and interpreting services available, the language barrier can become quite frustrating.

New arrivals should prioritise speaking and understanding some basic Portuguese to ease the transition and lessen the frustration caused by the language barrier.

Cultural differences in Mozambique

Mozambicans are not strict on punctuality, which may cause some frustration. This can impact how you live in the country, especially when doing business.

Public displays of affection are uncommon. It is typical for people to shake hands upon meeting, and for women to kiss other women on the cheek, but only in familiar settings.

Bureaucracy in Mozambique

Many sectors in Mozambique, from government to education and business, are run in a notoriously bureaucratic fashion, due to the country’s recent colonial past and struggles with conflict and corruption. Expats can expect long queues at public offices and frequent outages of administrative systems.

Poverty in Mozambique

Poverty has been a major challenge for Mozambique since gaining independence in 1975. At that time, the country was listed as one of the world’s poorest. Even today, the country ranks among the lowest in terms of human development, life expectancy, and inequality.

The high level of poverty and wealth inequality can come as a shock to expats. Even though the country has made great strides in reducing poverty, ongoing insurgencies in the northern provinces and political instability are proving to be significant roadblocks.

LGBTQ+ in Mozambique

Same-sex activities were decriminalised in Mozambique in 2015. In the capital, Maputo, the attitude toward sexual identity is fairly liberal, while rural areas tend to be more conservative.

Despite being relatively progressive in the African context, Mozambique has yet to legally recognise same-sex marriages or civil unions. Although discrimination based on sexual identity is uncommon, no laws explicitly protect LGBTQ+ individuals from discrimination. Expats should be aware that public displays of affection are taboo and should be avoided, regardless of sexual orientation.

Women in Mozambique

Mozambique still has quite a traditional view of women, who are expected to get married and start a family at a young age. This can lead to low levels of education for girls and young women. Many women, particularly in rural areas, work informally in agriculture, tending to crops and livestock. Only a comparatively small number are formally employed.

Despite these challenges, Mozambique is making significant advancements in promoting gender equality, with over 40 percent of seats in parliament occupied by women. Efforts to improve the accessibility of jobs and education for women are ongoing.

Education in Mozambique is organised into three stages: primary education, secondary education and higher education.

While the country does have a somewhat functional national education system, the language of instruction in Mozambican public schools is Portuguese. As a result of this, and a variety of challenges faced by public schools in the country, very few expats opt to send their children to public schools, preferring to make use of private and international schools.

Mozambique is home to a good variety of private and international schools, most of which can be found in Maputo and Beira.

Public schools in Mozambique

The first nine years of education are compulsory in Mozambique. Children start their first year of school at the age of six. Public schools are generally understaffed and stretched for resources, often resulting in high dropout rates.

The language of instruction at public schools in Mozambique is Portuguese. This creates a language barrier for many expats. While public schools are technically free, you’ll have to pay for textbooks, uniforms and other extras.

Due to space constraints, school is typically held in two or three sessions a day. This means some children attend a morning session and others attend school in the afternoon. Sessions are short in order to cater to as many students as possible. The result is often a lower quality of education.

For these reasons, most expat parents opt for international schools instead.

Useful links

• Ministry of Education and Culture

Private schools in Mozambique

Those who can afford it tend to send their children to private schools in Mozambique. These schools tend to have smaller classes, more qualified teachers and better teaching resources at their disposal.

There are many private schools in Mozambique, with the majority being located in Maputo or Beira. Private schools offer a wide variety of curricula and teach primarily in English or Portuguese. The standard of education and cost of tuition vary, so it’s best to research your options thoroughly before enrolling your child.

International schools in Mozambique

You can choose from a number of international schools in Mozambique. These schools teach foreign or globally recognised curricula, like the International Baccalaureate (IB) or British curriculum.

Schools usually teach in the language associated with their country of origin. The majority of these schools offer classes in English. Most of Mozambique's international schools are clustered in Maputo and Beira, with a few scattered in other areas around the country.

Admission and enrolment procedures vary from school to school. Demand for international schooling in Mozambique is high, and space is limited. For this reason, it’s best to start the application process as early as possible.

Tuition fees vary widely, with the best international schools charging high fees. Expats moving to Mozambique for work should attempt to negotiate a school allowance into their relocation package to cover these costs.

Best International Schools in Mozambique

Special-needs education in Mozambique

Though there has been a push for more inclusive education options, provisions for special-needs education in Mozambique are limited. While the need for integrated classes is recognised, few schools can afford the resources and staff to support this, with public schools in particular being afflicted by this. Schools that cannot offer comprehensive support may be reluctant to admit students with behavioural, learning or physical disabilities or challenges.

You’re more likely to find support programmes for your special-needs child at private or international schools. It's best to contact the schools directly to find out what support services are available.

Tutors in Mozambique

There are tutors available in Mozambique, mainly located in the bigger cities and other expat enclaves. Whether you want your children to get better acquainted with Portuguese, catch up academically, or get extra support close to exam time, private tutors can help.

One of the best ways to find a tutor is through networking and asking other families. There is also a wide variety of tutoring companies available online.

Finding quality healthcare in Mozambique can be a challenge. The country’s healthcare system is underdeveloped and poorly equipped to deal with the high levels of poverty.

The public healthcare system in Mozambique is basic and very limited. Expats are not entitled to public healthcare, so they rely on private healthcare facilities instead. These are in short supply, with most found in Maputo. Most expats, as well as wealthier Mozambicans, opt to travel to neighbouring South Africa for elective procedures.

Public healthcare in Mozambique

The standard of public healthcare in Mozambique is likely to be lower than what many expats may be used to. Frequent staff and supply shortages are major issues for public hospitals, resulting in long waiting times, even for basic care. 

Private healthcare in Mozambique

There are several private clinics in Maputo and the larger cities in Mozambique. Doctors at these clinics, who are often expats themselves, tend to be well trained, experienced and usually speak English.

Maputo Private Hospital is the most reputable. It was one of the first private hospitals to open in Mozambique in 2012, though other private hospitals have launched their operations since. It is fully equipped to deal with emergencies and has obstetrics, paediatrics, and radiology departments.

Health insurance in Mozambique

Domestic health insurance is not very common or widely used in Mozambique. The government funds the nation's public healthcare system, which aims to offer all residents access to fundamental medical treatment, but the system is underfunded and frequently lacks resources, necessitating comprehensive international health insurance.

As Mozambican public healthcare facilities generally lack the resources to provide adequate care, you should choose a plan that covers the costs of private hospitalisation and possible medical evacuation to South Africa.

Pharmacies and medication in Mozambique

Pharmacies, or farmácia in Portuguese, can rarely be found outside Mozambique’s major cities, like Maputo or Beira. Medications are mostly imported, and supply can be unreliable, with pharmacies often running out of basic medication. Due to this, you should always check the expiry dates on packaging. 

It is also a good idea to know the generic name for important medications, as brand names vary between countries. If possible, you should try to bring chronic and basic medicines such as paracetamol and malaria tablets with you from your home country.

Health hazards in Mozambique

Malaria is endemic in Mozambique. Ensure that you take anti-malaria medication as directed by your healthcare professional. Making use of insect repellants and mosquito nets can help reduce the risk of getting malaria further.

Bilharzia, a parasitic infection found in freshwater, is also a danger. Tap water in Mozambique is not safe to drink – be sure to use bottled, boiled or treated and filtered water instead.

Vaccinations in Mozambique

There are no mandatory vaccinations required for entering Mozambique. It’s recommended, however, that you keep standard vaccinations up to date, including those for mumps, measles, rubella, diphtheria, polio, tetanus and typhoid. Annual flu and Covid-19 vaccinations are also recommended, but not required.

Emergency medical services in Mozambique

• Police: 112 or 119
• Medical: 117
• Fire: 198

These numbers tend not to be reliable, so it's best to keep the contact details of the nearest hospital on hand for medical emergencies. Private ambulances are usually only available in the capital. Outside Maputo, such services are generally unreliable due to the poor state of the national roads. Air evacuations are often the only option to get to a hospital quickly.

Getting around in Mozambique can be challenging, as public transport options are limited and road conditions tend to be poor. If you can afford it, purchasing a car makes getting around more convenient and is generally safer than using public transport. Still, on the road, you’ll need to remain cautious of other drivers and obstructions like potholes.

In the capital, Maputo, the public transport system is slightly better than elsewhere in the country, with trains linking to neighbouring South Africa, and ferries connecting the city to Inhaca Island and Catembe.

Domestic air travel between Mozambique's biggest airport, Maputo International, and hubs like Nampula, Beira, and Tete is possible.

Public transport in Mozambique

Trains

Trains travel to and from Maputo and South Africa, but they are known to be overcrowded. Many lack sleeping facilities, which makes overnight journeys difficult.

Buses

Buses in Mozambique cater to long-distance travel needs. It's not uncommon for coaches to be full, and local minibuses are usually used to take the overflow of passengers. Like trains, buses can be used to travel to neighbouring countries, such as Zimbabwe and South Africa. Buses can also be used for intercity travel within Mozambique.

Chapas

Chapas are local minibuses that are used for both short- and long-distance journeys. For the latter, luggage is often piled on the roof, with many chapas drivers ignoring capacity limits. As they tend to be overloaded, they can be dangerous to travel in, but are frequently cheaper than other forms of transport.

Txopela

Tuk-tuks, locally referred to as Txopela, are a low-cost form of transport primarily found in Maputo. Although their primary function is to get passengers from one place to another cheaply, some operators have built experience tours around these three-wheeled vehicles.

Ferry

There are daily ferries between Inhaca Island and Maputo, as well as Catembe and Maputo. The ferry travels more frequently on weekends, but make sure you arrive early to secure a spot.

Taxis in Mozambique

Ride-hailing services are the safest way to catch a taxi in Mozambique. Informal and metered taxis can be found throughout the country, but neither is reliable and may overcharge. Apps like InDrive and Yango are preferred, though it’s worth noting that they only operate in major cities like Maputo, Matola, and Beira.

Useful links

• Yango
• InDrive

Driving in Mozambique

Cars drive on the left-hand side of the road in Mozambique and are essential for getting around safely and independently. Many roads are unpaved and in bad condition, and for this reason, four-wheel drives and SUVs are particularly popular choices.

If stopped by a traffic police officer and asked to pay a spot fine, insist on an official receipt, as some expats have reported instances of bribery and extortion.

Driver's licences

Expats from Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries or International Driving Permit (IDP) holders can drive in Mozambique for up to 90 days.

For longer stays, you will need a Mozambican driver’s licence. This can be obtained by either passing the local driver’s exam or converting your existing licence into a Mozambican licence via the Instituto National de Transportes Rodoviarios (INATRO). Both options require you to complete a theoretical test in Portuguese, although residents of countries with which Mozambique has a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) may be exempt from this.

Useful links

• INATRO

Domestic flights in Mozambique

LAM Mozambique Airlines, the national airline, is largely responsible for operating air travel in Mozambique. Maputo International Airport and Nampula International Airport are the two main airports in Mozambique. Domestic flights to cities such as Beira, Tete, and Pemba are also available. These flights offer a quick and convenient option for travel between Mozambique’s major hubs.

The South African carrier Airlink also offers domestic flights in Mozambique, although itineraries and schedules are subject to change.

It is important to keep in mind that Mozambique's domestic aviation infrastructure is less developed than that of many other nations, and there may be delays or cancellations.

Useful links

• LAM Mozambique Airlines
• Airlink

The banking system in Mozambique is gradually undergoing modernisation, although certain aspects, like the language barrier, can still be challenging for expats. Understanding the intricacies of banking, money and taxes in Mozambique can help you better manage your finances when moving to the country.

Money in Mozambique

The country’s currency is the Mozambican Metical (MZN), which is divided into 100 centavos. The plural is meticais.

• Notes: MZN 20, MZN 50, MZN 100, MZN 200, MZN 500, and MZN 1,000
• Coins: MZN 1, MZN 2, MZN 5, and MZN 10, and 50 centavos 

Both South African Rands (ZAR) and United States Dollars (USD) are also widely accepted and used in Mozambique.

Banking in Mozambique

A variety of banks are available to expats in Mozambique. International banks like Barclays Bank, and a few South African banks such as First National Bank and Standard Bank, operate in the country.

Most of the head offices are located in Maputo, with branches across Mozambique. Withdrawing large amounts of currency out of a Mozambican bank account can prove difficult, as can transferring funds out of the country. Expats often choose to keep a non-Mozambican bank account for working with larger sums of money, and make use of specialised companies to send money abroad.

Opening a bank account

Banks in Mozambique are open from Monday to Friday between 8am and 3pm. Non-residents are able to open a bank account. You will need a number of documents, though the exact requirements can vary depending on the bank. Most banks offer some form of online banking, but some transactions may require a visit to the physical branch.

ATMs and credit cards

ATMs are easy to find in the capital, Maputo. Most ATMs have limits on how much money can be withdrawn in a single transaction. There are also limits on the amount that can be withdrawn throughout the day. ATMs are less common in more rural areas and have a tendency to run out, so it’s a good idea to carry some spare cash.

ATMs will generally accept international debit and credit cards alongside local cards. Most banks charge a transaction fee for international withdrawals. However, some have partnered with Mozambican banks to waive these fees.

Credit cards are readily accepted in major Mozambican cities and towns, although some expats report issues with Mastercard. It is advisable to use a Visa card and have spare cash on hand, especially in rural areas.

Taxes in Mozambique

All residents of Mozambique are eligible to pay tax. For tax purposes, a resident is classified as a person who has lived in Mozambique for at least 180 days during a 12-month period. Income tax is charged above a certain minimum income threshold, with the amount ranging from 10 to 32 percent, depending on your salary. Non-residents are only taxed on income earned in Mozambique, with a flat rate determining the amount due. 

As expat tax matters can be complex, we recommend consulting a tax practitioner with experience in the area.

There are a number of international schools in Mozambique, most of which are located in Maputo and Beira. A diverse range of schooling options are on offer, including the International Baccalaureate (IB) and the Cambridge International Curriculum. Teaching languages vary, with English being the most common in international and private schools.

Below are some of the most popular international schools in Mozambique.

International schools in Mozambique

American International School of Mozambique

Established in 1990 and situated in Maputo, the American International School of Mozambique hosts more than 500 students from over 70 countries at a student-to-teacher ratio of 5:1, offering the IB programme along with a diverse selection of extracurricular activities. 

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.aism.co.mz

Maputo International School

The Maputo International School focuses on providing modern and inclusive education to a student pool of over 700 expat and Mozambican children. The school is a registered Cambridge Primary and Secondary School and accredited Cambridge Examination Centre, offering both the Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British (Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels)
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.mis.ac.mz

Lycée Français International Gustave Eiffel

The Lycée Français International Gustave Eiffel is the only school in Mozambique to offer a complete French-language curriculum. The private establishment is approved by the Agency for French Education Abroad (AEFE) and provides its more than 500 students with an intercultural and humanist education.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: French
Ages: 3 to 18
Website: www.lyceemaputo.org

Willow International School

The Willow International School is a certified Cambridge International School and Exam Centre and teaches the Mozambican curriculum as well as the Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels programmes. Willow International aims to offer a comprehensive education to Mozambican and expat children alike.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: Mozambican and Cambridge International Curriculum (including IGCSE and A-Levels)
Ages: 4 to 18
Website: www.willow.org.mz

Stella Maris International School

Located in Beira, Stella Maris International School is one of only two international schools in the city and the only one to offer the Cambridge International Curriculum, including the Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels. Stella Maris also has a playgroup and kindergarten, catering to parents with children as young as two.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: Cambridge International Curriculum (including IGCSE and A-Levels)
Ages: 2 to 18
Website: www.smis.edu.mz 

Enko Riverside International School

Enko Maputo, formerly known as Enko Riverside International School, teaches both the IB and Cambridge Primary and Secondary curricula. The school caters to a small but diverse student body of just over 130. Both Mozambican nationals and expats are well represented.

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate
Ages: 5 to 18
Website: www.enkoeducation.com

Obtaining a work permit for Mozambique can be a challenging process. To be eligible for a work permit, expats will first need to obtain a job offer in the country. With quotas in place limiting the employment of foreigners, this isn’t always an easy feat. That said, expats with in-demand skills will be more likely to find work and, therefore, be eligible to apply for a work permit. Once you’ve secured a job offer, your employer will handle most of the work permit application, though you’ll need to submit certain documents.

Types of work permits for Mozambique

Short-term work permits

Those travelling to Mozambique for 30 to 120 days will be able to enter and work in the country on a business visa. Traditionally, a business visa is designed for people travelling to another country to attend meetings, conferences, seminars or corporate events. In Mozambique, this visa also enables the visa holder to work legally, effectively functioning as a short-term work permit.

Visas for Mozambique

Long-term work permits

Long-term work permits for Mozambique are initially valid for a period of up to two years, and are renewable, if the applicant meets certain requirements. Employers usually handle the bulk of the application process. Work permits are granted before entry into Mozambique and must be accompanied by a work visa.

Doing Business in Mozambique

Applying for a work permit for Mozambique

Short-term business visa applications

Applications for business visas can be submitted at the Mozambican mission or embassy in an expat's home country. Normal passport and travel requirements have to be met. For nationals of countries without a Mozambican embassy, a letter of approval can be acquired from Mozambican agents. This document is then used to travel to the country.

Long-term work permit applications

The application process for a long-term work permit is more complex than that for a business visa. The Mozambican quota system gives a company the right to employ only a certain number of foreigners. If the company has exhausted its quota, it may apply for 'out-of-quota' authorisation with the Department of Labour.

Documents required for a long-term work permit include compliance and qualification certificates, usually obtained by the employer, and travel and employment documents, provided by the employee. Whether an applicant is in- or out-of-quota has an effect on what paperwork is required. 

Factors further affecting the application process can include the sector in which the foreigner is employed and the intention to transfer knowledge and skills to locals.

*Visa regulations and requirements for work permits are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details. 

The process of getting a visa for Mozambique varies depending on your nationality. Visitors from SADC countries and nationals of exempt countries, like the USA, Germany, and the United Kingdom, can enter Mozambique visa-free for 30 days. Visa-free visits are limited to tourism, visitation, and business purposes. For nationals of non-exempt countries, there is slightly more paperwork involved.

Short-term visas for Mozambique

If you’re travelling to Mozambique for 30 days or less, you have a number of visa options to choose from. All short-term visas require broadly the same documents, including a passport (valid for six months or more), proof of accommodation and financial means, as well as a return ticket. The types of short-term visas for Mozambique are:

• Tourist visas: Travelling to see Mozambique’s many beautiful beaches? The tourist visa is the right choice. If there’s no Mozambican embassy or consulate in your home country, it can be issued on arrival. Otherwise, you can apply ahead of time using Mozambique’s eVisa system.
• Visit visas: This visa is primarily for those visiting family or friends in Mozambique. You’ll need to include a letter of invitation from your host.
• Business visas: In order to receive a business visa, you’ll need to submit both your normal travel documents and a letter of invitation from the Mozambican business you’re visiting.
• Work visas: Work visas grant initial entry into Mozambique while work permits are processed. Criminal record and medical certificates are required on top of normal travel documents.

Find out more about obtaining Work Permits for Mozambique

Useful links

• National Institute of Social Security (INSS)
• eVisa Mozambique

Long-term residence in Mozambique

If you’re looking to settle in Mozambique, you’ll need a residence visa, which is a prerequisite for a residence permit. The validity of the visa is 30 days, and the required documents are broadly similar to those for the work visa.

Residence permits for Mozambique

A residence permit, also called a Documento de Identificação e Residência para Estrangeiros (DIRE), is required for any stays in Mozambique exceeding the validity period of your visa. A DIRE can only be obtained from immigration services offices in Mozambique.

The first-time DIRE, effectively a temporary residence permit, is valid for one year. The holder must renew it for 10 consecutive years to become eligible for a permanent residence permit, which, in turn, is valid for five years at a time.  Lifelong permanent residence is only granted to permanent residents older than 65.

A significant amount of paperwork is required to apply for a DIRE – you’ll need to provide documents including copies of your passport, authorisation to work, business licence of the company you’re working for, and housing and criminal record certificates.

Upon arriving in Mozambique, you have 30 days to obtain your DIRE. It is also worth noting that immigration services will hold your passport for the duration of the application process, meaning you will not be able to leave the country until your DIRE is issued.

Investment visas

If you’re investing more than a set amount into a Mozambican business, you become eligible for a multiple-entry investment visa, valid for two years. Take note that you’ll still need a DIRE if you intend to stay in the country for longer than 30 days at a time. Consulting with your local Mozambican embassy is recommended, as a significant amount of paperwork is required.

Useful links

• National Immigration Service (SENAMI)

Permits for accompanying spouses or children

An expat with a valid work or residence permit can have their spouse and/or children accompany them. In Mozambique, life partners are also eligible to accompany their partners, though they will need to prove that they have been in a common-law union for at least one year.

Take note that same-sex marriage is still not recognised in Mozambique. This means that even if the couple has been legally married elsewhere, the spouse in a same-sex couple will not be able to obtain a visa in Mozambique as a dependant.

Parents need to declare financial responsibility in order for children younger than 18 to qualify for a residence permit.

*Visa requirements can change at short notice, and expats are advised to contact their nearest Mozambican embassy or consulate for the latest information.